还剩14页未读，
继续阅读
高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修7 Unit 20 New Frontiers Word版含解析
展开
这是一份高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修7 Unit 20 New Frontiers Word版含解析，共17页。
[话题素材]
好词
1．solve v. 解决
2．absorb v. 吸收
3．observe v. 观察；遵守；庆祝
4．knowledge n. 知识
5．explore vt. 探索；探险→exploration n. 探测；探究
6．serious adj. 严重的
7．comfortable adj. 舒适的
8．with the development of 随着……的发展
9．science and technology 科技
10．make a difference 起作用
11．in the meantime 同时
12．growing rapidly 迅速发展
佳句
1．I was so angry that I rushed out, leaving him sitting there with pale face.
我非常生气，冲了出去，留下他坐在那儿，脸色发白。
2．Neither will_he_go home nor will he go to school.
他既不愿回家，也不愿去上学。
[精美语篇]
We are now living in an information age, in which TV, cells and the Web are widely used. It seems that many people can't enjoy themselves without them.
However, if I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell or cut off the Internet. I could do without TV because few shows take my fancy and there're too many commercials. Besides, most programs on TV are also available elsewhere.
As for cells and the Web, they are more necessary to me because a cell can make me keep in touch with my friends and family while the Internet can provide me with almost all information.
高频单词
1．assist (vt.) 帮助；协助→assistance (n.) 帮助；协助→assistant (n.) 助手；助理
2．technical (adj.) 技术上的→technique (n.) 技术
3．latter (n.) 后者→former (n.) 前者
4．shortly (adv.) 不久；很快
5．update (vt.) 更新
6．worn (adj.) 磨损的→wear (vt.) 穿；佩戴；磨损；留；蓄
7．starvation (n.) 饥饿→starve (v.) 挨饿
8．conflict (n.) 争执；冲突 (v.) 冲突；抵触
9．equality (n.) 平等→equal (adj.) 平等的 (v.) 等于
10．assess (vt.) 评价；评估→assessment (n.) 评价；评估
11．electronic (adj.) 电子的→electric (adj.) 电的；用电的→electrical (adj.) 电的；电气科学的
12．specialist (n.) 专家→special (adj.) 专门的；特殊的
13．rescue (vt.) 拯救；救援→rescuer (n.) 救援者
14．instructor (n.) 指导者；教练→instruct (v.) 指导；教导
15．donate (vt.) 捐赠；赠送→donation (n.) 捐赠；赠送→donator (n.) 捐赠者
16．meanwhile (adv.) 同时
17．cure (vt.) 治愈
18．exploration (n.) 探测，探险→explore (vt.) 探测，探险
19．permanent (adj.) 长久的，永久的
20．permit (vt.) 允许；准许；许可→permit (n.) 许可证→permission (n.) 允许；准许
21．declare (vt.) 宣告；宣布→declaration (n.) 宣布
22．poisonous (adj.) 有毒的→poison (n.) 毒物；毒药
重点短语
1．in_advance 提前，预先
2．be_based_on 以……为基础
3．make_up_for 弥补
4．donate...to... 捐……给……
5．shortly_after 不久后
6．give_away 泄露(秘密)
7．take_over 接收，接管
8．figure_out 计算出；解决出
9．wrestle_with_something 努力解决难以处理的事物
10．participate_in 参加
11．not to mention 更不用说
12．come into conflict 发生冲突
13．drop off 下降；减少
14．be dedicated to 致力于；献身于
15．due to 因为
16．rather than 而不是
热点句型
1．“by＋时间点”常与完成时连用
By the year 2015, the clothing industry will_have_produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.(教材P20)
到2015年，服装业将生产出各种新型布料，无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污迹。
2．be doing...when... “正在……这时……”
In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was_rocking his oneyearold baby when he was suddenly inspired.(教材P24)
1905年夏天，这位率直的年轻人正摇晃他一岁的婴儿时，他突然有了灵感。
3．There's no doubt about/that...“毫无疑问……”
There's_no_doubt_about it.(教材P25)
对此应该深信不疑。
4．否定词＋比较级表示最高级的含义
At this time of year, there is nowhere_better_than the unspoilt countryside of South Shropshire. (教材P29)
在每年这个时节，没有哪里比自然淳朴的南什罗浦乡下更好了。
教材复现
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Over the centuries, people have always ________ (wonder) about the future.
答案：wondered
2．Some like to read fantasy stories and imagine what the world will be like ________ 10,50 or even 1,000 year's time.
答案：in
3．Many people will attend the seminar with dreams of starting new enterprises ________ (base) on the predictions they will hear this weekend.
答案：based
4．By the year 2025, no one will die of ________ (starve) because there will be food for everyone.
答案：starvation
5．________ the middle of the century, computers that are millions of times smarter than us will have been developed.
答案：By
6．________ (amaze) discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world.
答案：Amazing
7．Although ________ is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
答案：it
8．Einstein had already become worldfamous when a young exlawyer, ________ (return) from the First World War, started work in California.
答案：returning
9．In 1929, another farreaching ________ (find) was made by the son of a Scottish shepherd.
答案：finding
10．These pioneers of the 20th century were all ________ (dedicate) to improving the quality of human life on earth.
答案：dedicated
1
The new international crew are planning to take over from the existing one and assist with...(P19)
新的国际机组全体人员正计划要接管现有的一架飞机并协助……
帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助
go/come to one's assistance 帮助某人
with the assistance of 在……帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手，助理，助教；店员
①[2013·天津高考]For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.
多年来，为了帮助在洛厄尔天文台的宇航员，亚利桑那州的佛莱斯达在它的城市实行照明条例。
②[牛津词典]The head teacher's deputy assists_with many of his duties.
副校长帮助校长做了很多工作。
③I swam to Dad quickly and assisted him in_climbing/to_climb onto the boat.
我迅速游向父亲，并协助他爬到船上。
④[译林⑧－3]With_the_assistance_of his brother, he sold one painting.
