2020高考英语二轮复习习题册第四章动词时态语态
展开专题四 | 动词的时态和语态
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·浙江高考)One study in America found that students' grades ________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
答案：improved 根据空格前的谓语动词found可知，此处that引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词也用一般过去时，故填improved。
2．(2017·天津高考)I ________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
答案：was driving be doing ... when为固定结构，表示“正在做……这时……”。根据found可知，主句应用过去进行时。句意：我正在开车南下去伦敦，这时突然发现我走错路了。
3．(2019·浙江高考)I ________ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
答案：had hoped 第二个分句中“couldn't”用的是一般过去时，发生于该动作之前的动作用过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。
4．I don't believe you've already finished reading the book—I ________ (lend) it to you this morning!
答案：lent this morning为表过去的时间状语，因此lend用一般过去时。句意：我不相信你已经读完这本书了——我今天上午才借给你的呀！
5．(2018·北京高考)China's highspeed railways ________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
答案：have grown 由时间状语“in the past few years”可知，此处用现在完成时，故填have grown。
6．Then I thought of the taxibooking app my friend ________ (recommend) and I booked a taxi through my cellphone.
答案：had recommended 由thought可知，本句在描述过去发生的动作，且recommend这一动作发生于thought这一动作之前，故用过去完成时。
7．I can guess you were in a hurry. You ________ (wear) your sweater inside out.
答案：are wearing 此处描述此时此刻的状态，应用现在进行时。句意：我猜你很匆忙。你的毛衣都穿反了。
8．(2017·北京高考)People ________ (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
答案：have 根据题干中的“than they used to”可知，这是在比较过去和现在的医疗状况，所以设空处应用一般现在时。句意：相比以前，人们(现在)能得到更好的医疗服务，因此他们的寿命更长一些。
9．Recently they ________ (carry) out a survey about the lifestyle of the young generation in the UK.
答案：have carried 由recently可知，设空处应用现在完成时。句意：最近，他们就英国青年一代的生活方式进行了一次调查。
10．(2019·浙江台州质检)We ________ (reduce) emission of air pollutants in recent years, but cars are still major source of them.
答案：have reduced/have been reducing 由句中的时间状语“in recent years”可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
11．Close the door of fear behind you, and you ________ (see) the door of faith open before you.
答案：will see 在“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句，陈述句相当于主句。祈使句表示条件，根据“主将从现”原则可知，后面的陈述句应该用一般将来时。句意：关上身后的恐惧之门，你就会看到信心之门在你面前打开。
12．I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I ________ (fly) to New York.
答案：will be flying 根据时间状语“At this time tomorrow morning”可知，设空处表示明天早晨的这一时间点正在发生的事情，故用将来进行时。句意：我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨的这个时候我就在飞往纽约的飞机上了。
13．(2019·浙江十校联考)I just graduated from West Coast University. I ________ (receive) job skill training just before that, but I had never worked.
答案：had received 此处根据“just before that”可知，“我”在之前受过职业技能的培训，根据上句中的一般过去时可知，此处应用过去完成时。
14．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer ________ (come), they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
答案：comes 此处主句是一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来，且从句主语为第三人称单数，故应填comes。
15．It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ________ (do) for me.
答案：had done 由句意可知，他们为“我”做的事早于“我”对它的完全理解，在时间上表示“过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时。句意：过了很长时间我才能完全领会他们为我所做的一切。
16．Jane can't attend the meeting at 4 o'clock this afternoon because she ________ (teach) a class at that time.
答案：will be teaching 根据句中的时间状语“at that time (指at 4 o'clock this afternoon)”可知，应用将来进行时表示在将来的某个时刻正在进行的动作。句意：Jane不能参加今天下午4点钟的会议，因为那个时候她正在上课。
17．(2018·江苏高考)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we ________ (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
答案：will have developed 根据语境可知，该处表示在将来某个时间点已经完成的动作，且该动作对将来产生了影响，故用将来完成时。句意：在2025年，我们有望不再互相发电子邮件，因为届时我们将已经开发出更便捷的电子通信工具。
18．James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ (come) until yesterday.
答案：was coming/would come 根据句意可知，昨天才知道他将要来，所以要用过去将来时，此处既可以用进行时表示将来，也可用would come。句意：詹姆斯刚到，但是我直到昨天才知道他要来。
19．Mr Smith ________ (see) this film; you can ask him about his view about it.
