资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩10页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：中考英语知识及解题技巧（牛津译林版）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
专题09 阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题-中考英语知识及解题技巧（牛津译林版）
展开
这是一份专题09 阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题-中考英语知识及解题技巧（牛津译林版），文件包含专题09阅读技巧--主旨大意题推理判断题解析版doc、专题09阅读技巧--主旨大意题推理判断题原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
主旨大意题
1.题型特点
要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(cnclusin)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
2.主旨大意题主要的设问方式
①What’s the main idea f this passage?
②What is the passage mainly abut?
③What des the passage mainly discuss?
④The writer means t tell us that .
⑤The main idea f the passage is that .
⑥The passage is mainly abut .
⑦Frm the passage we can learn/cnclude that .
⑧What’s the best title fr the passage?
⑨What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
⑩The best title fr the passage is .
3.主旨大意题的解题技巧
(1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词,如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。
(2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Tpic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题(Tpic);②阐述控制概念(Cntrlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。
主题句通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在段落中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章(如科普类文章)的时候,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
a.寻找主题句
有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:fr example,an example f,the mst imprtant example,first,secnd,next,then,last,finally,t begin with,als,besides that等。
在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从段落中的fr example可以断定,前一句话是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句话为主题句,在第二句话前面添加一个fr example,看看第二句话是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句话不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。
b.选择答案
先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的转述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。
推理判断题
1.题型特点
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。这种类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求学生根据文章、段落或句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推理题和出处推理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。
2.推理判断题主要的设问方式
①It can be inferred/cncluded/seen frm the passage that...
②Which f the fllwing cnclusins can be drawn accrding t the passage?
③The writer suggests that...
④The writer uses the example shw that...
⑤What’s the writer’s attitude
⑥What’s the writer’s purpse f writing the passage?
⑦Frm the passage,we knw...
⑧The writer prbably agrees that...
3.推理判断题的解题技巧
中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的每个句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识,对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑关系,从而对所读的内容形成较深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,必须根据原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断才能回答。完成推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点:
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实。它一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)、数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度(肯定或否定,赞成或反对,褒扬或讽刺,喜好或厌恶等);从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气(郑重其事还是轻松活泼,实事求是还是夸大其词,真挚热诚还是冷嘲热讽等)。
真题训练
一
Hundreds f years ag, n dandelins(蒲公英)grew in Nrth America. Then peple came frm Eurpe. They had dandelin seeds n their clthes. The seeds fell frm their clthes nt the grund. Since then, dandelins have spread all ver.
Mst peple believe that dandelins are weeds. They d nt want them in their gardens. But sme peple think that dandelin flwers are pretty. And thers think that dandelins taste gd. They ck dandelin leaves r put them int a fresh salad. The leaves must be picked befre the flwers cme ut r they will nt taste gd. Sme peple make dandelin flwers int wine.
Dandelins d nt die easily. If the winter is nt very cld, their leaves may stay green. When the spring arrives, their flwers cme ut. Each night their bright yellw flwers clse up. When the sun shines the next day, they pen up again. Dandelin flwers are very unusual. They d nt have t get pllen(花粉)frm anther dandelin flwer in rder t frm seeds. S after several days, the yellw flwer turns white and sft. A tiny brwn seed frms at the bttm f each white petal(花瓣). When the wind blws, the petals flat away. Each white petal carries a seed away. This lets the dandelins spread their seeds all ver. New dandelins grw where the seeds land.
1.The underlined wrd “weeds” means .
A.pretty flwersB.fresh vegetables
C.wild plantsD.green trees
2.When is the best time t pick dandelin leaves t eat?
A.After their flwers cme ut.
B.After their flwers turn white.
C.Befre their flwers cme ut.
D.Befre their flwers clse up.
3.What is the best title fr this passage?
A.The Histry f Dandelins
B.Dandelins:Flwers r Fd
C.The Use f Dandelins
D.Hw t Grw Dandelins
1.【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。pretty flwers美丽的花;fresh vegetables新鲜的蔬菜;wild plants野生植物;green trees绿树。根据下文They d nt want them in their gardens.可推断出,不希望出现在自己花园的应该是野草。故选C项。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句The leaves must be picked befre the flwers cme ut...可知,采蒲公英叶子吃的最佳时机是在蒲公英开花之前。故选C项。
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了蒲公英的来历,但只是作为一个引子,不是全文的重点;第二段讲了蒲公英的用途,即可用来当食物吃等;第三段主要讲蒲公英开花。由此作者把第二、三段结合起来抛出了这样一个话题:蒲公英是花还是食物?把其作为标题,既突出了文章内容,又吸引眼球。故选B项。
二
Tea is an imprtant part f Chinese traditin. Tea has a very clse relatinship with Chinese culture.
It is said that Chinese tea was discvered by King Shen Nng. Peple say that he lived 5,000 years ag. One summer day,while he was visiting a faraway part f his cuntry, he felt very thirsty. The servants began t make water ht enugh fr him t drink. Dried leaves frm a near plant fell int the water. The king drank sme,and fund it culd make him feel less tired. Als as a scientist,Shen Nng was interested in the new drink. And s,tea was created in 2737 BC.
Drinking tea has many advantages. It makes peple feel less tired,clears heat inside the human bdy and helps peple lse weight. As yu add a cup f tea t yur daily life,please check the fllwing helpful advice.
Drink it ht. Tea xidizes(氧化)quickly,s it is suggested that yu drink it ht.
D nt drink t much strng tea. It will prbably be harmful t yur stmach and make yu feel sick if yu make the tea t strng.
The best time t drink tea is between meals. It may nt make yu have a strng wish t eat when yur stmach is full.
D nt drink with medicine. It may change the medical result. Yu can drink tea tw hurs after yu take medicine.
Green tea is the best chice fr ffice wrkers. Why? Because green tea helps stp the bad result f the cmputer.
1.Paragraph 2 is mainly abut .
A.when King Shen Nng lived
B.where Chinese tea was created
C.hw Chinese tea was discvered
D.why King Shen Nng drank tea
2.Drinking tea has lts f advantages EXCEPT .
A.helping yu lse weight
B.letting yu feel less tired
C.having a strng wish fr fd
D.clearing heat inside yur bdy
3.The passage is mainly written t .