在弟弟的帮助下，他卖掉了一幅画。
2
In the 18th and 19th centuries, especially the latter, the most common theme in science fiction novels was the future.(P20)
在18和19世纪，特别是19世纪，科幻小说最常见的主题是未来。
(1)the former...，the latter... 前者……，后者……
(2)the latter_part 后部分
the latter_point 后一点
the latter_year 晚年
①[2013·福建高考]Jack and Bill are twins, but the_former is taller than the_latter.
杰克和比尔是孪生兄弟，但前者比后者高。
②[人教⑦－1]Listen to the latter part of Barry's story.
听巴里讲述故事的后半部分。
易混辨析
late
指比预料的或正常的时间晚，意思是“迟的，晚的(地)”
lately
副词，意思是“近来，最近”，相当于recently，常与完成时态连用
latest
是形容词表示“最近的，最新的”
later
为副词，多用于时间上，指与过去某一时间点相比，“更后地，更晚地；后来；以后”
latter
表示两事物之间的顺序，意为“后一个/后者”，与former(前者)相对，常用于“the former..., the latter...”结构中
续表
[一言辨异]
Though I haven't heard much more latest news about him, I know from his teacher that lately he has always been late for school. Later,_I know from his classmates that he is late for either helping his mum with farming or playing computer games in the net bar. I think the chances of the latter are much more.
虽然我听到关于他的最新消息不多，但我从他老师那里了解到，最近他总上课迟到。我从他同学处了解到，他迟到或因帮他妈妈干农活，或因在网吧玩游戏。我认为后者的可能性要大。
③用late/later/lately/latest/latter填空
a．By the time he realizes he has walked into a trap, it will be too ________ for him to do anything about it.
b．[外研⑤－7]You look as if you went to bed ________ last night.
c．[译林②－1]Hi, John. I haven't heard much from you ________.
d．Eating breakfast ke you from overeating ________ in the day.
e．The match has been postponed a ________ date.
f．[北师大④－1] We want to hear all about the ________ events and happenings in our school.
答案：a.late b．late
c．lately d．later
e．later f．latest
3
There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality.(P20)
所以将不会再有任何冲突，人们将能够在和平与平等中生活在一起。
(1)A和B相冲突
(2)与……冲突/争执
in conflict处于冲突中
conflict between A and B A和B之间的矛盾
①[朗文词典]The new evidence conflicts_with the findings from previous studies.
新证据与先行研究的结果相矛盾。
②A small conflict can lead to violence.
一个小小的矛盾可能会引发暴力。
③[朗文词典]The two groups have been in_conflict_with each other for years.
这两个团体之间多年来一直有冲突。
4
Dave also goes outside the ship to rescue Frank, and HAL refuses to let him back in.(P23)
戴维也到轮船外面去营救法兰克，而HAL拒绝让他回去。
(1)rescue sb./sth. from (doing) sth./sb.＝save sb./sth. from (doing) sth./sb. 从……救出某物/某人
(2)come/go to sb.'s rescue 援救某人
the rescue team 救援队
①[朗文词典]He rescued two people from the fire.
他从火中救出两人。
②[牛津词典]You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.
是你给我解了围。
③[2013·北京高考]This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.
这个月葛瑞丝将出演《海豚的传说》，一部聚焦她被营救和康复的电影。
④[朗文词典]A nearby boat came to the rescue.
附近的一条船进行了救援。
5
Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones.(P24)
医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。
(1)donate sth. to sb. 向某人捐献某物
donate blood 献血
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物；捐款
give/make/present a donation to... 向……捐赠
(3)donator n. 捐赠者
①Many people have donated that type of blood.
很多人已经捐献了那种类型的血。
②The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake.
这位退休老人把大部分积蓄都捐给了被地震毁坏的那所学校。
③[朗文词典]Our school donated $500 to the Red Cross.
我们学校向红十字会捐款500美元。
④[朗文词典]Please make_a_donation_to UNICEF.
请向联合国儿童基金会捐款。
易混辨析
donate
一般表示捐钱和献血，只用作及物动词
contribute
主要指“贡献”，通常指贡献财力、物力、智力等。表示“促成”、“起作用”、“投稿”的意思
相同：二者均可表示“捐献”，后面可接to。表示捐钱或衣物时，二者可互换作用
⑤用donate/contribute的适当形式填空
a．[2013·江苏高考改编]It's more meaningful to ________ books and sports goods to children in need.
b．Many people have ________ that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs more.
c．I believe that each of us can ________ to the future of the world.
d．Honesty and hard work ________ to success and happiness.
e．The scientist often ________ to an academic journal.
答案：a.donate/contribute b．donated c．contribute
d．contribute e．contributes
6
We started flying around the world and meanwhile, scientists figured out how to split the atom...(P24)
我们开始在世界各地飞行，而同时科学家们也搞清楚了如何分解原子……
①[2014·山东高考]Meanwhile,_Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog.
同时，安去便利店买了一些宠物食品，警告她的两个儿子不要喜欢上这条狗。
②[2013·浙江高考]It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. In_the_meanwhile,_I'll set the table.
如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就太好了。与此同时，我也会摆好餐具的。
③I was in the kitchen cleaning up. Meanwhile,_Ray was in the living room, watching.
我在厨房打扫卫生，此时雷却在客厅看电视。
－特别提示－
(1)meanwhile可以作名词和副词，但不能作连词，所以不能引导时间状语从句。
(2)meantime可以作名词和副词，比meanwhile更为普遍，但作为副词，不及meanwhile普遍。
7
During the Second World War, when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.(P25)
第二次世界大战期间，青霉素第一次被使用，这时美国海军正在致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。
①[2014·江西高考]ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.
ORBIS医学培训帮助把治疗眼睛疾病的技术教给了35000多名医生和护士，而这些医生和护士每年会治愈成千上万的盲人。
②[牛津词典]The doctors cured her of cancer.
医生治好了她的癌症。
③[人教⑥－3]One day, scientists will find a_cure_for AIDS.
总有一天科学家会找到治疗爱滋病的方法。
易混辨析
cure
意为“治愈，治好”，可直接跟人或疾病作宾语，有时用来指突然地、出乎意料地痊愈；也用于引申指人的生活习惯的纠正、矫正等，与介词of搭配，强调结果
treat
只指治病，不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是病，人作宾语时，病用for短语表示。用……药，用介词with，它强调“治疗”这一动作
heal
多用于治愈外伤，指伤口愈合
[一言辨异]
The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but didn't cure him.