答案：has seen 根据“his view about it”可知，史密斯先生已经看过这部电影。描述过去某一动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。句意：史密斯先生已经看过这部电影了，你可以问一下他对于这部电影的看法。
20．(2019·福建五校统考)According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also ________ (express) their great concern about it.
答案：expressed and前后并列，时态应保持一致，根据句中showed可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
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答案：required→requires 此处在陈述一般性的情况，且主语为第三人称单数，故把required改为requires。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there.
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答案：find→found 根据第一句中的“During my last winter holiday”可知，事件发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故将find改成found。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.
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答案：begin→begun 根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是“had＋动词的过去分词”，所以begin要改为begun。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
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答案：are→were 根据主句的谓语didn't realize和until引导的时间状语从句中的谓语entered可知，此处说的是过去的事情，所以are应改为were。
5．(2019·福建福州考试)Today I've got wonderful news to tell you. I had been offered a job at a company in England for my good performance.
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答案：had→have 根据句意可知，指过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。
6．(2019·湖北武昌调研)Finally, I work harder than ever and made great
progress in my math.
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答案：work→worked 由后面的made可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
7．(2019·陕西西安九校联考)Today, at the local convenience store where I work, an elderly man with a guide dog come in.
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答案：come→came 这里叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
8．(2019·安徽百所重点高中模拟)It's not the people you came across in your daily life who will stand by you in time of need.
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答案：came→come 定语从句中描述通常的情况，因此应用一般现在时。
9．(2019·山东青岛调研)Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran bought a real bed. It was the first time that he have become the proud owner of a bed.
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答案：have→had It was the first time that sb.had done sth.“某人第一次做某事。”，为固定句型。
10．(2019·河南洛阳统考)When Dad came home, he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.
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答案：has→had 由语意可知，happen这一动作发生于asked之前，表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
11．Unless he will promise to help us, we shall lose the game.
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答案：will promise→promises 根据“主将从现”原则可知，从句应用一般现在时；从句主语为he，从句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故将will promise改为promises。
12．It was raining lightly when I had arrived in Detroit just before dawn.
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答案：去掉had 明确的时间点(before dawn)，通常不与完成时连用，故将had去掉。
13．It is the third time he wins the award in this field.
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答案：wins→has won It is/was the first/second/third/... time后面的从句用完成时，本句的主句为一般现在时，因此从句用现在完成时；若主句为一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。
14．I didn't exercise for six months. I'm really out of shape.
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答案：didn't exercise→haven't exercised “for＋一段时间”表示某一动作具有延续性；另外，下一句中out of shape指出了对现在造成的影响，因此此处用现在完成时。
15．Nobody knows why he changes his mind at the last minute.
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答案：changes→changed at the last minute “在最后一刻”，在此指过去的时间，因此change用一般过去时。
16．How time flies! It is sixteen years since he has lived in the village.
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答案：去掉has It is＋时间段＋since引导的从句，从句应用一般过去时，从句谓语动词是终止性动词，从句表示的时间是从动作开始的那一刻起；如果从句中谓语动词是延续性动词，则表示从该动作结束时到现在持续的时间。故live用一般过去时。
17．He went to the library after breakfast and has written his essay there ever since.
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答案：written→been writing ever since为时间状语，表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，因此用现在完成进行时。
18．The plane is leaving at 7：00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6：40 at the latest.
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答案：is leaving→leaves 按时间表预计要发生的动作可用一般现在时表示将来。故将is leaving改为leaves。
19．At ten o'clock tomorrow morning, they will have a meeting on the measures of increasing business in Eastern Europe.
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答案：have→be having at ten o'clock tomorrow morning为将来某一具体时刻，此处表述的是将来某一时刻正在发生的动作，故用将来进行时。
20．They made up their mind that they will buy a new house once Larry changed his job.
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答案：will→would once引导的是条件状语从句，根据“主将从现”原则可知，从句用一般过去时，主句应用过去将来时。故将will改为would。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·江苏高考)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ________ (follow)．
答案：was being followed 由hurried可知，此句在描述过去发生的事情，he与follow之间为被动关系，此处表示“正在被跟踪”，因此用was being followed。句意：他匆忙回家，一次也不曾回头看是否被跟踪。
2．(2017·北京高考)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ________ (invent) yet.