A.let us knw hw tea was discvered
B.give sme advice n drinking tea
C.tell peple the histry f tea
D.advise peple t drink green tea
1.【答案】C
【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段的主题句It is said that Chinese tea was discvered by King Shen Nng.可知该段主要介绍了中国的茶是怎样被发现的,所以选C。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Drinking tea has many advantages.It makes peple feel less tired,clears heat inside the human bdy and helps peple lse weight.可知喝茶有很多好处,它能让人感觉不太累,能清除体内的热量,帮助人们减肥,故答案为C。
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据As yu add a cup f tea t yur daily life,please check the fllwing helpful advice.可知本文介绍了喝茶的注意事项,故答案为B。
三
In Paris,ne freezing winter evening,I was having dinner with my friend,Mr.Dupin,the famus detective.We had just finished ur meal,when there was a lud kncking at the dr.Dupin pened it.There std Mr.Germain,the chief(警长)f the Paris Plice.
We welcmed him warmly,fr he was an ld acquaintance(熟人)whm we hadn’t seen fr a lng time.
“I need yur assistance.”said Germain.“I met a case (案件)that has been giving me a great deal f truble.”“It is very simple but very strange.”
“Als,please keep this secret.If anyne fund ut that I tld yu this,I wuld certainly lse my jb.”
“Well,then,”said the Chief,“I have learned that a very imprtant letter has been stlen frm the king.We are sure wh stle it and that the letter is in his huse.”
“But wh wuld dare d such a thing!”I cried.
“The thief,”said Germain sftly,“is a man wh dares d many dangerus things.He is ne f the mst pwerful and imprtant ministers in the gvernment.He is Minister Dantn!”
“Have yu searched his huse?”
“A lt f times.While Minister Dantn was ut,a lt f well-trained plice fficers carefully searched the entire huse,rm by rm.In fact,we examined everything in the huse but fund nthing.”...
A mnth later,Dupin asked Germain and me t his huse.There he tk ut a letter and handed it t the Chief.We were bth very surprised.
Dupin explained,“I knw Minister Dantn very well.He culd nt hide the letter in any f the usual hiding places.I realized that he might have left the letter ut in the pen,right under everyne’s nse,where n ne wuld search fr it.”
“Then I visited him with my dark glasses n t help me bserve(观察)better.While we were chatting,a dirty,trn letter in the letter hlder suddenly caught my eyes—unusual fr the Minister,wh is careful and neat.”
“I was sure it was the letter.”
“Then I purpsely left my glves behind s I culd cme back again.”
“The next mrning,I hired a man t fire a gun n the street.While the Minister went t see what happened,I stle the letter by replacing it with a similar ne.”On it Dupin wrte these wrds:
Yur plan was gd,but mine was better.
As yu can see,I tk the letter.
—Based n a stry by Edgar Allan Pe
1.The underlined wrd“assistance”in the third paragraph prbably means here.
A.hbbyB.help
C.habitD.hliday
2.Wh is the best at slving difficult cases accrding t the passage?
A.The writer.
D.Minister Dantn.
3.Dupin did all the fllwing things t help get the letter back EXCEPT .
A.wearing his dark glasses when visiting Dantn’s huse
B.leaving his glves purpsely behind in Dantn’s huse
C.hiring a man t fire a gun n the street the next mrning
D.writing sme wrds n the letter he put int the letter hlder
4.Frm the passage we can infer that .
A.Dupin and Dantn are als acquaintances
B.Dupin and the writer are bth detectives
C.Dantn and the writer are new friends
D.Germain and Dantn are dangerus enemies
1.【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据assistance的下文I met a case(案件)that has been giving me a great deal f truble.可知,他遇到了一件麻烦的案子,需要帮助。故选B项。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Germain先生上门求助可知,他破不了案,排除B项;根据第七段可知,Minister Dantn是偷信的人,排除D项;第十段第一、第二句A mnth later,Dupin asked Gemain and me t his huse.There he tk ut a letter and handed it...可知 Dupin 找出了小偷。故选C项。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第十二、十三、十四、十五段内容可知,A、B、C三项是为了拿回信做的事;根据第十五段中的I stle the letter by replacing it with a similar ne和On it Dupin wrte these wrds可知,D项不是为取回信件而做的事。故选D项。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十一段Dupin explained,“I knw Minister Dantn very well.”可推断,Dupin和Dantn也是熟人。故选A项。
四
D yu knw what yu’d like t be when yu grw up? It takes mst peple many years t find this ut. Fr the yung artist Alexandra Nechita, it never really seemed t be a questin. Frm the day she began drawing at the age f tw, she was an artist.
Alexandra Nechita was brn in Rmania in 1985 and mved t Califrnia when she was still a baby. As a little child, she lved cluring in her cluring bks. Her parents hped she culd spend mre time playing with ther children, s they tk away her cluring bks. Alexandra began drawing her wn pictures and cluring them in.
By the time Alexandra was seven years ld, she had begun painting with il paints. When Alexandra tk a lcal art class, her teacher was amazed at the yung artist’s unusual style f painting. Alexandra’s wrk was similar in sme ways t the paintings by famus artists like Picass. These artists did nt use a realistic style f painting. They allwed their imaginatins t play an imprtant part in their wrk. The interesting thing was that little Alexandra had never seen the wrk f these artists. Peple called her “Little Picass”. This was a great hnur, but Alexandra’s style f painting was all her wn.
Alexandra’s first public shw was held at a Ls Angeles public library when she was nly eight years ld. Peple were amazed at hw yung Alexandra was, but mstly they lved her imaginative artwrk. It did nt take lng fr Alexandra and her wrk t becme famus. She appeared n televisin prgrams and in newspapers and magazines all ver the wrld. The sale f a single piece can earn the yung artist thusands f dllars. But that is nt why Alexandra creates artwrk. She just cannt imagine ding anything else that wuld bring her such jy and satisfactin.
Tday, Alexandra is a full-time artist. She als wrks t help supprt the arts in schls. Alexandra is a strng believer in the pwer f art as a tl f cmmunicatin and a bridge t building peace thrughut the wrld.
1.When did Alexandra begin drawing pictures?
A.At the age f eight.B.At the age f seven.
C.At the age f tw.D.In the year f 1985.
2.Alexandra was called “Little Picass” because .
A.she learned t paint frm Picass
B.her style f painting was like Picass’s
C.she was ne f Picass’s big fans
D.her style f painting was unusual
3.What can we learn frm the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?
A.Only painting can make her s happy and satisfied.
B.Only mney can make her s happy and satisfied.
C.Anything can make her feel happy and satisfied.
D.Nthing can make her feel happy and satisfied.
