还剩11页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：2021译林版高考英语第一轮总复习学案（）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：必修3Unit3 Backtothepast
展开
Unit 3 Back to the past
对应学生用书p49
项目
内 容
核心单词
单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子)
1.The flood last year in the south was a real ____________(灾难)， leaving 19 people dead and 78 missing.
2.The big company has ____________(逐渐地) absorbed these small companies into its own organization.
3.The statue is a ____________(纪念碑) to all the soldiers who died in the wars.
4.One of the ____________(强有力的) actions the government has taken is to knock down the illegal buildings to restore the beauty of the city.
5.________________(不幸地)， his father died， leaving the family even worse off， so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.
6.When the midautumn festival is near， shop windows are beautifully ____________(装饰).
7.If we ____________(判断) according to our own cultural habits， we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.
8.Accustomed to being poor， he found it hard to adapt to a w____________ life in a short period of time.
9.The whole system was c____________—every official she approached wanted money before helping her.
10.Without saying a word， Anna took hold of my arm and m____________ me off to the headmaster's office.
[答案]
1.disaster 2.gradually 3.memorial 4.powerful 5.Unfortunately 6.decorated 7.judge 8.wealthy
9.corrupt 10.marched
词性转换(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.A number of ____________ about the standard of service on Britain's railways are received and many people are ____________.(complain)
2.One ____________ was originally ____________ by Chinese Red Cross ambassador Jet Li in April 2007.(found)
3.She devoted her ____________ years to the cause of studying the ____________ of the Forbidden City.(remain)
4.A bomb ____________ in the market.The ____________ was heard a mile away.(explode)
5.He made full use of ____________ from the ____________ nearby his house to make a ____________ sofa for the widow.(wood)
6.He got a little ____________ because of poverty， so he always ____________ his children to value the chance of study.(educate)
7.It is time someone made him ____________ of the effects of his actions. If so， he can gradually raise public moral ____________.(aware)
8.Under the pressure of the public，the ____________ had to change his ____________ at last；the murderer was sentenced to death.(judge)
9.If you can't ____________ your anger， you will probably get sick. It's better to give ____________ to your anger rather than hide it.(express)
10.Enough rest and proper diet have brought back her strength ____________， and it's really a ____________ process.(gradual)
11.I felt ____________ that the final test was not difficult， but ____________， I got zero in it for writing my name at the place of “number”.(fortunate)
12.He has a ____________ of experience， and often tells us that early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy，____________ and wise.(wealth)
[答案]
1.complaints；complaining 2.foundation；founded 3.remaining；remains 4.exploded；explosion
5.wood；woods；wooden 6.education；educates 7.aware；awareness 8.judge；judgement 9.express；expression
10.gradually；gradual 11.fortunate；unfortunately 12.wealth；wealthy
重点短语,汉译英
1.被活埋__________________________ 2.保护……______________________________
3.结果是，原来是__________________ 4.出故障，抛锚；分解____________________
5.将某人逼疯__________________ 6.造反，反抗____________________
7.实施；执行____________________ 8.夺取；接管__________________
9.事实上__________________ 10.在船上__________________
11.将某人处死__________________ 12.使某人意识到__________________
13.处于良好的状态__________________ 14.受够了某人__________________
15.纪念__________________ 16.向某人挑战做……__________________
17.因某事将某人告上法庭__________________ 18.无疑__________________
19.阻碍(某人)__________________ 20.患(病)__________________
[答案]
1.be buried alive 2.put sth.under protection 3.turn out 4.break down 5.drive sb.crazy 6.rise up against
7.carry out 8.take over 9.in fact 10.on board 11.put sb.to death 12.make sb.aware of sth.
13.(be) in good condition 14.have enough of sb. 15.in memory of 16.challenge sb.to do
17.take sb.to court for sth. 18.no doubt 19.stand in one's path 20.come down with
句型操练·背诵与仿写 ,1.Many people were buried alive， and so was the city.(P42，L11)
仿写 时代变了，他也变了。
Times have ____________ and ____________.
2.It's hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city！ (P43，L2728)
仿写 老年人很难改变他们的行事方式。
______________________________________ change their ways.
3.It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.(P58，L13)
仿写 看来你把书丢在家里了。
1)It ____________________ your book at home.
2)You ________________ your book at home.
4.A famous Roman scholar happened to be on a boat nearby when all of this happened， so he went to the area to see what was going on.(P45，E)
仿写 1)昨天他发生了什么事？
What ______________________________yesterday？
2)那天我到家时天正好下着雨。
__________________________________when I got home that day.
[答案]
1.changed；so has he 2.It is hard for old people to 3.1)seems that you have left 2)seem to have left
4.1)happened to him 2)It happened to be raining
对应学生用书p50
☆重点单词☆
1.remain (remains / remained / remained / remaining)
vi.留下，剩下；逗留
(1)remain v.留下；仍然是
remain＋形容词 / 名词 / 分词 / 介词短语 保持……
remain to be done 有待于被做
(2)remaining adj. 剩余的
(3)remains noun(pl.) 剩余物，残留物；遗迹
(4)the remains of... ……的遗迹
温馨提示：
(1)remain做系动词用时，其后可接形容词、名词、分词和不定式的被动形式等做表语。
(2)remaining通常做前置定语，放在被修饰的名词之前；left作“剩下的”讲时，做后置定语。
完成句子：
①She bought a bunch of flowers for her mother ____________________________.
她用剩下的钱为妈妈买了一束鲜花。
②No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better to________________.
不论你多么能言善辩，有时候还是保持沉默为好。
③With many problems remain ________________，I will have a busy day tomorrow.
由于有许多问题有待解决，我明天将会很忙。
④She devoted several years to researching ______________ a Roman city.
