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【精品复习学案】外研社英语八年级上册第17讲 非谓语（带答案）
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这是一份【精品复习学案】外研社英语八年级上册第17讲 非谓语（带答案），共20页。
第 份 第17章 非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化干扰，但是有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。 典型例句：1.To hear your voice is so nice.（听到你的声音真高兴。）（动词不定式） 典型例句：2.Reading books makes one wise.（读书使人明智。）（动词-ing形式） 典型例句：3.This is a book written by Balzac.（这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。）（过去分词） 1.动词不定式 动词不定式是一种动词的非谓语形式，可在句中充当多种成分，是初中英语学习中必须掌握的重要语法项目。 1.动词不定式的类型 动词不定式有两种表现形式，一种是“to+动词原形”，另一种是“疑问词+to+动词原形”，详见后面的举例。 2.动词不定式的句法功能 A.动词不定式作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy.（学习外语不是一件容易的事。） B.动词不定式作表语 Her job is to look after the children.（她的工作就是照顾孩子。） C.动词不定式作宾语 He wants to buy some stamps.（他想买一些邮票。） D.动词不定式作宾语补足语 The doctor told me to have a rest.（医生叫我休息一下。） E.动词不定式作定语 I want something to eat.（我想要一些吃的。） F.动词不定式作状语 Yesterday they came to visit us.（昨天他们来拜访我们。） 3.动词不定式的时态和语态 A.一般式：to do表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之后，或同时发生。 I want to visit my teacher.（我想去拜访我的老师。）（表示之后） I believe him to be a good student.（我相信他是个好学生。）（表示同时） B.完成式：to have done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.（非常抱歉让你等了那么长时间。） C.进行式：to be doing表示不定式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行。 He seems to be worrying about it.（他似乎正在担心它。） D.被动语态：to be done表示被动关系。 The sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.（这个病人需要被送到医院。） 4.动词不定式的重点与难点 （1）疑问词+to+动词原形 A.该句型常可与宾语从句互换。 I don’t know what to do. =I don’t know what I should do.（我不知道应该做什么。） B.疑问词在不定式中充当成分时，疑问代词作宾语，疑问副词作状语。 I don’t know what to do.（我不知道做什么。）（疑问代词what作宾语） I don’t know how to do it.（我不知道怎么做。）（疑问副词how作状语） （2）动词不定式作定语 A.动词不定式要放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。 He has an important meeting to attend.（定语）（他有一个重要的会议要参加。） B.动词不定式与所修饰的名词、代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此若不定式的动词是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就要加上相应的介词。 They want a big room to live in.（他们想要一个大房间住。） Pass me a knife to cut the bread with.（递给我一把刀切面包。） （3）动词不定式作状语 当动词不定式修饰表语形容词作状语时，它和主语构成动宾关系。同样，如果不定式中动词是不及物动词时要加相应的介词。 The house is very comfortable to live in.（这房子住起来非常舒服。） The pen is good to write with.（这支钢笔写起来很好用。） 5.使用动词不定式的注意事项 A.有些动词后的不定式省略to。 （1）祈使动词如make，let，have The boss made Tom’s father work all day.（老板让汤姆的爸爸整天工作。） （2）感官动词如hear，see，notice I saw him go into the classroom just now.（我看到他刚才进了教室。） （3）用于被动语态时，被省略的to需要还原。 He was made to do the job at once.（他被迫立刻做这个工作。） 补充：不定式省略to的口诀 有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其口诀是：一感二听三让四观看。 一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：let，have，make； 四观看：observe，see，watch，look at B.动词不定式的否定需在to前加not。 Mother often tells Tom not to play football in the street.（妈妈经常叫汤姆不要在街上踢足球。） C.作简略回答或为避免不必要的重复时，不定式常可省略to后面的动词，只保留to。动词make，let，see，hear...后面的词可全部省略。 A:Did you go to see the Great Wall?（你去长城了吗？） B:Yes,I went to.（是的，我去了。）（省略了see the Great Wall） A:Did Mary go there with you?（玛丽是和你一起去的那里吗？） B:No,her mother didn’t let her.（不，她妈妈没有让她去。） D.接不定式作宾语的动词有want，wish，hope，decide等。 E.接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有ask，tell，get，wish，want，like，teach等。 F.接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有let，make，have，see，watch，feel，listen to等。 G.接不定式作状语的形容词有happy，sorry，afraid，able，sure等。 重要：只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词：want想要；hope希望；wish想做（某事）；agree同意；decide决定；manage设法做成；refuse拒绝；pretend假装 H.带to的不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it代替，其作表语的形容词有important，easy，difficult，hard，good，bad，right等。 It is too hard for him to work out such a difficult problem. （对他来说做出这么难的题目太困难了。） I.既可接不定式，又可接动词-ing形式的动词有like，love，hate，start，begin，need和stop，remember，forget，go on，try等，前者意义没有多大的区别，后者区别较大。 J.带to的不定式和疑问词连用，相当于一个名词作宾语或宾补，这种句式可把不定式转换为复合句，这类动词有know，decide，tell，ask，find，hear，learn，think等。 K.带to的不定式作定语的动词有have，there be。 I have a few letters to write.（我有一些信要写。） L.不定式to在一些情态动词或助动词及一些表“意愿”的动词之后代替上文提到的动词。这类动词有have，be able，be going，hope，like，love，try等。 A:Would you like to go with me?（你愿意跟我一起去吗？） B:Yes,I’d like to.（是的，我愿意。） 6.动词不定式的几个重要句型 A.疑问词+动词不定式 My teacher didn’t tell me what to do next.（我的老师没有告诉我下一步要做什么。） B.too...to.../enough to... They are too shy to speak English.（他们太害羞了以至于不能说英语。） It’s too dark for him to see anything in the room.（对他来讲房间里面太暗了什么也看不见。） 补充：too...to与so...that的转换 The box is too heavy for him to lift.（这个盒子对他来讲太沉了，他抬不动。） =The box is so heavy that he can’t lift it.（这个盒子太沉了，他抬不动。） C.It is/was+形容词+of sb. to do sth.（形容词能修饰sb.和to do sth.） It is/was+形容词+for sb. to do sth.（形容词只能修饰to do sth.） It was very clever of him to do it like that.（他那样做很聪明。） （他很聪明，像那样做也是聪明之举） It was hard for him to say goodbye.（对他来讲，说声再见是很难的。） （是说再见很难，不能说他很难） 注意：of sb.句型可以转换成一个不定式作状语的句子，而for sb.句型则不可以。 It is very kind of you to help me.→You are very kind to help me.（你帮助我真是太好了。） 补充：形容词/副词+enough to do sth.与so...that...can do sth.的转换： He runs fast enough to get there first.（他跑得快可以第一个到那里。） →He runs so fast that he can get there first.（他跑得那样快以至于他能第一个到那里。） D.Why (not) do?为什么（不）……？ A:Let’s go out to eat tonight.（今晚我们出去吃吧。） B:Yes,why not?（好啊。） E.There be...to do有……要做 There are some clothes to wash.（有一些衣服要洗。） There is a room to clean.（有一间屋子要打扫。） F.be about to do sth.正要去做；将要去做 I was about to go to bed when the policeman knocked at the door. （当警察敲门的时候我刚要睡觉。） G.had better do sth.最好……/had better not do sth.最好不要…… You had better not eat too much.（你最好不要吃太多。） H.so as to...为了 so as to...一般不能放在句首，意思相当于in order to。 He got up early so as to meet his parents at the airport. （他很早就起床是为了到机场接他的父母。） 2.动词-ing形式 动词-ing形式是动词的另一种非限定形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种，由动词原形加-ing构成。动词-ing形式可以作主语、宾语、表语宾语补足语、定语、状语等，下面将一一介绍动词-ing形式的这些用法。 （1）动词-ing形式作主语的情况 动词-ing形式作主语，有时也可用it作形式主语，而把动词-ing形式放在后面。 Reading poetry brings people from different places and different times together. （朗诵诗歌可以使人跨越时空聚在一起。） It’s useless arguing with him.（和他争辩是没有用的。） （2）动词-ing形式作动词宾语 在下面这些词后常接动词-ing形式作宾语。 She looks forward to walking in the flower-lined garden every spring. （她期待每个春天在这百花争妍的花园里走一走。） I am considering selling my house to collect the money.（我正考虑卖掉房子筹款。） Good news keeps on coming.（好消息接踵而至。） The girl was told to practice playing the piano for three hours every day. （这个女孩被告诉每天要练习弹3个小时钢琴。） 补充：下列动词和词组只能用动词-ing形式作宾语。 （3）动词-ing形式放在系动词后作表语 His favourite sport is hiking.（他最喜欢的体育项目是徒步旅行。） My job is playing all kinds of musical instruments.（我的工作是演奏各种乐器。） （4）动词-ing形式在一些动词后作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式在listen to，see，hear，watch，notice，feel，find，leave，look at，have等动词后作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。 They left the fire burning all day long.（他们让火烧了一天。） Do you notice him writing something there?（你注意到他在那里写什么吗？） The policeman caught him stealing the bike.（警察抓住他正在偷自行车。） I hear him singing in the next room.（我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌。） （5）动词-ing形式作定语的两类情况 A.我们常说的动名词作定语，用来修饰无生命的名词，且只能前置；这类定语不能改为定语从句。 B.我们常说的现在分词作定语，多用来修饰有生命的名词（有时也可用来修饰无生命的名词） 。这类定语，如果动词-ing形式是单独修饰名词，常前置；如果动词-ing短语修饰名词，则常后置。不管是前置还是后置，它们都可以被改为定语从句。 The dancing girl (=The girl who is dancing) is my classmate.（那个跳舞的女孩是我的同班同学。） The new hospital being built (=which is being built) is just near our school. （正在建造的新医院就在我们学校附近。） （6）动词-ing形式作状语 这类结构常用来表示时间、原因、条件、结果。它相当于一个状语从句，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语；也可置于句尾，表示伴随、补充说明。 A.动词-ing形式作状语表示时间 Hearing the good news (=When they heard the good news),the students were wild with joy. （听到这个好消息，同学们高兴极了。） Having watered the vegetables (=After they had watered the vegetables),they went back home for breakfast.（他们浇过菜之后，就回家吃早饭了。） B.动词-ing形式作状语表示原因 Being so poor in those days (=As we were so poor in those days),we couldn’t afford to send the boy to the hospital.（由于那时太穷了，我们没有能力送孩子上医院。） Having already seen the film twice (=As we had already seen the film twice),we didn’t go to the cinema.（因为这部电影我们已经看过两次了，所以我们没有去电影院。） C.动词-ing形式作状语表示条件 Standing on the top of the tower (=If we stand on the top of the tower),we can see as far as the Yangtze River.（如果我们站在塔顶上就能看到长江。） D.动词-ing形式作状语表示自然而然的结果 Her husband died in 1942,leaving five children with her (=and left five children with her). （1942年她丈夫死了，给她丢下5个孩子。） E.动词-ing形式作状语表示伴随或补充说明 Every evening they sat on the sofa watching TV (=and watched TV). （他们每天晚上坐在沙发上看电视。） 3.过去分词 过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ed”，但也有不规则的形式。动词的不规则过去分词需要逐一记忆。过去分词可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等，下面将一一介绍过去分词的这些用法。 （1）过去分词作前置定语 单个的过去分词或带副词的单个过去分词作定语时，放在所修饰词的前面，为前置定语，具有形容词的特点。如：a broken window一扇打碎了的窗户；a recently-built house一栋最近建造的房子；a newly-married couple一对新婚夫妇 （2）过去分词作后置定语 有时为了强调，过去分词作定语时要置于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语，此时过去分词既有形容词的特征，也有动词的特征。 He is a man loved and respected by all.（他是一个受到大家爱戴和尊敬的人。） （3）过去分词作定语与定语从句的关系 及物动词的过去分词可以改为动词为被动形式的定语从句；部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。 a returned（不及物动词）scholar (=a scholar who has returned)一个归国学者 The first textbooks written for teaching English (=which were written for teaching English) as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. （首批把英语作为外语教学的教科书在18世纪出版。） The computer center opened last year (=which was opened last year) is very popular among the students in this school.（去年开办的计算机中心很受这个学校学生的欢迎。） （4）过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态 He was terrified at seeing this scene.（看到这个场景他很害怕。） The door remained unlocked.（门仍然没锁。） （5）过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 A.过去分词作表语表示主语的特点或所处的状态，被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。 The cup is broken.（杯子是破的。）（过去分词表状态） The cup was broken by my brother.（这个杯子是我弟弟打破的。）（被动语态表动作） B.过去分词作表语除用于系动词后面外，还可用于get，become，grow，turn等词后面，而被动语态没有此种用法。例如： （⚪）We became/got excited. （⚪）We were excited by the news.（听到这个消息我们很兴奋。） （×）We became/got excited by the news. （6）过去分词作宾语补足语的基本用法 过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，表示被动意义和完成意义。 A.使役动词keep，leave，get，make的宾语后面经常带过去分词作表语补足语，表示“使……处于某种状态”，分词和宾语之间是被动关系，而“have/get+宾语+过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种情况”。 He raised his voice in order to make himself heard by the audience. （他提高了声音，为了能让观众听到。） I must have my hair cut tomorrow.（明天我得理发了。） Jane had her purse stolen on the bus yesterday.（昨天在公共汽车上，简的钱包被偷了。） Mary got the car washed.（玛丽请人给她洗了车。） We mustn’t leave the work unfinished.（我们不能让工作半途而废。） B.表示感觉的动词所带的宾语后面都可以接过去分词作表语补足语。及物动词作宾语补足语通常表示被动和完成，不及物动词一般只表示完成。 I saw a girl knocked down by a truck.（我看见一个女孩被一辆卡车撞倒了。） I once heard the song sung in German.（我曾经听过这首歌被用德语唱过。） C.动词want，wish，like，expect及介词with后面可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 We wished the problem settled at once!（我们希望问题马上得到解决！） He was thinking for a while with his eyes closed.（他闭着眼睛思考了片刻。） （7）过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件及伴随情况等 A.过去分词的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致，并且必须是被动关系，通常可以转换成相应的状语从句（过去分词表示伴随情况时可以将其转换成并列句）。 Asked (=When he was asked) how he broke into the room,he made no answer.（表示时间） （当有人质问他是怎么闯进屋里来的时候，他一声不吭。） Deeply moved (=As we were deeply moved) by the film,we all cried.（表示原因） （由于被电影深深打动了，我们都哭了。） Given (=If we had been given) more help,we could have done the work better.（表示条件） （如果给我们的帮助多一些，我们原本能做得更好的。） The teacher sat there,(=and was) surrounded by his students.（表示伴随情况） （那位老师坐在那儿，他的学生围在周围。） B.“连词+分词”作状语是状语从句的一种省略形式。当状语从句中过去分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语一致，并且有动词be时，常将逻辑主语和动词be省略。 When complete (=When the museum is completed),the museum will be open to the public next year.（博物馆竣工后，其将于第二年向公众开放。） The research is so designed that once begun (=once the research is begun) nothing can be done to change it.（此项研究被设计成，一旦开展，将无可改变。） Common Mistakes（注意！失分陷阱！） 陷阱例题① I heard mother __________ with father in the next room at ten last night. 句意提示：昨天晚上10点我听见母亲和父亲在隔壁房间谈话。 陷阱追击：本题考查非谓语动词中动词不定式与动词-ing形式的用法区别，容易误选。 正确解析：感官动词后可以接不带to的动词不定式或动词-ing作宾语补足语；前者指动作的全过程，后者强调动作正在进行。本题关键为ten这一时间点。正确答案为B。 陷阱例题② A:The light in the office is still on. B:Oh,I forgot __________. 句意提示：A：办公室的灯还亮着。B：哦，我忘记关灯了。 陷阱追击：本题考查forget后接动词-ing形式和接动词不定式的区别，容易误选。 正确解析：有些动词（短语）既能接动词-ing形式，又能接不定式作宾语，但意义不一样，这类词有remember，forget等。当它们后接不定式时表动作尚未发生，接动词-ing形式时表示动作已经完成。根据题意，正确答案为C。 陷阱例题③ __________ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 句意提示：穿着白色制服，他看起来更像是一名厨师而不是医生。 陷阱追击：如没有掌握好本题所考查的过去分词短语作状语的用法，则容易误选。 正确解析：固定短语sb. be dressed in（+衣服/颜色）意为“某人穿着（某种（颜色）衣服）”，dress作及物动词时后接入。B项表示目的，不符合语境。正确答案为A。 陷阱例题④ We finished the run in less than half the time __________. 句意提示：我们用不到规定时间的一半就跑完了全程。 陷阱追击：本题考查动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词作后置定语的区别，容易误选。 正确解析：allow与time之间是动宾关系，故用allowed作定语修饰time，相当于that had been allowed的省略。正确答案为C。 Final Check（实力测验） 1.