医生用一种新药治疗了他的头疼，但他并未痊愈。
④用cure/treat/heal的适当形式填空
a．We make arrangements for her to be ________ by a famous doctor.
b．Moving to the country ________ her of the disease.
c．My foot still hadn't ________ from an earlier injury.
d．Which doctors are ________ her for her illness?
答案：a.treated B．cured
C．healed D．treating
8
You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa.(P27)
如果你持有的是学生签证，你就不被允许工作。
(1)permit sb. to_do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)permission n. 许可，允许
give permission 给予，许可
without permission 未经许可
①[2015·天津高考]No pets except fish are_permitted in student rooms.
除了鱼，其他宠物不许养在学生房间里。
②[2014·上海高考]If time permits,_I may go to Shanghai with my friends.
如果时间允许的话，我可能和我的朋友们去上海。
③He permitted_me_to_retake the test, and I pulled my grade to an A.
他允许我重新参加考试，我的成绩因此提高到了A。
④[牛津词典]We don't permit_smoking in the office.
在我们的办公室里不准吸烟。
⑤The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work.
在安息日我们可以不工作。
⑥[牛津词典]They entered the area without_permission.
他们未经许可擅入该地。
－特别提示－
permit后不能直接跟不定式，但应注意可以有be permitted to do sth.结构。与permit一样，后面直接跟动名词或跟不定式复合结构的动词还有：allow, forbid, advise等。
9
NASA declared that a rock from Mars proved...(P28)
美国国家航空航天局宣称，来自火星的一岩石表明……
(1)declare sb./sth.＋(to be) 声称/宣称/表明某人/某事是
declare for/against 声明支持/反对
declare war on 向……宣战
declare that... 宣布；宣告
(2)declaration n. 宣布；宣告
①[朗文词典]The bridge has been declared unsafe.
这座桥已经被宣布为危桥。
②If you have nothing to_declare,_go through the Green Channel.
如果你没有东西要申报，那就走绿色通道。
③[牛津词典]The commission declared_against the proposed scheme.
委员会反对所提的计划。
④[外研⑥－6]In September 1939, Britain declared_war_on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
1939年九月，在德国入侵波兰后，英国向德国宣战。
⑤[2013·辽宁高考]Some scientists declare_that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes.
一些科学家宣称，我们大部分的疲劳来自我们的精神和情感态度。
易混辨析
declare
指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判、意见等
announce
指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息
[一言辨异]
He announced to us that the government had declared that they would try every possible means to prevent the disease spreading throughout the country.
他向我们宣布政府已经声明他们会想尽一切办法去阻止疾病扩散到全国。
⑥用declare/announce的适当形式填空
a．Please remain seated, the winner of the prize will be ________ soon.
b．[牛津词典]She was ________ to be guilty.
c．[朗文词典]The US ________ war ________ England in 1812.
答案：a.announced B．declaredC．declared; on
过关演练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．[朗文词典]Two nurses assisted Dr Bernard in ________ (perform) the operation.
答案：performing assist sb. in doing sth. “帮助某人做某事”。
2．We are looking for people who would be willing to assist ________ the group's work.
答案：with assist with sth. “帮助做某事”。
3．John and James are brothers; the former is a teacher, the ________ is an engineer.
答案：latter the former...the latter “前者……后者”。
4．[牛津词典]Their accounts of events conflicts ________ ours.
答案：with conflict with sth. “与……不合/不一致”。
5．[朗文词典]Survivors of the crash were ________ (rescue) by helicopter.
答案：rescued 此处考查被动语态be rescued by “被……挽救”。
6．[朗文词典]Would you like ________ (donate) something to charity?
答案：to donate would like to do “想要做……”。
7．Please find a taxi and in the ________ I'll pack some food.
答案：meanwhile in the meanwhile “同时”。
8．[2013·天津高考]Mobile phone conversations are not ________ (permit) anywhere in the library.
答案：permitted 此处考查被动语态。
9．Did your dad give you ________ (permit) to use the car?
答案：permission give sb. sth. “给某人某物”，故此处应用名词形式。
10．[译林⑤－3]He has ________ (declare) that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
答案：declared 现在完成时，have/has＋动词的过去分词。
1
...we sent the questions to her programmers in advance.(P22)
……我们提前把问题送到她的编程人员那里。
(1)in advance (of) 预先；事先；事前
ahead_of time/schedule＝in advance
(2)advance on 价格或数量的增加；预付款
advances (to sb.) 亲近；拉关系
(3)advanced adj. 高级的；先进的，晚期的
①[2015·湖北高考]This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
这间会议室是无烟区，我想提前警告你，如果你在这里抽烟，你会被罚款。
②When students were told my rule in_advance_of the class, some of them were not happy.
当同学们在课前得知我的规矩后，他们中的一些人感到不快。
③[牛津词典]“Any advance on $20？”called the auctioneer.
拍卖人喊道，“二十美元，还有增加的吗？”
④[朗文词典]By this time, the disease was too far advanced to be treated.
这时，疾病正发生到晚期，无法医治了。
2
I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away.(P23)
恐怕孩子们会把这整件事说出去。
图解助记
①[2013·辽宁高考]We have given_away half of what we owned through websites.
我们已经通过网站把我们所有的东西捐出了一半了。
②Would they give_away their chance to win the game?
他们会放弃赢得比赛的机会吗？
③[北师大⑥－17]I'll never give your secrets away again.
我决不会再泄露你的秘密。
④[牛津词典]The mayor gave_away the prizes at the school sports day.
市长在学校运动会上颁发奖品。
⑤[朗文词典]If you feel the need for a cigarette, don't give_in_to it.
如果你感到想吸烟，一定要忍住。
⑥[人教⑥－3]It's difficult to give_up smoking.
戒烟可不容易。
⑦[牛津词典]This fire doesn't seem to be giving_off much heat.
这炉火好像不太热。
⑧[朗文词典]He stood on the corner, giving_out flyers.
