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2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：必修2Unit3 Amazingpeople
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Unit 3 Amazing people
对应学生用书p31
项目
内 容
核心单词
单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子)
1.He ____________(渴望) to prove his courage in the battle when he was young.
2.She ____________(发信号) to the other girls that everything was all right.
3.Only in this way can they better ____________(应用) theory to practice.
4.I don't want to throw cold water on your ideas， but I think you are over ____________(乐观的).
5.The teacher still ____________(激励) us to try again， though we had failed several times.
6.He does sports almost every day， so his ____________(奉献) of too much time to sports is plain to see.
7.It is considered that digital TV is s____________ to satellite TV because it allows the same services to be delivered with clearer pictures.
8.In order not to be d____________， Lin Feng spent the whole afternoon， locked in the study， preparing the paper.
9.We must encourage the planting of new trees and p____________ our existing woodlands.
10.I think pets are c____________ of humans， and they accompany you when you're lonely.
[答案]
1.desired 2.signaled 3.apply 4.optimistic 5.inspired 6.devotion 7.superior 8.disturbed 9.preserve 10.companions
词性转换(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.Her invention raised Tom's ____________. He ____________ asked many questions about the machine.(curious)
2.____________， I won the award. It was without doubt a small ____________ to me.(fortune)
3.Listening to his ____________ speech， we were ____________ to make great efforts. It gave us not only hope but also ____________.(inspire)
4.____________ contributes much to one's success. Only when one does everything ____________ can he or she achieve the goal.(optimistic)
5.The child may not like the ____________， but he will understand why he was ____________.(punish)
6.He ____________ his life to his work， and his ____________ to his job is admired by everyone，including some of his ____________ friends.(devote)
7.It's better for students to take a ____________ of courses so as to taste ____________ kinds of subjects to find their interest.(vary)
8.He wanted to have an ____________ set up to help those in need， whose ____________ could make its work well ____________.(organize)
9.What's ____________ is that the new system should meet all our ____________.(require)
10.Many people ____________ the Western Ocean， among whom Zheng He was the most famous ____________.(explore)
11.Liu Li is a new graduate from Shandong University.She ____________ to a big company for a post last week. The interviewer said her ____________ was the best among all the ____________.(apply)
12.Having lost both his legs in a severe accident， the young man ____________ at last， whose ____________ is really a miracle.(survive)
[答案]
1.curiosity；curiously 2.Fortunately；fortune 3.inspiring；inspired；inspiration 4.Optimism；optimistically
5.punishment；punished 6.devoted；devotion；devoted 7.variety；various 8.organization；organizers；organized
9.required；requirements 10.explored；explorer 11.applied；application；applications 12.survived；survival
重点短语,汉译英
1.启航______________________________ 2.更好的，占优势____________________________
3.听说____________________________ 4.和……取得联系__________________
5.好奇__________________ 6.取得成功，奏效；还清、付清(债务)______
7.掌管，控制(某物)__________________ 8.直到今天________________
9.载入史册________________ 10.迫切(渴望)做……________________
11.对……有影响______________ 12.感到骄傲________________
13.不久以后______________ 14.与……有关系______________
15.实现梦想______________ 16.作为……而著名________________
17.敬佩________________ 18.导致；结果是……__________________
19.(偶然)遇见，发现______________ 20.碰运气，发财______________
[答案]
1.set sail 2.be superior to 3.hear of 4.get in touch with 5.be curious about 6.pay off 7.be in control (of sth.) 8.to this day 9.go down in history 10.have a strong desire to do 11.have an effect on 12.be proud of
13.shortly after 14.have sth.to do with / be in connection with 15.live one's dream 16.be known as
17.look up to 18.result in 19.come across 20.make a fortune
句型操练·背诵与仿写,1.What is certain， though， is that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day.(P43，L4647)
仿写 可以肯定的是，人们所见到的“UFO”至今仍是个谜。
What ____________ is that______________________________________________________.
2.It is well known that Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time，but I think he was also a really great person.(P107，B)
仿写 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
________________ to all that ______________________________.
3.They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut， but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.(P58，L1719)
仿写 我们不仅从她那里学到了许多英语知识，而且学到了许多外国文化知识。
We have learnt not only ____________________，but also ______________________________.
4.Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test， it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut.(P58，L2325)
仿写 正是他的优秀品质赢得了村民们的信任与爱戴。
It ______________________ that __________________________________.
[答案]
1.is certain；the “UFO” people have seen remains a riddle to this day
2.It is well known；the earth goes round the sun
3.a lot of English from her；a lot about the cultures of foreign countries
4.is his good quality；wins / has won the trust and love of the villagers
对应学生用书p32
☆重点单词☆
1.preserve (preserves / preserved / preserved / preserving)
vt.保护；保存；保持
I think some ancient customs __should__be__preserved__.
我认为一些古老的习俗应该保存下来。
The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve dead bodies.
古埃及人懂得保存尸体的方法。
You can preserve meat or fish in salt.
你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。
同/ 近义词：
reserve / protect
必记搭配：
preserve sb./ sth.from 保护，使……免遭
be wellpreserved 保养 / 保存得很好
2.disturb (disturbs / disturbed / disturbed / disturbing)
vt.打扰，干扰，妨碍；搅乱，弄乱；使……不安，烦恼
disturbed adj.困扰的，困扰人的
disturbing adj.令人困扰的
She has disturbed his plans for going abroad.
她打乱了他出国的全部计划。
A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.
微风拂动水面。
同/ 近义词：
interrupt / bother
必记搭配：
I'm sorry to disturb you， but... 对不起打扰一下，……
It disturbs sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人感到不安
3.inspire (inspires / inspired / inspired / inspiring)
v.鼓励，鼓舞；赋予灵感；启迪，启发
adj.inspired 受到鼓舞的
inspiring 鼓舞人心的
The 13th fiveyear plan __will__inspire__us__ to further efforts to win more progress in economy.
第十三个五年规划将激励我们继续努力争取经济取得更大进步。
His speech inspired them with hope.
他的演讲燃起了他们的希望。
The story was inspired by a trip to Russia.
