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英语必修4Module 4 Great Scientists说课课件ppt
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这是一份英语必修4Module 4 Great Scientists说课课件ppt，文件包含Module4第2课时ppt、Module4第2课时doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
Great Scientists
1.1.1 集合的概念
第二课时 Grammar
Ⅰ.被动语态根据汉语完成句子，体会句中时态的用法。①We________als________a lt f hmewrk t d.我们也有很多作业要做。②I________________t g t Harbin n business yesterday.我昨天被要求去哈尔滨出差了。③A speech________________this afternn.今天下午有一个演讲。
will be given
④A new schl _________________in ur village. 一所新学校正在我们村建设。⑤The machine________________ at this time yesterday。昨天的这个时候，机器正在被修理。⑥Tw hundred trees___________________by nw.到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
is being built
was being repaired
have been planted
Ⅱ.by＋v.ing形式根据汉语完成句子。 ①I tried t wake up my wife____________the drbell，but she was fast asleep.我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。②She earned mney_____________.她通过写作赚钱。
by bringing
1.career n．[C]生涯；经历；职业，事业She spent mst f her career wrking in labratry.她工作生涯中的大部分时间都是在实验室度过的。lk back n a successful career对成功经历的回顾She started her career as an English teacher.她以当英语教师开始了她的职业生涯。
辨析：career, ccupatin与 prfessin
He's already mapped ut his whle future career.他对自己未来的事业有了周详的计划。Cal mining has always been a dangerus ccupatin.采煤向来是一种危险职业。Des she really think f adpting teaching as a prfessin?她真想拿教书作正式的职业吗？
即学即用语法填空Mdel as a ________ appeals t many yung girls because f the fascinating Tstage.答案：career career“职业，事业”，符合句意。句意为：模特，作为一种职业，吸引众多年轻女性的原因是它那迷人的T型舞台。
2．brief adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的Please be brief because I'm in a hurry.我有急事，请长话短说。He wrte me a brief letter because f the shrtage f time.因为时间紧迫，他给我写了一封短信。
知识拓展(1)briefly adv. 简要地；扼要地Briefly, I think we shuld accept his ffer.简言之，我认为我们应该接受他的提议。(2)固定搭配：t be brief简而言之(作插入语)T be brief, it is nt my type.简言之，这不是我喜欢的类型。
in brief简言之；一言以蔽之Give yur reasn(s) in brief.简单说明你的理由。(3)brief and t the pint 简单扼要The letter he wrte was brief and t the pint.他写的这封信简明扼要。
辨析：in brief与 in shrtThere is nt much time left, s I'll tell yu abut it in brief.时间不多，所以我会简明扼要地告诉你。In shrt, he was careless.总之，他粗心大意。
即学即用语法填空(1)It's a lng letter, but ________brief, he says“N”．答案：in in brief“简短地”，此处，in brief(＝in a wrd, in shrt) 用作插入语，句意为：信很长，但简言之，他拒绝了。(2)N ne likes lng speeches, s Tm just made a(n)________ ne that was well received.答案：brief brief“简短的”，与前半句的“lng”形成对比。句意为：没有人喜欢太长的演说，因此汤姆只作了一个易于接受的简短的演讲。
3．graduate vi.毕业 n．[C](大学)毕业生After he graduated, he cntinued t devte himself t research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。Nearly half f the high schl graduates in America g n t cllege.美国中学毕业生中将近一半人要念大学。
知识拓展(1)graduate 是终止性动词。It's tw years since he graduated.他毕业已经两年了。(2)graduate frm 从……毕业These graduates all graduated frm the University f Oxfrd.这些大学生都毕业于牛津大学 。(3)graduatin n．[U]毕业；毕业典礼What are yu ging t d after graduatin?毕业后你打算干什么？Many visitrs came t last year's graduatin.许多客人参加了去年的毕业典礼。
即学即用语法填空—Hw lng have yu been a dctr?—Since 1995, when I ________ (graduate)frm cllege.答案：graduated graduate frm“从……毕业”。句意为：——你当医生多久了？——自从1995年我大学毕业以来。由句意可知用一般过去时。
4．persnal adj.个人的In my persnal pinin, I am against the plan.依我个人的意见，我反对这个计划。