他站在角落里散发传单。
3
His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.(P23)
他在公司里投资的唯一理由就是接管它。
①[2013·辽宁高考]Briggs will take_over as general manager when Mitchell retires.
米切尔退休后，布里格斯将接任总经理一职。
②[牛津词典]Has the Party been taken_over by extremists?
该党是否已被极端分子控制？
③[朗文词典]His son will take_over the business.
他的儿子将接管这家公司。
④My writing career took_off when I discovered my own style.
在找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有了起色。
⑤[外研③－4]Trees take_in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
树木吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气。
⑥Rogers took_up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
罗杰斯学了一段时间的绘画，但很快便失去了兴趣。
⑦[朗文词典]Once we had children, Christmas took_on a different sort of importance.
我们一有了孩子，圣诞节的重要性就不一样了。
⑧[人教②－1]The old man saw some Germans taking_apart the Amber Room and removing it.
老人看到一些德国人把琥珀屋拆掉后搬走了。
⑨The house I grew up in has been taken_down and replaced by an office building.
我小时候住的那所房子已被拆除，取而代之的是一座办公楼。
过关演练
选词填空
1．If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will ________ him ________ during the day.
答案：give; away
2．Reserve your ticket ________ by calling our telephone hot line.
答案：in advance
3．The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was ________ on the radio yesterday.
答案：given out
4．I ________ it ________ a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their product.
答案：take; as
5．[牛津词典]Peter will ________ as managing director when Bill retires.
答案：take over
1 By the year 2015， the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.(P20)
到2015年，服装业将生产出各种新型布料，无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污渍。
by the year 2015是“by＋时间点”构成的介词短语，表示“到……时候”。这一结构通常用于完成时态的句子中作时间状语。
(1)by＋表示将来的时间点，句子谓语动词常用将来完成时，表示到将来某一时间已经完成的动作。
(2)by＋表示过去的时间点，句子谓语动词常用过去完成时，表示到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。
－特别提示－
by now, by this time, by the end of等都与完成时态连用。
①By_the_end_of_last_year,_my vocabulary had_grown to 3,000 words.
到去年末，我的词汇量已达到了三千。
②By the time she got there, Jim had_left for Paris.
她到这儿的时候，吉姆已经去巴黎了。
③[牛津词典]By the time (that) this letter reaches you I'll_have_left the country.
你接到这封信时，我已离开这个国家了。
④He will_have_finished writing his novel by_the_end_of_next _year.
到明年年底他将写完他的小说。
2 Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology， whether lucky or planned， the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.(P25)
没有科技上的这些尖端突破，无论是好运带来的还是按计划取得的，我们今天的世界将完全是另一个样子。
without在本句中表示一个假设的条件，后面的主句中用“would＋have done”表示对过去的虚拟。
(1)当虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”，主句的谓语动词用“would/could/should＋动词原形”构成。
(2)像这样表假设条件的介词还有but for；连词or, otherwise，它们引导的句子在英语中称为含蓄条件句。
①Without your help, I would_have_failed in the examination.
没有你的帮助，我可能就通不过考试。
②Without appropriate software, a computer would_be a mere box.
如果没有恰当的软件，电脑只是一个盒子。
③But_for your kind help, I wouldn't_have_succeeded in passing the driving test.
要不是你的好心帮助，我就不可能通过驾驶考试了。
④[2014·江西高考]Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't_have_found it otherwise.
谢谢你为我们指明去那所房子的路，否则我们是找不到的。
过关演练
完成句子
1．He __________ writing his book by the end of last year.
去年年底前他写完了他的书。
答案：had finished
2．By five o'clock tomorrow afternoon, I will already ________ all the work.
到明天下午五点，我将完成所有的工作。
答案：have finished
3．[牛津词典]But for the rain, we ________ a nice holiday.
要不是下雨，我们的假日一定过得很惬意。
答案：would have had
4．Without his timely rescue, the boy ________.
如果没有他的及时帮助，这个男孩就死了。
答案：would have died
将来时&代词
将来时
1．表示客观上将要发生的动作等通常用“will＋动词原形”。
①[2015·安徽高考]It's reported that a space station ________ on the moon in years to come.
据报道来年将在月球建太空站。
答案：will be built
2．在状语从句中现在时表将来。
②[2015·湖南高考]That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ________， who is to say that another person will.
这就是我帮助照亮人们日子的原因。如果你不这样做，那么还有谁会这样做呢？
答案：don't
区分代词it, that, one
1．it指代已提及的事物、动植物和婴儿等；指在场的人或电话中的通话者；作形式主语或形式宾语；构成强调句型。
③[2014·大纲全国卷]—Who's that at the door?
—________ is the milkman.
答案：It
④________ felt funny watching myself on TV.
答案：It
2．one代替前面出现过的可数名词，表示同类中的一个；代表任何人，表示泛指。
⑤Christie was ________ of my best friends at high school.
克里斯蒂是我高中时期最好的朋友之一。
答案：one
3．that指代前面出现过的不可数名词或可数名词单数，表示特指。指代单数可数名词时相当于the one。
⑥The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ________ spoken in England.
美国英语和英国英语只有一些细微的差别。
答案：that
过关演练
Ⅰ.用it/one/that填空
1．[2014·浙江高考]An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
答案：it it指代an average of just 18.75 cm of rain。
2．To be happy, ________ must keep busy and think about positive things.
答案：one one泛指一个人。
3．If you are buying today's paper from stand, could you get _______ for me?
答案：one 指代同类中的一份。
4．The weather in Beijing is much colder than ________ in Shanghai.
答案：that 指代前面出现的不可数名词the weather。
Ⅱ.用括号内单词的正确形式填空
5．[2015·福建高考]Train yourself to “bite your tongue”， and with a little practice, you ________ (get) really good at letting things go.