4.Accrding t the passage, which wrd can best describe Alexandra?
A.Plite.B.Generus.C.Patient.D.Creative.
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Frm the day she began drawing at the age f tw...可知,Alexandra 2岁开始画画。故选C项。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句Alexandra’s wrk was similar in sme ways t the paintings by famus artists like Picass.可知,Alexandra被称作“小毕加索”的原因是她的画画风格和毕加索相似。故选B项。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。画线句意思为:她只是无法想象做其他任何事情能给她带来如此的快乐和满足。说明只有画画能给她带来快乐和满足。故选A项。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。plite有礼貌的;generus大方的;patient耐心的;creative有创造力的。根据第四段第二句 mstly they lved her imaginative artwrk.以及全文描述Alexandra的事例可推断出,她是个很有创造力的女孩。故选D项。
五
The Silk Rad is the name f different rads that lng ag cnnected Eurpe, Africa and Asia. Peple reached these different places alng these rads. Scientists believe peple began t travel the Silk Rad abut 3000 years ag. By the time the Chinese silk trade became imprtant in the wrld, the Silk Rad cvered almst 6500 kilmeters. It went frm Rme t China, which is frm the West t the Far East.
Merchants travelled alng the Silk Rad t carry silk, f curse. They als carried and traded ther things like spices (香料), clth, jewels and gld.
Alng and arund these ancient paths(小路), have cme many fascinating and mysterius stries.
It is said that Rman sldiers wh lst a war travelled thrugh central Asia. They decided t live smewhere near the ancient Chinese villages. Sme f these Rmans married lcal Chinese wmen and the legend f the blnd-haired, blue-eyed tribes f China was started.
Sme histrians believe that the peple f Kashmir were taken away frm their cuntry Israel. They were prisners (俘虏) f war almst 2800 years ag. Peple say that these peple travelled alng the Silk Rad. They kept their Jewish way f life fr a lng time.
During its busiest perid, the Silk Rad allwed peple frm many different cultures and cuntries t meet each ther and mix. The Silk Rad allwed the sharing f valuable things and new ideas. It included peple and trading gds frm different areas. All these peples travelled the Silk Rad, and they shared gds, stries, languages, and cultures.
In mdern times, the ld Silk Rad rutes (路线) are still used, but nw they are crssed by trains instead f camels and hrses. There is even a Silk Rute Museum in Jiuquan in China. It has ver 35,000 bjects frm all alng the Silk Rad. In this way, China prtects the histry f many cuntries and peples.
1.It is clear that .
A.the Silk Rad was divided int Eurpe,Africa and Asia
B.Rman sldiers wuld like t travel alng the Silk Rad
C.peple culd travel t different cuntries alng the Silk Rad
D.peple shared nly silk n the Silk Rad
2.The underlined wrd“Merchants”in the passage prbably means .
A.freignersB.businessmen
C.sldiersD.prisners
3.Accrding t the passage, .
A.the Silk Rad began with the wars
B.the Silk Rad cvered almst 6500 kilmeters in China
C.peple began t travel the Silk Rad abut 3000 years ag
D.peple frm Israel were nt included amng peple n the Silk Rad
4.The ld Silk Rad rutes are still used because .
A.there are many ld stries abut them
B.the histrians and scientists think highly f them
C.China will make gd use f the Silk Rad again
D.peple can keep n travelling and trading alng them
5.The best title fr the passage can be .
A.Stries alng the Silk Rad
B.Silk Rute Museum
C.Trade fr Silk
D.The West and the Far East
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句和第二句可知答案为C项。
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Merchants travelled alng the Silk Rad t carry silk ,f curse. They als carried and traded ther things like spices(香料), clth, jewels and gld.”可知“Merchants”就是商人,故答案为B项。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists believe peple began t travel the Silk Rad abut 3000 years ag.”可知答案为C项。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知,大约3000年前人们开始骑着骆驼和马走丝绸之路,现在坐火车走这条路,人们可以一直沿着这条路旅行和交易。故答案为D项。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一、二段介绍了关于丝绸之路的历史;第三、四、五段介绍了关于丝绸之路的故事;最后两段介绍了丝绸之路的作用和现在的情况。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路,故答案为A项。
六
What is the difference between a fear(害怕)and a phbia?Yu might have a fear f dgs if yu have ever been bitten by ne. Hwever, if yu avid walking dwn streets where yu think there might be a dg, yu may have a phbia, which is a strng unnatural fear. If the fear has started t change a persn’s life, he r she prbably has a phbia. Different surveys say that between 10 and 80 percent f us have at least ne phbia.
Yu can prbably guess what sme f the mst“ppular”phbias are. Flying may be the safest way t travel, but many peple are scared f ding it. Fear f heights is als very cmmn. Fr example, Spider-Man actr Tbey Maquire can’t stand high places. Hwever, Tbey is nt afraid f spiders that mst peple are afraid f. Rupert Grint, wh plays in the Harry Ptter mvies, is in fear f spiders.“In ne scene f the mvie, we cme int the large spider’s hle, and there we meet a spider that is the size f an elephant and really scary because he has these hairs. I’m really scared f spiders,”he said.
.Fr example, cats are very cute fr mst f us, but nt fr such pwerful peple in histry as Alexander the Great and Naplean Bnaparte. Actr Nicle Kidman says,“I’m nt scared f snakes r spiders, but I’m scared f butterflies. Smetimes when I came hme frm schl, the biggest butterfly yu had ever seen wuld be just sitting n ur frnt gate. I wuld climb ver the fence, mve slwly t the side f the huse, r d anything t avid having t g thrugh the frnt gate.”Clwns(小丑)are nt s funny fr actr Jhnny Depp, whse childhd memry f the“painted faces and fake smiles”still makes him scared. Sme ther weird(怪诞的)phbias, including chewing gum, ld drs r windws and ftsteps, als fear sme famus persns, such as Orah Winfred, Billy Bb and Sigmund Fred.
1.Rupert Grint wh acted in Harry Ptter is scared f .
A.dgsB.snakesC.spidersD.butterflies
2.Which f the fllwing behavirs can be a phbia fr these persns?
A.Cathy dislikes keeping a pet cat at hme.
B.Victr cannt sleep well befre the exams.
C.Linda feels very tired climbing the muntains.
D.Dris shuts crazily whenever hearing ftsteps at night.
3.Which f the fllwing is the best fr“ ”in Paragraph 3?
