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北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking课时作业
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这是一份北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking课时作业，共6页。
(建议用时：8分钟)
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．He ffered the bys sme cffee. They ________(拒绝) plitely.
2．He lst his leg when he was ten, but learned t ________(克服) his handicap.
3．This is certainly a ________(理论的) risk but in practice there is seldm a prblem.
4．Wrkers in big firms receive a substantial part f their pay in the frm f ________(奖金) and vertime.
5．This ________(宏伟的) building in the centre f twn used t be the hub f the capital’s scial life.
6．Arrws wuld cntinue t fly frward frever in a straight line were it nt fr ________ (重力), which brings them dwn t earth.
【答案】1．declined 2．vercme 3．theretical 4．bnuses 5．grand 6．gravity
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．Nw yu can get the ________(decline) f the sun with the next frmula.
2．The night befre the test I ________(vercme) by fear and despair.
3．It is ________(theretical) pssible fr him t verrule their decisin, but highly unlikely.
4．Lcke thught that yu culd prve the existence f Gd by a srt f ________ (csmlgy) argument.
【答案】1．declinatin 2．was vercme 3．theretically 4．csmlgical
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．Nw I can walk t wrk ________________ ging by car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
2．Yu watch. Things will ________________ befre they get better.
你瞧着吧。事情会先变糟，然后再好转。
3．They are firm friends ________________________ temperamental differences.
他们尽管性格不同，但仍然友情甚笃。
4．He is able t __________ pursue his gal f becming an actr.
他能够继续追求他成为演员的目标。
5．A ppular band is playing ________________________________ a new nightclub in a nearby city.
一个热门乐团要在附近城里一家夜总会的开幕典礼上表演。
6．Victims want t see justice dne ____________________________ themselves, but fr the greater gd f sciety.
受害者们希望看到正义得到伸张，这不仅是为了他们自己， 也是为了社会更大的利益。
7． At this ________________， the pandemic can be characterized glbally as being mderate in severity.
在早期阶段，这次疫情在全球的特征是严重程度为温和。
【答案】1．instead f 2．get wrse 3．in spite f 4．cntinue t 5．at the pening f 6．nt just fr 7．early stage
题组B 提升练
(建议用时：25分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Are peple happier in nature with blue skies verhead and fresh green grass underft? Culd nisy streets, crwded with cars and peple, make us unhappy?
The pssible mental health prblems f city living affect a lt f peple. The Wrld Health Organizatin estimates that 56 percent f the wrld’s ppulatin lived in urban areas in 2019． The WHO adds that that amunt will increase t 66 percent by 2050． Peple ften mve t cities fr better jbs and mre cultural activities. But are they putting themselves at risk? Maybe. Experts at the American Psychiatry Assciatin say that “natural envirnments r green spaces” d much gd t ur mental health.
Many studies have shwn that nature can calm us and make us feel happy. Nature, experts say, can als help us learn better. And experiencing nature helps peple recver frm the mental tiredness that cmes frm day-t-day wrk. On the ther hand, mental health experts say sme research suggests that city living might hurt ur mental health. But they cannt say exactly why.
What are the specific aspects f the urban envirnment which cause sme peple t develp mental illness? Andrea Mechelli, a dctr at Kings Cllege, Lndn, states, “There have been studies where peple were literally taken ut f an urban envirnment int a rural envirnment and their symptms wuld imprve. And we als see that the greater the city is, the greater the risk is. ” Mechelli says that smene wh lives in a city is three times mre likely t develp psychlgical prblem than smene living in the cuntry.
Kings Cllege researchers, alng with city planners, land and building designers and thers wanted t learn mre abut city living and mental illness. S, they created a smartphne app called Urban Mind. They said they wanted t understand hw different parts f the urban envirnment affect mental well-being.
The researchers fund that being utdrs, seeing trees, hearing birdsng, seeing the sky, and feeling in cntact with nature were assciated with higher levels f mental well-being. They als fund that these seeming effects f nature were especially strng in thse individuals at greater risk f mental health prblems. The Urban Mind Prject team says it hpes “the results will infrm future urban planning and scial plicy aimed at imprving design and health. ”
( )1． Why is the questin raised in the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce the tpic f the text.
B．T shw the backgrund f the text.
C．T ask the readers t learn the study.
D．T raise the readers’ interest in happiness.
( )2． What des Mechelli find during his study?
A．Peple are attracted by the blue skies and green grass.
B．Peple are mre cntent with their city life.
C．Mre and mre peple are interested in taking risks in cities.
D．City peple are mre likely t develp mental prblems than cuntry peple.
( )3． What is expected f the Urban Mind research result?
A．Mre peple will chse t live in the cuntryside.