答案：will get 祈使句＋and..., and后的句子用一般将来时。
6．[2013·江西高考]She says that she will have to close the shop unless business ________ (improve)．
答案：improves unless引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时。
[话题素材]
好词
1．solve v. 解决
2．absorb v. 吸收
3．observe v. 观察；遵守；庆祝
4．knowledge n. 知识
5．explore vt. 探索；探险→exploration n. 探测；探究
6．serious adj. 严重的
7．comfortable adj. 舒适的
8．with the development of 随着……的发展
9．science and technology 科技
10．make a difference 起作用
11．in the meantime 同时
12．growing rapidly 迅速发展
佳句
1．I was so angry that I rushed out, leaving him sitting there with pale face.
我非常生气，冲了出去，留下他坐在那儿，脸色发白。
2．Neither will_he_go home nor will he go to school.
他既不愿回家，也不愿去上学。
[精美语篇]
We are now living in an information age, in which TV, cells and the Web are widely used. It seems that many people can't enjoy themselves without them.
However, if I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell or cut off the Internet. I could do without TV because few shows take my fancy and there're too many commercials. Besides, most programs on TV are also available elsewhere.
As for cells and the Web, they are more necessary to me because a cell can make me keep in touch with my friends and family while the Internet can provide me with almost all information.
高频单词
1．assist (vt.) 帮助；协助→assistance (n.) 帮助；协助→assistant (n.) 助手；助理
2．technical (adj.) 技术上的→technique (n.) 技术
3．latter (n.) 后者→former (n.) 前者
4．shortly (adv.) 不久；很快
5．update (vt.) 更新
6．worn (adj.) 磨损的→wear (vt.) 穿；佩戴；磨损；留；蓄
7．starvation (n.) 饥饿→starve (v.) 挨饿
8．conflict (n.) 争执；冲突 (v.) 冲突；抵触
9．equality (n.) 平等→equal (adj.) 平等的 (v.) 等于
10．assess (vt.) 评价；评估→assessment (n.) 评价；评估
11．electronic (adj.) 电子的→electric (adj.) 电的；用电的→electrical (adj.) 电的；电气科学的
12．specialist (n.) 专家→special (adj.) 专门的；特殊的
13．rescue (vt.) 拯救；救援→rescuer (n.) 救援者
14．instructor (n.) 指导者；教练→instruct (v.) 指导；教导
15．donate (vt.) 捐赠；赠送→donation (n.) 捐赠；赠送→donator (n.) 捐赠者
16．meanwhile (adv.) 同时
17．cure (vt.) 治愈
18．exploration (n.) 探测，探险→explore (vt.) 探测，探险
19．permanent (adj.) 长久的，永久的
20．permit (vt.) 允许；准许；许可→permit (n.) 许可证→permission (n.) 允许；准许
21．declare (vt.) 宣告；宣布→declaration (n.) 宣布
22．poisonous (adj.) 有毒的→poison (n.) 毒物；毒药
重点短语
1．in_advance 提前，预先
2．be_based_on 以……为基础
3．make_up_for 弥补
4．donate...to... 捐……给……
5．shortly_after 不久后
6．give_away 泄露(秘密)
7．take_over 接收，接管
8．figure_out 计算出；解决出
9．wrestle_with_something 努力解决难以处理的事物
10．participate_in 参加
11．not to mention 更不用说
12．come into conflict 发生冲突
13．drop off 下降；减少
14．be dedicated to 致力于；献身于
15．due to 因为
16．rather than 而不是
热点句型
1．“by＋时间点”常与完成时连用
By the year 2015, the clothing industry will_have_produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.(教材P20)
到2015年，服装业将生产出各种新型布料，无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污迹。
2．be doing...when... “正在……这时……”
In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was_rocking his oneyearold baby when he was suddenly inspired.(教材P24)
1905年夏天，这位率直的年轻人正摇晃他一岁的婴儿时，他突然有了灵感。
3．There's no doubt about/that...“毫无疑问……”
There's_no_doubt_about it.(教材P25)
对此应该深信不疑。
4．否定词＋比较级表示最高级的含义
At this time of year, there is nowhere_better_than the unspoilt countryside of South Shropshire. (教材P29)
在每年这个时节，没有哪里比自然淳朴的南什罗浦乡下更好了。
教材复现
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Over the centuries, people have always ________ (wonder) about the future.
答案：wondered
2．Some like to read fantasy stories and imagine what the world will be like ________ 10,50 or even 1,000 year's time.
答案：in
3．Many people will attend the seminar with dreams of starting new enterprises ________ (base) on the predictions they will hear this weekend.
答案：based
4．By the year 2025, no one will die of ________ (starve) because there will be food for everyone.
答案：starvation
5．________ the middle of the century, computers that are millions of times smarter than us will have been developed.
答案：By
6．________ (amaze) discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world.
答案：Amazing
7．Although ________ is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
答案：it
8．Einstein had already become worldfamous when a young exlawyer, ________ (return) from the First World War, started work in California.
答案：returning
9．In 1929, another farreaching ________ (find) was made by the son of a Scottish shepherd.
答案：finding
10．These pioneers of the 20th century were all ________ (dedicate) to improving the quality of human life on earth.
答案：dedicated
1
The new international crew are planning to take over from the existing one and assist with...(P19)
新的国际机组全体人员正计划要接管现有的一架飞机并协助……
帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助
go/come to one's assistance 帮助某人
with the assistance of 在……帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手，助理，助教；店员
①[2013·天津高考]For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.
多年来，为了帮助在洛厄尔天文台的宇航员，亚利桑那州的佛莱斯达在它的城市实行照明条例。
②[牛津词典]The head teacher's deputy assists_with many of his duties.
副校长帮助校长做了很多工作。
③I swam to Dad quickly and assisted him in_climbing/to_climb onto the boat.
我迅速游向父亲，并协助他爬到船上。
④[译林⑧－3]With_the_assistance_of his brother, he sold one painting.
在弟弟的帮助下，他卖掉了一幅画。
2
In the 18th and 19th centuries, especially the latter, the most common theme in science fiction novels was the future.(P20)
在18和19世纪，特别是19世纪，科幻小说最常见的主题是未来。
(1)the former...，the latter... 前者……，后者……
(2)the latter_part 后部分
the latter_point 后一点
the latter_year 晚年
①[2013·福建高考]Jack and Bill are twins, but the_former is taller than the_latter.