A.Sme peple have phbias that are mre unusual
B.N research has been reprted what causes the phbias
C.Dctrs say that mst phbias can be treated successfully
D.Cmmn things are much easier t cause phbias
4.We can infer(推断)frm the passage that .
A.peple are brn with phbias
B.phbias are cmmn in ur daily life
C.famus peple are easier t get phbias
D.phbias d nt influence peple’s life at all
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第六句可知。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四句可知恐惧症的定义,又根据第三段最后一句怪诞的恐惧症的例子可知,答案为D。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段第二句“Fr example,...”可知,此段为演绎式段落,第一句为主题句,又根据下文介绍不寻常的恐惧症类型可知,答案为A。
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及第二段恐惧症的常见类型可推知答案。
七
A 12-year-ld girl frm Virginia, US, never thught that a simple message she put nline culd bring her big prblems. She psted the wrds,“Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday”, with three emjis(表情符号)f a gun, a knife and a bmb(炸弹)n Instagram, a scial media(社交媒体). She was tld that she brke the law because f threatening(威胁)her schl.
This prblem is nt far away frm us. Nt lng ag, Ni Hanxiang, a Chinese student at a university in the US, was sent back t China after expressing n scial media that he wuld kill his teachers if he failed t pass his exams.
In China, psting threatening wrds nline is als against the law. In 2013, Wu Hngfei, a singer, gt int truble fr saying n weib that she wanted t blw up a building.
“Threatening happens nt nly face t face but als thrugh the Internet, scial media and the telephne,”said Mr.Ca, a lawyer frm Chngqing.“Althugh the law f China prtects peple’s right f free speech, it desn’t include wrds that threaten thers’ lives and natinal safety.”
“Sme peple may nt mean t threaten. They may just be trying t say‘I’m strng’,”said Fred Pratt, a lawyer frm the US.
The girl’s mther said her daughter was a gd kid wh had never been in truble befre. Ni Hanxiang als said he didn’t realize that what he put nline was s serius.
“But nt knwing the law desn’t mean the law will treat yu any differently if yu break it,”says David Allen Green, a lawyer frm the UK. S, d yu think we’d better spend a minute r tw thinking abut the wrds r emjis we use n scial media befre we press“send”?
1.The 12-year-ld girl frm Virginia put the wrds“Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday”, with three emjis .
A.in her wn diaryB.in a letter t her friend
C.n a scial mediaD.n the wall f the library
2.Ni Hanxiang was sent back t China .
A.because he brke the US law
B.because he wasn’t hnest
C.after he killed his teachers
D.after he blew up a building
3.Frm this passage, we can infer(推断)that .
A.Fred Pratt thinks sme peple may nt mean t threaten
B.the girl’s mther didn’t think her daughter was a bad child
C.cheating in an examinatin at schl may get yu int truble
D.putting threatening wrds n QQ may bring yu prblems
4.This passage mainly wants t tell us that .
A.we shuldn’t break the US law if we study at a university in the US
B.students and singers shuldn’t pst wrds r emjis n scial media
C.students shuld study hard at schl and nt use the Internet t much
D.we shuld be careful when we send wrds r emjis n scial media
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知,她是在一个社交媒体上发表的。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。由第一段最后一句中“brke the law”和第二段可以推断出他触犯了美国法律。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。由文中举的事例可以推断出在QQ上发表恐吓言论可能会给自己带来麻烦。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。全文讲的是在社交媒体上发表言论应该慎重,故D项正确。
八
If yu’re a kid wh likes t have fun and chat with friends nline, here’s advice n hw yu can stay safe and avid prblems.
★Visit safer websites. Yur parents and teachers can guide yu t the best websites. Sme websites have age restrictins, s yu might be tempted t lie abut yur age. It’s safer t tell the truth and avid thse websites until yu’re lder.
★Guard yur passwrds. Yu can set yur wn passwrds. Passwrds are yur secret. It’s dangerus t tell yur passwrds t thers. S, dn’t share yur passwrds with anyne except yur parents.
★Limit what yu share. Never tell a stranger where yu live r yur phne number. If yu’re nt sure whether yu shuld share smething, ask a parent. Remember that anything yu put nline is there frever, even if yu try t delete it. If yu dn’t want yur class t knw r see smething, yu shuldn’t share it with anyne nline, nt even yur best friends.
★Be chsy abut yur nline friends. Sme websites let kids make lts f friends with peple they dn’t knw. But nline friends are nt the same as real in-persn friends. Never agree t meet an nline friend in persn r give ut persnal infrmatin. It’s dangerus because sme peple pretend t be kids nline but actually are bad adults.
1.Which suggestin is abut passwrds?
A.The first ne.B.The secnd ne.
C.The third ne.D.The furth ne.
2.The underlined wrd “chsy” prbably means “ ” in Chinese.
A.挑剔的B.宽松的C.严厉的D.认真的
3.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A.There aren’t any websites which have age restrictins.
B.Yu shuld never tell yur parents abut yur passwrds.
C.Yu can never tell strangers abut yur persnal infrmatin.
D.Online friends are the same as real in-persn friends.
4.The purpse f the passage is t .
A.encurage students t use the Internet mre ften
B.teach students hw t make mre friends
C.ask students t set safe passwrds nline
D.tell students hw t stay safe nline
5.The best title f the passage may be “ ”.
A.Online SafetyB.Safe Websites
C.Passwrd SafetyD.Online Friends
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。题干定位:根据题干中的passwrds可定位到文章的第三段。根据本段的描述可知,第二个建议和密码有关,故答案为B。
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。题干定位:根据题干中的chsy可定位到文章的最后一段。画线词是chsy,结合本段的描述以及构词法可推断,我们要对网上的朋友精挑细选,有所取舍,故chsy的含义是“挑剔的”。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Never tell a stranger where yu live r yur phne number.”可知,你不能告诉陌生人你的个人信息,故选项C是正确的描述。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文的写作目的是“告诉学生如何在上网时保证自己的安全”,故答案为D。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲的是“网络安全”方面的话题,故合适的选项是A。干扰项排除:选项B的含义是“安全的网址”,选项C的含义是“密码安全”,选项D的含义是“网友”,它们分别是第二段、第三段和第五段的段落大意,并不是全文的主旨大意,因此都是可以排除的干扰项。
主旨大意题
1.题型特点
要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(cnclusin)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
2.主旨大意题主要的设问方式
①What’s the main idea f this passage?
②What is the passage mainly abut?
③What des the passage mainly discuss?
④The writer means t tell us that .