她花了几年时间研究一座罗马城市的遗迹。
[答案]
①with the remaining money / with the money left
②remain / keep / stay silent ③to be solved
④the remains of
2.drive (drives / drove / driven / driving)
v.驱车旅行；驾驶；迫使，逼迫；驱赶；驱使
I drove to work this morning.
我今天早上开车去上的班。
The loud noise of the people in the street almost __drove__me__mad__.
街上人们的喧闹声几乎使我发疯。
He was driven by hunger to steal.＝Hunger drove him to steal.
他因饥饿而被迫偷窃。
The Chinese people drove their enemies out of their country.
中国人民把敌人从自己的国土上赶了出去。
同/ 近义词：
cause
温馨提示：
drive，cause都可翻译为“使，迫使，使得”，但它们的用法是不同的。cause可用在“cause sb.to do sth.” 结构中，但不能用在“cause sb.＋形容词 / 介词短语” 结构中，而drive却可用在上述两个结构中。
必记搭配：
drive sb.to sth. 把某人逼成什么样
drive sb.to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
drive sb.mad / crazy 把某人逼疯
3.board (boards / boarded / boarded / boarding)
n.木板；甲板；委员会
v.登上(船、飞机、火车等)；寄宿
Everybody __on__board__ was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened.
火车 / 船 / 飞机上的人都很着急，而且我们急于想了解出了什么事。
I'll write it up on the blackboard.
我会把它写在黑板上。
Passengers are waiting to board.
乘客们正在候机。
She always had one or two students boarding with her.
她家总有一两名寄宿学生。
温馨提示：
aboard adv.在船上；在飞机上；在火车上
abroad adv.在国外，到国外
broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的
go abroad 出国
at home and abroad 国内外
必记搭配：
be on board the train / ship / plane 在火车 / 船 / 飞机上
get / come / go on board 上火车、船、飞机等
be on the board 在那块木板上；在委员会里
4.declare (declares / declared / declared / declaring)
vt.宣布，宣告，宣称；断言(后接名词、复合宾语和从句)；申报(收入、财产、纳税品等)
The judge declared the man guilty.
法官宣布那个男人有罪。
The chairman declared Sam Smith elected.
主席宣布赛姆·史密斯当选。
She declared the theory was right.
她断言这个理论是正确的。
同/ 近义词：
announce / claim
必记搭配：
declare for / against 赞成 / 反对
declare war on / upon / against＋国名 向某国宣战
5.matter (matters / mattered / mattered / mattering)
vi.要紧，有关系
n.事情，问题；麻烦事，毛病
As long as you are happy，it doesn't matter what you will do.
只要你高兴，你干什么都不要紧。
We'll look into the matter together.
我们将一起调查这件事。
温馨提示：
matter做不及物动词时，通常用于疑问句和否定句，不用于进行时态。
必记搭配：
It doesn't matter if 如果……没关系
It doesn't matter who / why / what / that... ……没关系
as a matter of fact 事实上
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词或用其适当形式填空。
1.The little boy ________(proved / remained / continued) calm in the face of the threat of the robber.
2.The Titanic sank slowly to the bottom of the ocean with 1，500 passengers on ________(abroad / board / aboard).
3.Everyone is waiting for the exciting time when the chairman will ________ (declare / report / tell) the results of the election.
4.Reflecting on your own experiences will help you realize what really ________(mind / matter / trouble) to you.
[答案与解析]
1.remained。句意：面对强盗的威胁，小男孩保持镇静。remain“保持，仍是”；prove“证明，证实”；continue“继续”。
2.board。固定词组on board “在船 / 火车 / 飞机上(的)”；abroad “在 / 到国外”，不与on搭配；aboard “在船 / 飞机 / 火车上”，不与on搭配。
3.declare。此处表示“宣布选举的结果”。declare“宣布；宣告”；report “报告”；tell “告诉”。
4.matters。句意：对自己的经历进行反思将会帮助你认识到对你来说什么才是真正重要的。
Ⅱ.阅读下面材料，在横线上填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.The police wondered what had driven Andy ___________(phone) her.
2.Two months ago， Mrs Smith declared ______ big tax cuts.
3.All that ______(matter) is that you’re safe.
[答案与解析]
1.to phone。drive sb. to do sth. “迫使某人做某事”。句意：警察不明白是什么原因迫使安迪打电话给她。
2.for/against。declare for/against sth.“表态支持/反对某事”。句意：两个月前，史密斯太太表态支持/反对大幅度减税。
3.matters。先行词为All，关系词在从句中做主语，定语从句中谓语动词应用单数。
Ⅲ.完成句子。
1.It ____________ whether the operation is successful.(remain)
手术是否成功还有待观察。
2.____________ if he can't finish the job on time？(matter)
如果他不能按时完成工作，这要紧吗？
[答案]
1.remains to be seen
2.Does it matter
☆核心短语☆
1.接管，接收，接任 take _over_
The small firm has been taken over by a big international company because of lack of enough funds.
由于缺乏足够的资金，这家小公司被一家大型国际公司接管了。
随身带着 take _along_
带走，使离去 take _away_
接纳；收留；消化；吸收理解；欺骗 take _in_
脱；打折扣；(飞机)起飞；(事业)蓬勃发展 take _off_
拿出，取出 take _out_
占据；开始从事；对……感兴趣 take _up_
开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)；呈现；露出 take _on_
拆毁；写下，记录下；病倒 take _down_
退回；收回(说错的话)；接回 take _back_
用take的相关短语填空：
①Expecting to wait a long time at the dentist's， Mike decided to ______ a magazine to read.
②After he retired from office， Rogers ______ painting for a while， but soon lost interest.
③Briggs will ______ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
④Some insects ______ the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
⑤There is too much in the British Museum for us to ______.
[答案]
①take along ②took up ③take over ④take on
⑤take in
2.实施；执行；进行；承担 _carry_ out
I'm glad to see our plan carried out successfully.