答案：hadn't been invented 根据“in the 1950s”可知，句子用一般过去时，由yet可知，用过去完成时，invent与wireless phones之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态。句意：在二十世纪五十年代的美国，大部分家庭里只有一部电话，当时还没有发明无线电话。
3．(2019·江苏高考)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
答案：will have been installed 根据句中的时间状语“by 2022”可知，本句要用将来完成时。由于5G terminals和install之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。句意：他们正在努力确保在2022年之前，北京冬奥会将安装5G终端。
4．(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
答案：had been trapped 根据risked可知，主句用了一般过去时，表示冒险救人的动作发生在过去，因此游客被困在山里应该是发生在救援之前的事情，故应用过去完成时，tourists与trap之间为被动关系，故用had been trapped。句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。
5．(2019·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)And if your wallet ________ (lose) or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you reach it.
答案：is lost if引导的条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，故空处用一般现在时；根据语境可知，空处表示丢失的状态，故用is lost。句意：如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它。
6．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.
答案：will be rewarded 根据句意和语境可知，前一分句使用现在完成进行时，表示动作持续到现在；后一分句应该使用一般将来时，且动词reward与主语efforts之间为被动关系，应该使用被动语态。句意：学生们一直刻苦学习功课，他们的努力终将以成功作为回报。
7．(2019·河南郑州质量预测)I ________ (attract) by this and followed the group, taking photos to share with my family.
答案：was attracted 该句主语I和动词attract之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；由followed可知，该句叙述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
8．(2019·河北名校联考)The market, which ________ (call) Train Night Market Ratchada in English, was opened in January 2015 and has become a popular spot for locals and tourists.
答案：is called 定语从句说的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时；which(指代The market)与call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
9．(2018·天津高考)My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
答案：is being repaired my washing machine与repair之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。再根据后面的“I have to wash my clothes by hand”，说明洗衣机正在被修，需用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：我的洗衣机本周正在修理，因此我不得不用手洗衣服。
10．When the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners ________ (seat)．
答案：were seated 根据时间状语从句的谓语动词entered可知，主句应用一般过去时。be seated为固定短语，意为“就座”。故填were seated。
11．I advise you to buy a pair of jeans. This sort of cloth, you know, ________ (wash) well.
答案：washes wash well “耐洗”，wash, sell, open, taste等常用主动形式表示被动意义。句意：我建议你买一条牛仔裤，这种布料很耐洗。
12．(2019·浙江嘉兴测试)By that time, she ________ (accept) by Yale University and Harvard University in the US.
答案：had been accepted 根据By that time可知，此处用过去完成时，she与accept之间为被动关系，故填had been accepted。
13．Medicine should ________ (keep) in drawers children can't reach, and all cleaning liquids in high cupboards.
答案：be kept 句子主语Medicine与keep之间为被动关系，且情态动词后要接动词原形，故用be kept。
14．Although fast food ________ (taste) good and ________ (sell) well, people have gradually lost interest in it due to its bad effect on health.
答案：tastes; sells taste, smell等感官动词常用主动形式表示被动意义。taste连系动词，taste good “好吃”；sell well “畅销”，用主动形式表示被动意义。句意：尽管快餐味道好，卖得好，但由于快餐对健康有害，人们已经逐渐对其失去了兴趣。
15．(2018·浙江高考)I ________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
答案：was shocked 根据后面的learnt可知，此处应使用一般过去时，又因I与shock之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
16．The door won't ________ (open), so we will ask a repairman to open it.
答案：open 表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut等，可用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：这门打不开，所以我们将请修理工打开它。
17．As a result of the serious flood, twothirds of the buildings in the area deserve ________ (repair)．
答案：repairing/to be repaired 动词want, need, require, deserve后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式意义相同，均表被动。句意：由于严重的洪灾，在这个地区三分之二的大楼需要修理。
18．This ferryboat ________ (use) to transport passengers between the harbor and the island for years.
答案：has been used ferryboat 与use之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态。for years为延续性的时间状语，结合语境可知用现在完成时。句意：这艘渡船被用来在港湾和小岛之间运送乘客已经有多年了。
19．The book I wrote last year ________ (print) and it will soon come out.
答案：is being printed book与print之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态；根据“will soon come out”可知，书还在印刷之中，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：我去年写的那本书目前正在印刷，不久将要出版。
20．When I got to the ticket office, I was told the tickets ________ (sell) out.
答案：had been sold 由was told可知，本句描述过去的情况，又因为sell out这一动作发生于told这一动作之前，即“过去的过去”，tickets与sell out之间为被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。句意：我到售票处的时候，被告知票已卖完。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·安徽师大附中阶段测试)This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.
