2020高考英语二轮复习习题册第一章名词冠词
展开第一部分/专题一 冠词、名词
专题一 | 冠词、名词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·浙江高考)Everybody wears ________ same style of clothes.
答案：the 根据same可知，前面一定用the，表示“同样的衣服样式”。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.
答案：the 这里的top指钢轨的顶部，有特指意义，因此填定冠词。句意：这包括挖掘路基，铺设钢轨，然后在上面建一个坚固的棚顶。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.
答案：a model在句中表示泛指，因此用不定冠词。句意：恰恰相反，她在纽约当模特，每天收入6,500英镑。
4．When I traveled in Boston, I lived with ________ Smiths, who were very friendly to me.
答案：the “the＋姓氏名词的复数”表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇”。句意：我在波士顿旅行的时候，同史密斯一家人住在一起，他们对我非常友好。
5．Hearing these words, Tony became really angry and hit Jack in ________ face.
答案：the “vt.＋sb.＋prep.＋the＋身体部位” 表示对某人的某一身体部位的动作，如打，拍，抓等。句意：听到这些话之后，托尼真的生气了，给了杰克一记耳光。
6．When one buys something on hire purchase (分期付款), he/she has to pay out by ________ month.
答案：the “by＋the＋表示单位的名词”表示“以……方式”，by the month意为“按月”。故用the。句意：当人们以分期付款的形式购买东西时，他们得按月付款。
7．(2019·福建厦门一中高三期末)It's never easy for ________ Asian athlete to shine in track and field events.
答案：an 分析句子可知，第一次提及单数名词Asian athlete，故用不定冠词an。句意：对于亚洲运动员来说，在田径项目上突出相当不容易。
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was shortlisted, we thought it was ________ joke.
答案：a 根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。
9．Qingdao is ________ most beautiful coastal city and most people are fond of going swimming there in summer.
答案：a a与most连用，意为“非常；很”，符合语境。句意：青岛是一个非常美丽的海滨城市，大多数人都喜欢夏天去那儿游泳。
10．(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)I'm ________ 18yearold boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress.
答案：an 此处泛指一个18岁的男孩，且所修饰单词的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
答案：the 此处特指“过去的25年”，应用定冠词the。句意：在过去的25年，玉米的产量差不多增长了125%，而水稻只增长了7%。
12．(2019·湖北襄阳调研)In Australia, which has the highest number of food advertisements in children's television in the world, there are ________ average of 12 food ads per hour.
答案：an an average of ...为固定短语，意为“平均……”。句意：澳大利亚是世界上在儿童电视节目中插播食物广告数量最多的国家，平均每小时有12条食物广告。
13．(2019·四川成都诊断)It is so attractive that I decided to go there for ________ second time next year.
答案：a a second time表示“又一次，再一次”，故填a。句意：那里如此迷人，我决定明年再去一次。
14．(2019·安徽合肥检测)Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one
of ________ most important art forms in China.
答案：the 此处意为“最重要的艺术形式之一”，需用形容词最高级形式，空处加定冠词the。
15．It is out of ________ question to expect Rome was built in a day, so we should be patient with our success.
答案：the out of the question意为“不可能”，符合语境。故用定冠词the。注意：out of question意为“毫无疑问”，也是固定短语，但用在此处与语境不符，所以不用零冠词。句意：期望罗马在一天之内建成是不可能的，所以我们要耐心期待我们的成功。
16．(2019·湖南长沙一模)But we are making ________ effort to maintain our community in some form so that we don't lose it.
答案：an make an effort为固定短语，意为“尽力”。句意：但是为了我们不会失去我们的社区，我们正在尽力以一定的形式维持它。
17．The leaders from the world are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Zhejiang.
答案：a 此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词；a new Zhejiang意为“一个新浙江”。故用a。句意：来自全世界的领导人都对这一事实印象深刻，那就是各行各业的人正在为一个新浙江努力工作。
18．(2019·河南郑州测试)Four boys were taking ________ walk in the woods near Montignac.
答案：a take a walk 为固定短语，意为“行走，散步”。句意：四个男孩儿正在蒙提涅克附近的树林里散步。
19．(2019·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)He saw some ladies picking the tea at ________ foot of the mountain.
答案：the 此处at the foot of the mountain意为“在山脚下”，为固定用法。句意：他看见一些女士在山脚下采茶叶。
20．(2019·辽宁省部分重点高中高三联考)From then on, my fear of talking before ________ big audience disappeared.
答案：a 此处表示泛指大量听众，应用“a/an＋(形容词＋)可数名词单数形式”，big是以辅音音素开头，故填a。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
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答案：countryside前加the 去年寒假，“我”和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.
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答案：the→a 这里表示“作为一个孩子”，表泛指，应用“a(n)＋可数名词单数形式”，kid的发音是以辅音音素开头的，应用a，故把the改为a。
3．At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
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答案：去掉the at first为固定短语，其前不用冠词。
4．The Xrays you get at a doctor's or dentist's are not enough to cause cancer.
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答案：a→the at the doctor's/dentist's指“在诊所”，因此此处改a为the。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.