知识拓展(1)persnally adv.就个人而言Persnally, I dn't like the skirt at all.就我而言，我一点都不喜欢这条裙子。(2)persnality n．[C]性格；个性；人格The purpse f educatin is t develp a fine persnality f children.教育的目的是发展孩子完美的品格。
辨析：persnal 与privateThe car is fr yur persnal use nly.这部车只供你个人使用。He never talks abut his private life at wrk.他上班时从不谈论他的私人生活。
即学即用语法填空After the president made an fficial annuncement, she expressed her ________ pinin.答案：persnal persnal“个人的”，符合题意。句意为：总统发表正式讲话之后，她表达了自己的(个人的)意见。
5．case n.(1)事例；病例(2)特殊情况；事例；实情(3)案件①There are five cases f high fever.有5个发高烧的病人。②Such being the case, yu can't g away.既然情况如此，你就不能离开。
知识拓展in any case 无论如何；总之in case 万一；以防in case f 要是；如果；万一①In any case, yu'll have t be at the statin by nine.无论如何，你九点钟得到车站。②In case f fire, ring the alarm bell.如遇大火，即按警铃。③Take warm clthes in case that the weather is cld.带些暖和衣服，以防天气变冷。
即学即用语法填空(1)________fire, all exits must be kept clear.答案：In case f 考查介词短语的用法。句意为：万一发生火灾，所有的出口必须保持畅通无阻。in case f意为“万一；以防”，符合句意。(2)(辽宁高考改编)Leave yur key with yur neighbr ________ yu lck yurself ut ne day.答案：in case 本题考查连词的用法。句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防某天你把自己锁在外面。in case“以防，万一”，符合句意。
1.be knwn fr 因为……而著名；其后常跟表示人或物的特点、特长等方面的词语。The islands are knwn fr their hspitality.岛上的居民以好客闻名。
知识拓展(1)be knwn as 作为……而著名；以……而著称，其后常跟表示身份、职业的名词。She was well knwn as an excellent dancer.她被称为一位杰出的舞蹈家。(2)be knwn t……为某人所知。The beggar is knwn t everybdy in the neighburhd.住在这个地区的人都知道这个乞丐。
即学即用语法填空(1)Speaking f all the sngs he has written, I think this is prbably his________(wellknwn)ne.答案：bestknwn wellknwn的比较级和最高级分别为betterknwn和bestknwn。根据句意比较范围是他写的所有的歌“all the sngs”，判断应用最高级。
(2)完成句子①杭州以西湖而闻名。Hangzhu ________ ________ ________ the West Lake.②这就是人们所说的“适者生存”。This was what ________ ________ ________ “the survival f the fittest”．③中国人对火药熟知比欧洲人早得多。The use f gunpwder ________ ________ ________ the Chinese lng befre the Eurpeans.答案：①is knwn fr ②was knwn as ③was knwn t
2．earn ne's living 谋生He earned his living by teaching.他以教书谋生。
知识拓展(1)同义短语：make a(ne's)living 谋生(2)earn可以加双宾语earn sb.sth. “为某人赢得某物”(3)earn mney＝make mney 挣钱(注意make mney不是“造钱”)
即学即用单句改错These peasants earn their livings by grwing flwers.________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：livings改为living
3．cme t pwer 开始执政；当权；上台The Labr Party came t pwer in 1945.工党在1945年开始执政。
知识拓展in pwer 当权take pwer 当权；执政put... int pwer 使执政/上台have / hld pwer ver sth. 对……有控制权beynd ne's pwer 不能胜任；力所不能及
即学即用语法填空It has been five years since this party came________(pwer)．Many peple wnder whether it will stay n.答案：t pwer 句意：这个政党已经执政5年了，许多人想知道它是否还会继续下去。since引导的状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。cme t pwer“掌权”。
表解语法助记表一：被动语态的构成
被动语态的用法巧记谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。被动不离“be”“p.p.”，p．p.前面助动be。主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意。
表三：“by＋v-ing”形式
即学即用语法填空(1)—What d yu think f stre shpping in the future?—Persnally，I think it will exist alng with hme shpping but will never________(replace)．答案：be replaced 考查时态和语态。 句意：——你认为将来的商店购物会怎么样？——就我个人而言，它会和家庭购物同时存在，但是永远也不会被家庭购物所替代。replace“取代，代替，替换”，是及物动词，用被动语态