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答案：picking→picked 根据语境可知，pick up和book之间为被动关系，故用被动式。
2．(2019·贵阳监测)Once I went to the market with my mum for a big dinner on Saturday. When we were walking past the stalls, a loud noise was caught my attention.
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答案：去掉was 主语a loud noise与catch之间为主动关系，故去掉was。
3．(2019·合肥市高三调研性测试)At noon, we were all had to say goodbye to them.
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答案：去掉were 本句已有谓语动词had，且we与have to之间为主动关系，故去掉were。
4．(2019·广东省肇庆市高中毕业班第一次检测)Remember that correct
pronunciation required in the competition too.
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答案：required前加is 此处指正确的发音是被需要的，“correct pronunciation”和动词“require”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故在required前加is。
5．(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三第二次调研)Some kinds of stress can help you get things do better, like when you are running towards the finishing line or when you are asked to deliver a speech to your class.
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答案：do→done things和do之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，即get sth. done结构，故将do改为done。
6．(2019·山东省济宁一中高三第一次调研考试)Without rain, our water supply would cut off and we would die.
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答案：第一个would后加be 此处为含蓄条件句，would后应接动词原形；同时主语water supply和cut off之间为被动关系，因而应用被动语态，故在would后加be。
7．(2019·长春市普通高中高三质量监测(一))I gave her a warm bath and fed her some milk and soon she was recovered.
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答案：去掉was recover表示“痊愈，康复”，是不及物动词，没有被动语态，因此去掉was。
8．(2019·四川绵阳市高三第一次诊断性考试)I'm well feed at home with Dad as my cook.
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答案：feed→fed 根据句意可知，本句应用被动语态，故feed应改为过去分词fed。句意：有爸爸当我的厨师，我在家被喂养得很好。
9．We won't start the work until all the preparations have made.
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答案：have后加been 在时间、条件状语从句中，可以用一般现在时、现在完成时表将来。从句中的动作make先于主句谓语动词start发生，应用现在完成时表将来；all the preparations和make之间是被动关系，故用have been made。句意：在所有准备工作就绪以后我们才开始工作。
10．We are confident that the environment will improved by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
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答案：will后加be 由句意可知，此处用一般将来时，且environment与improve之间为被动关系，故will后加be。句意：我们相信环境会在我们进一步减少污染的努力下得到改善。
11．Full use has made of every inch of the room.
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答案：has后加been make use of “利用，使用”，use前置，作主语时，用被动语态。
12．It is estimated that the total cost of the trip will be cost over one thousand dollars.
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答案：去掉be “Sth.＋cost ＋钱数”句型中，cost不用被动语态。
13．The black suitcase was belonged to Mrs Green, who left the hotel half an hour earlier.
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答案：去掉was belong to意为“属于”，没有被动形式。
14．The silence of the library broke only by the sound of pages being turned over.
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答案：broke→was broken silence与break之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。句意：图书馆里静悄悄的，只能听见书页翻动的声音。
15．What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting was to hold.
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答案：hold→be held meeting与hold之间为被动关系，此处为“be＋不定式”的被动结构。
16．The door wouldn't be locked. You shall have a locksmith repair it as soon as possible.
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答案：be locked→lock lock, open, shut等动词用来描述门、窗开或关时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。wouldn't lock/open意为“锁不上/打不开”。
17．There is no doubt that your dream will realize some day.
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答案：realize→be realized 根据时间状语some day可知，此处应用一般将来时；且your dream与realize之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故将realize改为be realized。
18．—How was your weekend, Joshua?
—Awful! That was the first time I left alone at home, bored to death.
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答案：left前加had been 由语境可知，Joshua周末独自待在家，他感觉烦透了。在“It/This/That is/was＋the＋序数词＋time＋从句”结构中，从句要用现在/过去完成时，且表示“被单独留下”，要用被动语态。
19．On the door was a note which was read “No disturbance, please！”
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答案：去掉第二个was read意为“读作……”时，用主动形式表示被动意义。句意：门上有一个便条，上面写着“请勿打扰！”
20．He likes his pen very much not because it is expensive but because it is written very smoothly.
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答案：is written→writes write表示“写起来……”的意思时，应用主动形式表示被动意义。句意：他很喜欢他的钢笔，不是因为它价格昂贵，而是因为这支笔写起来非常流畅。