选择填空 1.Paul doesn’t have to be made __________.He always works hard. 2.We agreed __________ here but so far she hasn’t come yet. 3.Charles Babbage is generally considered __________ the first computer. 4.Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening. 5.A:I usually go there by train. B:Why not __________ by boat for a change? 6.She reached the top of the hill and stopped __________ on a big rock by the side of the path. 7.Alice pretended __________ me when I passed by. 8.We didn’t want the problem __________ again. 9.Have you had the nurse __________ your son’s temperature? 10.He felt a stone __________ his back. 11.He loves parties.He is always the first __________ and the last __________. 12.__________,one needs much practice. 13.__________ now seems impossible. 14.It is necessary __________ wildlife. 15.He said he had an important meeting __________. 16.It’s raining hard.I cannot help but __________ at home. 17.It’s easier to pull down than __________. 18.I would love __________ to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 19.She can’t help __________ the house because she’s busy making a cake. 20.When I handed the report to John,he said that George was the right person __________. 21.They knew her very well.They had seen her __________ up from childhood. 22.The chair looks hard,but in fact,it is very comfortable to __________. 23.Mother __________ us stories when we were young. 24.Alice has been working for an hour and now she stops __________ on the sofa. 25.There was nothing for us to do but __________ the injured man to the hospital. 26.__________ a teacher in a university,it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree. 27.I usually forget __________ the door,but I remembered __________ it when I left yesterday. 28.Everybody is busy __________ ready for Christmas and buying Christmas presents. 29.Mr.Brown asked us to stop __________,and we stopped __________ to him at once. 30.We kept __________ the ball to each other,and they began to get angry. 31.Wu Dong is good at __________ English aloud. 32.I try __________ the door,but she doesn’t agree. 33.You should keep on __________ English every day. 34.The found many people __________ under the big tree. 35.Mr.Li took his tape recorder to the shop to __________. 36.The young man entered the house and left me __________ outside. 37.The girl looked at me with a __________ expression.Maybe the problem was quite __________. 38.Our head teacher caught Li Hua __________ in the corner. 39.When I returned to my village twenty years later,I found it completely __________. 40.__________ from the top of the hill,the small town looks very beautiful. KEYS: 1. 解说： 1.make用在主动语态中，其后作宾语补足语的不定式前不带to，但在被动语态中，to不能省略。 2.不定式的一般式指将来，不定式的完成式指过去。agree后不能接动词-ing形式作宾语。 3.不定式的完成式指过去。consider作“认为”讲时，不能接动词-ing形式。 4.should/would like/love后接动词不定式，Jim与take是逻辑上的动宾关系，故不定式用被动语态。 5.try后接不定式表示“尽力，企图（做某事）”，接动名词则表示“试着（做）”。Why not后接名词、代词或动词原形。 6.stop+doing意为“停止手中正在做的事”；stop+to do意为“停止手中的事去做另一件事”。 7.pretend后多接动词不定式，不定式的否定式是在to前加not。 8.动词不定式与前面的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用被动语态。 9.本题是使役动词have+宾语+宾语补足语的结构。have sb. do中的sb.与后面的动词是逻辑上的主谓关系，have在此相当于ask或get，但用ask或get则应说ask/get sb. to do。 10.感官动词+宾语+do表示一次性动作（或动作的全过程）；感官动词+宾语+doing表示动作的反复（或动作的进行）。 11.本句是动词不定式作后置定语。注意这一常用句型。 12.本句是动词不定式作目的状语。动词-ing形式作目的状语时不放在句首。动词不定式作宾语表示一次性行为，动词-ing形式作宾语表示一般性行为。 13.动词不定式作主语指一次性行为，此题中的now是关键。 14.It is+形容词+for/of to do句型中，for与of的选择这样确定：如果能将以上句型改为sb.+be+形容词+to时，则用介词of，反之则用for。 15.本题是动词不定式作后置定语。have，want等动词后面的宾语是名词，而have，want等动词的主语同时又是后置定语的逻辑主语，一般用动词不定式的主动语态，而不用被动语态。 16.cannot help but后的动词不定式不带to，意为“不得不”。注意：cannot help (to) do意为“不能帮忙做……”；cannot help doing意为“禁不住做……”。 17.当两个不定式结构由or，and，than等连接时，第二个不定式前时常不带to，但在表示鲜明的对照或谚语中，一般要带to。 34.seat作及物动词时后多接反身代词作宾语。在此为过去分词作宾语补足语表状态。 35.have sth. done是叫别人做某事，过去分词的动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是别人去做。 36.stand为不及物动词，因此用-ing形式作宾语补足语。 37.表示某人的情感怎样，一般用过去分词，表示某人或某事本身怎样，用动词-ing形式。类似的表达还有excited，exciting；worried，worrying；frightened，frightening；moved，moving等。 38.catch后接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。 39.过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作的完成或被动，此处指状态。 40.过去分词短语作条件状语，town与see是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以不用动词-ing形式。 【课后作业】 1. Lily refused ______ her daughter to the after-school training center for extra classes.（2019 松江二模） A. to send B. sending C. sent D. send 2. There was a lot of traffic, but Dan and his friends managed ________ at the airport in time.（2019 普陀二模） A. arrive B. arrived C. to arrive D. arriving 3. My grandma’s memory is getting worse. She keeps________ things and people’s names.（2019 普陀二模） A. forget B. forgot C. to forget D. forgetting 4、The headmaster had the students their own decision about the name and different sections of the school newspaper. (2019 宝山二模） A、to make B、make C、making D、made 5、The litter boy kept questions about the spaceship while we were in the Space Museum.(2019 宝山二模） A、ask B、asked C、to ask D、asking 6.It was raining. My father asked me _____ a raincoat.(2019 奉贤二模） A.to take B. take C. taking D. took 7.___ a sport may help children relax. A) Play B) Playing C) Played D) Plays 8. My parents told me_____ alone because I am too young and it's not safe.(2019 奉贤二模） A) not traveling B) not to travel C) not travel D) no traveling 9、While you live in my house, I expect you _____ the rules..(2019闵行二模） A、to follow B、follow C、following D、followed 10、 It's wise of young people to avoid _____ the same mistakes again and again. .(2019闵行二模） A、make B、to make C、making D、to making 11. According to the government, air quality in Olympic zone keeps _______. (2019徐汇二模） A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved 12. Windows in the dining hall allow guests _______ the whole cooking process. (2019徐汇二模） A. see B. seeing C. to see D. Seen 13.Joe has decided the coming summer holiday wity his family in Xinjiang.(2019金山二模） spend spent to spend spending 14.It’s rather difficult for a heavy smoker to give up in a short time.(2019金山二模） smoke smoking smokes smoked 15.The headmaster had the students ________ their own decision about the name and different sections of the school newspaper.(2019嘉定二模） to make make making made 16.The little boy kept ________ questions about the spaceship while we were in the Space Museum.