⑤The main idea f the passage is that .
⑥The passage is mainly abut .
⑦Frm the passage we can learn/cnclude that .
⑧What’s the best title fr the passage?
⑨What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
⑩The best title fr the passage is .
3.主旨大意题的解题技巧
(1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词,如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。
(2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Tpic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题(Tpic);②阐述控制概念(Cntrlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。
主题句通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在段落中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章(如科普类文章)的时候,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
a.寻找主题句
有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:fr example,an example f,the mst imprtant example,first,secnd,next,then,last,finally,t begin with,als,besides that等。
在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从段落中的fr example可以断定,前一句话是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句话为主题句,在第二句话前面添加一个fr example,看看第二句话是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句话不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。
b.选择答案
先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的转述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。
推理判断题
1.题型特点
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。这种类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求学生根据文章、段落或句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推理题和出处推理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。
2.推理判断题主要的设问方式
①It can be inferred/cncluded/seen frm the passage that...
②Which f the fllwing cnclusins can be drawn accrding t the passage?
③The writer suggests that...
④The writer uses the example shw that...
⑤What’s the writer’s attitude
⑥What’s the writer’s purpse f writing the passage?
⑦Frm the passage,we knw...
⑧The writer prbably agrees that...
3.推理判断题的解题技巧
中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的每个句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识,对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑关系,从而对所读的内容形成较深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,必须根据原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断才能回答。完成推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点:
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实。它一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)、数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度(肯定或否定,赞成或反对,褒扬或讽刺,喜好或厌恶等);从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气(郑重其事还是轻松活泼,实事求是还是夸大其词,真挚热诚还是冷嘲热讽等)。
真题训练
一
Hundreds f years ag, n dandelins(蒲公英)grew in Nrth America. Then peple came frm Eurpe. They had dandelin seeds n their clthes. The seeds fell frm their clthes nt the grund. Since then, dandelins have spread all ver.
Mst peple believe that dandelins are weeds. They d nt want them in their gardens. But sme peple think that dandelin flwers are pretty. And thers think that dandelins taste gd. They ck dandelin leaves r put them int a fresh salad. The leaves must be picked befre the flwers cme ut r they will nt taste gd. Sme peple make dandelin flwers int wine.
Dandelins d nt die easily. If the winter is nt very cld, their leaves may stay green. When the spring arrives, their flwers cme ut. Each night their bright yellw flwers clse up. When the sun shines the next day, they pen up again. Dandelin flwers are very unusual. They d nt have t get pllen(花粉)frm anther dandelin flwer in rder t frm seeds. S after several days, the yellw flwer turns white and sft. A tiny brwn seed frms at the bttm f each white petal(花瓣). When the wind blws, the petals flat away. Each white petal carries a seed away. This lets the dandelins spread their seeds all ver. New dandelins grw where the seeds land.
1.The underlined wrd “weeds” means .
A.pretty flwersB.fresh vegetables
C.wild plantsD.green trees
2.When is the best time t pick dandelin leaves t eat?
A.After their flwers cme ut.
B.After their flwers turn white.
C.Befre their flwers cme ut.
D.Befre their flwers clse up.
3.What is the best title fr this passage?
A.The Histry f Dandelins
B.Dandelins:Flwers r Fd
C.The Use f Dandelins
D.Hw t Grw Dandelins
1.【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。pretty flwers美丽的花;fresh vegetables新鲜的蔬菜;wild plants野生植物;green trees绿树。根据下文They d nt want them in their gardens.可推断出,不希望出现在自己花园的应该是野草。故选C项。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句The leaves must be picked befre the flwers cme ut...可知,采蒲公英叶子吃的最佳时机是在蒲公英开花之前。故选C项。
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了蒲公英的来历,但只是作为一个引子,不是全文的重点;第二段讲了蒲公英的用途,即可用来当食物吃等;第三段主要讲蒲公英开花。由此作者把第二、三段结合起来抛出了这样一个话题:蒲公英是花还是食物?把其作为标题,既突出了文章内容,又吸引眼球。故选B项。
二
Tea is an imprtant part f Chinese traditin. Tea has a very clse relatinship with Chinese culture.
It is said that Chinese tea was discvered by King Shen Nng. Peple say that he lived 5,000 years ag. One summer day,while he was visiting a faraway part f his cuntry, he felt very thirsty. The servants began t make water ht enugh fr him t drink. Dried leaves frm a near plant fell int the water. The king drank sme,and fund it culd make him feel less tired. Als as a scientist,Shen Nng was interested in the new drink. And s,tea was created in 2737 BC.
Drinking tea has many advantages. It makes peple feel less tired,clears heat inside the human bdy and helps peple lse weight. As yu add a cup f tea t yur daily life,please check the fllwing helpful advice.
Drink it ht. Tea xidizes(氧化)quickly,s it is suggested that yu drink it ht.
D nt drink t much strng tea. It will prbably be harmful t yur stmach and make yu feel sick if yu make the tea t strng.
The best time t drink tea is between meals. It may nt make yu have a strng wish t eat when yur stmach is full.
D nt drink with medicine. It may change the medical result. Yu can drink tea tw hurs after yu take medicine.
Green tea is the best chice fr ffice wrkers. Why? Because green tea helps stp the bad result f the cmputer.
1.Paragraph 2 is mainly abut .
A.when King Shen Nng lived
B.where Chinese tea was created
C.hw Chinese tea was discvered
D.why King Shen Nng drank tea
2.Drinking tea has lts f advantages EXCEPT .
A.helping yu lse weight
B.letting yu feel less tired
C.having a strng wish fr fd
D.clearing heat inside yur bdy
3.The passage is mainly written t .
A.let us knw hw tea was discvered
B.give sme advice n drinking tea
C.tell peple the histry f tea
D.advise peple t drink green tea
1.【答案】C
【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段的主题句It is said that Chinese tea was discvered by King Shen Nng.可知该段主要介绍了中国的茶是怎样被发现的,所以选C。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Drinking tea has many advantages.It makes peple feel less tired,clears heat inside the human bdy and helps peple lse weight.可知喝茶有很多好处,它能让人感觉不太累,能清除体内的热量,帮助人们减肥,故答案为C。
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据As yu add a cup f tea t yur daily life,please check the fllwing helpful advice.可知本文介绍了喝茶的注意事项,故答案为B。
三
In Paris,ne freezing winter evening,I was having dinner with my friend,Mr.Dupin,the famus detective.We had just finished ur meal,when there was a lud kncking at the dr.Dupin pened it.There std Mr.Germain,the chief(警长)f the Paris Plice.