这个故事的创作灵感来自于一次俄罗斯之行。
同/ 近义词：
encourage
必记搭配：
inspire sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人干某事
inspire sb.to sth. 激励 / 鼓励某人某事
4.clothing / cloth / clothes
clothing n.[U] 衣服，服装(总称)
一件衣服：a piece of clothing / an article of clothing，用代词修饰时，可说this / that clothing。
clothes n.[pl]衣服
一套衣服：a suit of clothes，可说 many / these clothes。
cloth n.[U]布
一块布：a piece of cloth。
又作n.[C]桌布，抹布。
一块桌布：a table cloth。a cloth 一块抹布，一块桌布，复数为cloths。
In warm weather， you should wear clothing that is cool and comfortable.
在温热的天气里，应该穿凉快舒适的衣服。
You're always leaving your clothes on the floor.
你总是把衣服扔在地板上。
They covered the table with a piece of white clean cloth.
他们在桌上铺上了一块干净的白桌布。
5.desire (desires / desired / desired / desiring)
n.欲望，要求
v.想要，请求
I have no desire to discuss the question.
我不想讨论这个问题。
They had little desire for wealth / to get rich.
他们对财富 / 致富无大欲望。
He desired us to leave soon.
他希望我们尽快离开。
People desire peace.
人们渴望和平。
同/ 近义词：
wish for / want
必记搭配：
desire to do sth./ thatclause 希望 / 要求做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 希望或要求某人做某事
have no desire to do sth. 不想做某事
have a strong desire for sth./ to do sth. 强烈渴望……
6.apply (applies / applied / applied / applying)
vt.应用，实施；使用，引用；适用，适合
vi.申请
New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.
新技术几乎应用到所有工业流程。
If you__apply__yourself to the job in hand， you'll finish it soon.
如果你专心对待手头的工作，就会很快完成它。
I applied to several universities and was accepted by all of them.
我申请了几所大学并且全被录取。
温馨提示：
apply用作不及物动词时，与介词to 连用，表示“向……提出申请”。
必记搭配：
apply to...for... 向……提出申请(以得到……)
be applied to 适用于，应用于
apply for 申请；请求，接洽
apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力做某事
apply sth.to 把……施于……；把……运用于……
have application in 应用于
fill in an application form 填写申请表
7.discourage (discourages / discouraged / discouraged / discouraging)
vt.阻挡，阻止；使泄气，使沮丧；打消……念头
We ought to focus on __discouraging__kids__from__smoking__.
我们应把重点放在劝阻孩子们不要吸烟上。
I leave a light on when I'm out to discourage thieves.
我出门时开着灯以防小偷闯入。
反义词：
encourage
必记搭配：
discourage sb.from doing sth. 劝某人不要做……
encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词填空。
1.She was one of the most ____________(inspired / inspiring/ inspire) people I've ever met.
2.A society was set up to ____________(reserve / preserve / observe) the endangered animals and plant life from dying out in this area.
3.The old woman ____________(desired / suggested / hoped) her sons and daughters to come and see her from time to time.
4.On New Year's Day， people， especially girls，always wear new____________(clothes / clothing / cloth)—new hats，new coats， new trousers and new shoes.
[答案与解析]
1.inspiring。inspiring鼓舞人心的； inspire鼓励；inspired激动人心的。句意：她是我见过的最鼓舞人心的人之一。
2.preserve。reserve储存，储备；preserve保护，保留；observe观察。
3.desired。考查动词用法。desire sb.to do sth.“希望或要求某人做某事”，suggest和hope不可用这种结构。
4.clothing。考查名词辨析。clothes “衣服”；clothing是“衣物”的总称；cloth “布”。句中含有帽子、外套、裤子和鞋子等。故用clothing。
Ⅱ.改错。
1.The noise was so disturbed that he stayed awake the whole night.
________________________________________________________________________
2.Over the next weeks， he applied himself at improving the technique.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案与解析]
1.把disturbed改为disturbing。考查以ing结尾和以ed结尾的形容词。以ing结尾的形容词修饰物，意为“令人……的”；以ed结尾的形容词修饰人，意为“感到……的”。根据句意：那声音是如此的令人不安，以至于他一夜没睡。可知，应把disturbed改为disturbing。
2.把at改为to。句意：在接下来的几周里，他专心致志地改进技术。apply oneself to sth.致力于某事。
Ⅲ.完成句子。
1.Good actions give strength to ourselves and ____________ in others.(inspire)
善行会给予我们自己力量，并且会激发他人去行善。
2.The child ______________________ find out ____________ everything works.(curious)
这孩子总是好奇，想弄明白一切都是怎么回事。
3.We have taken effective measures ____________________.(preserve)
我们已采取有效措施来保护自然资源。
4.The students ____________ when the teacher told them few of them passed the exam.(discouraged)
当老师告诉学生们很少有人通过考试时，他们感到灰心。
5.The teacher ________ that all the students ______________ their homework before 5 p.m.(require)
老师要求全体学生下午5点前上交作业。
[答案]
1.inspired good actions
2.is always curious to； how
3.to preserve natural resources
4.got/felt discouraged
5.required； hand in
☆核心短语☆
1.导致 __result__ in
His careless speech resulted in much argument.
他过于草率的发言引来许多争议。
(1)result in(＝cause)引起；导致；造成(后接结果)
result from 由于……而引起(后接原因)
(2)as a result结果
as a result of... 由于……的结果
without result(＝in vain) 没有结果；白费
导致 __lead__to
__contribute__ to
同义句转换：
①His failure resulted from his carelessness.
＝His carelessness____________ ____________ his failure.
＝He was careless.____________ ____________ ____________， he failed.
他的失败是由他的粗心造成的。
完成句子：
②The problem simply ____________a difference of opinion.
这个问题仅仅是由于意见分歧引起的。
③He fell down and broke his leg， and ____________， he had to be away from school for two or three months.
他跌伤了腿，因此，他只好两三个月不上学。
④The accident which took place yesterday， __________ the death of two passengers.
昨天发生的事故导致两名乘客死亡。
[答案]
①resulted in；As a result ②resulted from ③as a result ④resulted in
2.载入史册 go __down__in history
His achievements will go down in history.
他的成就将被载入史册。
追赶；追求某人；谋求某事 go __after__
对某人不利；反抗；与……不符合 go __against__
继续；进展 go __along__
回忆到，追溯到 go __back__to__
过去，渡过；遵循；以……来判断 go __by__
离开；爆炸，开火；(电灯)熄灭 go __off__
继续，进行 go __on__
与……相伴而生 go __with__
3.作为……而著名 be known __as__
He is known as a successful architect.
他作为一名成功的建筑师而闻名。
以……著名 be known __for__
为……所知 be known __to__
用适当的介词填空：
①As is known ____________ all， table tennis is known ____________ the most popular sport in China.