我很开心我们的计划成功地实施了。
继续下去 carry _on_
运走，拿走 carry_away_
运回；拿回；使回想起 carry _back_
把……进行下去 carry _on_with_
3.事实上 _in_ fact
They told me it was cheap， but in fact it cost me $500.
他们告诉我它很便宜，但事实上，它花了我500美元。
井然有序 in _order_
在危险中 in _danger_
共有，相同地 in _common_
负债 in _debt_
处于不幸(或苦恼，困境)中 in _trouble_
大体上 in _general_
平安地；安静地 in _peace_
秘密地 in _secret_
惊奇地 in _surprise_
亲自 in _person_
特别地 in _particular_
公开地 in _public_
简言之 in _brief_
思考：in作为介词，你还能想到哪些意思呢？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
in可以表示“用”，后面可直接接“语言、墨水、现金、铅笔、语调等”。例如in English，in ink，in cash，in pencil等。in还可以表示“穿”，后面直接接“衣服；颜色”。
4.将某人处死 put sb._to_death
The prisoner was put to death at dawn.
那囚犯在黎明时被处决。
判……死刑 _sentence_ sb.to death
把……饿死 _starve_ sb.to death
把……吓死 _frighten_ / _scare_ sb.to death
把……打死 _beat_ sb.to death
把……烦死 _bore_ sb.to death
思考：put表示“使处于(某种状态)”，你还能想到哪些短语？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
put sb.at his ease 使某人感到自在，放松
put sb./ sth.to the test 考验某人或某物
put sth.into use 投入使用
put sth.into practice 实行，实施
put sth.under protection保护……
put sth.under control控制……
put sth.in danger使……遭受危险
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的短语填空。
1.The money spent on health care for people aged over 60 ______(took in / took up / took over) 41 percent of the total spent last year.
2.There is no doubt that the man who murdered his wife and children will be sentenced _____(of death / with death / to death).
3.Not only did I hear of the young woman artist，but I also interviewed her ______(in brief / in person / in debt).
[答案与解析]
1.took up。句意：去年花在60岁以上老人医疗保健上的钱占据所有花费的百分之四十一。take in吸收，欺骗；take up占据，开始做；take over接管。
2.to death。be sentenced to death“被判死刑”。句意：毫无疑问，那个谋杀了自己妻子和孩子的人将被判以死刑。
3.in person。考查介词短语。句意：我不仅听说过那位年轻的女艺术家，我还亲自采访过她。in brief简言之；in person亲自；in debt 负债。
Ⅱ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.______ fact， the house as well as his two cars has cost him all the money he earned during the past 20 years.
2.We hope the building project ______(carry) out will be completed as soon as possible because we can't bear the noise any more.
[答案与解析]
1.In。in fact事实上。
2.being carried。从we can't bear the noise any more可知建筑工程正在进行，故用现在分词的被动式做后置定语。
Ⅲ.根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。
put...to death；come down with；in trouble；take off；
in memory of；stand in one’s path；no doubt；rise up against
1.It’s common that guests will ______ shoes before entering the host’s house in China，especially in cities.
2.Who do you think is the man to whom you are going to turn for help when you are ______？
3.The murderer was reported to have been______by the court for his crime.
4.I have _______ that he can do the work well.
5.The slaves were called on to _______ their cruel masters.
6.It was named Harvard University _______its founder.
7.The teacher was surprised to find that twenty pupils had ______ flu.
8.My father is quite optimistic and insists on carrying out the plan， so you’d better not _______.
[答案与解析]
1.take off。句意：在中国，尤其是在城市，客人在进入主人家之前会脱掉鞋子是很常见的。根据句意可知，填 take off，意为“脱掉”。
2.in trouble 3.put to death
4.no doubt。句意：我毫不怀疑他能做好这项工作。短语have no doubt that“毫不怀疑……”。
5.rise up against。句意：奴隶们被号召起来反抗他们残酷的主人。结合句意可知，rise up against意为“奋起反抗”符合句意，故填rise up against。
6.in memory of 7.come down with
8.stand in his path。句意：我父亲非常乐观和坚持执行这个计划，所以你最好不要妨碍他。stand in one’s path意为“妨碍某人”，符合句意，故填stand in his path。
☆关键句型及惯用法☆
1.People started to dig in the area for treasure，which caused much damage.(P42，L1617)
译：人们开始在这个地区挖掘金银财宝，对遗址造成了很大的破坏。
[which引导非限制性定语从句]
该句中，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别在于：
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中、句尾，位置灵活，而which引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句尾、句中，但不能位于句首。
例如：As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.
我们都知道，台湾属于中国。
(as在定语从句中做宾语，该定语从句也可以放到主句之后)
The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.
运动会被延期了，这令我们很震惊。
(which在定语从句中做主语，该定语从句不能置于句首)
(2)as常用于be known(expected)，announced，reported，shown等结构中表示“正如” 的意思；而which引导的定语从句通常对主句内容起消极作用，或用于否定意义的从句，或者表示从句是主句所产生的结果。
例如：As is known to all， he is often late.
我们都知道，他经常迟到。
They didn't come to school on time，which made their teacher very angry.
他们没有按时到校，这让他们的老师很生气。
He was late this morning，which had not been expected by any of us.
今早他迟到了，此事我们谁都没料到。
He won the championship，which excited everyone present.他获得了冠军，在场的所有人都很激动。(从句是主句所产生的结果)
2.Many people were buried alive，and so was the city.How unfortunate！ (P42，L1112)
译：很多人都被活埋了，这个城市也如此。多么不幸啊！
(1)[alive做状语时]
句中的alive是形容词做状语，着重强调最后呈现出来的状态。类似用法的词还有awake，asleep，deep，straight，high，short，young，interested，surprised，satisfied等。
例如：For the whole night， she lay on her bed awake.