We welcmed him warmly,fr he was an ld acquaintance(熟人)whm we hadn’t seen fr a lng time.
“I need yur assistance.”said Germain.“I met a case (案件)that has been giving me a great deal f truble.”“It is very simple but very strange.”
“Als,please keep this secret.If anyne fund ut that I tld yu this,I wuld certainly lse my jb.”
“Well,then,”said the Chief,“I have learned that a very imprtant letter has been stlen frm the king.We are sure wh stle it and that the letter is in his huse.”
“But wh wuld dare d such a thing!”I cried.
“The thief,”said Germain sftly,“is a man wh dares d many dangerus things.He is ne f the mst pwerful and imprtant ministers in the gvernment.He is Minister Dantn!”
“Have yu searched his huse?”
“A lt f times.While Minister Dantn was ut,a lt f well-trained plice fficers carefully searched the entire huse,rm by rm.In fact,we examined everything in the huse but fund nthing.”...
A mnth later,Dupin asked Germain and me t his huse.There he tk ut a letter and handed it t the Chief.We were bth very surprised.
Dupin explained,“I knw Minister Dantn very well.He culd nt hide the letter in any f the usual hiding places.I realized that he might have left the letter ut in the pen,right under everyne’s nse,where n ne wuld search fr it.”
“Then I visited him with my dark glasses n t help me bserve(观察)better.While we were chatting,a dirty,trn letter in the letter hlder suddenly caught my eyes—unusual fr the Minister,wh is careful and neat.”
“I was sure it was the letter.”
“Then I purpsely left my glves behind s I culd cme back again.”
“The next mrning,I hired a man t fire a gun n the street.While the Minister went t see what happened,I stle the letter by replacing it with a similar ne.”On it Dupin wrte these wrds:
Yur plan was gd,but mine was better.
As yu can see,I tk the letter.
—Based n a stry by Edgar Allan Pe
1.The underlined wrd“assistance”in the third paragraph prbably means here.
A.hbbyB.help
C.habitD.hliday
2.Wh is the best at slving difficult cases accrding t the passage?
A.The writer.
D.Minister Dantn.
3.Dupin did all the fllwing things t help get the letter back EXCEPT .
A.wearing his dark glasses when visiting Dantn’s huse
B.leaving his glves purpsely behind in Dantn’s huse
C.hiring a man t fire a gun n the street the next mrning
D.writing sme wrds n the letter he put int the letter hlder
4.Frm the passage we can infer that .
A.Dupin and Dantn are als acquaintances
B.Dupin and the writer are bth detectives
C.Dantn and the writer are new friends
D.Germain and Dantn are dangerus enemies
1.【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据assistance的下文I met a case(案件)that has been giving me a great deal f truble.可知,他遇到了一件麻烦的案子,需要帮助。故选B项。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Germain先生上门求助可知,他破不了案,排除B项;根据第七段可知,Minister Dantn是偷信的人,排除D项;第十段第一、第二句A mnth later,Dupin asked Gemain and me t his huse.There he tk ut a letter and handed it...可知 Dupin 找出了小偷。故选C项。
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第十二、十三、十四、十五段内容可知,A、B、C三项是为了拿回信做的事;根据第十五段中的I stle the letter by replacing it with a similar ne和On it Dupin wrte these wrds可知,D项不是为取回信件而做的事。故选D项。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十一段Dupin explained,“I knw Minister Dantn very well.”可推断,Dupin和Dantn也是熟人。故选A项。
四
D yu knw what yu’d like t be when yu grw up? It takes mst peple many years t find this ut. Fr the yung artist Alexandra Nechita, it never really seemed t be a questin. Frm the day she began drawing at the age f tw, she was an artist.
Alexandra Nechita was brn in Rmania in 1985 and mved t Califrnia when she was still a baby. As a little child, she lved cluring in her cluring bks. Her parents hped she culd spend mre time playing with ther children, s they tk away her cluring bks. Alexandra began drawing her wn pictures and cluring them in.
By the time Alexandra was seven years ld, she had begun painting with il paints. When Alexandra tk a lcal art class, her teacher was amazed at the yung artist’s unusual style f painting. Alexandra’s wrk was similar in sme ways t the paintings by famus artists like Picass. These artists did nt use a realistic style f painting. They allwed their imaginatins t play an imprtant part in their wrk. The interesting thing was that little Alexandra had never seen the wrk f these artists. Peple called her “Little Picass”. This was a great hnur, but Alexandra’s style f painting was all her wn.
Alexandra’s first public shw was held at a Ls Angeles public library when she was nly eight years ld. Peple were amazed at hw yung Alexandra was, but mstly they lved her imaginative artwrk. It did nt take lng fr Alexandra and her wrk t becme famus. She appeared n televisin prgrams and in newspapers and magazines all ver the wrld. The sale f a single piece can earn the yung artist thusands f dllars. But that is nt why Alexandra creates artwrk. She just cannt imagine ding anything else that wuld bring her such jy and satisfactin.
Tday, Alexandra is a full-time artist. She als wrks t help supprt the arts in schls. Alexandra is a strng believer in the pwer f art as a tl f cmmunicatin and a bridge t building peace thrughut the wrld.
1.When did Alexandra begin drawing pictures?
A.At the age f eight.B.At the age f seven.
C.At the age f tw.D.In the year f 1985.
2.Alexandra was called “Little Picass” because .
A.she learned t paint frm Picass
B.her style f painting was like Picass’s
C.she was ne f Picass’s big fans
D.her style f painting was unusual
3.What can we learn frm the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?
A.Only painting can make her s happy and satisfied.
B.Only mney can make her s happy and satisfied.
C.Anything can make her feel happy and satisfied.
D.Nthing can make her feel happy and satisfied.
4.Accrding t the passage, which wrd can best describe Alexandra?
A.Plite.B.Generus.C.Patient.D.Creative.