(2019嘉定二模） ask asked to ask asking 17、 Charlie enjoys his mother with the housework in his free time..(2019崇明二模） A、help B、to help C、helping D、 helps 18、Tina has decided in a village school after graduation to help the children there..(2019崇明二模） A、teach B、to teach C、teaching D、teaches 19. My mum always avoids ___ home from work at 5 p.m. as there’s so much traffic then.(2019杨浦二模） A. travel B. travelling C. to travel D. to travelling 20. Our decision ___ for some drink made us late for the train.(2019杨浦二模） A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. to stopping 【答案】ACDBD ABBAC CCCBB DCBBB 基础题 Choose the best answer. 1. The farmers stop ______in the field and have a rest when the sun sets every day. to work B. worked C. working D. work 2. I'd rather ___________half an hour to work than drive a car. Driving less can reduce air pollution. A.ride B.riding C.to ride D.to riding 3. Lucy is so shy that she dare not invite her classmates to practice_____________ with her for the New Year Party. A.dancing B.dance C.to dance D.to dancing 4. If you want to be on time for an important meeting in a crowded city like Shanghai, you’d better ________ home early. A. to leave B. leave C. leaving D. left 5. Mr. White will take charge of _______ invitation cards for the celebration party next month. A. prepare B. prepared C.preparing D. to prepare 6. You’d better______ long hours in the office. Go out and have a rest for a while. A.not work B.not to work C,don’t work D.not to working 7. Mother told Jimmy ______ with her friends online and said it was a waste of time. A.to stop to chat B.stooping to chat C.stop to chat D.to stop chatting 8.The most important thing for a good detective to do is ______the innocent. A.to protect B.protects C.protected D.protect 9.You’d better_____ the homework today, as tomorrow we will not have time. A.finishing B.finishes C.to finish D.finish 10. In my opinion, Hollywood is really a wonderful place _____. A.visit B.to visit C.visiting D.visited 11. You can ask your teacher for help if you can’t finish ______ the report by yourself. A.write B.writing C.to write D.wrote 12. Lily thinks she is too fat and refuses________ as usual, which makes his parents worried. A.to eat B.eat C.eating D.eats 13. When the detective interviewed the man, he denied _______ the expensive earrings. A.to steal B.stealing C.steals D.steal 14. Mr. White always expected his son _______________ an active part in the classes. A. taking B. take C. takes D. to take 15. The suspect admitted _______________ the chemical in the lab before he killed his roommate. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. steal Keys:CAABC ADADB BABDB 提升题 Choose the best answer. 1.My little cousin enjoys picture books before he goes to bed. A.to read B.read C.reads D.reading 2. The policeman caught the drunk driver, but he didn’t remember ________ the old lady. A.knock down B.to knock down C.knocked down D.knocking down 3. Most children expect Father Christmas ________ them the gift as they wish. A.give B.to give C.gave D.giving 4.The organization is considering _________some money to victims of the natural disaster. A.donate B.donating C.to donate D.to donating 5.The modern fashion in education is to let the child ________everything! A.decide B.decides C.to decide D.deciding 6. My mother didn’t expect _______ such a lovely present from me! A.receive B.received C.to receive D.receiving 7. The little boy denied _____ the window with a stone. A.break B.broke C.to break D.breaking 8. The system has the ability ________ more than one program at the same time. A. running B. runs C. to run D. ran 9. The bank clerk' admitted _______ everything about the plan of the robbery at last. A. know B. knowing C. to know D. knew 10. It is said that nowadays young people would rather_____their friends for advice. A. asked B. ask C. to ask D. asking 11. If I can’t finish _____________my homework now, I’ll go on with it after supper. A.Do B.doing C.did D. to do 12. The teacher told the student __________attention to his spelling and grammar. A. Pay B. will pay C. to pay D. paying 13. Even in the police station, the thief still denied ______ the girl’s wallet from her pocket. A.steal B.stole C.stealing D.to steal 14. To live a green life, we try ________ more energy and produce less pollution. A. to save B. save C. saves D. saved 15. Mr. White spent about one hour and a half __________ the accident report yesterday evening. A. write B. written C. writing D. to write DDBBA CDCBB BCCAC 初中语法讲义 非谓语 年 月 日 mind介意finish完成consider考虑miss错过enjoy喜欢practice训练keep坚持appreciate欣赏enjoy喜欢consider考虑escape逃脱give up放弃risk冒险deny否认object to反对imagine想像delay耽误put off推迟advise建议allow允许admit承认permit允许finish完成suggest建议practise练习avoid避免mind介意keep (on)继续miss错过a teaching building教学楼a walking stick拐杖a swimming pool游泳池a sleeping bag睡袋a smiling face笑脸a reading room阅览室A.talkB.talkingC.to talkD.is talkingA.turning it offB.turn it offC.to turn it offD.having turned it offA.DressedB.To dressC.DressingD.Having dressedA.allowingB.to allowC.allowedD.allowsA.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learningA.having metB.meetingC.to meetD.to have metA.to have inventedB.inventingC.to inventD.having inventedA.to be takenB.to takeC.being takenD.takingA.to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.try goingA.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.restA.to not seeB.no seeingC.not to seeD.having not seenA.to askB.to be askedC.being askedD.be askedA.to takeB.takingC.takeD.takenA.hittingB.to hitC.hittedD.hitA.coming;leavingB.to come;to leaveC.comes;leavesD.come;leaveA.To learn swimming wellB.To learn to swim wellC.Swimming to be learned wellD.Learning swimming wellA.Saving moneyB.To save moneyC.Being saved moneyD.To be saved moneyA.of us to protectB.for us to protectC.of us protectingD.for us protectingA.to attendB.to be attendedC.attendingD.attendA.stayedB.stayingC.to stayD.stayA.to build upB.build upC.building upD.built upA.to goB.to have goneC.goingD.having goneA.to cleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.being cleanedA.to sendB.to sending itC.to send it toD.for sending it toA.growB.grewC.was growingD.to growA.sitB.sit onC.be satD.be sat onA.was used to tellB.was used to tellingC.used to tellD.used to tellingA.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.restA.takingB.to takeC.tookD.takeA.To becomeB.BecomeC.One becomesD.On becomingA.to close;closingB.to close;to closeC.closing;closingD.closing;to closeA.getB.gettingC.to gotD.gotA.talking;to listenB.to talk;to listenC.talking;listeningD.to talk;listeningA.to passB.passingC.passD.passedA.readB.readsC.readingD.to readA.to closeB.closedC.closingD.pickedA.to practice to speakB.to practice speakingC.practicing to speakD.practicing speakingA.seatB.seatingC.to seatD.seatedA.have someone to repairB.have it repairedC.have it to be repairedD.have it repairingA.standB.to standC.standingD.to be standingA.surprised;surprisingB.surprising;surprisedC.surprised;surprisedD.surprising;surprisingA.smokeB.to smokeC.smokingD.being smokingA.changeB.changingC.changedD.to be changedA.SeeB.SawC.SeenD.Seeing1.B2.C3.A4.A5.D6.C7.C8.B9.C10.D11.B12.A13.B14.B15.A16.D17.A18.B19.A20.C21.A22.B23.C24.C25.D26.A27.A28.B29.A30.B31.C32.C33.D34.D35.B36.C37.A38.C39.C40.C