②Hangzhou is well known ____________ the West Lake.
[答案]
①to； as ②for
4.发现；(偶然)遇见；给人印象是 come __across__
He came across some of his old love letters in his wife's drawer.
他在妻子的抽屉里偶然发现了自己以前写的情书。
发生；(船只)改变航向 come __about__
一起去；赶快 come __along__
(劝说等)来吧；开始；赶快 come __on__
出版；结果是；(花朵)开放 come __out__
赶上；提出；想出 come __up__with
苏醒，恢复知觉 come to __oneself__
开始被使用 come __into__ use
用come的相关短语完成句子：
①When we read newspapers，we often ________________ such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”.
当我们看报纸时，经常遇到像“AIDS”和“PK”这样的英文单词。
②We’re going to the cinema this afternoon. Do you want to ________________？
我们打算下午去看电影。你要一起吗？
③How did it ________________ that he was dismissed？
他被解雇了，这是怎么回事？
④What he said ________________ to be true at last.
他所说的话最后被证明是真实的。
[答案]
①come across ②come along ③come about ④came out
5.与……有关；有联系 in __connection__ with
I am writing to you in connection with your recent job application.
我写此信与你最近求职一事有关。
与……有关；有联系 be __connected__ with
have something __to__do__ with
be __related__ to
be __linked__ to / with
be __concerned__ with
be __involved__ in
和……有接触 in __touch__ with
6.掌握，掌控(某物) in __control__ of
He wants to be in control of his own destiny.
他想要掌握自己的命运。
失去控制 __out__of__ control
被……控制住 __in__/__under__ the control of
无法控制 __beyond__ control
失去对……的控制 __lose__ control of
得到 / 取得对……的控制 __take__/__gain__ control of
使……得到控制 __have__/__bring__... under control
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Chaplin was known ____________ us all，as he had developed a new manner of acting.
2.—Didn't you have a good time at the party？
—Of course I did.As a matter of fact，I had such fun that time seemed to go____________ so quickly.
3.The teacher asked who could come up ____________ a good solution to this problem.
4.Scientists have shown that there is a connection ____________ cigarette smoking and certain diseases.
5.As a matter of fact，____________(lose) of sleep can make you look tired，and even result ____________ putting on weight.
[答案与解析]
1.to。句意：卓别林为我们所熟知，因为他开创了一种新的表演方式。be known to“为……所知”。
2.by。go by“(时间，岁月等)流逝，过去”。
3.with。come up with“提出”。
4.between。句意：科学家表明吸烟和某些疾病是有联系的。a connection between...and...“……和……两者之间的联系”。
5.loss； in。句意：事实上，失眠会使你显得疲惫并变胖。loss是lose的名词形式；result in“导致”。
Ⅱ.根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。
pay off；shortly after；look up to sb.；
go down in history；have a / an...effect on；out of control
1.A day may begin well enough， but suddenly everything seems to go____________.
2.Large quantities of waste water are poured into the Xiangjiang River without being dealt with，which ____________ bad ____________ the environment of Changsha.
3.If something you do ____________， it is successful or has a good result.
4.The prince said that these conservation efforts will ____________ and will make later generations proud.
5.He set up his own company ____________ he resigned from his previous position.
6.Having achieved so much in science， the scientist is worthy of ____________.
[答案]
1.out of control 2.has a；effect on 3.pays off
4.go down in history 5.shortly after
6.being looked up to
☆关键句型及惯用法☆
1.By the 1920s， he had become an explorer， searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.(P42，L78)
译：到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王们的陵墓。
(1)[by表示“在……之前，不迟于……”时]
此处by表示“在……之前，不迟于……”，后面常接表示时间点的名词，如果接过去时间，句子多用过去完成时；如果接将来时间，句子多用将来完成时。
They had finished printing 500 copies by the end of last month.
到上月底，他们已经印完了500册。
By the end of next month，Mary will have finished her studies in China.
到下个月底，玛丽将完成在中国的学习。
思考：a.by the time常充当连词，引导时间状语从句，其从句常用什么时态，主句又用什么时态？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
by the time从句中用过去时态，则主句时态用过去完成时态；by the time从句中用现在时态，则主句时态用将来完成时态。
By the time he was fourteen years old， he had learned maths all by himself.
到14岁的时候，他就已经自学了数学。
I shall have finished it by the time you come back.
你回来以前我就把它做完了。
b.翻译：当我到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
By the time I got to the airport， the plane had already taken off.
(2)[现在分词做状语]
searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings是现在分词短语做状语，表示方式，与其逻辑主语(he)之间是主动关系。
如：My parents wrote me a letter，telling me to change my job.
我父母来信叫我换份工作。
思考：ving分词，除了做方式状语外，还可以做哪些状语？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
ving分词通常可以充当时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随状语，相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
Having watered the flowers， he began to cut the grass.
他把花浇好后，开始割草。(时间)
Not knowing her address， I can't write to her.
由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。(原因)
Her husband died ten years ago，leaving her with three children to look after.
她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。(结果)
Taking the path that leads out of the town， you will come to a dense wood.
如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。(条件)
They would be able to reply to our signals by using similar methods.
他们将能用同样的方法回应我们的信号。(方式)
All night long he lay awake， thinking of the problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。(伴随)
英译中(注意ving分词充当的成分)：
①In order to catch the bus， he came running all the way.
________________________________________________________________________
②The long and tiring talk ended in disorder， reaching no agreement at all.
________________________________________________________________________
③Hearing the sound of footsteps below， he rose and went to the top of the stairs.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
①为了赶上汽车，他跑了一路。(running做方式状语)
②这次冗长乏味的谈话以混乱收场，根本没有达成一致意见。 (reaching做结果状语)
③听见下面的脚步声，他站起身来走到楼梯口。(hearing做时间状语)
2.What is certain，though，is that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day.(P43，L4647)
译：但有一点可以肯定的是，“木乃伊的诅咒”至今仍是个谜。
上面句子可以改写成：
It is certain， though， that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day.
思考：a.例句中有几个名词性从句？分别是什么从句？
________________________________________________________________________
b.what引导名词性从句与that引导名词性从句有什么区别？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
a.两个名词性从句，what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。
b.what引导名词性从句时，在从句中既做连词又充当句子成分，常译作 “所……的(人或事物)”，“什么”；而that引导名词性从句时，只做连接词，没有意义，无需翻译，也不充当任何句子成分。
语法填空：
①I don't think ____________ you have done is effective and ________ you will make progress in English.