B．It will bring mre cncern abut peple’s mental health.
C．It will cntribute t future urban planning and scial plicies.
D．Peple will be helped t imprve their mental illness.
( )4． What is the main idea f the text?
A．Urban Mind measures the level f mental well-being.
B．City living may be harmful t peple’s mental health.
C．Living in the cuntryside is better than in the city.
D．Different scientists hld different pinins n the effects f city living.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现，城市生活可能对人的精神健康有害，而自然的环境或绿色空间则对精神健康有好处。
1．A 推理判断题。根据下文的主要内容，尤其是第二段的 “The pssible mental health prblems f city living affect a lt f peple(城市生活可能带来的精神健康问题影响着很多人)．”可推测，第一段两个问题的作用是引出下文关于城市生活可能会影响人精神健康的话题。故选A项。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Mechelli says that smene wh lives in a city is three times mre likely t develp psychlgical prblem than smene living in the cuntry. ”可知，Mechelli发现住在城市的人患心理疾病的可能性是住在农村的人的三倍。故选D项。
3．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “The Urban Mind Prject team says it hpes ’the results’ will infrm future urban planning and scial plicy aimed at imprving design and health (城市思维项目团队表示，他们希望’这些结果’将为未来的城市规划和旨在改善设计和健康的社会政策提供信息)．”可知，“城市思维”项目的研究成果有望对未来的城市规划和社会政策做出贡献。故选C项。
4．B 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的 “The pssible mental health prblems f city living affect a lt f peple. 和 Peple ften mve t cities fr better jbs and mre cultural activities. But are they putting themselves at risk? Maybe(城市生活可能带来的精神健康问题影响着很多人。人们通常为了更好的工作和文化活动搬进城市，但他们正在让自己处于危险中吗？或许是这样的)．”可知，本文主要讲述城市生活可能对人的精神健康是有害的。故选B项。
Ⅱ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The little by
A little by selling magazines fr schl walked up t a huse that peple rarely visited. The huse was very ld and shabby and the wner hardly ever came ut. When he did cme ut, he wuld nt say hell t his neighburs r passers-by but simply just glare at them.
The by kncked n the dr and waited, sweating frm fear f the ld man. The by’s parents tld him t stay away frm the huse, and a lt f the ther neighburhd children were tld the same thing frm their parents.
Dust fund the by lingering n and hesitating what t d. As he was ready t walk away, the dr slwly pened. “What d yu want？” the ld man said impatiently. The little by was very afraid but he had a quta(份额) t meet fr schl with selling the magazines. S he gt up the curage and said, “Uh, sir, I am selling these magazines and uh, I was wndering if yu wuld like t buy ne frm me. ”
The ld man just stared at the by withut a wrd. The by culd see inside the ld man’s huse and saw that he had dg figurines(小雕像) n the fireplace mantle. “D yu cllect dgs？” The little by asked. “Yes, I have many cllectins in my huse. They are my family here and they are all I have. ” The by then felt srry fr the man, as it seemed that he was a very lnely sul.
“Well, I d have a magazine here fr cllectrs. It is perfect fr yu. I als have ne abut dgs since yu like dgs s much. ” The ld man was ready t clse the dr n the by and said, “N, by. I dn’t need any magazines f any kind, nw gdbye. ”
The little by was sad that he was nt ging t make his quta with the sale. He was als sad fr the ld man being s alne in the huse that he wned. The by went hme and then had an idea. He had a little dg figurine that he gt sme years ag frm an aunt. The figurine did nt mean nearly as much t him since he had a real live dg and a large family.
注意：
1． 续写词数应为150左右；
2． 请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
The little by headed back dwn t the ld man’s huse. _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One pssible versin：
The little by headed back dwn t the ld man’s huse. The thught f kncking at the ld man’s dr filled the little by with fear, thugh, he still kncked n the dr, waiting breathlessly. Finally, it pened, and ut came the ld man. Seeing the by hlding a well-wrapped dg figurine, he lked very astnished but still glared at him withut a wrd. Determined t break the ice, the by gave the ld man the gift with a precius card attached, expressing his care. Deeply mved by all the by did, the ld man culd say nthing but t hug him tightly, the tears f appreciatin welling up. Out f gratitude, he bught a magazine frm the by and saw him ff.
Frm that day n smething changed inside the ld man. __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One pssible versin：
Frm that day n smething changed inside the ld man. He adpted a real live dg and treated him as his child. It seemed that it was the cmpany f the dg that led the lnely sul ut f darkness and lneliness. Gradually, he was willing t greet thers and wear a bright smile, expressing his appreciatin t life. Indeed, nly when we pen up the dr f ur heart, can we be bathed in the brilliant sunshine and enjy the warmth f lve and care.