第 份 第17章 非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化干扰，但是有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。 典型例句：1.To hear your voice is so nice.（听到你的声音真高兴。）（动词不定式） 典型例句：2.Reading books makes one wise.（读书使人明智。）（动词-ing形式） 典型例句：3.This is a book written by Balzac.（这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。）（过去分词） 1.动词不定式 动词不定式是一种动词的非谓语形式，可在句中充当多种成分，是初中英语学习中必须掌握的重要语法项目。 1.动词不定式的类型 动词不定式有两种表现形式，一种是“to+动词原形”，另一种是“疑问词+to+动词原形”，详见后面的举例。 2.动词不定式的句法功能 A.动词不定式作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy.（学习外语不是一件容易的事。） B.动词不定式作表语 Her job is to look after the children.（她的工作就是照顾孩子。） C.动词不定式作宾语 He wants to buy some stamps.（他想买一些邮票。） D.动词不定式作宾语补足语 The doctor told me to have a rest.（医生叫我休息一下。） E.动词不定式作定语 I want something to eat.（我想要一些吃的。） F.动词不定式作状语 Yesterday they came to visit us.（昨天他们来拜访我们。） 3.动词不定式的时态和语态 A.一般式：to do表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之后，或同时发生。 I want to visit my teacher.（我想去拜访我的老师。）（表示之后） I believe him to be a good student.（我相信他是个好学生。）（表示同时） B.完成式：to have done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.（非常抱歉让你等了那么长时间。） C.进行式：to be doing表示不定式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行。 He seems to be worrying about it.（他似乎正在担心它。） D.被动语态：to be done表示被动关系。 The sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.（这个病人需要被送到医院。） 4.动词不定式的重点与难点 （1）疑问词+to+动词原形 A.该句型常可与宾语从句互换。 I don’t know what to do. =I don’t know what I should do.（我不知道应该做什么。） B.疑问词在不定式中充当成分时，疑问代词作宾语，疑问副词作状语。 I don’t know what to do.（我不知道做什么。）（疑问代词what作宾语） I don’t know how to do it.（我不知道怎么做。）（疑问副词how作状语） （2）动词不定式作定语 A.动词不定式要放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。 He has an important meeting to attend.（定语）（他有一个重要的会议要参加。） B.动词不定式与所修饰的名词、代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此若不定式的动词是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就要加上相应的介词。 They want a big room to live in.（他们想要一个大房间住。） Pass me a knife to cut the bread with.（递给我一把刀切面包。） （3）动词不定式作状语 当动词不定式修饰表语形容词作状语时，它和主语构成动宾关系。同样，如果不定式中动词是不及物动词时要加相应的介词。 The house is very comfortable to live in.（这房子住起来非常舒服。） The pen is good to write with.（这支钢笔写起来很好用。） 5.使用动词不定式的注意事项 A.有些动词后的不定式省略to。 （1）祈使动词如make，let，have The boss made Tom’s father work all day.（老板让汤姆的爸爸整天工作。） （2）感官动词如hear，see，notice I saw him go into the classroom just now.（我看到他刚才进了教室。） （3）用于被动语态时，被省略的to需要还原。 He was made to do the job at once.（他被迫立刻做这个工作。） 补充：不定式省略to的口诀 有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其口诀是：一感二听三让四观看。 一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：let，have，make； 四观看：observe，see，watch，look at B.动词不定式的否定需在to前加not。 Mother often tells Tom not to play football in the street.（妈妈经常叫汤姆不要在街上踢足球。） C.作简略回答或为避免不必要的重复时，不定式常可省略to后面的动词，只保留to。动词make，let，see，hear...后面的词可全部省略。 A:Did you go to see the Great Wall?（你去长城了吗？） B:Yes,I went to.（是的，我去了。）（省略了see the Great Wall） A:Did Mary go there with you?（玛丽是和你一起去的那里吗？） B:No,her mother didn’t let her.（不，她妈妈没有让她去。） D.接不定式作宾语的动词有want，wish，hope，decide等。 E.接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有ask，tell，get，wish，want，like，teach等。 F.接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有let，make，have，see，watch，feel，listen to等。 G.接不定式作状语的形容词有happy，sorry，afraid，able，sure等。 重要：只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词：want想要；hope希望；wish想做（某事）；agree同意；decide决定；manage设法做成；refuse拒绝；pretend假装 H.带to的不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it代替，其作表语的形容词有important，easy，difficult，hard，good，bad，right等。 It is too hard for him to work out such a difficult problem. （对他来说做出这么难的题目太困难了。） I.既可接不定式，又可接动词-ing形式的动词有like，love，hate，start，begin，need和stop，remember，forget，go on，try等，前者意义没有多大的区别，后者区别较大。 J.带to的不定式和疑问词连用，相当于一个名词作宾语或宾补，这种句式可把不定式转换为复合句，这类动词有know，decide，tell，ask，find，hear，learn，think等。 K.带to的不定式作定语的动词有have，there be。 I have a few letters to write.（我有一些信要写。） L.不定式to在一些情态动词或助动词及一些表“意愿”的动词之后代替上文提到的动词。这类动词有have，be able，be going，hope，like，love，try等。 A:Would you like to go with me?（你愿意跟我一起去吗？） B:Yes,I’d like to.（是的，我愿意。） 6.动词不定式的几个重要句型 A.疑问词+动词不定式 My teacher didn’t tell me what to do next.（我的老师没有告诉我下一步要做什么。） B.too...to.../enough to... They are too shy to speak English.（他们太害羞了以至于不能说英语。） It’s too dark for him to see anything in the room.（对他来讲房间里面太暗了什么也看不见。） 补充：too...to与so...that的转换 The box is too heavy for him to lift.（这个盒子对他来讲太沉了，他抬不动。） =The box is so heavy that he can’t lift it.（这个盒子太沉了，他抬不动。） C.It is/was+形容词+of sb. to do sth.（形容词能修饰sb.和to do sth.） It is/was+形容词+for sb. to do sth.（形容词只能修饰to do sth.） It was very clever of him to do it like that.（他那样做很聪明。） （他很聪明，像那样做也是聪明之举） It was hard for him to say goodbye.（对他来讲，说声再见是很难的。） （是说再见很难，不能说他很难） 注意：of sb.句型可以转换成一个不定式作状语的句子，而for sb.句型则不可以。 It is very kind of you to help me.→You are very kind to help me.（你帮助我真是太好了。） 补充：形容词/副词+enough to do sth.与so...that...can do sth.的转换： He runs fast enough to get there first.（他跑得快可以第一个到那里。） →He runs so fast that he can get there first.（他跑得那样快以至于他能第一个到那里。） D.Why (not) do?为什么（不）……？ A:Let’s go out to eat tonight.（今晚我们出去吃吧。） B:Yes,why not?（好啊。） E.There be...to do有……要做 There are some clothes to wash.（有一些衣服要洗。） There is a room to clean.（有一间屋子要打扫。） F.be about to do sth.正要去做；将要去做 I was about to go to bed when the policeman knocked at the door. （当警察敲门的时候我刚要睡觉。） G.had better do sth.最好……/had better not do sth.最好不要…… You had better not eat too much.（你最好不要吃太多。） H.so as to...为了 so as to...一般不能放在句首，意思相当于in order to。 He got up early so as to meet his parents at the airport. （他很早就起床是为了到机场接他的父母。） 