(2)In the near future, mre advances in the rbt technlgy________(make) by scientists.答案：will be made 考查时态和语态。通过in the near future可知应该用将来时，且advances与动词make构成被动关系。因此用将来时被动语态。句意：在不久的将来，科学家们将在机器人科技方面取得更多的进步。(3)All visitrs t this village ________(treat) with kindness.答案：are treated 考查动词时态和语态。句意：去这个村庄的所有游客都受到了友善地接待。visitrs与treat之间为被动关系，且本句话没有明显的表示过去的时间标志，用一般被动语态。
(4)In the last few years, thusands f films ________(prduce) all ver the wrld.答案：have been prduced 考查时态和语态。由时间状语In the last few years可知本句应用现在完成时，thusands f films与prduce之间存在被动关系，用被动。句意：在过去的几年里，全世界制作了数以千计部电影。
(5)This castal area________(name) a natinal wildlife reserve last year.答案：was named 考查时态和语态。句意：这个沿海地区去年被命名为国家野生动植物保护区。由题干中的时间状语last year可知，要用一般过去时态；area和name之间是被动关系，所以用被动。
(6)Traditinal flk arts f Tianjin like paper cutting________(exhibit) at the culture shw f the 2010 Shanghai Wrld Exp.答案：are being exhibited 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：天津的传统民间艺术，例如剪纸，正在2010年上海世博会的文化展上展出。句中的主语traditinal flk arts是复数，并且与exhibit有被动关系，故用进行时的被动。
(7)It is reprted that many a new huse________(build)at present in the disaster area.答案：is being built 考查主谓一致和时态。“many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语要用单数形式；由时间状语at present可知，要用现在进行时态；huse和build之间是被动关系，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态。句意：据报道，目前受灾地区正在建造许多新房子。
(8)Every year a fld f farmers arrive in Shenzhen fr the mney—— making jbs they________(prmise) befre leaving their hmetwns.答案：have been prmised 考查动词时态。句意：每年，大批的农民来到深圳，寻找离家前被许诺过的能赚到钱的工作。根据时间状语every year可判断用与现在有关的时态；根据时间状语befre leaving their hmetwns可判断，农民们在离开家乡之前被许诺能找到赚钱的工作，所以用被动语态。
(9)In the spken English f sme areas in the US，the“r” sunds at the end f the wrds________(drp)．答案：are drpped 考查动词时态。句意：在美国一些地区的英语口语中，单词结尾的字母r的发音通常被弱化。根据句意可知，此处描述的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。(10)Yu've failed t d what yu ________(expect) t and I'm afraid the teacher will blame yu.答案：were expected 考查被动语态。yu作主语应该用被动结构，分析句意可知动作发生在failed t d 之前，应该选择过去时态。
(11)Linda, make sure the tables ________(set) befre the guests arrive.答案：are set 考查动词的用法。make sure表示“务必；确信；弄明白”，后面常接f/abut sth.或that引导的宾语从句。很明显，此处其后接的是that引导的宾语从句，只不过从句中省略了引导词that。从句中的主语the tables“和谓语动词set之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态。
(12)The church twer which ________(restre) will be pen t turists sn. The wrk is almst finished.答案：is being restred restre“恢复；修复”，和句子的主语有动宾关系，所以用被动语态。根据后面的“The wrk is almst finished.”可知，动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
(13)(四川高考改编) They are living with their parents fr the mment because their wn huse ________(rebuilt). 答案： is being rebuilt 本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他们目前和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在被重建。由句意可知，房子是在被重建，故用被动语态，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。
(14)(北京高考改编)—Have yu heard abut that fire in the market?—Yes, frtunately n ne ________(hurt)．答案：was hurt 本题考查时态及语态。 句意：——你听说在超市发生的那场火灾吗？——是的，幸好没有人员伤亡。火灾发生在过去故用一般过去时，又因为n ne与hurt之间为被动关系，用过去时的被动语态。
Ⅰ.单词拼写1．I dn't want t sund cnceited, but I think my new bk might be a________(畅销书)．2．Due t a plice mixup, the rbber went free while the________(受害人)was jailed.3．Hwever________(聪颖) yu are, yu can't knw everything.4. During the mst prductive time in her ________(生涯), she wrte five nvels.