一整晚，她躺在床上不能入睡。
Young and brave，the soldiers went all out to defeat the floods.
年轻又勇敢，战士们全力以赴地战胜洪魔。
He must be captured alive.必须活捉他。
To our great surprise， he returned， safe and sound.
令我们大吃一惊的是，他回来了，安然无恙。
(2)[so＋be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词＋主语]
so was the city为倒装结构。so＋be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词＋主语，表示“A怎样，B也如此”。
例如：He has been to Beijing， and so have I.
他去过北京，我也去过。
She is a teacher.So is her mother.
她是一个老师，她妈妈也是。
比较：neither / nor＋be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词＋主语，意为“A不怎样，B也不怎样”。
例如：He hasn't been to Beijing.Neither / Nor have I.
他没去过北京，我也没去过。
She is not a teacher.Neither / Nor is her mother.
她不是老师，她妈妈也不是。
3.It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.(Page 43，L3234)
译：有人认为在公元200年到400年，它已经被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。
[主语＋ is believed to have been done]
此句型表示“有人认为……；……被认为……”，to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，相当于people believe that sb.have done...
类似的有：sb./ sth.is said / reported / expected / thought / supposed (etc.) to do...
The river is believed to have been polluted during the last five years.人们认为在过去的五年里，这条河流曾被污染过。
That house is said to have been destroyed in a fire.
据说那所房子在火灾中已经被毁坏了。
这种结构换成复合句就是：It is said / reported / thought / supposed that sb.＋v....，或People say / report / think / suppose that sb.＋v.＋...
例如：People say that he is a good student.
＝It is said that he is a good student.
＝He is said to be a good student.
Someone thinks that he has been to Beijing.
＝It is thought that he has been to Beijing.
＝He is thought to have been to Beijing.
完成汉译英：
①据说高智商的人们容易接受新的想法并且对生活持有积极的态度。
__________people with high EQ are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
②大家相信他已经在国外找到了一份称心如意的工作。
He ____________ a satisfying job abroad.
[答案]
①It is said that
②is believed to have found
【运用提升】
选择括号内适当的单词填空。
1.______ has always been expected，he has finally achieved his dream，______ makes his parents so proud.(as / which / that)
2.______(It / That / This) is believed that more and more people would fly to the moon in the future.
3.If my mother goes，______ (so / neither / either) will my father.
4.He is believed to be one of the best ______ composers. Although old，he is very much ______ and he can give a ______ description of what happened. (living / alive / lively)
[答案与解析]
1.As；which。考查非限制性定语从句。第一空as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后文，意思是“正如”；第二空用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文，意思是“这、那”。句意是：正如大家预想的，他最终实现了梦想，这使他父母很骄傲。
2.It。It is believed that是固定句型。It在此做形式主语。
3.so。so＋be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词＋主语，表示“A怎样，B也如此”。neither＋be动词/ 情态动词/ 助动词＋主语，则表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者，“A不怎样，B也如此”。此处前面是肯定的，故填so。
4.living； alive； lively。living “活着的”，做前置定语；alive “有活力的”，做表语；lively “生动的”。句意：有人认为他是在世最优秀的作曲家之一。尽管年纪大了，他依然神采奕奕并能生动地描述所发生的事情。
对应学生用书p53
Ⅰ.语法填空[黑体部分为本单元的单词或短语]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When a volcano erupted in Pompeii，Italy in 79 AD，the victims couldn't know how much modernday researchers 1.______(gain) from their sacrifice. When lava and ash began to pour through the villages on that unfortunate day， 2.______(destroy) homes and lives， residents of Pompeii tried to flee. However， most of them became buried in the ruins of time.
When the remains of Pompeii were discovered in the 20th century， scholars and cultural institutes had 3.______ opportunity to learn facts about Roman civilization they had never known before. The pots， wooden furniture， and leather items 4.______ were found， gave researchers clues as to how Ancient Romans decorated their homes. Small pieces of bone let 5.______(they) know what kinds of animals they ate， as well as what kinds of diseases ancient Romans may have suffered from.
In a truetolife account of the eruption in Pompeii， scholar Robert Harris examines the historical significance of the items 6.______(discover) there. In his book， Pompeii， he compares official documents from Ancient Rome with the 7.______(reality) occurrences in Pompeii， to better understand how the government operated and how it kept 8.______(citizen) safe.
9.______ ancient disasters are tragic， they give us a valuable opportunity to learn about the past.By 10.______(cover) the truth of sites like Pompeii， we can learn more about the great civilizations of the world.
[答案]
1.would gain 2.destroying 3.an 4.that / which 5.them
6.discovered 7.real 8.citizens
9.Although / Though / While 10.uncovering / discovering
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Nowadays we live in ___________ and our country is gradually growing ________________________________________________________________________.
现在我们生活在一个文明时代，我们的国家日渐富强。
2.There is ______ that people's ________________________________________________________________________
has improved， and so has their ________________________________________________________________________.
毫无疑问，人们的物质生活水平上升了，文化生活水平也上升了。
3.However， people ____________ into nature.
可是，人们已开始向大自然进军。
4.More and more people like using _________ when ______ their houses， as a result of which forests are cut down in vast numbers.
越来越多的人在装修房子时喜欢用木制的材料，正因为如此，大量的森林被砍伐。
5.As far as I'm concerned， it was ______ that Loulan _______ and lost to history / disappeared in history.
在我看来，楼兰被沙尘暴毁掉并消失在历史中是不幸的。
6.But it would be of ______ if Loulan's disappearance could make us aware of ________________________________________________________________________.
但是，如果楼兰的消失能让我们意识到保护森林的重要性，那又是很有价值的了。
[答案]
1.an age of civilization； wealthy and powerful
2.no doubt； material life； cultural life
3.have begun to march
4.wooden materials； decorating
5.unfortunate； was ruined / destroyed by sandstorms
6.great value； the importance of protecting forests
对应学生用书p49
项目
内 容
核心单词
单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子)
1.The flood last year in the south was a real ____________(灾难)， leaving 19 people dead and 78 missing.