[答案与解析]
①what；that。what引导主语从句，在宾语从句中充当主语；that引导宾语从句。
(2)[though做副词]
though 在句中做副词，意为“尽管这样，不过，可是，然而”，可用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，可放在句中或句末。
例如：Our team lost.It was a good game，though.
我们队输了，可是这仍不失为一场精彩的比赛。
though也可做连词，“尽管，即使，虽然”，相当于although，引导让步状语从句。
例如：Although / Though she gave no sign，I was sure she had seen me.
尽管她没有作出任何表示，我还是肯定她看见我了。
思考：although与though和as有什么区别吗？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
although只可做连词，不能做副词，并且在下面这种句型中也不能替代though：
Hardworking though / as he was， there was never enough money to pay the bills.
Small boy though / as he is， he knows a lot.
以上两句中though都可被as代替，特别注意如果though / as前是单数名词，要用零冠词。
选词填空：
②Mary had promised to give me a ticket for tomorrow.She failed，____________(either / though / too).
[答案与解析]
②though。结合上下文意思我们可以知道本题表示转折关系。故填though。
3.Would you rather be famous，or be very helpful but unknown？(P45，Part F)
译：你是宁愿出名还是助人为乐却默默无闻呢？
[would rather 句型]
would rather 的用法小结：
(1)would rather意思是“宁愿；宁可；更，最好，还是……为好”，后接动词原形，常省略为'd rather，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是would rather not do sth.。would rather没有人称和数的变化，且无词性、时态变化。
Mr.Li would rather not listen to rock music.
李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
If you'd rather be alone， we'll all leave here.
如果你宁愿独自待着，那我们都离开这儿。
(2)would rather＋从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，从句中的谓语动词一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语动词则用过去完成时。例如：
John wants to see me today.I would rather he came here tomorrow than today.
约翰今天想来看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。
I would rather I had not seen that terrible scene that day.
我宁愿那天我没有看见那可怕的场景。
完成句子：
①I ________________ at home and do some reading this evening./ I ______________ I stayed at home and did some reading this evening.
今晚我宁愿待在家中读点书。
②I would rather that ______________________ who was hurt instead of my mother.
我宁愿当时受伤的是我，而不是我的母亲。
[答案]
①would rather stay； would rather(that)
②it had been I
思考：would rather 还有什么别的用法？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather...than...或would...rather than...的句型。
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus.
孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意：would rather...than... / would...rather than...也可以颠倒为：rather than...would...。would (rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，则than 后的动词可以省略。
I would rather have noodles than rice.
我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
He would rather drink red wine than beer.
他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
Rather than work in such bad condition， he would give up.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。
【运用提升】
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.By the time you receive the letter， I ____________(leave) the city.
2.Scientific research has showed clearly that____________parents say and do has a deep effect on their kids.
3.—What a pity！ I missed the last concert of the year.
—Oh， not at all， it was so terrible. In fact， I would rather I____________(be) there.
4.A beach house caught fire last night， ____________(kill) seven students living in it.
[答案与解析]
1.will have left。句意：当你收到这封信时，我已经离开了这个城市。由by the time引导的时间状语从句，从句中用现在时态，主句需用将来完成时态，故填will have left。
2.what。考查主语从句。本句中有两个从句，第一个是that引导的宾语从句，that引导的宾语从句中又包含一个主语从句。what 引导主语从句，并做say和do的宾语，表示“父母所说的和所做的”含义，故填what。
3.hadn't been。考查would rather的用法。would rather后的从句需使用虚拟语气。根据句意可知，说的是过去的事情，应用过去完成时，故填hadn't been。
4.killing。不定式和现在分词均可用作结果状语，不定式偏重于表示出乎意料的结果，特别是前面有only时。此句是现在分词短语做结果状语，表示正常的、意料之中的结果。故填killing。
对应学生用书p36
Ⅰ.语法填空[黑体部分为本单元的单词或短语]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Christopher Columbus set sail from Europe in the 16th century， he desired to make a name for himself by finding a new way 1.____________(sail) to India. Little 2.____________(do) Columbus know that he would end up sailing to The Americas， a new land which Europeans knew nothing about. His voyage resulted in the death of many native people in the Americas.The native people 3.____________(give) clothing covered with diseases， forced to become slaves， given hard punishment， and were murdered at the hands of Columbus and his companions. Within just 200 years of Columbus's arrival， almost all of the Native Americans were gone. 4.____________ Columbus is still remembered for discovering America， there is a connection with his voyage and the injustice faced by Native Americans.
In the early 1900s several people tried to make a name for themselves by exploring the 5.____________(hide) valleys of Egypt. The 6.____________(tomb) of ancient Egypt are famous for holding untold fortunes. Shortly after an explorer came across the 7.____________(value) contents of one of these tombs， people began coming to Egypt to take jewels for 8.____________(they).Mummies were taken from their resting places to be put in European museums. Those 9.____________ discovered the most famous mummies， like King Tut， became famous around the world.
It is common for us to look up to famous explorers with 10.____________(devote)， and their superior status in the pages of history is certain.
[答案]
1.to sail 2.did 3.were given 4.Though / Although
5.hidden 6.tombs 7.valuable 8.themselves 9.who 10.devotion
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Tom is a very curious student， who ______________________________ an explorer since he was a child.
汤姆是一个好奇心很重的学生，从小就梦想成为一名探险家。
2.One day， in a valley he came across __________________， in which he desired ______________________.
有一天，他在一个山谷中发现了一个罕见的坟墓入口，他渴望在里面找到一大笔财富。
3.His teacher knew his thought and gave __________________ against doing so， as it was very dangerous indeed.
他的老师知道了他的想法，警告他不要去做这么危险的事情。
4.But he still skipped classes to go into the tomb， only __________________ in it.
可他还是逃课去了坟墓，结果什么也没找到。
5.____________， he got a ______________ because he had broken the school rules.
更糟糕的是，他因为违反了学校规定，受到了严厉的惩罚。
6.However， all of these didn't ________________ at all， and he still took an optimistic attitude and devoted himself to finding the next place____________.
然而，这一切都没有使他泄气，他仍然抱乐观态度并投身于寻找下一个可以探险的地方。
[答案]
1.has been dreaming to be
2.a rare entrance to a tomb； to find a fortune
3.him a warning
4.to find nothing
5.What's worse； severe punishment
6.discourage him； to explore
对应学生用书p31
项目
内 容
核心单词
单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子)
1.He ____________(渴望) to prove his courage in the battle when he was young.