5．Please tell me what happened in ________(简洁)；dn't g int details.6．He has devted himself t teaching since he________(毕业)frm the schl.7．The surgen________(诊断) his illness as a rare bne disease.8．He serves the public whleheartedly, regardless f his________(个人)gain r lss.
9．P fitness is having a strng healthy bdy.10．Einstein gained internatinal recgnitin in his thery f________(相对论)．答案：1.best-seller 2.victim 3.brilliant 4.career 5．brief 6.graduated 7.diagnsed 8.persnal 9．Physical 10.relativity
Ⅱ.用所给词语的适当形式完成句子1．The travelers wh________ the flds tk anther rad.2．The Chinese Ma Tai wine________ all ver the wrld.3．Clumbus________America but did nt explre the new cntinent.4．It's a pity that nne f us have________ the driving test.
5．________！ Yu gave a very gd perfrmance.6．Newtn discvered the laws f gravity, which is a great________ in science.7．He was suppsed t have________ cllege tw years ag.8．He used t________by playing ftball.9．I like my schl, which________its excellent facilities.10．He didn't knw Hera had________abut his secret.答案：1.knew abut 2.is ppular 3.discvered 4.passed 5.Well dne 6.breakthrugh 7.graduated frm 8.earn their living 9.is famus fr 10.fund ut
Ⅲ.语法填空1．—Hw lng have yu________(emply) at this jb?—Since 1990.答案：been emplyed 从答语可知，说话人问的是一段时间，since表示“从过去(某一时间)一直到现在”，因此用现在完成时。2．If city nises________(nt keep) frm increasing, peple________(have t) shut t be heard even at the dinner table 20 years frm nw.答案：are nt kept；will have t keep与nises是动宾关系，主句说的是20年以后的事，故用将来时态。
3．—D yu like the material?—Yes, it________(feel) very sft.答案：feels feel意思为“摸起来”，是系动词，不用被动语态，也不用进行时。4．I need ne mre stamp befre my cllectin________(cmplete)．答案：is cmpleted cllectin与cmplete是动宾关系，befre从句用一般现在时态表将来。
5．Hundreds f jbs________(lse) if the factry clses.答案：will be lst if从句用一般现在时态表将来，主句用将来时态；lse jbs“失去工作”。6．A new cinema ________(build) here. They hpe t finish it next mnth.答案：is being built 从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设中，而且是被动语态。
7．(2014·南平高一检测改编)A new cinema________(build) here. They hpe t finish it next muth.答案：is being built 句意：新影院正在兴建中，人们希望下个月完工。a new cinema作主语，谓语动词应该用被动。根据后面的句意“下个月完工”，可知现在正在兴建中，故选择现在进行时的被动结构。
8．(2014·宿州高一检测改编)In the fire, all the peple in the building were________(help ut) ahead f time when the building fell dwn.答案：helped ut 句意：发生火灾时，大楼里所有人在大楼倒塌之前被提前救了出来。根据句意“人被救出来”，应该选择被动结构。help ut帮助，帮助……出来。
9．The stne n the river bank rlled under her feet; she was________(pull) int the river, and she called ut fr help.答案：being pulled 句意：河岸的石头滚到她的脚下；把她推到了河里，于是她喊救命。she和空格处的动词构成动宾关系，应该选用被动语态。根据and she called ut fr help可以看出“当她在被卷入河中时，她喊救命”，所以用being pulled。
10．His sister left hme in 1998，and________(nt hear f) ever since.答案：has nt been heard f 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他妹妹于1998年离开了家，之后再也没有听到她的消息。根据时间状语ever since可知，应该使用现在完成时；句子的主语his sister与谓语hear f之间是动宾关系，故应该使用被动语态，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
Great Scientists
1.1.1 集合的概念
第二课时 Grammar
Ⅰ.被动语态根据汉语完成句子，体会句中时态的用法。①We________als________a lt f hmewrk t d.我们也有很多作业要做。②I________________t g t Harbin n business yesterday.我昨天被要求去哈尔滨出差了。③A speech________________this afternn.今天下午有一个演讲。
