高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English集体备课ppt课件

Starting out & Understanding ideas

On the video website of The Wall Street Journal, a word has attracted people's attention.In order to report the news that Chinese elderly women help increase the gold price, The Wall Street Journal creates the word “dama”(elderly women), an English word which comes from Chinese Pinyin.This shows that English expressions which are contributed by Chinese have integrated into every aspect of international life.

Words that are “borrowed”from another language, such as “dama”， are called “loanwords”．This is not a new phenomenon in linguistics (语言学)．

Since modern times，Chinese vocabulary has borrowed many English words，such as “copy”，“cool”and“cola”．These words are vivid and highly literal.Retaining the English pronunciation, they can express their Chinese meaning.

Meanwhile, English words that derive (来自) from Chinese Pinyin can be seen in overseas media reports.About 10 years ago, foreigners took delight in talking about “guanxi (relationship)”．Unlike “relationship”， “guanxi”is used to describe the unique and complex relative network in China.Later, this word was included in Rules and Networks, a business college textbook used in many English­speaking countries.

Global Language Monitor thinks highly of Chinglish in terms of a global vision and the development of English, calling Chinglish a “delightful mixture”．

Most of the English words come from other languages, such as Latin, German and French.Now, an increasing number of English words are contributed by Chinese.

[理解]

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

1．What's the main idea of the passage?

An increasing number of English words are contributed by Chinese.

2．Find out the examples of Chinese vocabulary borrowed from English words.

“Copy”，“cool” and “cola”．

3．What do the languages that most of the English words come from?

Latin，German and French.

[积累]

1．increase v．　　　　  增加

2．contribute v.   添加

3．integrate into    融入

4．phenomenon n.   现象

5．take delight in    以……为乐

6．in terms of    就……而言

7．vision n.   视野

8．increasing adj.   不断增加的

Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas

Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple

Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning① English？[1]I hadn't, until one day my five­year­old son asked me whether there was ham② in a hamburger.There isn't.This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant③ either.[2]Neither is there pine④ nor apple in pineapple⑤.[3]This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.

[1]整个句子是“not ...until ...”句式。I hadn't是I hadn't asked myself的省略形式，until引导时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导的从句作asked的直接宾语，whether在此意为“是否”。

[2]“neither ...nor ...”是并列连词，意为“既不……，也不……”；此处否定词Neither 位于句首，句子用了倒装结构。

[3]句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。got me thinking是“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾语补足语。

For example, in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus！[4]While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick⑦at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home.And speaking of⑧ home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing?

[4]本句为由并列连词but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，While引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。

If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”，why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless⑪ and shameful behaviors⑫ the same?

When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”．But when we see sunshine, we can't say “it's sunshining”．

Even the smallest words can be confusing⑬.[5]When you see the capitalized⑭ “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who”in“Who's that？”What about “IT” and “US”？

[6]You also have to wonder⑮ at the unique⑯ madness⑰ of a language in which a house can burn up⑱ as  burns down, in which you fill in⑲ a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm⑳ is only heard once it goes off!

[5]When引导时间状语从句。capitalized为分词化形容词，在从句中作定语，修饰“WHO”。

[6]三个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词a language。在第一个定语从句中，as引导时间状语从句；第三个定语从句中，once引导条件状语从句。

English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.[7]That is why when the stars are out, they are visible， but when the lights are out, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.

[7]That is why ...为固定句型，意为“那就是……的原因”。此句型中why引导表语从句。

①have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

②ham n． 火腿

③eggplant n． 茄子

④pine n． 松树

⑤pineapple n． 菠萝

⑥sculpt v． 雕刻，雕塑

sculpture n． 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品

⑦seasick adj. 晕船的

airsick adj. 晕机的

carsick adj. 晕车的

homesick adj. 想家的

⑧speaking of ... 讲起……，说到……

⑨opposite n． 对立的人(或物)，对立面 adj.相反的；对面的

opposing adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的

oppose vt. 反对，抵制

⑩harmless adj. 无害的，不会导致损害的

harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的

⑪shameless adj. 无耻的，没廉耻的

shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的

⑫behavior n． 举止，行为

⑬confusing adj. 令人困惑的

⑭capitalized adj. 大写的

⑮wonder v． 感到诧异，非常想知道

        n． 惊讶；奇迹

wonder at  对……感到诧异

(it's) no wonder that ... ……不足为奇/并不奇怪

⑯unique adj. 独一无二的，独特的

⑰madness n． 疯狂；愚蠢行为

⑱burn up  烧毁，烧尽

burn down  烧毁

⑲fill in  填写(表格等)

fill out  填写(表格等)

