北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Lesson 3 The Secrets of Your Memory导学案

Unit 9 Learning-Lesson 3 The secret of your memory

核心考点解析

【核心词汇】

While reading in all forms is certainly beneficial and should be encouraged,the low numbers of boys reading for enjoyment and their limited choices when they do,is evidence of an issue that needs to be addressed.(Page 66)

虽然所有形式的阅读肯定是有益的,并且应该加以鼓励,但是为了乐趣而阅读的男孩数量很少,而且他们的选择有限,表明了这是一个需要解决的问题。

【词汇精讲】

evidence用作名词,意为“证据,证明”。

The new evidence led to the thief being caught.

新证据最终使小偷被捉住了。

There wasn’t enough evidence to prove that he had stolen the money.

没有充分的证据证明他偷钱了。

Medical evidence shows that men are more likely to have heart disease than women.

医学证据表明男人比女人更容易患心脏病。

【词汇拓展】

evident adj.明显的

evidently adv.明显地

From the look on his face it was evident that the news came as a complete shock.

从他脸上的表情可以明显看出,这个消息让他感到很震惊。

Evidently,he has nothing to do with it.

很明显,他和这件事情毫无关系。

Countries need to think about ways to inspire interest for boys in reading and ensure that they are exposed to a wide variety of different types of literature from a young age.(Page 67)

各国需要想办法激发男孩对阅读的兴趣,并确保他们从小就接触到各种各样的不同类型的文学作品。

【词汇精讲】

expose用作动词,意为“使接触;使体验”。

Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.

不要让婴儿受到强烈的阳光照射。

He smiled suddenly,exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.

他突然一笑,露出一口洁白的牙齿。

【词汇拓展】

(1)expose...to...把……暴露在……

be exposed to接触;暴露于

(2)exposure n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露

Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.

强烈的阳光暴晒会伤害身体。

Her skin was dry after exposure to the wind.

经过风吹后她的皮肤很干。

In countries such as Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania and the Netherlands,the difference between boys and girls was most significant,where they found a 30% gap or more between the genders.(Page 66)

在爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛和荷兰等国,男孩和女孩之间的差别最大,男女差距达30%或更多。

【词汇精讲】

gap用作名词,意为“(大的)差距,差额,差别”,还可以表示“间隔;开口”。

There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.

床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。

The generation gap has become a common problem.

代沟已经成为一个常见的问题。

He went around the world in his gap year.

他在间隔年里周游了世界。

【词汇拓展】

bridge the gap,close the gap,narrow the gap都可表示“消除或缩小差距”。

a growing/widening gap不断加大的差距

a trade gap贸易差额

an age gap年龄差距

Parents and children should communicate more to bridge the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.

父母和孩子应该多交流来消除他们之间的差距,这样他们就能更好地互相理解。

【核心短语】

In places like Japan,boys and girls read for enjoyment at an almost identical level,with 54% of boys and 58% of girls reporting that they enjoy reading.(Page 66)

在日本这样的地方,男孩和女孩为了乐趣而阅读几乎在相同的水平上,54%的男孩和58%的女孩说他们喜欢阅读。

【句式剖析】

本句为简单句,其中with 54% of boys and 58% of girls reporting that they enjoy reading为with复合结构,其中动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。

They were singing and dancing,with the fire burning in the middle.

他们围着燃烧的火堆又唱又跳。

The thief came in,with his hands tied back.

小偷走了进来,双手被绑在身后。

With a lot of work to do,I can’t go to the cinema tonight.

有好多工作要做,我今天晚上不能去看电影了。

He went to sleep with the windows open.

他开着窗户睡觉。

She left for work with the light on.

灯没关她就去上班了。

Who is the woman with a baby in her arms?

那个怀里抱着孩子的女子是谁?

【句式拓展】

在with复合结构中,不同形式的宾语补足语的用法不同。具体如下:

(1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行,和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。

(2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作已经完成,和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。

(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作暂时没有发生,有将来的含义。

(4)形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语表示宾语的特征或性质。

In addition,it is important for me to make plans for the work I need to do.(Page 62)

此外,对我来说,为我需要做的工作做计划是很重要的。

【句式剖析】

本句为简单句,其中it is important for me to make...属于“It is/was+adj./n.+for sb+to do sth”句型,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。

It is dangerous for a new driver to drive on the icy road.

对于一个新手司机来说,在结冰的路面上驾驶太危险。

It is necessary for students to read more classic literature.

学生有必要多读一些经典文学。

It is a struggle for him to learn English well.

对他来说学好英语不容易。

【句式拓展】

(1)此句型中,“for sb”表示“对于某人来说”。注意be后面一定是描写事物性质的形容词。例如：

important,necessary,difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible,right,convenient等。

(2)It is/was+adj.+of sb+to do sth表示“某人做某事真是太……”。

此句型中的形容词一定是描述人的品质的。

例如：

good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,stupid,lazy,careful,careless,brave,cruel,honest,naughty,rude等。

Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it,but also the ways to improve it.(Page 62)

了解我们记忆的秘密意味着不仅要了解有关它的事实,还要了解提升它的方法。

【句式剖析】

在本句中,not only...but also...连接learn的两个并列宾语。

not only... but also...连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式采取“就近一致”原则。

All these will not only make you relax but also do good to your health.

所有这些不仅会让你放松,也会对你的健康有益。

He is not only a successful writer but also a great actor.

他不仅是一个成功的作家,而且是一个优秀的演员。

Not only I but also Mary is fond of watching television.

不但我而且玛丽也喜欢看电视。

【句式拓展】

not only放在句首,后接句子时要用倒装结构,但but (also)后的句子不倒装。

Not only do the workers want a pay increase,but also they want reduced hours.

工人们不仅想涨工资,还想减少工作时间。

Now I understand why we remember the events in childhood better than those that happened recently.(Page 62)

现在我明白了为什么我们对童年发生的事情要比最近发生的事情记得更好。

【句式剖析】

在本句中,those是代词,相当于“the +复数名词”,在本句中相当于the events。

Salaries here are higher than those in that country.

这里的薪水比那个国家的高。

The books on the shelf are more expensive than those on the desk.

架子上的书比桌子上的更贵。

【句式拓展】

that也有类似的用法,代替的是“the +单数名词/不可数名词”。

The population of this city is smaller than that of that city.

这个城市的人口比那个城市的人口少。

The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than that in the newspaper.

网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播得快得多。