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Frm the day she began drawing at the age f tw...可知,Alexandra 2岁开始画画。故选C项。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句Alexandra’s wrk was similar in sme ways t the paintings by famus artists like Picass.可知,Alexandra被称作“小毕加索”的原因是她的画画风格和毕加索相似。故选B项。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。画线句意思为:她只是无法想象做其他任何事情能给她带来如此的快乐和满足。说明只有画画能给她带来快乐和满足。故选A项。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。plite有礼貌的;generus大方的;patient耐心的;creative有创造力的。根据第四段第二句 mstly they lved her imaginative artwrk.以及全文描述Alexandra的事例可推断出,她是个很有创造力的女孩。故选D项。
五
The Silk Rad is the name f different rads that lng ag cnnected Eurpe, Africa and Asia. Peple reached these different places alng these rads. Scientists believe peple began t travel the Silk Rad abut 3000 years ag. By the time the Chinese silk trade became imprtant in the wrld, the Silk Rad cvered almst 6500 kilmeters. It went frm Rme t China, which is frm the West t the Far East.
Merchants travelled alng the Silk Rad t carry silk, f curse. They als carried and traded ther things like spices (香料), clth, jewels and gld.
Alng and arund these ancient paths(小路), have cme many fascinating and mysterius stries.
It is said that Rman sldiers wh lst a war travelled thrugh central Asia. They decided t live smewhere near the ancient Chinese villages. Sme f these Rmans married lcal Chinese wmen and the legend f the blnd-haired, blue-eyed tribes f China was started.
Sme histrians believe that the peple f Kashmir were taken away frm their cuntry Israel. They were prisners (俘虏) f war almst 2800 years ag. Peple say that these peple travelled alng the Silk Rad. They kept their Jewish way f life fr a lng time.
During its busiest perid, the Silk Rad allwed peple frm many different cultures and cuntries t meet each ther and mix. The Silk Rad allwed the sharing f valuable things and new ideas. It included peple and trading gds frm different areas. All these peples travelled the Silk Rad, and they shared gds, stries, languages, and cultures.
In mdern times, the ld Silk Rad rutes (路线) are still used, but nw they are crssed by trains instead f camels and hrses. There is even a Silk Rute Museum in Jiuquan in China. It has ver 35,000 bjects frm all alng the Silk Rad. In this way, China prtects the histry f many cuntries and peples.
1.It is clear that .
A.the Silk Rad was divided int Eurpe,Africa and Asia
B.Rman sldiers wuld like t travel alng the Silk Rad
C.peple culd travel t different cuntries alng the Silk Rad
D.peple shared nly silk n the Silk Rad
2.The underlined wrd“Merchants”in the passage prbably means .
A.freignersB.businessmen
C.sldiersD.prisners
3.Accrding t the passage, .
A.the Silk Rad began with the wars
B.the Silk Rad cvered almst 6500 kilmeters in China
C.peple began t travel the Silk Rad abut 3000 years ag
D.peple frm Israel were nt included amng peple n the Silk Rad
4.The ld Silk Rad rutes are still used because .
A.there are many ld stries abut them
B.the histrians and scientists think highly f them
C.China will make gd use f the Silk Rad again
D.peple can keep n travelling and trading alng them
5.The best title fr the passage can be .
A.Stries alng the Silk Rad
B.Silk Rute Museum
C.Trade fr Silk
D.The West and the Far East
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句和第二句可知答案为C项。
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Merchants travelled alng the Silk Rad t carry silk ,f curse. They als carried and traded ther things like spices(香料), clth, jewels and gld.”可知“Merchants”就是商人,故答案为B项。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists believe peple began t travel the Silk Rad abut 3000 years ag.”可知答案为C项。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知,大约3000年前人们开始骑着骆驼和马走丝绸之路,现在坐火车走这条路,人们可以一直沿着这条路旅行和交易。故答案为D项。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一、二段介绍了关于丝绸之路的历史;第三、四、五段介绍了关于丝绸之路的故事;最后两段介绍了丝绸之路的作用和现在的情况。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路,故答案为A项。
六
What is the difference between a fear(害怕)and a phbia?Yu might have a fear f dgs if yu have ever been bitten by ne. Hwever, if yu avid walking dwn streets where yu think there might be a dg, yu may have a phbia, which is a strng unnatural fear. If the fear has started t change a persn’s life, he r she prbably has a phbia. Different surveys say that between 10 and 80 percent f us have at least ne phbia.
Yu can prbably guess what sme f the mst“ppular”phbias are. Flying may be the safest way t travel, but many peple are scared f ding it. Fear f heights is als very cmmn. Fr example, Spider-Man actr Tbey Maquire can’t stand high places. Hwever, Tbey is nt afraid f spiders that mst peple are afraid f. Rupert Grint, wh plays in the Harry Ptter mvies, is in fear f spiders.“In ne scene f the mvie, we cme int the large spider’s hle, and there we meet a spider that is the size f an elephant and really scary because he has these hairs. I’m really scared f spiders,”he said.
.Fr example, cats are very cute fr mst f us, but nt fr such pwerful peple in histry as Alexander the Great and Naplean Bnaparte. Actr Nicle Kidman says,“I’m nt scared f snakes r spiders, but I’m scared f butterflies. Smetimes when I came hme frm schl, the biggest butterfly yu had ever seen wuld be just sitting n ur frnt gate. I wuld climb ver the fence, mve slwly t the side f the huse, r d anything t avid having t g thrugh the frnt gate.”Clwns(小丑)are nt s funny fr actr Jhnny Depp, whse childhd memry f the“painted faces and fake smiles”still makes him scared. Sme ther weird(怪诞的)phbias, including chewing gum, ld drs r windws and ftsteps, als fear sme famus persns, such as Orah Winfred, Billy Bb and Sigmund Fred.
1.Rupert Grint wh acted in Harry Ptter is scared f .
A.dgsB.snakesC.spidersD.butterflies
2.Which f the fllwing behavirs can be a phbia fr these persns?
A.Cathy dislikes keeping a pet cat at hme.
B.Victr cannt sleep well befre the exams.
C.Linda feels very tired climbing the muntains.
D.Dris shuts crazily whenever hearing ftsteps at night.
3.Which f the fllwing is the best fr“ ”in Paragraph 3?
A.Sme peple have phbias that are mre unusual
B.N research has been reprted what causes the phbias
C.Dctrs say that mst phbias can be treated successfully
D.Cmmn things are much easier t cause phbias
4.We can infer(推断)frm the passage that .
A.peple are brn with phbias
B.phbias are cmmn in ur daily life
C.famus peple are easier t get phbias
D.phbias d nt influence peple’s life at all
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第六句可知。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四句可知恐惧症的定义,又根据第三段最后一句怪诞的恐惧症的例子可知,答案为D。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段第二句“Fr example,...”可知,此段为演绎式段落,第一句为主题句,又根据下文介绍不寻常的恐惧症类型可知,答案为A。
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及第二段恐惧症的常见类型可推知答案。
七
A 12-year-ld girl frm Virginia, US, never thught that a simple message she put nline culd bring her big prblems. She psted the wrds,“Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday”, with three emjis(表情符号)f a gun, a knife and a bmb(炸弹)n Instagram, a scial media(社交媒体). She was tld that she brke the law because f threatening(威胁)her schl.