⑳alarm n． 警报器；闹钟

reflect v． 显示，反映

creativity n． 创造性，创造力

human race  人类

visible adj. 看得见的，可见的

invisible adj. 看不见的

wind up  给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束

[参考译文]

菠萝≠松树＋苹果

你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我 hamburger(汉堡包)里面有没有ham(火腿)。答案是没有。这让我意识到， eggplant(茄子)里面也没有egg(鸡蛋)，而 pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)，也没有 apple(苹果)。这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？

例如，闲暇时我们可以雕一座雕像(sculpt a sculpture)、画一幅画(paint a painting)，但只能拍一张照片(take a photo)。旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面(in)，坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面(on)！同样，我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机里晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car)，但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”(homesick，实际意义为“想家的”)。说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业)和 housework(家务)(这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却)不是一回事呢？

如果说hard(硬)是soft(软)的反义词，为什么 hardly(几乎不)和 softly(柔和地)却不是一对反义词？如果说 harmless actions(无害行为)和 harmful actions(有害行为)意思相反，为什么 shameless behaviors(无耻行为)和 shameful behaviors(可耻行为)反而是一回事？

当我们望向窗外，看到雨(rain)或雪(snow)时，我们可以说正在下雨(it's raining)或正在下雪(it's snowing)。可我们看见阳光(sunshine)的时候却不能说正在下阳光(it's sunshining)。

就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。如果你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO，你会把它读成Who's that？中的who吗？那么IT和US又该怎么读呢？

英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”)，也可以说 burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”)；填表的时候，你可以 fill in a form(字面意思为“填入表里”)也可以 fill out a form(字面意思为“填到表外”); 而且只有闹钟走了(go off字面意思为“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声！

英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么 stars are out(星星出来)的时候我们能看到星星，而 lights are out(灯灭)的时候我们却看不到灯光。那也是当我 wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条)以后表针开始走，而我 wind up this passage(将本文收尾)后这篇文章结束的原因。

Step One：Pre­reading

Discuss with your partner about the following questions and answer the questions.

1．Which language is spoken by the most native speakers in the world?

Chinese.

2．Which language has the most learners in the world?

English.

Step Two：While­reading

Ⅰ.Read for the main idea

　What's the main idea of the text?

A．Compound words.　　　 B．The charm of English.

C．Pine and apple.   D．Differences of English.

答案：B

Ⅱ.Read for details

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.

1．What is the structure of the passage?

2．How does the author support his/her idea in the passage?

A．By listing numbers.

B．By making comparison.

C．By giving some examples.

D．By using some research results.

3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．When we see rain, we can say “it's raining”．

B．When we see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, we can read it as the “who” in “Who's that？”

C．Harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions.

D．We can see the stars when they are out.

4．What do the two phrases “wind up” mean in the last sentence?

A．They both mean “turn a handle”．

B．They both mean “finish or stop doing sth.”．

C．The first means “turn a handle”，the second means “finish or stop doing sth.”．

D．The first means “finish or stop doing sth.”， the second means “turn a handle”．

答案：1～4　DCBC

Step Three：Post­reading

阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you have any difficulty 1.learning (learn) English？Have you ever wondered why there is no ham 2.in your hamburger 3.and why you can't find any egg in eggplant? Maybe this will get you 4.thinking (think) how crazy the language of English is.We like to paint a 5.painting (paint), and we are traveling in 6.the car but we take a photo and travel on the bus.When we see the rain, we say “it 7.is raining (rain)” but can't say “it is sunshining” when seeing sunshine.The words are really 8.confusing (confuse)．Such unique 9.madness (mad) can be seen almost everywhere because English reflects  the 10.creativity (create) of the human race.