will be given
④A new schl _________________in ur village. 一所新学校正在我们村建设。⑤The machine________________ at this time yesterday。昨天的这个时候，机器正在被修理。⑥Tw hundred trees___________________by nw.到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
is being built
was being repaired
have been planted
Ⅱ.by＋v.ing形式根据汉语完成句子。 ①I tried t wake up my wife____________the drbell，but she was fast asleep.我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。②She earned mney_____________.她通过写作赚钱。
by bringing
1.career n．[C]生涯；经历；职业，事业She spent mst f her career wrking in labratry.她工作生涯中的大部分时间都是在实验室度过的。lk back n a successful career对成功经历的回顾She started her career as an English teacher.她以当英语教师开始了她的职业生涯。
辨析：career, ccupatin与 prfessin
He's already mapped ut his whle future career.他对自己未来的事业有了周详的计划。Cal mining has always been a dangerus ccupatin.采煤向来是一种危险职业。Des she really think f adpting teaching as a prfessin?她真想拿教书作正式的职业吗？
即学即用语法填空Mdel as a ________ appeals t many yung girls because f the fascinating Tstage.答案：career career“职业，事业”，符合句意。句意为：模特，作为一种职业，吸引众多年轻女性的原因是它那迷人的T型舞台。
2．brief adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的Please be brief because I'm in a hurry.我有急事，请长话短说。He wrte me a brief letter because f the shrtage f time.因为时间紧迫，他给我写了一封短信。
知识拓展(1)briefly adv. 简要地；扼要地Briefly, I think we shuld accept his ffer.简言之，我认为我们应该接受他的提议。(2)固定搭配：t be brief简而言之(作插入语)T be brief, it is nt my type.简言之，这不是我喜欢的类型。
in brief简言之；一言以蔽之Give yur reasn(s) in brief.简单说明你的理由。(3)brief and t the pint 简单扼要The letter he wrte was brief and t the pint.他写的这封信简明扼要。
辨析：in brief与 in shrtThere is nt much time left, s I'll tell yu abut it in brief.时间不多，所以我会简明扼要地告诉你。In shrt, he was careless.总之，他粗心大意。
即学即用语法填空(1)It's a lng letter, but ________brief, he says“N”．答案：in in brief“简短地”，此处，in brief(＝in a wrd, in shrt) 用作插入语，句意为：信很长，但简言之，他拒绝了。(2)N ne likes lng speeches, s Tm just made a(n)________ ne that was well received.答案：brief brief“简短的”，与前半句的“lng”形成对比。句意为：没有人喜欢太长的演说，因此汤姆只作了一个易于接受的简短的演讲。
3．graduate vi.毕业 n．[C](大学)毕业生After he graduated, he cntinued t devte himself t research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。Nearly half f the high schl graduates in America g n t cllege.美国中学毕业生中将近一半人要念大学。
知识拓展(1)graduate 是终止性动词。It's tw years since he graduated.他毕业已经两年了。(2)graduate frm 从……毕业These graduates all graduated frm the University f Oxfrd.这些大学生都毕业于牛津大学 。(3)graduatin n．[U]毕业；毕业典礼What are yu ging t d after graduatin?毕业后你打算干什么？Many visitrs came t last year's graduatin.许多客人参加了去年的毕业典礼。
即学即用语法填空—Hw lng have yu been a dctr?—Since 1995, when I ________ (graduate)frm cllege.答案：graduated graduate frm“从……毕业”。句意为：——你当医生多久了？——自从1995年我大学毕业以来。由句意可知用一般过去时。
4．persnal adj.个人的In my persnal pinin, I am against the plan.依我个人的意见，我反对这个计划。
知识拓展(1)persnally adv.就个人而言Persnally, I dn't like the skirt at all.就我而言，我一点都不喜欢这条裙子。(2)persnality n．[C]性格；个性；人格The purpse f educatin is t develp a fine persnality f children.教育的目的是发展孩子完美的品格。