2.She ____________(发信号) to the other girls that everything was all right.
3.Only in this way can they better ____________(应用) theory to practice.
4.I don't want to throw cold water on your ideas， but I think you are over ____________(乐观的).
5.The teacher still ____________(激励) us to try again， though we had failed several times.
6.He does sports almost every day， so his ____________(奉献) of too much time to sports is plain to see.
7.It is considered that digital TV is s____________ to satellite TV because it allows the same services to be delivered with clearer pictures.
8.In order not to be d____________， Lin Feng spent the whole afternoon， locked in the study， preparing the paper.
9.We must encourage the planting of new trees and p____________ our existing woodlands.
10.I think pets are c____________ of humans， and they accompany you when you're lonely.
[答案]
1.desired 2.signaled 3.apply 4.optimistic 5.inspired 6.devotion 7.superior 8.disturbed 9.preserve 10.companions
词性转换(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.Her invention raised Tom's ____________. He ____________ asked many questions about the machine.(curious)
2.____________， I won the award. It was without doubt a small ____________ to me.(fortune)
3.Listening to his ____________ speech， we were ____________ to make great efforts. It gave us not only hope but also ____________.(inspire)
4.____________ contributes much to one's success. Only when one does everything ____________ can he or she achieve the goal.(optimistic)
5.The child may not like the ____________， but he will understand why he was ____________.(punish)
6.He ____________ his life to his work， and his ____________ to his job is admired by everyone，including some of his ____________ friends.(devote)
7.It's better for students to take a ____________ of courses so as to taste ____________ kinds of subjects to find their interest.(vary)
8.He wanted to have an ____________ set up to help those in need， whose ____________ could make its work well ____________.(organize)
9.What's ____________ is that the new system should meet all our ____________.(require)
10.Many people ____________ the Western Ocean， among whom Zheng He was the most famous ____________.(explore)
11.Liu Li is a new graduate from Shandong University.She ____________ to a big company for a post last week. The interviewer said her ____________ was the best among all the ____________.(apply)
12.Having lost both his legs in a severe accident， the young man ____________ at last， whose ____________ is really a miracle.(survive)
[答案]
1.curiosity；curiously 2.Fortunately；fortune 3.inspiring；inspired；inspiration 4.Optimism；optimistically
5.punishment；punished 6.devoted；devotion；devoted 7.variety；various 8.organization；organizers；organized
9.required；requirements 10.explored；explorer 11.applied；application；applications 12.survived；survival
重点短语,汉译英
1.启航______________________________ 2.更好的，占优势____________________________
3.听说____________________________ 4.和……取得联系__________________
5.好奇__________________ 6.取得成功，奏效；还清、付清(债务)______
7.掌管，控制(某物)__________________ 8.直到今天________________
9.载入史册________________ 10.迫切(渴望)做……________________
11.对……有影响______________ 12.感到骄傲________________
13.不久以后______________ 14.与……有关系______________
15.实现梦想______________ 16.作为……而著名________________
17.敬佩________________ 18.导致；结果是……__________________
19.(偶然)遇见，发现______________ 20.碰运气，发财______________
[答案]
1.set sail 2.be superior to 3.hear of 4.get in touch with 5.be curious about 6.pay off 7.be in control (of sth.) 8.to this day 9.go down in history 10.have a strong desire to do 11.have an effect on 12.be proud of
13.shortly after 14.have sth.to do with / be in connection with 15.live one's dream 16.be known as
17.look up to 18.result in 19.come across 20.make a fortune
句型操练·背诵与仿写,1.What is certain， though， is that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day.(P43，L4647)
仿写 可以肯定的是，人们所见到的“UFO”至今仍是个谜。
What ____________ is that______________________________________________________.
2.It is well known that Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time，but I think he was also a really great person.(P107，B)
仿写 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
________________ to all that ______________________________.
3.They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut， but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.(P58，L1719)
仿写 我们不仅从她那里学到了许多英语知识，而且学到了许多外国文化知识。
We have learnt not only ____________________，but also ______________________________.
4.Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test， it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut.(P58，L2325)
仿写 正是他的优秀品质赢得了村民们的信任与爱戴。
It ______________________ that __________________________________.
[答案]
1.is certain；the “UFO” people have seen remains a riddle to this day
2.It is well known；the earth goes round the sun
3.a lot of English from her；a lot about the cultures of foreign countries
4.is his good quality；wins / has won the trust and love of the villagers
对应学生用书p32
☆重点单词☆
1.preserve (preserves / preserved / preserved / preserving)
vt.保护；保存；保持
I think some ancient customs __should__be__preserved__.
我认为一些古老的习俗应该保存下来。
The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve dead bodies.
古埃及人懂得保存尸体的方法。
You can preserve meat or fish in salt.
你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。
同/ 近义词：
reserve / protect
必记搭配：
preserve sb./ sth.from 保护，使……免遭
be wellpreserved 保养 / 保存得很好
2.disturb (disturbs / disturbed / disturbed / disturbing)
vt.打扰，干扰，妨碍；搅乱，弄乱；使……不安，烦恼
disturbed adj.困扰的，困扰人的
disturbing adj.令人困扰的
She has disturbed his plans for going abroad.
她打乱了他出国的全部计划。
A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.
微风拂动水面。
同/ 近义词：
interrupt / bother
必记搭配：
I'm sorry to disturb you， but... 对不起打扰一下，……
It disturbs sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人感到不安
3.inspire (inspires / inspired / inspired / inspiring)
v.鼓励，鼓舞；赋予灵感；启迪，启发
adj.inspired 受到鼓舞的
inspiring 鼓舞人心的
The 13th fiveyear plan __will__inspire__us__ to further efforts to win more progress in economy.
第十三个五年规划将激励我们继续努力争取经济取得更大进步。
His speech inspired them with hope.
他的演讲燃起了他们的希望。
The story was inspired by a trip to Russia.
这个故事的创作灵感来自于一次俄罗斯之行。
同/ 近义词：
encourage
必记搭配：
inspire sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人干某事
inspire sb.to sth. 激励 / 鼓励某人某事
4.clothing / cloth / clothes
clothing n.[U] 衣服，服装(总称)
一件衣服：a piece of clothing / an article of clothing，用代词修饰时，可说this / that clothing。
clothes n.[pl]衣服
一套衣服：a suit of clothes，可说 many / these clothes。
cloth n.[U]布
一块布：a piece of cloth。
又作n.[C]桌布，抹布。
一块桌布：a table cloth。a cloth 一块抹布，一块桌布，复数为cloths。
In warm weather， you should wear clothing that is cool and comfortable.