杰克和比尔是孪生兄弟，但前者比后者高。
②[人教⑦－1]Listen to the latter part of Barry's story.
听巴里讲述故事的后半部分。
易混辨析
late
指比预料的或正常的时间晚，意思是“迟的，晚的(地)”
lately
副词，意思是“近来，最近”，相当于recently，常与完成时态连用
latest
是形容词表示“最近的，最新的”
later
为副词，多用于时间上，指与过去某一时间点相比，“更后地，更晚地；后来；以后”
latter
表示两事物之间的顺序，意为“后一个/后者”，与former(前者)相对，常用于“the former..., the latter...”结构中
续表
[一言辨异]
Though I haven't heard much more latest news about him, I know from his teacher that lately he has always been late for school. Later,_I know from his classmates that he is late for either helping his mum with farming or playing computer games in the net bar. I think the chances of the latter are much more.
虽然我听到关于他的最新消息不多，但我从他老师那里了解到，最近他总上课迟到。我从他同学处了解到，他迟到或因帮他妈妈干农活，或因在网吧玩游戏。我认为后者的可能性要大。
③用late/later/lately/latest/latter填空
a．By the time he realizes he has walked into a trap, it will be too ________ for him to do anything about it.
b．[外研⑤－7]You look as if you went to bed ________ last night.
c．[译林②－1]Hi, John. I haven't heard much from you ________.
d．Eating breakfast ke you from overeating ________ in the day.
e．The match has been postponed a ________ date.
f．[北师大④－1] We want to hear all about the ________ events and happenings in our school.
答案：a.late b．late
c．lately d．later
e．later f．latest
3
There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality.(P20)
所以将不会再有任何冲突，人们将能够在和平与平等中生活在一起。
(1)A和B相冲突
(2)与……冲突/争执
in conflict处于冲突中
conflict between A and B A和B之间的矛盾
①[朗文词典]The new evidence conflicts_with the findings from previous studies.
新证据与先行研究的结果相矛盾。
②A small conflict can lead to violence.
一个小小的矛盾可能会引发暴力。
③[朗文词典]The two groups have been in_conflict_with each other for years.
这两个团体之间多年来一直有冲突。
4
Dave also goes outside the ship to rescue Frank, and HAL refuses to let him back in.(P23)
戴维也到轮船外面去营救法兰克，而HAL拒绝让他回去。
(1)rescue sb./sth. from (doing) sth./sb.＝save sb./sth. from (doing) sth./sb. 从……救出某物/某人
(2)come/go to sb.'s rescue 援救某人
the rescue team 救援队
①[朗文词典]He rescued two people from the fire.
他从火中救出两人。
②[牛津词典]You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.
是你给我解了围。
③[2013·北京高考]This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.
这个月葛瑞丝将出演《海豚的传说》，一部聚焦她被营救和康复的电影。
④[朗文词典]A nearby boat came to the rescue.
附近的一条船进行了救援。
5
Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones.(P24)
医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。
(1)donate sth. to sb. 向某人捐献某物
donate blood 献血
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物；捐款
give/make/present a donation to... 向……捐赠
(3)donator n. 捐赠者
①Many people have donated that type of blood.
很多人已经捐献了那种类型的血。
②The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake.
这位退休老人把大部分积蓄都捐给了被地震毁坏的那所学校。
③[朗文词典]Our school donated $500 to the Red Cross.
我们学校向红十字会捐款500美元。
④[朗文词典]Please make_a_donation_to UNICEF.
请向联合国儿童基金会捐款。
易混辨析
donate
一般表示捐钱和献血，只用作及物动词
contribute
主要指“贡献”，通常指贡献财力、物力、智力等。表示“促成”、“起作用”、“投稿”的意思
相同：二者均可表示“捐献”，后面可接to。表示捐钱或衣物时，二者可互换作用
⑤用donate/contribute的适当形式填空
a．[2013·江苏高考改编]It's more meaningful to ________ books and sports goods to children in need.
b．Many people have ________ that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs more.
c．I believe that each of us can ________ to the future of the world.
d．Honesty and hard work ________ to success and happiness.
e．The scientist often ________ to an academic journal.
答案：a.donate/contribute b．donated c．contribute
d．contribute e．contributes
6
We started flying around the world and meanwhile, scientists figured out how to split the atom...(P24)
我们开始在世界各地飞行，而同时科学家们也搞清楚了如何分解原子……
①[2014·山东高考]Meanwhile,_Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog.
同时，安去便利店买了一些宠物食品，警告她的两个儿子不要喜欢上这条狗。
②[2013·浙江高考]It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. In_the_meanwhile,_I'll set the table.
如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就太好了。与此同时，我也会摆好餐具的。
③I was in the kitchen cleaning up. Meanwhile,_Ray was in the living room, watching.
我在厨房打扫卫生，此时雷却在客厅看电视。
－特别提示－
(1)meanwhile可以作名词和副词，但不能作连词，所以不能引导时间状语从句。
(2)meantime可以作名词和副词，比meanwhile更为普遍，但作为副词，不及meanwhile普遍。
7
During the Second World War, when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.(P25)
第二次世界大战期间，青霉素第一次被使用，这时美国海军正在致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。
①[2014·江西高考]ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.
ORBIS医学培训帮助把治疗眼睛疾病的技术教给了35000多名医生和护士，而这些医生和护士每年会治愈成千上万的盲人。
②[牛津词典]The doctors cured her of cancer.
医生治好了她的癌症。
③[人教⑥－3]One day, scientists will find a_cure_for AIDS.
总有一天科学家会找到治疗爱滋病的方法。
易混辨析
cure
意为“治愈，治好”，可直接跟人或疾病作宾语，有时用来指突然地、出乎意料地痊愈；也用于引申指人的生活习惯的纠正、矫正等，与介词of搭配，强调结果
treat
只指治病，不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是病，人作宾语时，病用for短语表示。用……药，用介词with，它强调“治疗”这一动作
heal
多用于治愈外伤，指伤口愈合
[一言辨异]
The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but didn't cure him.