2.The big company has ____________(逐渐地) absorbed these small companies into its own organization.
3.The statue is a ____________(纪念碑) to all the soldiers who died in the wars.
4.One of the ____________(强有力的) actions the government has taken is to knock down the illegal buildings to restore the beauty of the city.
5.________________(不幸地)， his father died， leaving the family even worse off， so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.
6.When the midautumn festival is near， shop windows are beautifully ____________(装饰).
7.If we ____________(判断) according to our own cultural habits， we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.
8.Accustomed to being poor， he found it hard to adapt to a w____________ life in a short period of time.
9.The whole system was c____________—every official she approached wanted money before helping her.
10.Without saying a word， Anna took hold of my arm and m____________ me off to the headmaster's office.
[答案]
1.disaster 2.gradually 3.memorial 4.powerful 5.Unfortunately 6.decorated 7.judge 8.wealthy
9.corrupt 10.marched
词性转换(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.A number of ____________ about the standard of service on Britain's railways are received and many people are ____________.(complain)
2.One ____________ was originally ____________ by Chinese Red Cross ambassador Jet Li in April 2007.(found)
3.She devoted her ____________ years to the cause of studying the ____________ of the Forbidden City.(remain)
4.A bomb ____________ in the market.The ____________ was heard a mile away.(explode)
5.He made full use of ____________ from the ____________ nearby his house to make a ____________ sofa for the widow.(wood)
6.He got a little ____________ because of poverty， so he always ____________ his children to value the chance of study.(educate)
7.It is time someone made him ____________ of the effects of his actions. If so， he can gradually raise public moral ____________.(aware)
8.Under the pressure of the public，the ____________ had to change his ____________ at last；the murderer was sentenced to death.(judge)
9.If you can't ____________ your anger， you will probably get sick. It's better to give ____________ to your anger rather than hide it.(express)
10.Enough rest and proper diet have brought back her strength ____________， and it's really a ____________ process.(gradual)
11.I felt ____________ that the final test was not difficult， but ____________， I got zero in it for writing my name at the place of “number”.(fortunate)
12.He has a ____________ of experience， and often tells us that early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy，____________ and wise.(wealth)
[答案]
1.complaints；complaining 2.foundation；founded 3.remaining；remains 4.exploded；explosion
5.wood；woods；wooden 6.education；educates 7.aware；awareness 8.judge；judgement 9.express；expression
10.gradually；gradual 11.fortunate；unfortunately 12.wealth；wealthy
重点短语,汉译英
1.被活埋__________________________ 2.保护……______________________________
3.结果是，原来是__________________ 4.出故障，抛锚；分解____________________
5.将某人逼疯__________________ 6.造反，反抗____________________
7.实施；执行____________________ 8.夺取；接管__________________
9.事实上__________________ 10.在船上__________________
11.将某人处死__________________ 12.使某人意识到__________________
13.处于良好的状态__________________ 14.受够了某人__________________
15.纪念__________________ 16.向某人挑战做……__________________
17.因某事将某人告上法庭__________________ 18.无疑__________________
19.阻碍(某人)__________________ 20.患(病)__________________
[答案]
1.be buried alive 2.put sth.under protection 3.turn out 4.break down 5.drive sb.crazy 6.rise up against
7.carry out 8.take over 9.in fact 10.on board 11.put sb.to death 12.make sb.aware of sth.
13.(be) in good condition 14.have enough of sb. 15.in memory of 16.challenge sb.to do
17.take sb.to court for sth. 18.no doubt 19.stand in one's path 20.come down with
句型操练·背诵与仿写 ,1.Many people were buried alive， and so was the city.(P42，L11)
仿写 时代变了，他也变了。
Times have ____________ and ____________.
2.It's hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city！ (P43，L2728)
仿写 老年人很难改变他们的行事方式。
______________________________________ change their ways.
3.It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.(P58，L13)
仿写 看来你把书丢在家里了。
1)It ____________________ your book at home.
2)You ________________ your book at home.
4.A famous Roman scholar happened to be on a boat nearby when all of this happened， so he went to the area to see what was going on.(P45，E)
仿写 1)昨天他发生了什么事？
What ______________________________yesterday？
2)那天我到家时天正好下着雨。
__________________________________when I got home that day.
[答案]
1.changed；so has he 2.It is hard for old people to 3.1)seems that you have left 2)seem to have left
4.1)happened to him 2)It happened to be raining
对应学生用书p50
☆重点单词☆
1.remain (remains / remained / remained / remaining)
vi.留下，剩下；逗留
(1)remain v.留下；仍然是
remain＋形容词 / 名词 / 分词 / 介词短语 保持……
remain to be done 有待于被做
(2)remaining adj. 剩余的
(3)remains noun(pl.) 剩余物，残留物；遗迹
(4)the remains of... ……的遗迹
温馨提示：
(1)remain做系动词用时，其后可接形容词、名词、分词和不定式的被动形式等做表语。
(2)remaining通常做前置定语，放在被修饰的名词之前；left作“剩下的”讲时，做后置定语。
完成句子：
①She bought a bunch of flowers for her mother ____________________________.
她用剩下的钱为妈妈买了一束鲜花。
②No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better to________________.
不论你多么能言善辩，有时候还是保持沉默为好。
③With many problems remain ________________，I will have a busy day tomorrow.
由于有许多问题有待解决，我明天将会很忙。
④She devoted several years to researching ______________ a Roman city.
她花了几年时间研究一座罗马城市的遗迹。
[答案]
①with the remaining money / with the money left
②remain / keep / stay silent ③to be solved
④the remains of
2.drive (drives / drove / driven / driving)
v.驱车旅行；驾驶；迫使，逼迫；驱赶；驱使
I drove to work this morning.