辨析：persnal 与privateThe car is fr yur persnal use nly.这部车只供你个人使用。He never talks abut his private life at wrk.他上班时从不谈论他的私人生活。
即学即用语法填空After the president made an fficial annuncement, she expressed her ________ pinin.答案：persnal persnal“个人的”，符合题意。句意为：总统发表正式讲话之后，她表达了自己的(个人的)意见。
5．case n.(1)事例；病例(2)特殊情况；事例；实情(3)案件①There are five cases f high fever.有5个发高烧的病人。②Such being the case, yu can't g away.既然情况如此，你就不能离开。
知识拓展in any case 无论如何；总之in case 万一；以防in case f 要是；如果；万一①In any case, yu'll have t be at the statin by nine.无论如何，你九点钟得到车站。②In case f fire, ring the alarm bell.如遇大火，即按警铃。③Take warm clthes in case that the weather is cld.带些暖和衣服，以防天气变冷。
即学即用语法填空(1)________fire, all exits must be kept clear.答案：In case f 考查介词短语的用法。句意为：万一发生火灾，所有的出口必须保持畅通无阻。in case f意为“万一；以防”，符合句意。(2)(辽宁高考改编)Leave yur key with yur neighbr ________ yu lck yurself ut ne day.答案：in case 本题考查连词的用法。句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防某天你把自己锁在外面。in case“以防，万一”，符合句意。
1.be knwn fr 因为……而著名；其后常跟表示人或物的特点、特长等方面的词语。The islands are knwn fr their hspitality.岛上的居民以好客闻名。
知识拓展(1)be knwn as 作为……而著名；以……而著称，其后常跟表示身份、职业的名词。She was well knwn as an excellent dancer.她被称为一位杰出的舞蹈家。(2)be knwn t……为某人所知。The beggar is knwn t everybdy in the neighburhd.住在这个地区的人都知道这个乞丐。
即学即用语法填空(1)Speaking f all the sngs he has written, I think this is prbably his________(wellknwn)ne.答案：bestknwn wellknwn的比较级和最高级分别为betterknwn和bestknwn。根据句意比较范围是他写的所有的歌“all the sngs”，判断应用最高级。
(2)完成句子①杭州以西湖而闻名。Hangzhu ________ ________ ________ the West Lake.②这就是人们所说的“适者生存”。This was what ________ ________ ________ “the survival f the fittest”．③中国人对火药熟知比欧洲人早得多。The use f gunpwder ________ ________ ________ the Chinese lng befre the Eurpeans.答案：①is knwn fr ②was knwn as ③was knwn t
2．earn ne's living 谋生He earned his living by teaching.他以教书谋生。
知识拓展(1)同义短语：make a(ne's)living 谋生(2)earn可以加双宾语earn sb.sth. “为某人赢得某物”(3)earn mney＝make mney 挣钱(注意make mney不是“造钱”)
即学即用单句改错These peasants earn their livings by grwing flwers.________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：livings改为living
3．cme t pwer 开始执政；当权；上台The Labr Party came t pwer in 1945.工党在1945年开始执政。
知识拓展in pwer 当权take pwer 当权；执政put... int pwer 使执政/上台have / hld pwer ver sth. 对……有控制权beynd ne's pwer 不能胜任；力所不能及
即学即用语法填空It has been five years since this party came________(pwer)．Many peple wnder whether it will stay n.答案：t pwer 句意：这个政党已经执政5年了，许多人想知道它是否还会继续下去。since引导的状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。cme t pwer“掌权”。
表解语法助记表一：被动语态的构成
被动语态的用法巧记谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。被动不离“be”“p.p.”，p．p.前面助动be。主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意。
表三：“by＋v-ing”形式
即学即用语法填空(1)—What d yu think f stre shpping in the future?—Persnally，I think it will exist alng with hme shpping but will never________(replace)．答案：be replaced 考查时态和语态。 句意：——你认为将来的商店购物会怎么样？——就我个人而言，它会和家庭购物同时存在，但是永远也不会被家庭购物所替代。replace“取代，代替，替换”，是及物动词，用被动语态
(2)In the near future, mre advances in the rbt technlgy________(make) by scientists.答案：will be made 考查时态和语态。通过in the near future可知应该用将来时，且advances与动词make构成被动关系。因此用将来时被动语态。句意：在不久的将来，科学家们将在机器人科技方面取得更多的进步。(3)All visitrs t this village ________(treat) with kindness.答案：are treated 考查动词时态和语态。句意：去这个村庄的所有游客都受到了友善地接待。visitrs与treat之间为被动关系，且本句话没有明显的表示过去的时间标志，用一般被动语态。