Ⅰ.重点单词

1．the title of the chapter  这一章节的题目

2．a plateful of ham  一盘火腿

3．a unique genius  独特的天才

4．reflect the trend  反映这一趋势

5．be visible from miles away  几英里外就能看得见

6．the alarm clock  闹钟

7．The graceful sculpture was sculpted by a famous sculptor.(sculpt)

8．People who have the opposing view were opposed to the sudden change.(oppose)

9．His neighbors are worried about his behaviors and they think Rui Yang sometimes behaves as if he is a little foolish and dull in front of others.(behave)

10．The boy asked in confusion, saying that he was confused with the confusing question.(confuse)

11．The government should encourage creativity.Only in this way can creative people create miracles.(create)

[掌握规律　巧记单词]

1．confuse v．使困惑＋­ing→confusing adj.令人困惑的

satisfying adj.令人满意的　  surprising adj.令人惊讶的

shocking adj.令人震惊的    frightening adj.令人恐惧的

2．sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑＋­ture→sculpture n．雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品

mixture n．混合物     signature n．签名

departure n．离开，出发    creature n．生物

Ⅱ.重点短语

1．Speaking of (谈到) travelling, are you going anywhere exciting this year?

2．During a snowstorm, I just look out of (向外看) the windows at the world.

3．Can you fill in (填写) some of the details of your career?

4．I've forgotten to wind up (给……上发条)  my watch again.

5．Two buildings on my block burnt down (烧毁) in that big fire.

Ⅲ.典型句式

1．[教材原句]　Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?

[句式分析]　have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。

[佳句仿写]　有了你清晰的说明，我们毫不费力地找到了你的家。

We had no trouble finding your home with your clear instructions.

2．[教材原句]　Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.

[句式分析]　neither ...nor ...连接并列成分。

[佳句仿写]　土壤要正合适——既不太湿也不太干。

The ground must be just right — neither too wet nor too dry.

3．[教材原句]　That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out，they are invisible.

[句式分析]　that is why ...那就是……的原因。

[佳句仿写]　我没有赶上第一班公共汽车。那就是今天我来迟的原因。

I didn't catch the first bus.That was why I came late today.

1．behavior n．举止，行为

(教材P15) If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?

如果说harmless actions (无害行为)和harmful actions(有害行为)意思相反，为什么shameless behaviors (无耻行为)和shameful behaviors (可耻行为)反而是一回事？

(经典佳句)Parents worry about the effect of music on their adolescent's behavior.

父母担心音乐对青春期孩子的行为有影响。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①Everyone is angry because his rude behavior (behave)．

②You should behave yourself (you) in a proper way in public.

[写美]　补全句子

③他告诉学生们听讲座时要举止得体，切勿聊天。

He told his pupils to behave well and not to chat while listening to a lecture.

2．confusing adj.令人困惑的

(教材P15) Even the smallest  words can be confusing.

就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。

(经典佳句)The instructions on the box are very confusing.

盒子上的使用说明令人费解。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①I think it's a serious mistake to confuse work with/and life.

②They confused me by asking so many confusing questions.I was totally confused, standing there in confusion,  not knowing what to do.(confuse)

补全句子

③我喜欢学习新单词，但是我对如何记忆单词感到困惑。

I love learning new words, but I am confused about how to remember them well.

[写美]　翻译句子

④他困惑地看着我并没有回答这个问题。

He looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question.

[名师点津]　­ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“……的；令人……的”；­ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到……的”。另外，修饰face, look, expression, voice等时，常用 ­ed形式的形容词。

3．burn up 烧毁，烧尽；烧完；燃烧(能量)；火烧旺

(教材P15) You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down ...

英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”)，也可以说 burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”)……

(经典佳句)The plane circled the airport to burn up excess fuel.

飞机在机场上空盘旋以耗掉多余的燃料。

[练透]　一词多义

①Usually the satellites burn up about 100 km above the earth.                                             烧毁

②Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race？   燃烧(能量)

③Mum put more wood on the fire to make it burn up and the room became warm gradually.火烧旺

词汇升级

④If you often burn the midnight oil, you'll be exhausted.

→If you often burn the midnight oil, you'll burn yourself out.

[写美]　补全句子

⑤村庄里的许多木房子在这次大火中被烧毁了。

Many of the wooden houses in the village were burnt to the ground in the big fire.

4．reflect v．显示，反映；反射(声音或者光)；思考

(教材P15) English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.