我今天早上开车去上的班。
The loud noise of the people in the street almost __drove__me__mad__.
街上人们的喧闹声几乎使我发疯。
He was driven by hunger to steal.＝Hunger drove him to steal.
他因饥饿而被迫偷窃。
The Chinese people drove their enemies out of their country.
中国人民把敌人从自己的国土上赶了出去。
同/ 近义词：
cause
温馨提示：
drive，cause都可翻译为“使，迫使，使得”，但它们的用法是不同的。cause可用在“cause sb.to do sth.” 结构中，但不能用在“cause sb.＋形容词 / 介词短语” 结构中，而drive却可用在上述两个结构中。
必记搭配：
drive sb.to sth. 把某人逼成什么样
drive sb.to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
drive sb.mad / crazy 把某人逼疯
3.board (boards / boarded / boarded / boarding)
n.木板；甲板；委员会
v.登上(船、飞机、火车等)；寄宿
Everybody __on__board__ was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened.
火车 / 船 / 飞机上的人都很着急，而且我们急于想了解出了什么事。
I'll write it up on the blackboard.
我会把它写在黑板上。
Passengers are waiting to board.
乘客们正在候机。
She always had one or two students boarding with her.
她家总有一两名寄宿学生。
温馨提示：
aboard adv.在船上；在飞机上；在火车上
abroad adv.在国外，到国外
broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的
go abroad 出国
at home and abroad 国内外
必记搭配：
be on board the train / ship / plane 在火车 / 船 / 飞机上
get / come / go on board 上火车、船、飞机等
be on the board 在那块木板上；在委员会里
4.declare (declares / declared / declared / declaring)
vt.宣布，宣告，宣称；断言(后接名词、复合宾语和从句)；申报(收入、财产、纳税品等)
The judge declared the man guilty.
法官宣布那个男人有罪。
The chairman declared Sam Smith elected.
主席宣布赛姆·史密斯当选。
She declared the theory was right.
她断言这个理论是正确的。
同/ 近义词：
announce / claim
必记搭配：
declare for / against 赞成 / 反对
declare war on / upon / against＋国名 向某国宣战
5.matter (matters / mattered / mattered / mattering)
vi.要紧，有关系
n.事情，问题；麻烦事，毛病
As long as you are happy，it doesn't matter what you will do.
只要你高兴，你干什么都不要紧。
We'll look into the matter together.
我们将一起调查这件事。
温馨提示：
matter做不及物动词时，通常用于疑问句和否定句，不用于进行时态。
必记搭配：
It doesn't matter if 如果……没关系
It doesn't matter who / why / what / that... ……没关系
as a matter of fact 事实上
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词或用其适当形式填空。
1.The little boy ________(proved / remained / continued) calm in the face of the threat of the robber.
2.The Titanic sank slowly to the bottom of the ocean with 1，500 passengers on ________(abroad / board / aboard).
3.Everyone is waiting for the exciting time when the chairman will ________ (declare / report / tell) the results of the election.
4.Reflecting on your own experiences will help you realize what really ________(mind / matter / trouble) to you.
[答案与解析]
1.remained。句意：面对强盗的威胁，小男孩保持镇静。remain“保持，仍是”；prove“证明，证实”；continue“继续”。
2.board。固定词组on board “在船 / 火车 / 飞机上(的)”；abroad “在 / 到国外”，不与on搭配；aboard “在船 / 飞机 / 火车上”，不与on搭配。
3.declare。此处表示“宣布选举的结果”。declare“宣布；宣告”；report “报告”；tell “告诉”。
4.matters。句意：对自己的经历进行反思将会帮助你认识到对你来说什么才是真正重要的。
Ⅱ.阅读下面材料，在横线上填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.The police wondered what had driven Andy ___________(phone) her.
2.Two months ago， Mrs Smith declared ______ big tax cuts.
3.All that ______(matter) is that you’re safe.
[答案与解析]
1.to phone。drive sb. to do sth. “迫使某人做某事”。句意：警察不明白是什么原因迫使安迪打电话给她。
2.for/against。declare for/against sth.“表态支持/反对某事”。句意：两个月前，史密斯太太表态支持/反对大幅度减税。
3.matters。先行词为All，关系词在从句中做主语，定语从句中谓语动词应用单数。
Ⅲ.完成句子。
1.It ____________ whether the operation is successful.(remain)
手术是否成功还有待观察。
2.____________ if he can't finish the job on time？(matter)
如果他不能按时完成工作，这要紧吗？
[答案]
1.remains to be seen
2.Does it matter
☆核心短语☆
1.接管，接收，接任 take _over_
The small firm has been taken over by a big international company because of lack of enough funds.
由于缺乏足够的资金，这家小公司被一家大型国际公司接管了。
随身带着 take _along_
带走，使离去 take _away_
接纳；收留；消化；吸收理解；欺骗 take _in_
脱；打折扣；(飞机)起飞；(事业)蓬勃发展 take _off_
拿出，取出 take _out_
占据；开始从事；对……感兴趣 take _up_
开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)；呈现；露出 take _on_
拆毁；写下，记录下；病倒 take _down_
退回；收回(说错的话)；接回 take _back_
用take的相关短语填空：
①Expecting to wait a long time at the dentist's， Mike decided to ______ a magazine to read.
②After he retired from office， Rogers ______ painting for a while， but soon lost interest.
③Briggs will ______ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
④Some insects ______ the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
⑤There is too much in the British Museum for us to ______.
[答案]
①take along ②took up ③take over ④take on
⑤take in
2.实施；执行；进行；承担 _carry_ out
I'm glad to see our plan carried out successfully.