(4)In the last few years, thusands f films ________(prduce) all ver the wrld.答案：have been prduced 考查时态和语态。由时间状语In the last few years可知本句应用现在完成时，thusands f films与prduce之间存在被动关系，用被动。句意：在过去的几年里，全世界制作了数以千计部电影。
(5)This castal area________(name) a natinal wildlife reserve last year.答案：was named 考查时态和语态。句意：这个沿海地区去年被命名为国家野生动植物保护区。由题干中的时间状语last year可知，要用一般过去时态；area和name之间是被动关系，所以用被动。
(6)Traditinal flk arts f Tianjin like paper cutting________(exhibit) at the culture shw f the 2010 Shanghai Wrld Exp.答案：are being exhibited 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：天津的传统民间艺术，例如剪纸，正在2010年上海世博会的文化展上展出。句中的主语traditinal flk arts是复数，并且与exhibit有被动关系，故用进行时的被动。
(7)It is reprted that many a new huse________(build)at present in the disaster area.答案：is being built 考查主谓一致和时态。“many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语要用单数形式；由时间状语at present可知，要用现在进行时态；huse和build之间是被动关系，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态。句意：据报道，目前受灾地区正在建造许多新房子。
(8)Every year a fld f farmers arrive in Shenzhen fr the mney—— making jbs they________(prmise) befre leaving their hmetwns.答案：have been prmised 考查动词时态。句意：每年，大批的农民来到深圳，寻找离家前被许诺过的能赚到钱的工作。根据时间状语every year可判断用与现在有关的时态；根据时间状语befre leaving their hmetwns可判断，农民们在离开家乡之前被许诺能找到赚钱的工作，所以用被动语态。
(9)In the spken English f sme areas in the US，the“r” sunds at the end f the wrds________(drp)．答案：are drpped 考查动词时态。句意：在美国一些地区的英语口语中，单词结尾的字母r的发音通常被弱化。根据句意可知，此处描述的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。(10)Yu've failed t d what yu ________(expect) t and I'm afraid the teacher will blame yu.答案：were expected 考查被动语态。yu作主语应该用被动结构，分析句意可知动作发生在failed t d 之前，应该选择过去时态。
(11)Linda, make sure the tables ________(set) befre the guests arrive.答案：are set 考查动词的用法。make sure表示“务必；确信；弄明白”，后面常接f/abut sth.或that引导的宾语从句。很明显，此处其后接的是that引导的宾语从句，只不过从句中省略了引导词that。从句中的主语the tables“和谓语动词set之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态。
(12)The church twer which ________(restre) will be pen t turists sn. The wrk is almst finished.答案：is being restred restre“恢复；修复”，和句子的主语有动宾关系，所以用被动语态。根据后面的“The wrk is almst finished.”可知，动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
(13)(四川高考改编) They are living with their parents fr the mment because their wn huse ________(rebuilt). 答案： is being rebuilt 本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他们目前和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在被重建。由句意可知，房子是在被重建，故用被动语态，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。
(14)(北京高考改编)—Have yu heard abut that fire in the market?—Yes, frtunately n ne ________(hurt)．答案：was hurt 本题考查时态及语态。 句意：——你听说在超市发生的那场火灾吗？——是的，幸好没有人员伤亡。火灾发生在过去故用一般过去时，又因为n ne与hurt之间为被动关系，用过去时的被动语态。
Ⅰ.单词拼写1．I dn't want t sund cnceited, but I think my new bk might be a________(畅销书)．2．Due t a plice mixup, the rbber went free while the________(受害人)was jailed.3．Hwever________(聪颖) yu are, yu can't knw everything.4. During the mst prductive time in her ________(生涯), she wrte five nvels.