2.动词-ing形式 动词-ing形式是动词的另一种非限定形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种，由动词原形加-ing构成。动词-ing形式可以作主语、宾语、表语宾语补足语、定语、状语等，下面将一一介绍动词-ing形式的这些用法。 （1）动词-ing形式作主语的情况 动词-ing形式作主语，有时也可用it作形式主语，而把动词-ing形式放在后面。 Reading poetry brings people from different places and different times together. （朗诵诗歌可以使人跨越时空聚在一起。） It’s useless arguing with him.（和他争辩是没有用的。） （2）动词-ing形式作动词宾语 在下面这些词后常接动词-ing形式作宾语。 She looks forward to walking in the flower-lined garden every spring. （她期待每个春天在这百花争妍的花园里走一走。） I am considering selling my house to collect the money.（我正考虑卖掉房子筹款。） Good news keeps on coming.（好消息接踵而至。） The girl was told to practice playing the piano for three hours every day. （这个女孩被告诉每天要练习弹3个小时钢琴。） 补充：下列动词和词组只能用动词-ing形式作宾语。 （3）动词-ing形式放在系动词后作表语 His favourite sport is hiking.（他最喜欢的体育项目是徒步旅行。） My job is playing all kinds of musical instruments.（我的工作是演奏各种乐器。） （4）动词-ing形式在一些动词后作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式在listen to，see，hear，watch，notice，feel，find，leave，look at，have等动词后作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。 They left the fire burning all day long.（他们让火烧了一天。） Do you notice him writing something there?（你注意到他在那里写什么吗？） The policeman caught him stealing the bike.（警察抓住他正在偷自行车。） I hear him singing in the next room.（我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌。） （5）动词-ing形式作定语的两类情况 A.我们常说的动名词作定语，用来修饰无生命的名词，且只能前置；这类定语不能改为定语从句。 B.我们常说的现在分词作定语，多用来修饰有生命的名词（有时也可用来修饰无生命的名词） 。这类定语，如果动词-ing形式是单独修饰名词，常前置；如果动词-ing短语修饰名词，则常后置。不管是前置还是后置，它们都可以被改为定语从句。 The dancing girl (=The girl who is dancing) is my classmate.（那个跳舞的女孩是我的同班同学。） The new hospital being built (=which is being built) is just near our school. （正在建造的新医院就在我们学校附近。） （6）动词-ing形式作状语 这类结构常用来表示时间、原因、条件、结果。它相当于一个状语从句，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语；也可置于句尾，表示伴随、补充说明。 A.动词-ing形式作状语表示时间 Hearing the good news (=When they heard the good news),the students were wild with joy. （听到这个好消息，同学们高兴极了。） Having watered the vegetables (=After they had watered the vegetables),they went back home for breakfast.（他们浇过菜之后，就回家吃早饭了。） B.动词-ing形式作状语表示原因 Being so poor in those days (=As we were so poor in those days),we couldn’t afford to send the boy to the hospital.（由于那时太穷了，我们没有能力送孩子上医院。） Having already seen the film twice (=As we had already seen the film twice),we didn’t go to the cinema.（因为这部电影我们已经看过两次了，所以我们没有去电影院。） C.动词-ing形式作状语表示条件 Standing on the top of the tower (=If we stand on the top of the tower),we can see as far as the Yangtze River.（如果我们站在塔顶上就能看到长江。） D.动词-ing形式作状语表示自然而然的结果 Her husband died in 1942,leaving five children with her (=and left five children with her). （1942年她丈夫死了，给她丢下5个孩子。） E.动词-ing形式作状语表示伴随或补充说明 Every evening they sat on the sofa watching TV (=and watched TV). （他们每天晚上坐在沙发上看电视。） 3.过去分词 过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ed”，但也有不规则的形式。动词的不规则过去分词需要逐一记忆。过去分词可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等，下面将一一介绍过去分词的这些用法。 （1）过去分词作前置定语 单个的过去分词或带副词的单个过去分词作定语时，放在所修饰词的前面，为前置定语，具有形容词的特点。如：a broken window一扇打碎了的窗户；a recently-built house一栋最近建造的房子；a newly-married couple一对新婚夫妇 （2）过去分词作后置定语 有时为了强调，过去分词作定语时要置于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语，此时过去分词既有形容词的特征，也有动词的特征。 He is a man loved and respected by all.（他是一个受到大家爱戴和尊敬的人。） （3）过去分词作定语与定语从句的关系 及物动词的过去分词可以改为动词为被动形式的定语从句；部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。 a returned（不及物动词）scholar (=a scholar who has returned)一个归国学者 The first textbooks written for teaching English (=which were written for teaching English) as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. （首批把英语作为外语教学的教科书在18世纪出版。） The computer center opened last year (=which was opened last year) is very popular among the students in this school.（去年开办的计算机中心很受这个学校学生的欢迎。） （4）过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态 He was terrified at seeing this scene.（看到这个场景他很害怕。） The door remained unlocked.（门仍然没锁。） （5）过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 A.过去分词作表语表示主语的特点或所处的状态，被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。 The cup is broken.（杯子是破的。）（过去分词表状态） The cup was broken by my brother.（这个杯子是我弟弟打破的。）（被动语态表动作） B.过去分词作表语除用于系动词后面外，还可用于get，become，grow，turn等词后面，而被动语态没有此种用法。例如： （⚪）We became/got excited. （⚪）We were excited by the news.（听到这个消息我们很兴奋。） （×）We became/got excited by the news. （6）过去分词作宾语补足语的基本用法 过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，表示被动意义和完成意义。 A.使役动词keep，leave，get，make的宾语后面经常带过去分词作表语补足语，表示“使……处于某种状态”，分词和宾语之间是被动关系，而“have/get+宾语+过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种情况”。 He raised his voice in order to make himself heard by the audience. （他提高了声音，为了能让观众听到。） I must have my hair cut tomorrow.（明天我得理发了。） Jane had her purse stolen on the bus yesterday.（昨天在公共汽车上，简的钱包被偷了。） Mary got the car washed.（玛丽请人给她洗了车。） We mustn’t leave the work unfinished.（我们不能让工作半途而废。） B.表示感觉的动词所带的宾语后面都可以接过去分词作表语补足语。及物动词作宾语补足语通常表示被动和完成，不及物动词一般只表示完成。 I saw a girl knocked down by a truck.（我看见一个女孩被一辆卡车撞倒了。） I once heard the song sung in German.（我曾经听过这首歌被用德语唱过。） C.动词want，wish，like，expect及介词with后面可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 We wished the problem settled at once!（我们希望问题马上得到解决！） He was thinking for a while with his eyes closed.（他闭着眼睛思考了片刻。） （7）过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件及伴随情况等 A.过去分词的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致，并且必须是被动关系，通常可以转换成相应的状语从句（过去分词表示伴随情况时可以将其转换成并列句）。 Asked (=When he was asked) how he broke into the room,he made no answer.（表示时间） （当有人质问他是怎么闯进屋里来的时候，他一声不吭。） Deeply moved (=As we were deeply moved) by the film,we all cried.（表示原因） （由于被电影深深打动了，我们都哭了。） Given (=If we had been given) more help,we could have done the work better.（表示条件） （如果给我们的帮助多一些，我们原本能做得更好的。） The teacher sat there,(=and was) surrounded by his students.（表示伴随情况） （那位老师坐在那儿，他的学生围在周围。） B.“连词+分词”作状语是状语从句的一种省略形式。当状语从句中过去分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语一致，并且有动词be时，常将逻辑主语和动词be省略。 When complete (=When the museum is completed),the museum will be open to the public next year.（博物馆竣工后，其将于第二年向公众开放。） The research is so designed that once begun (=once the research is begun) nothing can be done to change it.（此项研究被设计成，一旦开展，将无可改变。） Common Mistakes（注意！失分陷阱！） 陷阱例题① I heard mother __________ with father in the next room at ten last night. 句意提示：昨天晚上10点我听见母亲和父亲在隔壁房间谈话。 陷阱追击：本题考查非谓语动词中动词不定式与动词-ing形式的用法区别，容易误选。 正确解析：感官动词后可以接不带to的动词不定式或动词-ing作宾语补足语；前者指动作的全过程，后者强调动作正在进行。本题关键为ten这一时间点。