在温热的天气里，应该穿凉快舒适的衣服。
You're always leaving your clothes on the floor.
你总是把衣服扔在地板上。
They covered the table with a piece of white clean cloth.
他们在桌上铺上了一块干净的白桌布。
5.desire (desires / desired / desired / desiring)
n.欲望，要求
v.想要，请求
I have no desire to discuss the question.
我不想讨论这个问题。
They had little desire for wealth / to get rich.
他们对财富 / 致富无大欲望。
He desired us to leave soon.
他希望我们尽快离开。
People desire peace.
人们渴望和平。
同/ 近义词：
wish for / want
必记搭配：
desire to do sth./ thatclause 希望 / 要求做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 希望或要求某人做某事
have no desire to do sth. 不想做某事
have a strong desire for sth./ to do sth. 强烈渴望……
6.apply (applies / applied / applied / applying)
vt.应用，实施；使用，引用；适用，适合
vi.申请
New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.
新技术几乎应用到所有工业流程。
If you__apply__yourself to the job in hand， you'll finish it soon.
如果你专心对待手头的工作，就会很快完成它。
I applied to several universities and was accepted by all of them.
我申请了几所大学并且全被录取。
温馨提示：
apply用作不及物动词时，与介词to 连用，表示“向……提出申请”。
必记搭配：
apply to...for... 向……提出申请(以得到……)
be applied to 适用于，应用于
apply for 申请；请求，接洽
apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力做某事
apply sth.to 把……施于……；把……运用于……
have application in 应用于
fill in an application form 填写申请表
7.discourage (discourages / discouraged / discouraged / discouraging)
vt.阻挡，阻止；使泄气，使沮丧；打消……念头
We ought to focus on __discouraging__kids__from__smoking__.
我们应把重点放在劝阻孩子们不要吸烟上。
I leave a light on when I'm out to discourage thieves.
我出门时开着灯以防小偷闯入。
反义词：
encourage
必记搭配：
discourage sb.from doing sth. 劝某人不要做……
encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词填空。
1.She was one of the most ____________(inspired / inspiring/ inspire) people I've ever met.
2.A society was set up to ____________(reserve / preserve / observe) the endangered animals and plant life from dying out in this area.
3.The old woman ____________(desired / suggested / hoped) her sons and daughters to come and see her from time to time.
4.On New Year's Day， people， especially girls，always wear new____________(clothes / clothing / cloth)—new hats，new coats， new trousers and new shoes.
[答案与解析]
1.inspiring。inspiring鼓舞人心的； inspire鼓励；inspired激动人心的。句意：她是我见过的最鼓舞人心的人之一。
2.preserve。reserve储存，储备；preserve保护，保留；observe观察。
3.desired。考查动词用法。desire sb.to do sth.“希望或要求某人做某事”，suggest和hope不可用这种结构。
4.clothing。考查名词辨析。clothes “衣服”；clothing是“衣物”的总称；cloth “布”。句中含有帽子、外套、裤子和鞋子等。故用clothing。
Ⅱ.改错。
1.The noise was so disturbed that he stayed awake the whole night.
________________________________________________________________________
2.Over the next weeks， he applied himself at improving the technique.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案与解析]
1.把disturbed改为disturbing。考查以ing结尾和以ed结尾的形容词。以ing结尾的形容词修饰物，意为“令人……的”；以ed结尾的形容词修饰人，意为“感到……的”。根据句意：那声音是如此的令人不安，以至于他一夜没睡。可知，应把disturbed改为disturbing。
2.把at改为to。句意：在接下来的几周里，他专心致志地改进技术。apply oneself to sth.致力于某事。
Ⅲ.完成句子。
1.Good actions give strength to ourselves and ____________ in others.(inspire)
善行会给予我们自己力量，并且会激发他人去行善。
2.The child ______________________ find out ____________ everything works.(curious)
这孩子总是好奇，想弄明白一切都是怎么回事。
3.We have taken effective measures ____________________.(preserve)
我们已采取有效措施来保护自然资源。
4.The students ____________ when the teacher told them few of them passed the exam.(discouraged)
当老师告诉学生们很少有人通过考试时，他们感到灰心。
5.The teacher ________ that all the students ______________ their homework before 5 p.m.(require)
老师要求全体学生下午5点前上交作业。
[答案]
1.inspired good actions
2.is always curious to； how
3.to preserve natural resources
4.got/felt discouraged
5.required； hand in
☆核心短语☆
1.导致 __result__ in
His careless speech resulted in much argument.
他过于草率的发言引来许多争议。
(1)result in(＝cause)引起；导致；造成(后接结果)
result from 由于……而引起(后接原因)
(2)as a result结果
as a result of... 由于……的结果
without result(＝in vain) 没有结果；白费
导致 __lead__to
__contribute__ to
同义句转换：
①His failure resulted from his carelessness.
＝His carelessness____________ ____________ his failure.
＝He was careless.____________ ____________ ____________， he failed.
他的失败是由他的粗心造成的。
完成句子：
②The problem simply ____________a difference of opinion.
这个问题仅仅是由于意见分歧引起的。
③He fell down and broke his leg， and ____________， he had to be away from school for two or three months.
他跌伤了腿，因此，他只好两三个月不上学。
④The accident which took place yesterday， __________ the death of two passengers.
昨天发生的事故导致两名乘客死亡。
[答案]
①resulted in；As a result ②resulted from ③as a result ④resulted in
2.载入史册 go __down__in history
His achievements will go down in history.
他的成就将被载入史册。
追赶；追求某人；谋求某事 go __after__
对某人不利；反抗；与……不符合 go __against__
继续；进展 go __along__
回忆到，追溯到 go __back__to__
过去，渡过；遵循；以……来判断 go __by__
离开；爆炸，开火；(电灯)熄灭 go __off__
继续，进行 go __on__
与……相伴而生 go __with__
3.作为……而著名 be known __as__
He is known as a successful architect.
他作为一名成功的建筑师而闻名。
以……著名 be known __for__
为……所知 be known __to__
用适当的介词填空：
①As is known ____________ all， table tennis is known ____________ the most popular sport in China.