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答案：first前加the/my 表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。
6．(2019·河南名校联考)As the result, their communication with people around them becomes less and less.
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答案：the→a as a result为固定搭配，意为“因此”。故将the改为a。句意：因此，他们与周围人的交流越来越少。
7．(2019·河北邯郸联考)I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight.
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答案：去掉the lose weight意为“减肥”，为固定短语，故将the去掉。
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
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答案：an→a unique的发音是以辅音音素开头的，前面的不定冠词用a。
9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.
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答案：football前加a 根据句意，这里football是可数名词单数，表示泛指，故在football前面加a。
10．(2019·甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)We could go wherever we like in one minute by the spaceship, which would be much faster than a train or an airplane.
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答案：去掉the by＋交通工具(名词)，该名词只能用单数且前无冠词或任何限定词。by spaceship “乘坐飞船”，故去掉the。句意：我们可以乘坐飞船去想去的地方，乘坐飞船比坐火车或者飞机要快得多。
11．He had been taught to be kind and always ready to help people in the trouble in school.
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答案：去掉the in trouble “在困境中，遇到麻烦”，为固定短语，故不用冠词。
12．In this way whole family can enjoy every single bit of life.
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答案：whole前加the whole修饰名词时，指的是一个整体，有特指意义，故用定冠词。
13．Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and an inventor.
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答案：去掉an 涉及一个人的两种身份时，前面的名词之前用冠词，后面的名词之前不用冠词。两个名词前面均有冠词时，指的是两个人。
14．So be careful when you use the taxibooking app the next time.
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答案：去掉第二个the 此处表泛指“下一次”，故用next time，所以去掉the。
15．My parents had moved to England from India during 1970s.
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答案：during后加the the 1970s为固定用法，意为“20世纪70年代”；表示“某世纪某年代”时应在数字前加the。
16．On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.
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答案：hurry前加a in a hurry “匆匆忙忙”，为固定短语。
17．I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.
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答案：wonderful前加a 此处time指“一段时间/时光”。a wonderful time “一段愉快的时光”。
18．Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
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答案：去掉a catch sight of “看见，瞥见”，为固定短语，故sight前面不用冠词。
19．We may be one family and live under a same roof.
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答案：a→the same “相同的”，一般都与the连用，故用定冠词限定。
20．Mr Smith asked you to repeat the phone number the second time so that he could set it down.
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答案：第二个the→a 表示“又，再一次”，要用a second time。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
答案：introduction 由空格前的the和空格后的of可知，此处需用其名词形式。the introduction of “引进……”。句意：只有在引进电动马达和升降机之后，这种发展(在隧道中建铁路)才成为可能。
2．(2019·浙江高考)Other American studies showed no ________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
答案：connection/connections 根据no可知，后面需要connect的名词形式，语意表示“联系、连接”，为可数名词，故填connection/connections。
3．(2019·贵州适应性考试)If we are not aware of these differences, some unusual ________ (thing) might happen.
答案：things 根据该句中的some可知，可数名词thing应用复数形式。
4．(2019·湖北武汉调研)Driven by the ________ (curious) in my heart, I came to China and took part in a cruise (乘船度假) along part of the river last year.
答案：curiosity curious为形容词，由前面的冠词the可知，此处应用名词；driven by the curiosity意为“受好奇心驱使”。
5．A ________ (teacher) praise has great effect on the growth of a student.
答案：teacher's teacher与praise之间是所属关系，故teacher用所有格形式。句意：老师的表扬对于学生的成长有着巨大的作用。
6．Nothing I did seemed to make any ________ (different). “It can't be the fuel，” I thought.
答案：difference make any difference为固定搭配，意为“有任何影响”。
7．When Sammy looked up, the train was just a couple of ________ (foot) away.
答案：feet a couple of后跟可数名词的复数形式，故填feet。句意：当Sammy抬头看时，火车离他仅几英尺远。
8．(2019·浙江嘉兴测试)Portman's educational background has influenced one of her ________ (project)．
答案：projects one of后接可数名词的复数形式，表示“……之一”，故填projects。
9．Being straightforward, I'm not the kind of person who likes to say something unfavorable about anyone in their ________ (absent)．
答案：absence in为介词，后应接名词。 in one's absence “某人不在场的时候”。句意：坦率地说，我不是那种喜欢在别人背后说三道四的人。
10．(2019·湖北宜昌中学月考)Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years, but ________ (express) from them have entered various languages.
答案：expressions 设空处表示“词语”之意，在句中作主语，需用名词形式；根据设空处后的 have entered 可推知设空处需用名词复数形式，故填expressions。句意：不仅这些寓言本身存在了近1,500年，而且里面的一些词语已经被收录到各种语言中了。
11．Many young people turn to alcohol to reduce ________ (press), though they clearly know it is not a good way to relax.