正确答案为B。 陷阱例题② A:The light in the office is still on. B:Oh,I forgot __________. 句意提示：A：办公室的灯还亮着。B：哦，我忘记关灯了。 陷阱追击：本题考查forget后接动词-ing形式和接动词不定式的区别，容易误选。 正确解析：有些动词（短语）既能接动词-ing形式，又能接不定式作宾语，但意义不一样，这类词有remember，forget等。当它们后接不定式时表动作尚未发生，接动词-ing形式时表示动作已经完成。根据题意，正确答案为C。 陷阱例题③ __________ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 句意提示：穿着白色制服，他看起来更像是一名厨师而不是医生。 陷阱追击：如没有掌握好本题所考查的过去分词短语作状语的用法，则容易误选。 正确解析：固定短语sb. be dressed in（+衣服/颜色）意为“某人穿着（某种（颜色）衣服）”，dress作及物动词时后接入。B项表示目的，不符合语境。正确答案为A。 陷阱例题④ We finished the run in less than half the time __________. 句意提示：我们用不到规定时间的一半就跑完了全程。 陷阱追击：本题考查动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词作后置定语的区别，容易误选。 正确解析：allow与time之间是动宾关系，故用allowed作定语修饰time，相当于that had been allowed的省略。正确答案为C。 Final Check（实力测验） 1.选择填空 1.Paul doesn’t have to be made __________.He always works hard. 2.We agreed __________ here but so far she hasn’t come yet. 3.Charles Babbage is generally considered __________ the first computer. 4.Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening. 5.A:I usually go there by train. B:Why not __________ by boat for a change? 6.She reached the top of the hill and stopped __________ on a big rock by the side of the path. 7.Alice pretended __________ me when I passed by. 8.We didn’t want the problem __________ again. 9.Have you had the nurse __________ your son’s temperature? 10.He felt a stone __________ his back. 11.He loves parties.He is always the first __________ and the last __________. 12.__________,one needs much practice. 13.__________ now seems impossible. 14.It is necessary __________ wildlife. 15.He said he had an important meeting __________. 16.It’s raining hard.I cannot help but __________ at home. 17.It’s easier to pull down than __________. 18.I would love __________ to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 19.She can’t help __________ the house because she’s busy making a cake. 20.When I handed the report to John,he said that George was the right person __________. 21.They knew her very well.They had seen her __________ up from childhood. 22.The chair looks hard,but in fact,it is very comfortable to __________. 23.Mother __________ us stories when we were young. 24.Alice has been working for an hour and now she stops __________ on the sofa. 25.There was nothing for us to do but __________ the injured man to the hospital. 26.__________ a teacher in a university,it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree. 27.I usually forget __________ the door,but I remembered __________ it when I left yesterday. 28.Everybody is busy __________ ready for Christmas and buying Christmas presents. 29.Mr.Brown asked us to stop __________,and we stopped __________ to him at once. 30.We kept __________ the ball to each other,and they began to get angry. 31.Wu Dong is good at __________ English aloud. 32.I try __________ the door,but she doesn’t agree. 33.You should keep on __________ English every day. 34.The found many people __________ under the big tree. 35.Mr.Li took his tape recorder to the shop to __________. 36.The young man entered the house and left me __________ outside. 37.The girl looked at me with a __________ expression.Maybe the problem was quite __________. 38.Our head teacher caught Li Hua __________ in the corner. 39.When I returned to my village twenty years later,I found it completely __________. 40.__________ from the top of the hill,the small town looks very beautiful. KEYS: 1. 解说： 1.make用在主动语态中，其后作宾语补足语的不定式前不带to，但在被动语态中，to不能省略。 2.不定式的一般式指将来，不定式的完成式指过去。agree后不能接动词-ing形式作宾语。 3.不定式的完成式指过去。consider作“认为”讲时，不能接动词-ing形式。 4.should/would like/love后接动词不定式，Jim与take是逻辑上的动宾关系，故不定式用被动语态。 5.try后接不定式表示“尽力，企图（做某事）”，接动名词则表示“试着（做）”。Why not后接名词、代词或动词原形。 6.stop+doing意为“停止手中正在做的事”；stop+to do意为“停止手中的事去做另一件事”。 7.pretend后多接动词不定式，不定式的否定式是在to前加not。 8.动词不定式与前面的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用被动语态。 9.本题是使役动词have+宾语+宾语补足语的结构。have sb. do中的sb.与后面的动词是逻辑上的主谓关系，have在此相当于ask或get，但用ask或get则应说ask/get sb. to do。 10.感官动词+宾语+do表示一次性动作（或动作的全过程）；感官动词+宾语+doing表示动作的反复（或动作的进行）。 11.本句是动词不定式作后置定语。注意这一常用句型。 12.本句是动词不定式作目的状语。动词-ing形式作目的状语时不放在句首。动词不定式作宾语表示一次性行为，动词-ing形式作宾语表示一般性行为。 13.动词不定式作主语指一次性行为，此题中的now是关键。 14.It is+形容词+for/of to do句型中，for与of的选择这样确定：如果能将以上句型改为sb.+be+形容词+to时，则用介词of，反之则用for。 15.本题是动词不定式作后置定语。have，want等动词后面的宾语是名词，而have，want等动词的主语同时又是后置定语的逻辑主语，一般用动词不定式的主动语态，而不用被动语态。 16.cannot help but后的动词不定式不带to，意为“不得不”。注意：cannot help (to) do意为“不能帮忙做……”；cannot help doing意为“禁不住做……”。 17.当两个不定式结构由or，and，than等连接时，第二个不定式前时常不带to，但在表示鲜明的对照或谚语中，一般要带to。 34.seat作及物动词时后多接反身代词作宾语。在此为过去分词作宾语补足语表状态。 35.have sth. done是叫别人做某事，过去分词的动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是别人去做。 36.stand为不及物动词，因此用-ing形式作宾语补足语。 37.表示某人的情感怎样，一般用过去分词，表示某人或某事本身怎样，用动词-ing形式。类似的表达还有excited，exciting；worried，worrying；frightened，frightening；moved，moving等。 38.catch后接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。 39.过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作的完成或被动，此处指状态。 40.过去分词短语作条件状语，town与see是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以不用动词-ing形式。 【课后作业】 1. Lily refused ______ her daughter to the after-school training center for extra classes.（2019 松江二模） A. to send B. sending C. sent D. send 2. There was a lot of traffic, but Dan and his friends managed ________ at the airport in time.（2019 普陀二模） A. arrive B. arrived C. to arrive D. arriving 3. My grandma’s memory is getting worse. She keeps________ things and people’s names.（2019 普陀二模） A. forget B. forgot C. to forget D. forgetting 4、The headmaster had the students their own decision about the name and different sections of the school newspaper. (2019 宝山二模） A、to make B、make C、making D、made 5、The litter boy kept questions about the spaceship while we were in the Space Museum.(2019 宝山二模） A、ask B、asked C、to ask D、asking 6.It was raining. My father asked me _____ a raincoat.(2019 奉贤二模） A.to take B. take C. taking D. took 7.___ a sport may help children relax. A) Play B) Playing C) Played D) Plays 8. My parents told me_____ alone because I am too young and it's not safe.(2019 奉贤二模） A) not traveling B) not to travel C) not travel D) no traveling 9、While you live in my house, I expect you _____ the rules..(2019闵行二模） A、to follow B、follow C、following D、followed 10、 It's wise of young people to avoid _____ the same mistakes again and again. .