②Hangzhou is well known ____________ the West Lake.
[答案]
①to； as ②for
4.发现；(偶然)遇见；给人印象是 come __across__
He came across some of his old love letters in his wife's drawer.
他在妻子的抽屉里偶然发现了自己以前写的情书。
发生；(船只)改变航向 come __about__
一起去；赶快 come __along__
(劝说等)来吧；开始；赶快 come __on__
出版；结果是；(花朵)开放 come __out__
赶上；提出；想出 come __up__with
苏醒，恢复知觉 come to __oneself__
开始被使用 come __into__ use
用come的相关短语完成句子：
①When we read newspapers，we often ________________ such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”.
当我们看报纸时，经常遇到像“AIDS”和“PK”这样的英文单词。
②We’re going to the cinema this afternoon. Do you want to ________________？
我们打算下午去看电影。你要一起吗？
③How did it ________________ that he was dismissed？
他被解雇了，这是怎么回事？
④What he said ________________ to be true at last.
他所说的话最后被证明是真实的。
[答案]
①come across ②come along ③come about ④came out
5.与……有关；有联系 in __connection__ with
I am writing to you in connection with your recent job application.
我写此信与你最近求职一事有关。
与……有关；有联系 be __connected__ with
have something __to__do__ with
be __related__ to
be __linked__ to / with
be __concerned__ with
be __involved__ in
和……有接触 in __touch__ with
6.掌握，掌控(某物) in __control__ of
He wants to be in control of his own destiny.
他想要掌握自己的命运。
失去控制 __out__of__ control
被……控制住 __in__/__under__ the control of
无法控制 __beyond__ control
失去对……的控制 __lose__ control of
得到 / 取得对……的控制 __take__/__gain__ control of
使……得到控制 __have__/__bring__... under control
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Chaplin was known ____________ us all，as he had developed a new manner of acting.
2.—Didn't you have a good time at the party？
—Of course I did.As a matter of fact，I had such fun that time seemed to go____________ so quickly.
3.The teacher asked who could come up ____________ a good solution to this problem.
4.Scientists have shown that there is a connection ____________ cigarette smoking and certain diseases.
5.As a matter of fact，____________(lose) of sleep can make you look tired，and even result ____________ putting on weight.
[答案与解析]
1.to。句意：卓别林为我们所熟知，因为他开创了一种新的表演方式。be known to“为……所知”。
2.by。go by“(时间，岁月等)流逝，过去”。
3.with。come up with“提出”。
4.between。句意：科学家表明吸烟和某些疾病是有联系的。a connection between...and...“……和……两者之间的联系”。
5.loss； in。句意：事实上，失眠会使你显得疲惫并变胖。loss是lose的名词形式；result in“导致”。
Ⅱ.根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。
pay off；shortly after；look up to sb.；
go down in history；have a / an...effect on；out of control
1.A day may begin well enough， but suddenly everything seems to go____________.
2.Large quantities of waste water are poured into the Xiangjiang River without being dealt with，which ____________ bad ____________ the environment of Changsha.
3.If something you do ____________， it is successful or has a good result.
4.The prince said that these conservation efforts will ____________ and will make later generations proud.
5.He set up his own company ____________ he resigned from his previous position.
6.Having achieved so much in science， the scientist is worthy of ____________.
[答案]
1.out of control 2.has a；effect on 3.pays off
4.go down in history 5.shortly after
6.being looked up to
☆关键句型及惯用法☆
1.By the 1920s， he had become an explorer， searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.(P42，L78)
译：到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王们的陵墓。
(1)[by表示“在……之前，不迟于……”时]
此处by表示“在……之前，不迟于……”，后面常接表示时间点的名词，如果接过去时间，句子多用过去完成时；如果接将来时间，句子多用将来完成时。
They had finished printing 500 copies by the end of last month.
到上月底，他们已经印完了500册。
By the end of next month，Mary will have finished her studies in China.
到下个月底，玛丽将完成在中国的学习。
思考：a.by the time常充当连词，引导时间状语从句，其从句常用什么时态，主句又用什么时态？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
by the time从句中用过去时态，则主句时态用过去完成时态；by the time从句中用现在时态，则主句时态用将来完成时态。
By the time he was fourteen years old， he had learned maths all by himself.
到14岁的时候，他就已经自学了数学。
I shall have finished it by the time you come back.
你回来以前我就把它做完了。
b.翻译：当我到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
By the time I got to the airport， the plane had already taken off.
(2)[现在分词做状语]
searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings是现在分词短语做状语，表示方式，与其逻辑主语(he)之间是主动关系。
如：My parents wrote me a letter，telling me to change my job.
我父母来信叫我换份工作。
思考：ving分词，除了做方式状语外，还可以做哪些状语？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
ving分词通常可以充当时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随状语，相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
Having watered the flowers， he began to cut the grass.
他把花浇好后，开始割草。(时间)
Not knowing her address， I can't write to her.
由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。(原因)
Her husband died ten years ago，leaving her with three children to look after.
她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。(结果)
Taking the path that leads out of the town， you will come to a dense wood.
如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。(条件)
They would be able to reply to our signals by using similar methods.
他们将能用同样的方法回应我们的信号。(方式)
All night long he lay awake， thinking of the problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。(伴随)
英译中(注意ving分词充当的成分)：
①In order to catch the bus， he came running all the way.
________________________________________________________________________
②The long and tiring talk ended in disorder， reaching no agreement at all.
________________________________________________________________________
③Hearing the sound of footsteps below， he rose and went to the top of the stairs.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
①为了赶上汽车，他跑了一路。(running做方式状语)
②这次冗长乏味的谈话以混乱收场，根本没有达成一致意见。 (reaching做结果状语)
③听见下面的脚步声，他站起身来走到楼梯口。(hearing做时间状语)
2.What is certain，though，is that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day.(P43，L4647)
译：但有一点可以肯定的是，“木乃伊的诅咒”至今仍是个谜。
上面句子可以改写成：
It is certain， though， that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day.
思考：a.例句中有几个名词性从句？分别是什么从句？
________________________________________________________________________
b.what引导名词性从句与that引导名词性从句有什么区别？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
a.两个名词性从句，what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。
b.what引导名词性从句时，在从句中既做连词又充当句子成分，常译作 “所……的(人或事物)”，“什么”；而that引导名词性从句时，只做连接词，没有意义，无需翻译，也不充当任何句子成分。
语法填空：
①I don't think ____________ you have done is effective and ________ you will make progress in English.