5．Please tell me what happened in ________(简洁)；dn't g int details.6．He has devted himself t teaching since he________(毕业)frm the schl.7．The surgen________(诊断) his illness as a rare bne disease.8．He serves the public whleheartedly, regardless f his________(个人)gain r lss.
9．P fitness is having a strng healthy bdy.10．Einstein gained internatinal recgnitin in his thery f________(相对论)．答案：1.best-seller 2.victim 3.brilliant 4.career 5．brief 6.graduated 7.diagnsed 8.persnal 9．Physical 10.relativity
Ⅱ.用所给词语的适当形式完成句子1．The travelers wh________ the flds tk anther rad.2．The Chinese Ma Tai wine________ all ver the wrld.3．Clumbus________America but did nt explre the new cntinent.4．It's a pity that nne f us have________ the driving test.
5．________！ Yu gave a very gd perfrmance.6．Newtn discvered the laws f gravity, which is a great________ in science.7．He was suppsed t have________ cllege tw years ag.8．He used t________by playing ftball.9．I like my schl, which________its excellent facilities.10．He didn't knw Hera had________abut his secret.答案：1.knew abut 2.is ppular 3.discvered 4.passed 5.Well dne 6.breakthrugh 7.graduated frm 8.earn their living 9.is famus fr 10.fund ut
Ⅲ.语法填空1．—Hw lng have yu________(emply) at this jb?—Since 1990.答案：been emplyed 从答语可知，说话人问的是一段时间，since表示“从过去(某一时间)一直到现在”，因此用现在完成时。2．If city nises________(nt keep) frm increasing, peple________(have t) shut t be heard even at the dinner table 20 years frm nw.答案：are nt kept；will have t keep与nises是动宾关系，主句说的是20年以后的事，故用将来时态。
3．—D yu like the material?—Yes, it________(feel) very sft.答案：feels feel意思为“摸起来”，是系动词，不用被动语态，也不用进行时。4．I need ne mre stamp befre my cllectin________(cmplete)．答案：is cmpleted cllectin与cmplete是动宾关系，befre从句用一般现在时态表将来。
5．Hundreds f jbs________(lse) if the factry clses.答案：will be lst if从句用一般现在时态表将来，主句用将来时态；lse jbs“失去工作”。6．A new cinema ________(build) here. They hpe t finish it next mnth.答案：is being built 从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设中，而且是被动语态。
7．(2014·南平高一检测改编)A new cinema________(build) here. They hpe t finish it next muth.答案：is being built 句意：新影院正在兴建中，人们希望下个月完工。a new cinema作主语，谓语动词应该用被动。根据后面的句意“下个月完工”，可知现在正在兴建中，故选择现在进行时的被动结构。
8．(2014·宿州高一检测改编)In the fire, all the peple in the building were________(help ut) ahead f time when the building fell dwn.答案：helped ut 句意：发生火灾时，大楼里所有人在大楼倒塌之前被提前救了出来。根据句意“人被救出来”，应该选择被动结构。help ut帮助，帮助……出来。
9．The stne n the river bank rlled under her feet; she was________(pull) int the river, and she called ut fr help.答案：being pulled 句意：河岸的石头滚到她的脚下；把她推到了河里，于是她喊救命。she和空格处的动词构成动宾关系，应该选用被动语态。根据and she called ut fr help可以看出“当她在被卷入河中时，她喊救命”，所以用being pulled。
10．His sister left hme in 1998，and________(nt hear f) ever since.答案：has nt been heard f 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他妹妹于1998年离开了家，之后再也没有听到她的消息。根据时间状语ever since可知，应该使用现在完成时；句子的主语his sister与谓语hear f之间是动宾关系，故应该使用被动语态，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
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