(建议用时：8分钟)
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．He ffered the bys sme cffee. They ________(拒绝) plitely.
2．He lst his leg when he was ten, but learned t ________(克服) his handicap.
3．This is certainly a ________(理论的) risk but in practice there is seldm a prblem.
4．Wrkers in big firms receive a substantial part f their pay in the frm f ________(奖金) and vertime.
5．This ________(宏伟的) building in the centre f twn used t be the hub f the capital’s scial life.
6．Arrws wuld cntinue t fly frward frever in a straight line were it nt fr ________ (重力), which brings them dwn t earth.
【答案】1．declined 2．vercme 3．theretical 4．bnuses 5．grand 6．gravity
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．Nw yu can get the ________(decline) f the sun with the next frmula.
2．The night befre the test I ________(vercme) by fear and despair.
3．It is ________(theretical) pssible fr him t verrule their decisin, but highly unlikely.
4．Lcke thught that yu culd prve the existence f Gd by a srt f ________ (csmlgy) argument.
【答案】1．declinatin 2．was vercme 3．theretically 4．csmlgical
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．Nw I can walk t wrk ________________ ging by car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
2．Yu watch. Things will ________________ befre they get better.
你瞧着吧。事情会先变糟，然后再好转。
3．They are firm friends ________________________ temperamental differences.
他们尽管性格不同，但仍然友情甚笃。
4．He is able t __________ pursue his gal f becming an actr.
他能够继续追求他成为演员的目标。
5．A ppular band is playing ________________________________ a new nightclub in a nearby city.
一个热门乐团要在附近城里一家夜总会的开幕典礼上表演。
6．Victims want t see justice dne ____________________________ themselves, but fr the greater gd f sciety.
受害者们希望看到正义得到伸张，这不仅是为了他们自己， 也是为了社会更大的利益。
7． At this ________________， the pandemic can be characterized glbally as being mderate in severity.
在早期阶段，这次疫情在全球的特征是严重程度为温和。
【答案】1．instead f 2．get wrse 3．in spite f 4．cntinue t 5．at the pening f 6．nt just fr 7．early stage
题组B 提升练
(建议用时：25分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Are peple happier in nature with blue skies verhead and fresh green grass underft? Culd nisy streets, crwded with cars and peple, make us unhappy?
The pssible mental health prblems f city living affect a lt f peple. The Wrld Health Organizatin estimates that 56 percent f the wrld’s ppulatin lived in urban areas in 2019． The WHO adds that that amunt will increase t 66 percent by 2050． Peple ften mve t cities fr better jbs and mre cultural activities. But are they putting themselves at risk? Maybe. Experts at the American Psychiatry Assciatin say that “natural envirnments r green spaces” d much gd t ur mental health.
Many studies have shwn that nature can calm us and make us feel happy. Nature, experts say, can als help us learn better. And experiencing nature helps peple recver frm the mental tiredness that cmes frm day-t-day wrk. On the ther hand, mental health experts say sme research suggests that city living might hurt ur mental health. But they cannt say exactly why.
What are the specific aspects f the urban envirnment which cause sme peple t develp mental illness? Andrea Mechelli, a dctr at Kings Cllege, Lndn, states, “There have been studies where peple were literally taken ut f an urban envirnment int a rural envirnment and their symptms wuld imprve. And we als see that the greater the city is, the greater the risk is. ” Mechelli says that smene wh lives in a city is three times mre likely t develp psychlgical prblem than smene living in the cuntry.
Kings Cllege researchers, alng with city planners, land and building designers and thers wanted t learn mre abut city living and mental illness. S, they created a smartphne app called Urban Mind. They said they wanted t understand hw different parts f the urban envirnment affect mental well-being.
The researchers fund that being utdrs, seeing trees, hearing birdsng, seeing the sky, and feeling in cntact with nature were assciated with higher levels f mental well-being. They als fund that these seeming effects f nature were especially strng in thse individuals at greater risk f mental health prblems. The Urban Mind Prject team says it hpes “the results will infrm future urban planning and scial plicy aimed at imprving design and health. ”
( )1． Why is the questin raised in the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce the tpic f the text.
B．T shw the backgrund f the text.
C．T ask the readers t learn the study.
D．T raise the readers’ interest in happiness.
( )2． What des Mechelli find during his study?
A．Peple are attracted by the blue skies and green grass.
B．Peple are mre cntent with their city life.
C．Mre and mre peple are interested in taking risks in cities.
D．City peple are mre likely t develp mental prblems than cuntry peple.
( )3． What is expected f the Urban Mind research result?
A．Mre peple will chse t live in the cuntryside.
B．It will bring mre cncern abut peple’s mental health.