[答案与解析]
①what；that。what引导主语从句，在宾语从句中充当主语；that引导宾语从句。
(2)[though做副词]
though 在句中做副词，意为“尽管这样，不过，可是，然而”，可用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，可放在句中或句末。
例如：Our team lost.It was a good game，though.
我们队输了，可是这仍不失为一场精彩的比赛。
though也可做连词，“尽管，即使，虽然”，相当于although，引导让步状语从句。
例如：Although / Though she gave no sign，I was sure she had seen me.
尽管她没有作出任何表示，我还是肯定她看见我了。
思考：although与though和as有什么区别吗？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
although只可做连词，不能做副词，并且在下面这种句型中也不能替代though：
Hardworking though / as he was， there was never enough money to pay the bills.
Small boy though / as he is， he knows a lot.
以上两句中though都可被as代替，特别注意如果though / as前是单数名词，要用零冠词。
选词填空：
②Mary had promised to give me a ticket for tomorrow.She failed，____________(either / though / too).
[答案与解析]
②though。结合上下文意思我们可以知道本题表示转折关系。故填though。
3.Would you rather be famous，or be very helpful but unknown？(P45，Part F)
译：你是宁愿出名还是助人为乐却默默无闻呢？
[would rather 句型]
would rather 的用法小结：
(1)would rather意思是“宁愿；宁可；更，最好，还是……为好”，后接动词原形，常省略为'd rather，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是would rather not do sth.。would rather没有人称和数的变化，且无词性、时态变化。
Mr.Li would rather not listen to rock music.
李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
If you'd rather be alone， we'll all leave here.
如果你宁愿独自待着，那我们都离开这儿。
(2)would rather＋从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，从句中的谓语动词一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语动词则用过去完成时。例如：
John wants to see me today.I would rather he came here tomorrow than today.
约翰今天想来看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。
I would rather I had not seen that terrible scene that day.
我宁愿那天我没有看见那可怕的场景。
完成句子：
①I ________________ at home and do some reading this evening./ I ______________ I stayed at home and did some reading this evening.
今晚我宁愿待在家中读点书。
②I would rather that ______________________ who was hurt instead of my mother.
我宁愿当时受伤的是我，而不是我的母亲。
[答案]
①would rather stay； would rather(that)
②it had been I
思考：would rather 还有什么别的用法？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather...than...或would...rather than...的句型。
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus.
孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意：would rather...than... / would...rather than...也可以颠倒为：rather than...would...。would (rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，则than 后的动词可以省略。
I would rather have noodles than rice.
我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
He would rather drink red wine than beer.
他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
Rather than work in such bad condition， he would give up.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。
【运用提升】
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.By the time you receive the letter， I ____________(leave) the city.
2.Scientific research has showed clearly that____________parents say and do has a deep effect on their kids.
3.—What a pity！ I missed the last concert of the year.
—Oh， not at all， it was so terrible. In fact， I would rather I____________(be) there.
4.A beach house caught fire last night， ____________(kill) seven students living in it.
[答案与解析]
1.will have left。句意：当你收到这封信时，我已经离开了这个城市。由by the time引导的时间状语从句，从句中用现在时态，主句需用将来完成时态，故填will have left。
2.what。考查主语从句。本句中有两个从句，第一个是that引导的宾语从句，that引导的宾语从句中又包含一个主语从句。what 引导主语从句，并做say和do的宾语，表示“父母所说的和所做的”含义，故填what。
3.hadn't been。考查would rather的用法。would rather后的从句需使用虚拟语气。根据句意可知，说的是过去的事情，应用过去完成时，故填hadn't been。
4.killing。不定式和现在分词均可用作结果状语，不定式偏重于表示出乎意料的结果，特别是前面有only时。此句是现在分词短语做结果状语，表示正常的、意料之中的结果。故填killing。
对应学生用书p36
Ⅰ.语法填空[黑体部分为本单元的单词或短语]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Christopher Columbus set sail from Europe in the 16th century， he desired to make a name for himself by finding a new way 1.____________(sail) to India. Little 2.____________(do) Columbus know that he would end up sailing to The Americas， a new land which Europeans knew nothing about. His voyage resulted in the death of many native people in the Americas.The native people 3.____________(give) clothing covered with diseases， forced to become slaves， given hard punishment， and were murdered at the hands of Columbus and his companions. Within just 200 years of Columbus's arrival， almost all of the Native Americans were gone. 4.____________ Columbus is still remembered for discovering America， there is a connection with his voyage and the injustice faced by Native Americans.
In the early 1900s several people tried to make a name for themselves by exploring the 5.____________(hide) valleys of Egypt. The 6.____________(tomb) of ancient Egypt are famous for holding untold fortunes. Shortly after an explorer came across the 7.____________(value) contents of one of these tombs， people began coming to Egypt to take jewels for 8.____________(they).Mummies were taken from their resting places to be put in European museums. Those 9.____________ discovered the most famous mummies， like King Tut， became famous around the world.
It is common for us to look up to famous explorers with 10.____________(devote)， and their superior status in the pages of history is certain.
[答案]
1.to sail 2.did 3.were given 4.Though / Although
5.hidden 6.tombs 7.valuable 8.themselves 9.who 10.devotion
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Tom is a very curious student， who ______________________________ an explorer since he was a child.
汤姆是一个好奇心很重的学生，从小就梦想成为一名探险家。
2.One day， in a valley he came across __________________， in which he desired ______________________.
有一天，他在一个山谷中发现了一个罕见的坟墓入口，他渴望在里面找到一大笔财富。
3.His teacher knew his thought and gave __________________ against doing so， as it was very dangerous indeed.
他的老师知道了他的想法，警告他不要去做这么危险的事情。
4.But he still skipped classes to go into the tomb， only __________________ in it.
可他还是逃课去了坟墓，结果什么也没找到。
5.____________， he got a ______________ because he had broken the school rules.
更糟糕的是，他因为违反了学校规定，受到了严厉的惩罚。
6.However， all of these didn't ________________ at all， and he still took an optimistic attitude and devoted himself to finding the next place____________.
然而，这一切都没有使他泄气，他仍然抱乐观态度并投身于寻找下一个可以探险的地方。
[答案]
1.has been dreaming to be
2.a rare entrance to a tomb； to find a fortune
3.him a warning
4.to find nothing
5.What's worse； severe punishment
6.discourage him； to explore
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