我很开心我们的计划成功地实施了。
继续下去 carry _on_
运走，拿走 carry_away_
运回；拿回；使回想起 carry _back_
把……进行下去 carry _on_with_
3.事实上 _in_ fact
They told me it was cheap， but in fact it cost me $500.
他们告诉我它很便宜，但事实上，它花了我500美元。
井然有序 in _order_
在危险中 in _danger_
共有，相同地 in _common_
负债 in _debt_
处于不幸(或苦恼，困境)中 in _trouble_
大体上 in _general_
平安地；安静地 in _peace_
秘密地 in _secret_
惊奇地 in _surprise_
亲自 in _person_
特别地 in _particular_
公开地 in _public_
简言之 in _brief_
思考：in作为介词，你还能想到哪些意思呢？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
in可以表示“用”，后面可直接接“语言、墨水、现金、铅笔、语调等”。例如in English，in ink，in cash，in pencil等。in还可以表示“穿”，后面直接接“衣服；颜色”。
4.将某人处死 put sb._to_death
The prisoner was put to death at dawn.
那囚犯在黎明时被处决。
判……死刑 _sentence_ sb.to death
把……饿死 _starve_ sb.to death
把……吓死 _frighten_ / _scare_ sb.to death
把……打死 _beat_ sb.to death
把……烦死 _bore_ sb.to death
思考：put表示“使处于(某种状态)”，你还能想到哪些短语？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
put sb.at his ease 使某人感到自在，放松
put sb./ sth.to the test 考验某人或某物
put sth.into use 投入使用
put sth.into practice 实行，实施
put sth.under protection保护……
put sth.under control控制……
put sth.in danger使……遭受危险
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的短语填空。
1.The money spent on health care for people aged over 60 ______(took in / took up / took over) 41 percent of the total spent last year.
2.There is no doubt that the man who murdered his wife and children will be sentenced _____(of death / with death / to death).
3.Not only did I hear of the young woman artist，but I also interviewed her ______(in brief / in person / in debt).
[答案与解析]
1.took up。句意：去年花在60岁以上老人医疗保健上的钱占据所有花费的百分之四十一。take in吸收，欺骗；take up占据，开始做；take over接管。
2.to death。be sentenced to death“被判死刑”。句意：毫无疑问，那个谋杀了自己妻子和孩子的人将被判以死刑。
3.in person。考查介词短语。句意：我不仅听说过那位年轻的女艺术家，我还亲自采访过她。in brief简言之；in person亲自；in debt 负债。
Ⅱ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.______ fact， the house as well as his two cars has cost him all the money he earned during the past 20 years.
2.We hope the building project ______(carry) out will be completed as soon as possible because we can't bear the noise any more.
[答案与解析]
1.In。in fact事实上。
2.being carried。从we can't bear the noise any more可知建筑工程正在进行，故用现在分词的被动式做后置定语。
Ⅲ.根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。
put...to death；come down with；in trouble；take off；
in memory of；stand in one’s path；no doubt；rise up against
1.It’s common that guests will ______ shoes before entering the host’s house in China，especially in cities.
2.Who do you think is the man to whom you are going to turn for help when you are ______？
3.The murderer was reported to have been______by the court for his crime.
4.I have _______ that he can do the work well.
5.The slaves were called on to _______ their cruel masters.
6.It was named Harvard University _______its founder.
7.The teacher was surprised to find that twenty pupils had ______ flu.
8.My father is quite optimistic and insists on carrying out the plan， so you’d better not _______.
[答案与解析]
1.take off。句意：在中国，尤其是在城市，客人在进入主人家之前会脱掉鞋子是很常见的。根据句意可知，填 take off，意为“脱掉”。
2.in trouble 3.put to death
4.no doubt。句意：我毫不怀疑他能做好这项工作。短语have no doubt that“毫不怀疑……”。
5.rise up against。句意：奴隶们被号召起来反抗他们残酷的主人。结合句意可知，rise up against意为“奋起反抗”符合句意，故填rise up against。
6.in memory of 7.come down with
8.stand in his path。句意：我父亲非常乐观和坚持执行这个计划，所以你最好不要妨碍他。stand in one’s path意为“妨碍某人”，符合句意，故填stand in his path。
☆关键句型及惯用法☆
1.People started to dig in the area for treasure，which caused much damage.(P42，L1617)
译：人们开始在这个地区挖掘金银财宝，对遗址造成了很大的破坏。
[which引导非限制性定语从句]
该句中，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别在于：
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中、句尾，位置灵活，而which引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句尾、句中，但不能位于句首。
例如：As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.
我们都知道，台湾属于中国。
(as在定语从句中做宾语，该定语从句也可以放到主句之后)
The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.
运动会被延期了，这令我们很震惊。
(which在定语从句中做主语，该定语从句不能置于句首)
(2)as常用于be known(expected)，announced，reported，shown等结构中表示“正如” 的意思；而which引导的定语从句通常对主句内容起消极作用，或用于否定意义的从句，或者表示从句是主句所产生的结果。
例如：As is known to all， he is often late.
我们都知道，他经常迟到。
They didn't come to school on time，which made their teacher very angry.
他们没有按时到校，这让他们的老师很生气。
He was late this morning，which had not been expected by any of us.
今早他迟到了，此事我们谁都没料到。
He won the championship，which excited everyone present.他获得了冠军，在场的所有人都很激动。(从句是主句所产生的结果)
2.Many people were buried alive，and so was the city.How unfortunate！ (P42，L1112)
译：很多人都被活埋了，这个城市也如此。多么不幸啊！
(1)[alive做状语时]
句中的alive是形容词做状语，着重强调最后呈现出来的状态。类似用法的词还有awake，asleep，deep，straight，high，short，young，interested，surprised，satisfied等。
例如：For the whole night， she lay on her bed awake.
一整晚，她躺在床上不能入睡。
Young and brave，the soldiers went all out to defeat the floods.