医生用一种新药治疗了他的头疼，但他并未痊愈。
④用cure/treat/heal的适当形式填空
a．We make arrangements for her to be ________ by a famous doctor.
b．Moving to the country ________ her of the disease.
c．My foot still hadn't ________ from an earlier injury.
d．Which doctors are ________ her for her illness?
答案：a.treated B．cured
C．healed D．treating
8
You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa.(P27)
如果你持有的是学生签证，你就不被允许工作。
(1)permit sb. to_do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)permission n. 许可，允许
give permission 给予，许可
without permission 未经许可
①[2015·天津高考]No pets except fish are_permitted in student rooms.
除了鱼，其他宠物不许养在学生房间里。
②[2014·上海高考]If time permits,_I may go to Shanghai with my friends.
如果时间允许的话，我可能和我的朋友们去上海。
③He permitted_me_to_retake the test, and I pulled my grade to an A.
他允许我重新参加考试，我的成绩因此提高到了A。
④[牛津词典]We don't permit_smoking in the office.
在我们的办公室里不准吸烟。
⑤The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work.
在安息日我们可以不工作。
⑥[牛津词典]They entered the area without_permission.
他们未经许可擅入该地。
－特别提示－
permit后不能直接跟不定式，但应注意可以有be permitted to do sth.结构。与permit一样，后面直接跟动名词或跟不定式复合结构的动词还有：allow, forbid, advise等。
9
NASA declared that a rock from Mars proved...(P28)
美国国家航空航天局宣称，来自火星的一岩石表明……
(1)declare sb./sth.＋(to be) 声称/宣称/表明某人/某事是
declare for/against 声明支持/反对
declare war on 向……宣战
declare that... 宣布；宣告
(2)declaration n. 宣布；宣告
①[朗文词典]The bridge has been declared unsafe.
这座桥已经被宣布为危桥。
②If you have nothing to_declare,_go through the Green Channel.
如果你没有东西要申报，那就走绿色通道。
③[牛津词典]The commission declared_against the proposed scheme.
委员会反对所提的计划。
④[外研⑥－6]In September 1939, Britain declared_war_on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
1939年九月，在德国入侵波兰后，英国向德国宣战。
⑤[2013·辽宁高考]Some scientists declare_that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes.
一些科学家宣称，我们大部分的疲劳来自我们的精神和情感态度。
易混辨析
declare
指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判、意见等
announce
指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息
[一言辨异]
He announced to us that the government had declared that they would try every possible means to prevent the disease spreading throughout the country.
他向我们宣布政府已经声明他们会想尽一切办法去阻止疾病扩散到全国。
⑥用declare/announce的适当形式填空
a．Please remain seated, the winner of the prize will be ________ soon.
b．[牛津词典]She was ________ to be guilty.
c．[朗文词典]The US ________ war ________ England in 1812.
答案：a.announced B．declaredC．declared; on
过关演练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．[朗文词典]Two nurses assisted Dr Bernard in ________ (perform) the operation.
答案：performing assist sb. in doing sth. “帮助某人做某事”。
2．We are looking for people who would be willing to assist ________ the group's work.
答案：with assist with sth. “帮助做某事”。
3．John and James are brothers; the former is a teacher, the ________ is an engineer.
答案：latter the former...the latter “前者……后者”。
4．[牛津词典]Their accounts of events conflicts ________ ours.
答案：with conflict with sth. “与……不合/不一致”。
5．[朗文词典]Survivors of the crash were ________ (rescue) by helicopter.
答案：rescued 此处考查被动语态be rescued by “被……挽救”。
6．[朗文词典]Would you like ________ (donate) something to charity?
答案：to donate would like to do “想要做……”。
7．Please find a taxi and in the ________ I'll pack some food.
答案：meanwhile in the meanwhile “同时”。
8．[2013·天津高考]Mobile phone conversations are not ________ (permit) anywhere in the library.
答案：permitted 此处考查被动语态。
9．Did your dad give you ________ (permit) to use the car?
答案：permission give sb. sth. “给某人某物”，故此处应用名词形式。
10．[译林⑤－3]He has ________ (declare) that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
答案：declared 现在完成时，have/has＋动词的过去分词。
1
...we sent the questions to her programmers in advance.(P22)
……我们提前把问题送到她的编程人员那里。
(1)in advance (of) 预先；事先；事前
ahead_of time/schedule＝in advance
(2)advance on 价格或数量的增加；预付款
advances (to sb.) 亲近；拉关系
(3)advanced adj. 高级的；先进的，晚期的
①[2015·湖北高考]This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
这间会议室是无烟区，我想提前警告你，如果你在这里抽烟，你会被罚款。
②When students were told my rule in_advance_of the class, some of them were not happy.
当同学们在课前得知我的规矩后，他们中的一些人感到不快。
③[牛津词典]“Any advance on $20？”called the auctioneer.
拍卖人喊道，“二十美元，还有增加的吗？”
④[朗文词典]By this time, the disease was too far advanced to be treated.
这时，疾病正发生到晚期，无法医治了。
2
I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away.(P23)
恐怕孩子们会把这整件事说出去。
图解助记
①[2013·辽宁高考]We have given_away half of what we owned through websites.
我们已经通过网站把我们所有的东西捐出了一半了。
②Would they give_away their chance to win the game?
他们会放弃赢得比赛的机会吗？
③[北师大⑥－17]I'll never give your secrets away again.
我决不会再泄露你的秘密。
④[牛津词典]The mayor gave_away the prizes at the school sports day.
市长在学校运动会上颁发奖品。
⑤[朗文词典]If you feel the need for a cigarette, don't give_in_to it.
如果你感到想吸烟，一定要忍住。
⑥[人教⑥－3]It's difficult to give_up smoking.
戒烟可不容易。
⑦[牛津词典]This fire doesn't seem to be giving_off much heat.
这炉火好像不太热。
⑧[朗文词典]He stood on the corner, giving_out flyers.
他站在角落里散发传单。
3
His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.(P23)
他在公司里投资的唯一理由就是接管它。
①[2013·辽宁高考]Briggs will take_over as general manager when Mitchell retires.
米切尔退休后，布里格斯将接任总经理一职。
②[牛津词典]Has the Party been taken_over by extremists?