答案：pressure reduce为及物动词，后面接名词作宾语。reduce pressure
“缓解压力”。句意：许多年轻人通过喝酒来缓解压力，尽管他们清楚地知道这并不是一种好的放松方式。
12．(2018·天津高考)The ________ (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
答案：possibility that引导的同位语从句解释说明其前的名词，(亦为先行词)，结合空格前的定冠词可知，这里应填名词形式。故填possibility。句意：宇宙中的其他星球上可能存在生命，这一直激励着科学家探索外太空。
13．Some schools will have to make ________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
答案：adjustments make adjustments为固定短语，意为“做出调整”。故填adjustments。
14．(2019·河北百校联考)It is believed that upperclass Victorians in England invented the table tennis in the 1880s, using whatever they could find as ________ (equip)．
答案：equipment 介词as后需用名词；equipment意为“设备”，是不可数名词，故填equipment。句意：人们相信维多利亚时代的英国上层阶级在19世纪80年代用他们随便发现的任何东西作为设备发明了乒乓球。
15．Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ (child) hungry stomach.
答案：child's 此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”，空格后是名词stomach，所给提示词是child，此处意为“一个孩子的……”，故此处应该用child的所有格形式。
16．(2019·河南九校质量考评)Deep worry began to destroy my ________ (confident)．
答案：confidence 设空处在本句中作宾语，且设空处前有形容词性物主代词，故可判断设空处应填名词，confidence为不可数名词，故答案为confidence。句意：极度忧虑开始毁掉我的自信。
17．(2019·合肥市高三调研性测试)At the ________ (enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall used to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall.
答案：entrance/entry 由设空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词形式，表示“入口”，故用entrance/entry。
18．The majority of employers are planning to cut down on wages in ________ (react) to the economic crisis.
答案：reaction in为介词，后面跟名词。in reaction to意为“应对，反应”。句意：为了应对经济危机，大部分企业主打算减薪。
19．(2019·安徽省示范高中高三期末联考)It can not only increase your heart rate without stressing your body, but also build up your muscles and ________ (strong)．
答案：strength 根据设空前的your muscles可知填名词形式，意为“力气；力量”，是不可数名词，故填strength。
20．(2019·辽宁省部分重点高中高三联考)But my ________ (listen) were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me.
答案：listeners 由my修饰说明，设空处应用名词；与后面谓语动词were主谓一致，名词应用复数，指“我”的听众们，故填listeners。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
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答案：chicken→chickens 短语dozens of之后应该使用可数名词chicken “鸡”的复数形式。
2．(2019·河北联盟模拟)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa last Friday, causing 4 death.
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答案：death→deaths death作“死亡人数或事件”讲时为可数名词，根据“4”可知将death改为deaths。句意：上周五，一场大暴雨摧毁了南非的两个村庄，导致4人遇难。
3．The leafs withered and fell down with winter approaching.
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答案：leafs→leaves 以f或fe结尾的名词，变为复数时变f或fe为ves。
4．(2019·山东潍坊一模)After all, helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy and happy.
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答案：happy→happiness 应该用名词而非形容词作obtain的宾语，故将happy改为happiness。句意：毕竟，帮助有困难的人是获得快乐和幸福的好办法。
5．(2019·湖北武汉调研)Considering my case, my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a shortterm goal to improve my math.
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答案：approach→approaches approach作“方法”讲时，是可数名词；由前面的several可知，应用复数形式。
6．(2019·湖南长沙一模)When the boy sang a song with his guitar, all the judge were astonished by his talent.
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答案：judge→judges 根据该句中的all和谓语动词were可知，所有的评委都对他的天赋感到惊讶，故用复数形式。
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net.
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答案：surprising→surprise 固定短语：to one's surprise “使某人惊奇的是”。
8．My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.
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答案：honest→honesty 此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，故用名词形式。而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。
9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
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答案：player→players 由前面的all可知，应用player的复数形式。
10．We were touched by such an act of kind on a hot day.
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答案：kind→kindness 介词of后需用名词作宾语，故将形容词kind改为kindness。
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”
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答案：mistake→mistakes and连接两个并列成分，前面的textbooks为复数，故可数名词mistake “错误”应改为mistakes。
12．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”
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答案：word→words 根据后面引号内的内容可知教练一直重复说的话有多句，故此处应用word的复数形式。
13．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
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答案：informations→information information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
14．(2019·石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)You will learn Chinese history and traditional culture as well as Chinese written.
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答案：written→writing 此处和“Chinese history” “traditional culture”构成并列关系，作动词learn的宾语，故应用v.ing形式writing。
15．Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitate.
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答案：hesitate→hesitation 此处为介词短语作状语，与and前的“with confidence”并列。without hesitation为固定短语，意为“毫不犹豫地”。
16．The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
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答案：airs→air air指“空气”时，为不可数名词。
17．Taking part in afterclass activities is of great important to us young students.
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答案：important→importance be of great importance＝be very important “很重要”。
18．These are some books of my brother.
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答案：brother→brother's 此处为名词的双重所有格形式。表示这些是我弟弟的所有书中的一部分。
19．Many doctors, including three woman doctors, were sent to the earthquakestricken area.
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答案：woman→women 当man, woman作定语时，若所修饰的词为复数形式，则man, woman也应用复数形式。
20．If you want to learn English well, it is not enough only to keep in minds the rules of grammar.
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答案：minds→mind keep in mind “记住，牢记”，mind为抽象意义，没有复数形式。