This prblem is nt far away frm us. Nt lng ag, Ni Hanxiang, a Chinese student at a university in the US, was sent back t China after expressing n scial media that he wuld kill his teachers if he failed t pass his exams.
In China, psting threatening wrds nline is als against the law. In 2013, Wu Hngfei, a singer, gt int truble fr saying n weib that she wanted t blw up a building.
“Threatening happens nt nly face t face but als thrugh the Internet, scial media and the telephne,”said Mr.Ca, a lawyer frm Chngqing.“Althugh the law f China prtects peple’s right f free speech, it desn’t include wrds that threaten thers’ lives and natinal safety.”
“Sme peple may nt mean t threaten. They may just be trying t say‘I’m strng’,”said Fred Pratt, a lawyer frm the US.
The girl’s mther said her daughter was a gd kid wh had never been in truble befre. Ni Hanxiang als said he didn’t realize that what he put nline was s serius.
“But nt knwing the law desn’t mean the law will treat yu any differently if yu break it,”says David Allen Green, a lawyer frm the UK. S, d yu think we’d better spend a minute r tw thinking abut the wrds r emjis we use n scial media befre we press“send”?
1.The 12-year-ld girl frm Virginia put the wrds“Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday”, with three emjis .
A.in her wn diaryB.in a letter t her friend
C.n a scial mediaD.n the wall f the library
2.Ni Hanxiang was sent back t China .
A.because he brke the US law
B.because he wasn’t hnest
C.after he killed his teachers
D.after he blew up a building
3.Frm this passage, we can infer(推断)that .
A.Fred Pratt thinks sme peple may nt mean t threaten
B.the girl’s mther didn’t think her daughter was a bad child
C.cheating in an examinatin at schl may get yu int truble
D.putting threatening wrds n QQ may bring yu prblems
4.This passage mainly wants t tell us that .
A.we shuldn’t break the US law if we study at a university in the US
B.students and singers shuldn’t pst wrds r emjis n scial media
C.students shuld study hard at schl and nt use the Internet t much
D.we shuld be careful when we send wrds r emjis n scial media
1.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知,她是在一个社交媒体上发表的。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。由第一段最后一句中“brke the law”和第二段可以推断出他触犯了美国法律。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。由文中举的事例可以推断出在QQ上发表恐吓言论可能会给自己带来麻烦。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。全文讲的是在社交媒体上发表言论应该慎重,故D项正确。
八
If yu’re a kid wh likes t have fun and chat with friends nline, here’s advice n hw yu can stay safe and avid prblems.
★Visit safer websites. Yur parents and teachers can guide yu t the best websites. Sme websites have age restrictins, s yu might be tempted t lie abut yur age. It’s safer t tell the truth and avid thse websites until yu’re lder.
★Guard yur passwrds. Yu can set yur wn passwrds. Passwrds are yur secret. It’s dangerus t tell yur passwrds t thers. S, dn’t share yur passwrds with anyne except yur parents.
★Limit what yu share. Never tell a stranger where yu live r yur phne number. If yu’re nt sure whether yu shuld share smething, ask a parent. Remember that anything yu put nline is there frever, even if yu try t delete it. If yu dn’t want yur class t knw r see smething, yu shuldn’t share it with anyne nline, nt even yur best friends.
★Be chsy abut yur nline friends. Sme websites let kids make lts f friends with peple they dn’t knw. But nline friends are nt the same as real in-persn friends. Never agree t meet an nline friend in persn r give ut persnal infrmatin. It’s dangerus because sme peple pretend t be kids nline but actually are bad adults.
1.Which suggestin is abut passwrds?
A.The first ne.B.The secnd ne.
C.The third ne.D.The furth ne.
2.The underlined wrd “chsy” prbably means “ ” in Chinese.
A.挑剔的B.宽松的C.严厉的D.认真的
3.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A.There aren’t any websites which have age restrictins.
B.Yu shuld never tell yur parents abut yur passwrds.
C.Yu can never tell strangers abut yur persnal infrmatin.
D.Online friends are the same as real in-persn friends.
4.The purpse f the passage is t .
A.encurage students t use the Internet mre ften
B.teach students hw t make mre friends
C.ask students t set safe passwrds nline
D.tell students hw t stay safe nline
5.The best title f the passage may be “ ”.
A.Online SafetyB.Safe Websites
C.Passwrd SafetyD.Online Friends
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。题干定位:根据题干中的passwrds可定位到文章的第三段。根据本段的描述可知,第二个建议和密码有关,故答案为B。
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。题干定位:根据题干中的chsy可定位到文章的最后一段。画线词是chsy,结合本段的描述以及构词法可推断,我们要对网上的朋友精挑细选,有所取舍,故chsy的含义是“挑剔的”。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Never tell a stranger where yu live r yur phne number.”可知,你不能告诉陌生人你的个人信息,故选项C是正确的描述。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文的写作目的是“告诉学生如何在上网时保证自己的安全”,故答案为D。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲的是“网络安全”方面的话题,故合适的选项是A。干扰项排除:选项B的含义是“安全的网址”,选项C的含义是“密码安全”,选项D的含义是“网友”,它们分别是第二段、第三段和第五段的段落大意,并不是全文的主旨大意,因此都是可以排除的干扰项。
相关试卷
专题10. 阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（牛津译林版）： 这是一份专题10. 阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（牛津译林版），文件包含专题10阅读技巧--主旨大意题推理判断题解析版docx、专题10阅读技巧--主旨大意题推理判断题原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题10. 阅读理解--主旨大意题、推理判断题 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（仁爱版）： 这是一份专题10. 阅读理解--主旨大意题、推理判断题 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（仁爱版），文件包含专题10阅读理解--主旨大意题推理判断题解析版docx、专题10阅读理解--主旨大意题推理判断题原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题8. 阅读理解--主旨大意题、推理判断题 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（外研版）： 这是一份专题8. 阅读理解--主旨大意题、推理判断题 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（外研版），文件包含专题8阅读理解之推理判断主旨大意题解析版docx、专题8阅读理解之推理判断主旨大意题原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
