外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English教学演示ppt课件

Using language

Grammar——构词法

一、语法图解

二、语法突破

1．构词法的定义及分类

按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫作构词法。英语构词法主要有缩略法(Abbreviation)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、转化法(Conversion)等。

2．几种常见的构词法

(1)缩略法

用单词首字母组成一个新词的英语构词法。这种方式构成的新词，读音有两种：

①各字母分别读音；②作为一个单词读音。

[即时演练1]　

写出下列词汇的缩略词

①Voice of America→VOA

②National Aeronautics and Space Administration→NASA

③World Trade Organization→WTO

④United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization→UNESCO

(2)合成法

合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，有些带连字符，有些不带。以合成法构成的单词叫作合成词。

[即时演练2]　

写出下列单词的汉语意思

①greenhouse 　　　　 温室

②sunset    日落

③far­reaching     影响深远的

④heartfelt    由衷的 

⑤hotfoot    匆忙地

⑥overcome    战胜

(3)派生法

在一个词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的为后缀。

①前缀

②后缀

[即时演练3]　

给下列单词加上适当的词缀

①incomplete 　　　　 不完全的

②impossible   不可能的

③enlarge    扩大

④recycle    再循环，回收

⑤cooperate    合作

⑥international    国际的

⑦wooden    木制的

⑧widen    加宽

⑨scholarship    奖学金

⑩honesty    诚实

(4)转化法

把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

[即时演练4]　

写出下列句中加黑词的含义

①He emptied the bottle.                                     腾空，倒空

②Each young person must shoulder his responsibility.     肩负，承担

③Open the windows to cool the room.        使凉快，使冷却

④You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us.                              描绘，想象

⑤The girl in black appears very beautiful.        黑色的衣服

1．come across 偶然发现，偶然遇见

(教材P17) When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.

当你打开字典时，你经常会遇到许多不熟悉的单词。

(经典佳句)She came across an old diary while clearing out her drawer.

她在清理抽屉的时候偶然发现了一本旧日记。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①The smartphone­like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600.

②Can you tell me how the accident came about?

③The other day I came across a friend in the street.

[写美]　补全句子

④她想出了增加销售量的好方法。

She came up with a good idea for increasing sales.

[巧学助记]　I came across an old friend in the street last Friday.He said his dream would come true soon, because his new book would come out next month.We also talked about the accident that came about that day.

上周五我在街上碰见一位老朋友。他说他的梦想就要实现了，因为他的新书将于下个月出版。我们还谈到了那天发生的事故。

2．be made up of 由……组成

(教材P17) And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words ...

并且有时候一个单词由几个单词的首字母组成……

(经典佳句)Food is made up of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

食物由碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪构成。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①I think it's very unkind of you to make up  stories about him.

②Ask for an extra compensation payment to make up  for  the stress you have been caused.

[写美]　一句多译

这本作品是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分组合而成的。

③The collection consists of three parts：poems, essays and short stories.

④The collection is made up of three parts：poems, essays and short stories.

⑤The collection is composed of three parts：poems, essays and short stories.

[名师点津]　be made up of, be composed of 和consist of都是表示“由……组成”，但是consist of只能用主动，不可用于被动语态。

3．likely adj.可能的，可能发生的

(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.

她还说，可能还有其他一些基因帮助巴瑶人潜水。

[辨清]　likely/possible/probable

(经典佳句)The study showed that one in twelve women is likely to develop breast cancer.

研究表明，十二分之一的女性可能会患上乳腺癌。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①This decision is likely to upset (upset) a lot of people.

②Would it be possible for me to leave (leave) a message for her?

[写美]　一句多译

我们有可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务吗？

③Is it likely/possible/probable that we can finish the task in such a short time?

④Is it possible for us to finish the task in such a short time?

⑤Is the task likely to be finished in such a short time?

维度一　基础题型练

单句语法填空

1．On a  stormy (storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home.

2．He didn't like his work; he did it simply (simple) for the money.

3．Martin was very helpful (help); we couldn't have finished the work on time without him.

4．Mr Lee said that the smiles and happiness (happy) of the children gave him great courage every day.

5．I can never find the difference (differ) between the twins.

6．Tim will come back on the twelfth (twelve) of next month.

7．This is a new programme to enable  (able) older people to study at college.

8．Our foreign teacher Michael has mapped (map) out a plan of his bicycle trip already.

9．Surprisingly (surprise), he should lose his temper in public.

10．It is illegal (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.

维度二　语法与写作

补全句子

1．这些树上的新鲜水果从一个国家运到另一个国家。

Fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another.

2．这间公寓能容纳六个人和一条狗。

This apartment can house six people and a dog.

3．为了避免膝盖疼痛，做运动来加强你的腿部肌肉。

To avoid knee pain, do exercises to strengthen your leg muscles.

4．他的父母完全误解了他，还狠狠地批评了他。

His parents completely misunderstood him and criticized him heavily.

5．汤姆很沮丧，因为他父亲不允许他参加歌唱比赛。

Tom was discouraged because his father didn't allow him to take part in the singing competition.

6．你在公共场合问女士一些私人问题是不礼貌的。

It's impolite of you to ask a lady some personal questions in public.

维度三　以语段形式练习语法

利用构词法知识补全短文

Li Hua, my 1.classmate (同班同学), is 2.hard­working (勤奋的)．To improve his listening skill, every day he gets up at six and listens to 3.VOA (美国之音)．What's more, he is also 4.warm­hearted (热情的) and willing to help others.On his way to school yesterday, he came across a 5.homeless  (home) person and 6.handed (递给) 100 yuan to him.He set an example to us students.