该党是否已被极端分子控制？
③[朗文词典]His son will take_over the business.
他的儿子将接管这家公司。
④My writing career took_off when I discovered my own style.
在找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有了起色。
⑤[外研③－4]Trees take_in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
树木吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气。
⑥Rogers took_up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
罗杰斯学了一段时间的绘画，但很快便失去了兴趣。
⑦[朗文词典]Once we had children, Christmas took_on a different sort of importance.
我们一有了孩子，圣诞节的重要性就不一样了。
⑧[人教②－1]The old man saw some Germans taking_apart the Amber Room and removing it.
老人看到一些德国人把琥珀屋拆掉后搬走了。
⑨The house I grew up in has been taken_down and replaced by an office building.
我小时候住的那所房子已被拆除，取而代之的是一座办公楼。
过关演练
选词填空
1．If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will ________ him ________ during the day.
答案：give; away
2．Reserve your ticket ________ by calling our telephone hot line.
答案：in advance
3．The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was ________ on the radio yesterday.
答案：given out
4．I ________ it ________ a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their product.
答案：take; as
5．[牛津词典]Peter will ________ as managing director when Bill retires.
答案：take over
1 By the year 2015， the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.(P20)
到2015年，服装业将生产出各种新型布料，无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污渍。
by the year 2015是“by＋时间点”构成的介词短语，表示“到……时候”。这一结构通常用于完成时态的句子中作时间状语。
(1)by＋表示将来的时间点，句子谓语动词常用将来完成时，表示到将来某一时间已经完成的动作。
(2)by＋表示过去的时间点，句子谓语动词常用过去完成时，表示到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。
－特别提示－
by now, by this time, by the end of等都与完成时态连用。
①By_the_end_of_last_year,_my vocabulary had_grown to 3,000 words.
到去年末，我的词汇量已达到了三千。
②By the time she got there, Jim had_left for Paris.
她到这儿的时候，吉姆已经去巴黎了。
③[牛津词典]By the time (that) this letter reaches you I'll_have_left the country.
你接到这封信时，我已离开这个国家了。
④He will_have_finished writing his novel by_the_end_of_next _year.
到明年年底他将写完他的小说。
2 Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology， whether lucky or planned， the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.(P25)
没有科技上的这些尖端突破，无论是好运带来的还是按计划取得的，我们今天的世界将完全是另一个样子。
without在本句中表示一个假设的条件，后面的主句中用“would＋have done”表示对过去的虚拟。
(1)当虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”，主句的谓语动词用“would/could/should＋动词原形”构成。
(2)像这样表假设条件的介词还有but for；连词or, otherwise，它们引导的句子在英语中称为含蓄条件句。
①Without your help, I would_have_failed in the examination.
没有你的帮助，我可能就通不过考试。
②Without appropriate software, a computer would_be a mere box.
如果没有恰当的软件，电脑只是一个盒子。
③But_for your kind help, I wouldn't_have_succeeded in passing the driving test.
要不是你的好心帮助，我就不可能通过驾驶考试了。
④[2014·江西高考]Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't_have_found it otherwise.
谢谢你为我们指明去那所房子的路，否则我们是找不到的。
过关演练
完成句子
1．He __________ writing his book by the end of last year.
去年年底前他写完了他的书。
答案：had finished
2．By five o'clock tomorrow afternoon, I will already ________ all the work.
到明天下午五点，我将完成所有的工作。
答案：have finished
3．[牛津词典]But for the rain, we ________ a nice holiday.
要不是下雨，我们的假日一定过得很惬意。
答案：would have had
4．Without his timely rescue, the boy ________.
如果没有他的及时帮助，这个男孩就死了。
答案：would have died
将来时&代词
将来时
1．表示客观上将要发生的动作等通常用“will＋动词原形”。
①[2015·安徽高考]It's reported that a space station ________ on the moon in years to come.
据报道来年将在月球建太空站。
答案：will be built
2．在状语从句中现在时表将来。
②[2015·湖南高考]That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ________， who is to say that another person will.
这就是我帮助照亮人们日子的原因。如果你不这样做，那么还有谁会这样做呢？
答案：don't
区分代词it, that, one
1．it指代已提及的事物、动植物和婴儿等；指在场的人或电话中的通话者；作形式主语或形式宾语；构成强调句型。
③[2014·大纲全国卷]—Who's that at the door?
—________ is the milkman.
答案：It
④________ felt funny watching myself on TV.
答案：It
2．one代替前面出现过的可数名词，表示同类中的一个；代表任何人，表示泛指。
⑤Christie was ________ of my best friends at high school.
克里斯蒂是我高中时期最好的朋友之一。
答案：one
3．that指代前面出现过的不可数名词或可数名词单数，表示特指。指代单数可数名词时相当于the one。
⑥The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ________ spoken in England.
美国英语和英国英语只有一些细微的差别。
答案：that
过关演练
Ⅰ.用it/one/that填空
1．[2014·浙江高考]An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
答案：it it指代an average of just 18.75 cm of rain。
2．To be happy, ________ must keep busy and think about positive things.
答案：one one泛指一个人。
3．If you are buying today's paper from stand, could you get _______ for me?
答案：one 指代同类中的一份。
4．The weather in Beijing is much colder than ________ in Shanghai.
答案：that 指代前面出现的不可数名词the weather。
Ⅱ.用括号内单词的正确形式填空
5．[2015·福建高考]Train yourself to “bite your tongue”， and with a little practice, you ________ (get) really good at letting things go.
答案：will get 祈使句＋and..., and后的句子用一般将来时。
6．[2013·江西高考]She says that she will have to close the shop unless business ________ (improve)．
答案：improves unless引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时。
相关教案
高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修8 Unit 24 Society Word版含解析： 这是一份高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修8 Unit 24 Society Word版含解析，共15页。
高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修8 Unit 23 Conflict Word版含解析： 这是一份高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修8 Unit 23 Conflict Word版含解析，共15页。
高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修7 Unit 21 Human Biology Word版含解析： 这是一份高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修7 Unit 21 Human Biology Word版含解析，共16页。