C．It will cntribute t future urban planning and scial plicies.
D．Peple will be helped t imprve their mental illness.
( )4． What is the main idea f the text?
A．Urban Mind measures the level f mental well-being.
B．City living may be harmful t peple’s mental health.
C．Living in the cuntryside is better than in the city.
D．Different scientists hld different pinins n the effects f city living.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现，城市生活可能对人的精神健康有害，而自然的环境或绿色空间则对精神健康有好处。
1．A 推理判断题。根据下文的主要内容，尤其是第二段的 “The pssible mental health prblems f city living affect a lt f peple(城市生活可能带来的精神健康问题影响着很多人)．”可推测，第一段两个问题的作用是引出下文关于城市生活可能会影响人精神健康的话题。故选A项。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Mechelli says that smene wh lives in a city is three times mre likely t develp psychlgical prblem than smene living in the cuntry. ”可知，Mechelli发现住在城市的人患心理疾病的可能性是住在农村的人的三倍。故选D项。
3．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “The Urban Mind Prject team says it hpes ’the results’ will infrm future urban planning and scial plicy aimed at imprving design and health (城市思维项目团队表示，他们希望’这些结果’将为未来的城市规划和旨在改善设计和健康的社会政策提供信息)．”可知，“城市思维”项目的研究成果有望对未来的城市规划和社会政策做出贡献。故选C项。
4．B 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的 “The pssible mental health prblems f city living affect a lt f peple. 和 Peple ften mve t cities fr better jbs and mre cultural activities. But are they putting themselves at risk? Maybe(城市生活可能带来的精神健康问题影响着很多人。人们通常为了更好的工作和文化活动搬进城市，但他们正在让自己处于危险中吗？或许是这样的)．”可知，本文主要讲述城市生活可能对人的精神健康是有害的。故选B项。
Ⅱ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The little by
A little by selling magazines fr schl walked up t a huse that peple rarely visited. The huse was very ld and shabby and the wner hardly ever came ut. When he did cme ut, he wuld nt say hell t his neighburs r passers-by but simply just glare at them.
The by kncked n the dr and waited, sweating frm fear f the ld man. The by’s parents tld him t stay away frm the huse, and a lt f the ther neighburhd children were tld the same thing frm their parents.
Dust fund the by lingering n and hesitating what t d. As he was ready t walk away, the dr slwly pened. “What d yu want？” the ld man said impatiently. The little by was very afraid but he had a quta(份额) t meet fr schl with selling the magazines. S he gt up the curage and said, “Uh, sir, I am selling these magazines and uh, I was wndering if yu wuld like t buy ne frm me. ”
The ld man just stared at the by withut a wrd. The by culd see inside the ld man’s huse and saw that he had dg figurines(小雕像) n the fireplace mantle. “D yu cllect dgs？” The little by asked. “Yes, I have many cllectins in my huse. They are my family here and they are all I have. ” The by then felt srry fr the man, as it seemed that he was a very lnely sul.
“Well, I d have a magazine here fr cllectrs. It is perfect fr yu. I als have ne abut dgs since yu like dgs s much. ” The ld man was ready t clse the dr n the by and said, “N, by. I dn’t need any magazines f any kind, nw gdbye. ”
The little by was sad that he was nt ging t make his quta with the sale. He was als sad fr the ld man being s alne in the huse that he wned. The by went hme and then had an idea. He had a little dg figurine that he gt sme years ag frm an aunt. The figurine did nt mean nearly as much t him since he had a real live dg and a large family.
注意：
1． 续写词数应为150左右；
2． 请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
The little by headed back dwn t the ld man’s huse. _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One pssible versin：
The little by headed back dwn t the ld man’s huse. The thught f kncking at the ld man’s dr filled the little by with fear, thugh, he still kncked n the dr, waiting breathlessly. Finally, it pened, and ut came the ld man. Seeing the by hlding a well-wrapped dg figurine, he lked very astnished but still glared at him withut a wrd. Determined t break the ice, the by gave the ld man the gift with a precius card attached, expressing his care. Deeply mved by all the by did, the ld man culd say nthing but t hug him tightly, the tears f appreciatin welling up. Out f gratitude, he bught a magazine frm the by and saw him ff.
Frm that day n smething changed inside the ld man. __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One pssible versin：
Frm that day n smething changed inside the ld man. He adpted a real live dg and treated him as his child. It seemed that it was the cmpany f the dg that led the lnely sul ut f darkness and lneliness. Gradually, he was willing t greet thers and wear a bright smile, expressing his appreciatin t life. Indeed, nly when we pen up the dr f ur heart, can we be bathed in the brilliant sunshine and enjy the warmth f lve and care.
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