英语是人创造的，而不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。

(经典佳句)The statistics reflect a change in people's spending habits.

这些统计数据显示出人们的消费习惯发生了变化。

[练透]　一词多义

①Does such an attitudinal change reflect real experiences in daily life？                                                        反映

②The manager demanded time to reflect on what to do.                                 思考

③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)He was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            反射

单句语法填空

④Usually a child's behavior is a reflection (reflect) of his family environment.

词汇升级

⑤Before I decide, I need time to think carefully about the problem.

→Before I decide, I need time to reflect on/upon the problem.

[写美]　补全句子

经再三考虑，我们决定改变计划。

⑥On/Upon reflection, we decided to change our plan.

[巧学助记]　The light reflected from the water into my eyes.White clouds were reflected in the lake.Sitting by the lake, I was reflecting on what my mom said.On reflection，I decided to accept her suggestion.

光从水中反射入我的眼中，白云映照在湖中。坐在湖边，我在考虑妈妈的话。沉思后，我决定接受她的建议。

1．[句型公式]　have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/费力

(教材P14) Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?

你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？

(经典佳句)I am having some trouble getting along with my classmates at the moment.

目前，我和同学们相处有些麻烦。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①For me，there is no difficulty finishing (finish) the task in two days.

②You can't imagine the trouble I have with my housework.

③He didn't tell me what trouble he had working (work) out the problem.

[写美]　补全句子

④我与外国人交流有困难。

I have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) communicating with foreigners.

[名师点津]　有时将have trouble doing sth.句式中的trouble提前作先行词，此时定语从句中have后常为 doing形式。

2．[句型公式]　neither ...nor ...连接并列成分

(教材P14) Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.

pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)，也没有apple (苹果)。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①Neither the students nor the teacher knows (know) anything about it.

②I have neither money nor time for the ball.

③He didn't remember it.Neither did I．　　

句型转换

④He neither likes nor has  tried this kind of food.

→Neither does he like nor has he tried this kind of food.(倒装句)

[写美]　句式升级

⑤Tom wasn't be invited to the party yesterday and his parents weren't either.

→Neither Tom nor his parents were invited to the party yesterday.

3．[句型公式]　That is why ...那就是……的原因

(教材P15) That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.

那就是为什么 stars are out(星星出来)的时候我们能看到星星，而 lights are out(灯灭)的时候我们却看不到灯光。

(经典佳句)It rained heavily.That was why they put off the match.

雨下得很大。那就是他们推迟了比赛的原因。

[练透]　补全句子

①那就是鱼类更喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因——前者更温暖些。

That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.

②也许是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。

Maybe it's because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.

③他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。

The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.

[写美]　句型转换

Tom didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.

→④Tom was ill and that was why he didn't attend the meeting.

→⑤The reason why Tom didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.

维度一　品句填词

1．There was a book I wanted to buy, but now I can't remember the title (标题)．

2．To make a sandwich you put a slice of ham (火腿) between two slices of bread.

3．The architectural structure of the Temple of Heaven is unique.

4．If there's any trouble, sound the alarm  by pulling the emergency cord.

5．As I read my mother's letter, I began to feel more and more homesick (想家的)．

6．Pine (松树) trees are not native to this part of the world.

7．The names of political parties are always capitalized (大写的), for example, the Green Party.

8．There are few visible (看得见的) signs of the illness that kept her in hospital for so long.

维度二　词形转换

1．She is a dedicated teacher and is recognized for her enthusiasm and creativity (creative)．

2．The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a confusing (confuse) world.

3．His behavior (behave) under fire approved him a man of courage.

4．At our planning meeting we heard two opposing (oppose) opinions.

5．The museum has several life­sized sculptures (sculpt) of people and animals.

6．Literature is the reflection (reflect) of real life and the revelation of the artistic pulse of periods.

维度三　固定搭配和句式

1．If we all agree, let's wind up (使结束) the discussion.

2．Speaking of (说起) the bicycle, some people think it is out of date in many big cities.

3．He's a French，so he can neither speak nor (既不……也不……) write Chinese.

4．Please fill in/out (填写) this form, giving your name, age and address.

5．He lost the game and that was why (那就是……的原因) he didn't come to attend the celebration party.

6．She looked out of (向外看) the window, sighing for her lost youth.