年轻又勇敢，战士们全力以赴地战胜洪魔。
He must be captured alive.必须活捉他。
To our great surprise， he returned， safe and sound.
令我们大吃一惊的是，他回来了，安然无恙。
(2)[so＋be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词＋主语]
so was the city为倒装结构。so＋be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词＋主语，表示“A怎样，B也如此”。
例如：He has been to Beijing， and so have I.
他去过北京，我也去过。
She is a teacher.So is her mother.
她是一个老师，她妈妈也是。
比较：neither / nor＋be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词＋主语，意为“A不怎样，B也不怎样”。
例如：He hasn't been to Beijing.Neither / Nor have I.
他没去过北京，我也没去过。
She is not a teacher.Neither / Nor is her mother.
她不是老师，她妈妈也不是。
3.It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.(Page 43，L3234)
译：有人认为在公元200年到400年，它已经被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。
[主语＋ is believed to have been done]
此句型表示“有人认为……；……被认为……”，to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，相当于people believe that sb.have done...
类似的有：sb./ sth.is said / reported / expected / thought / supposed (etc.) to do...
The river is believed to have been polluted during the last five years.人们认为在过去的五年里，这条河流曾被污染过。
That house is said to have been destroyed in a fire.
据说那所房子在火灾中已经被毁坏了。
这种结构换成复合句就是：It is said / reported / thought / supposed that sb.＋v....，或People say / report / think / suppose that sb.＋v.＋...
例如：People say that he is a good student.
＝It is said that he is a good student.
＝He is said to be a good student.
Someone thinks that he has been to Beijing.
＝It is thought that he has been to Beijing.
＝He is thought to have been to Beijing.
完成汉译英：
①据说高智商的人们容易接受新的想法并且对生活持有积极的态度。
__________people with high EQ are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
②大家相信他已经在国外找到了一份称心如意的工作。
He ____________ a satisfying job abroad.
[答案]
①It is said that
②is believed to have found
【运用提升】
选择括号内适当的单词填空。
1.______ has always been expected，he has finally achieved his dream，______ makes his parents so proud.(as / which / that)
2.______(It / That / This) is believed that more and more people would fly to the moon in the future.
3.If my mother goes，______ (so / neither / either) will my father.
4.He is believed to be one of the best ______ composers. Although old，he is very much ______ and he can give a ______ description of what happened. (living / alive / lively)
[答案与解析]
1.As；which。考查非限制性定语从句。第一空as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后文，意思是“正如”；第二空用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文，意思是“这、那”。句意是：正如大家预想的，他最终实现了梦想，这使他父母很骄傲。
2.It。It is believed that是固定句型。It在此做形式主语。
3.so。so＋be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词＋主语，表示“A怎样，B也如此”。neither＋be动词/ 情态动词/ 助动词＋主语，则表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者，“A不怎样，B也如此”。此处前面是肯定的，故填so。
4.living； alive； lively。living “活着的”，做前置定语；alive “有活力的”，做表语；lively “生动的”。句意：有人认为他是在世最优秀的作曲家之一。尽管年纪大了，他依然神采奕奕并能生动地描述所发生的事情。
对应学生用书p53
Ⅰ.语法填空[黑体部分为本单元的单词或短语]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When a volcano erupted in Pompeii，Italy in 79 AD，the victims couldn't know how much modernday researchers 1.______(gain) from their sacrifice. When lava and ash began to pour through the villages on that unfortunate day， 2.______(destroy) homes and lives， residents of Pompeii tried to flee. However， most of them became buried in the ruins of time.
When the remains of Pompeii were discovered in the 20th century， scholars and cultural institutes had 3.______ opportunity to learn facts about Roman civilization they had never known before. The pots， wooden furniture， and leather items 4.______ were found， gave researchers clues as to how Ancient Romans decorated their homes. Small pieces of bone let 5.______(they) know what kinds of animals they ate， as well as what kinds of diseases ancient Romans may have suffered from.
In a truetolife account of the eruption in Pompeii， scholar Robert Harris examines the historical significance of the items 6.______(discover) there. In his book， Pompeii， he compares official documents from Ancient Rome with the 7.______(reality) occurrences in Pompeii， to better understand how the government operated and how it kept 8.______(citizen) safe.
9.______ ancient disasters are tragic， they give us a valuable opportunity to learn about the past.By 10.______(cover) the truth of sites like Pompeii， we can learn more about the great civilizations of the world.
[答案]
1.would gain 2.destroying 3.an 4.that / which 5.them
6.discovered 7.real 8.citizens
9.Although / Though / While 10.uncovering / discovering
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Nowadays we live in ___________ and our country is gradually growing ________________________________________________________________________.
现在我们生活在一个文明时代，我们的国家日渐富强。
2.There is ______ that people's ________________________________________________________________________
has improved， and so has their ________________________________________________________________________.
毫无疑问，人们的物质生活水平上升了，文化生活水平也上升了。
3.However， people ____________ into nature.
可是，人们已开始向大自然进军。
4.More and more people like using _________ when ______ their houses， as a result of which forests are cut down in vast numbers.
越来越多的人在装修房子时喜欢用木制的材料，正因为如此，大量的森林被砍伐。
5.As far as I'm concerned， it was ______ that Loulan _______ and lost to history / disappeared in history.
在我看来，楼兰被沙尘暴毁掉并消失在历史中是不幸的。
6.But it would be of ______ if Loulan's disappearance could make us aware of ________________________________________________________________________.
但是，如果楼兰的消失能让我们意识到保护森林的重要性，那又是很有价值的了。
[答案]
1.an age of civilization； wealthy and powerful
2.no doubt； material life； cultural life
3.have begun to march
4.wooden materials； decorating
5.unfortunate； was ruined / destroyed by sandstorms
6.great value； the importance of protecting forests
相关资料
更多
