外研版必修4Module 4 Great Scientists学案

Module 4 Great Scientists

科学家在我们每一个人的心中都是崇高的。古往今来，无数的科学家用他们的精神激励着我们。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦就是其中一位。

It seemed that Albert Einstein had changed the whole business.In fact，he did not invent the “thought experiment”， but he raised it to high art.Imagine twins，wearing identical  watches; one stays home，while the other rides in a spaceship near the speed of light ...little wonder that from 1919，Einstein was，and remains today，the world's most famous scientist.

In his native Germany he became a target for hatred because he was a Jew，a liberal，a humanist，an internationalist.His powerful voice later was widely heard，especially after he moved to the US.Meanwhile，like any famous people，he made bits of legend: that he failed math in school (not true)．That he opened a book and found an uncashed $1，500 check he had left as a bookmark (maybe he was absent­minded about everyday affairs)．That he was careless about socks，collars，slippers ...that he couldn't even remember his address: 112 Mercer Street in Princeton，where he finally settled .He died there in 1955.And after the rest of Einstein had been cremated，his brain remained for further research.

Thanks to Einstein，we said goodbye to a prior universe and a previous God.Einstein's God was not clockmaker，but the embodiment of reason in nature.This God did not control our actions or even sit in judgement on them.Physics is free，and we too are free，in the Einstein universe which is where we live.

[阅读障碍词]

1．identical adj.　　 完全相同的

2．target n.   目标；指标

3．hatred n.   仇恨；厌恶

4．liberal n.   自由主义者

5．settle v.   定居

6．cremate v.   火化

7．prior adj.   优先的

8．embodiment n.   化身

[诱思导读]

根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)

1．Einstein was the world's most famous scientist in 1919. (　　)

2．Einstein was born at 112 Mercer Street in Princeton. (　　)

3．We have made up a lot of stories about Einstein. (　　)

[答案]　1－3　FFT

Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思

(　　)1.figure　　　　　 A．n.突破

(　　)2.educate    B．n.数量

(　　)3.original   C．n.产量

(　　)4.publish   D．n.人物

(　　)5.breakthrough   E．v.教育

(　　)6.support   F．v.出版

(　　)7.production   G．v.支持

(　　)8.export   H．v.出口

(　　)9.replace   I．v.取代；以……代替

(　　)10.quantity   J．adj.原来的；最初的

[答案]　1－5　DEJFA　6－10　GCHIB

Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思

A．培养；养育　B．……的关键　C．对……进行实验   D．引进　E．由于……的结果　F．涉及；提到

1．The key to our success in these areas was the team and the culture.       

2．He never referred to his sisters in his letters.       

3．New ideas have been brought in since China was opened to the outside world.       

4．After experimenting with different types of wheat, Dr Lee decided to popularize the new species in the countryside.       

5．As a result of evolution, it seems to me that humans should have no more value than any other creature.       

6．The woman brought up five children.       

[答案]　1－6　BFDCEA

The Student Who Asked Questions

In a hungry world rice is a staple(主要的) food and China is the world's largest producer(生产者). Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries, and in some European countries like Italy. In the rice­growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading(主要的) figure.

Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China. As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname(绰号), “the student who asks questions”①.

问问题的学生

在全球粮食短缺的情况下，稻米是主要粮食，而中国是世界上最大的稻米产地。亚洲其他许多国家和一些欧洲国家比如意大利等也种植水稻。在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。

袁隆平在中国出生并长大。小时候，他在很多学校接受教育，并且得到绰号“问问题的学生”。

[助读讲解]　①the student who asks questions是the nickname的同位语，其中who引导定语从句修饰先行词the student。

From an early age he was interested in plants. He studied agriculture(农学) in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding(培育). He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.② He thought there was only one way to do this — by crossing different species(动物或植物的种) of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield(产量) than either of the original plants③.

袁隆平从小就对植物感兴趣。他在大学里研究农学，作为一名年轻的教师，他开始了作物育种方面的实验。他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。他想只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过杂交不同品种的水稻，然后他可以培育出一种新的水稻，这种水稻可以比原先的任何一种产量更高。

First Yuan Longping experimented with different types of rice. The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966. Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant. It had to be male. It had to be sterile(不孕育的). Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered. This was the breakthrough. Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system④. The research was supported by the government.

首先，袁隆平对不同品种的水稻进行实验。1966年，他的实验结果在中国发表了。接着，他开始寻找一种特殊的水稻。这种水稻必须是雄性且不结果的。终于在1970年，一株天然的雄性不育稻被发现。这是一个突破。中国各地的研究者们被召集在一起开发新的水稻品种。这项研究得到了政府的支持。   

[助读讲解]　④to develop the new system为不定式短语作目的状语。

As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's. There were other advantages too. 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted(改变；转换) to growing vegetables and other cash crops. Following this⑤， Yuan Longping's rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.

由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。这一发现还带来了其他的好处。5万平方千米的稻田被改种蔬菜和其他经济作物。在这之后，袁隆平研制的水稻还出口到巴基斯坦和菲律宾等其他国家。   

[助读讲解]　⑤Following this为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country. The new hybrid(杂交种) rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High­tech Agricultural Company of China. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan⑥.

在巴基斯坦，水稻是继小麦之后第二重要的作物并将在这个国家的许多地方种植。中国袁隆平高科技农业公司已培育出新的杂交水稻。它的产量比巴基斯坦种植的其他类型的水稻要高很多。  

 [助读讲解]　⑥grown in Pakistan为过去分词短语作定语修饰other types of rice。

第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意

速读P32教材课文，匹配段落大意

(　　)1.Para.1　　　 A．The advantages and positive  

 effects of Yuan Longping's

 discoveries.

(　　)2.Para.2   B．How Yuan Longping succeeded

 in producing a new plant giving a

 higher yield.

(　　)3.Paras.3－4   C．As a boy，Yuan Longping

 liked asking questions when he was at

 school.

(　　)4.Paras.5－6   D．Yuan Longping is a leading

 figure in the rice­growing world.

[答案]　1—4　DCBA

第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息

细读P32教材课文，选择最佳答案

1．Yuan Longping         ．

A．is a leading scientist in industry

B．was born and brought up in China

C．was educated in a famous school for many years

D．was given a nickname because he was very naughty

2．Why was Yuan given the nickname “the student who asks questions”？

A．Because he was stupid.

B．Because he did not learn well in the class.

C．Because he was curious about the lessons and wanted to learn more.

D．Because he learned more questions.

3．The only way that Yuan Longping thought to produce more rice quickly was         ．

A．to be interested in plants

B．to study agriculture in college

C．to begin experiments in crop breeding

D．to cross different species of rice plant

4．As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries，        ．

A．Chinese rice production doubled

B．more cash crops and more vegetables are planted

C．few foreign countries like to plant the rice any more

D．rice becomes the most important crop in Pakistan

[答案]　1—4　BCDB

第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考

根据P32教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

The Chinese scientist，Yuan Longping，is a 1.leading (lead) figure in the rice­growing world.He was born and brought 2.up in China.As a boy he 3.was educated (educate) in many schools.He studied agriculture in college.After 4.graduating(graduate) from Southwest Agriculture College，he has devoted 5.himself(he) to agriculture education and research ever since.He thought that the key to 6.feeding (feed) people was to have more rice and to produce it 7.more(much) quickly.

After many years' hard work，he produced 8.a new plant by crossing different species of rice plant，9.which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.This breakthrough in rice breeding has made great 10.contributions (contribution) to the world.