(2019闵行二模） A、make B、to make C、making D、to making 11. According to the government, air quality in Olympic zone keeps _______. (2019徐汇二模） A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved 12. Windows in the dining hall allow guests _______ the whole cooking process. (2019徐汇二模） A. see B. seeing C. to see D. Seen 13.Joe has decided the coming summer holiday wity his family in Xinjiang.(2019金山二模） spend spent to spend spending 14.It’s rather difficult for a heavy smoker to give up in a short time.(2019金山二模） smoke smoking smokes smoked 15.The headmaster had the students ________ their own decision about the name and different sections of the school newspaper.(2019嘉定二模） to make make making made 16.The little boy kept ________ questions about the spaceship while we were in the Space Museum.(2019嘉定二模） ask asked to ask asking 17、 Charlie enjoys his mother with the housework in his free time..(2019崇明二模） A、help B、to help C、helping D、 helps 18、Tina has decided in a village school after graduation to help the children there..(2019崇明二模） A、teach B、to teach C、teaching D、teaches 19. My mum always avoids ___ home from work at 5 p.m. as there’s so much traffic then.(2019杨浦二模） A. travel B. travelling C. to travel D. to travelling 20. Our decision ___ for some drink made us late for the train.(2019杨浦二模） A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. to stopping 【答案】ACDBD ABBAC CCCBB DCBBB 基础题 Choose the best answer. 1. The farmers stop ______in the field and have a rest when the sun sets every day. to work B. worked C. working D. work 2. I'd rather ___________half an hour to work than drive a car. Driving less can reduce air pollution. A.ride B.riding C.to ride D.to riding 3. Lucy is so shy that she dare not invite her classmates to practice_____________ with her for the New Year Party. A.dancing B.dance C.to dance D.to dancing 4. If you want to be on time for an important meeting in a crowded city like Shanghai, you’d better ________ home early. A. to leave B. leave C. leaving D. left 5. Mr. White will take charge of _______ invitation cards for the celebration party next month. A. prepare B. prepared C.preparing D. to prepare 6. You’d better______ long hours in the office. Go out and have a rest for a while. A.not work B.not to work C,don’t work D.not to working 7. Mother told Jimmy ______ with her friends online and said it was a waste of time. A.to stop to chat B.stooping to chat C.stop to chat D.to stop chatting 8.The most important thing for a good detective to do is ______the innocent. A.to protect B.protects C.protected D.protect 9.You’d better_____ the homework today, as tomorrow we will not have time. A.finishing B.finishes C.to finish D.finish 10. In my opinion, Hollywood is really a wonderful place _____. A.visit B.to visit C.visiting D.visited 11. You can ask your teacher for help if you can’t finish ______ the report by yourself. A.write B.writing C.to write D.wrote 12. Lily thinks she is too fat and refuses________ as usual, which makes his parents worried. A.to eat B.eat C.eating D.eats 13. When the detective interviewed the man, he denied _______ the expensive earrings. A.to steal B.stealing C.steals D.steal 14. Mr. White always expected his son _______________ an active part in the classes. A. taking B. take C. takes D. to take 15. The suspect admitted _______________ the chemical in the lab before he killed his roommate. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. steal Keys:CAABC ADADB BABDB 提升题 Choose the best answer. 1.My little cousin enjoys picture books before he goes to bed. A.to read B.read C.reads D.reading 2. The policeman caught the drunk driver, but he didn’t remember ________ the old lady. A.knock down B.to knock down C.knocked down D.knocking down 3. Most children expect Father Christmas ________ them the gift as they wish. A.give B.to give C.gave D.giving 4.The organization is considering _________some money to victims of the natural disaster. A.donate B.donating C.to donate D.to donating 5.The modern fashion in education is to let the child ________everything! A.decide B.decides C.to decide D.deciding 6. My mother didn’t expect _______ such a lovely present from me! A.receive B.received C.to receive D.receiving 7. The little boy denied _____ the window with a stone. A.break B.broke C.to break D.breaking 8. The system has the ability ________ more than one program at the same time. A. running B. runs C. to run D. ran 9. The bank clerk' admitted _______ everything about the plan of the robbery at last. A. know B. knowing C. to know D. knew 10. It is said that nowadays young people would rather_____their friends for advice. A. asked B. ask C. to ask D. asking 11. If I can’t finish _____________my homework now, I’ll go on with it after supper. A.Do B.doing C.did D. to do 12. The teacher told the student __________attention to his spelling and grammar. A. Pay B. will pay C. to pay D. paying 13. Even in the police station, the thief still denied ______ the girl’s wallet from her pocket. A.steal B.stole C.stealing D.to steal 14. To live a green life, we try ________ more energy and produce less pollution. A. to save B. save C. saves D. saved 15. Mr. White spent about one hour and a half __________ the accident report yesterday evening. A. write B. written C. writing D. to write DDBBA CDCBB BCCAC 初中语法讲义 非谓语 年 月 日 mind介意finish完成consider考虑miss错过enjoy喜欢practice训练keep坚持appreciate欣赏enjoy喜欢consider考虑escape逃脱give up放弃risk冒险deny否认object to反对imagine想像delay耽误put off推迟advise建议allow允许admit承认permit允许finish完成suggest建议practise练习avoid避免mind介意keep (on)继续miss错过a teaching building教学楼a walking stick拐杖a swimming pool游泳池a sleeping bag睡袋a smiling face笑脸a reading room阅览室A.talkB.talkingC.to talkD.is talkingA.turning it offB.turn it offC.to turn it offD.having turned it offA.DressedB.To dressC.DressingD.Having dressedA.allowingB.to allowC.allowedD.allowsA.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learningA.having metB.meetingC.to meetD.to have metA.to have inventedB.inventingC.to inventD.having inventedA.to be takenB.to takeC.being takenD.takingA.to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.try goingA.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.restA.to not seeB.no seeingC.not to seeD.having not seenA.to askB.to be askedC.being askedD.be askedA.to takeB.takingC.takeD.takenA.hittingB.to hitC.hittedD.hitA.coming;leavingB.to come;to leaveC.comes;leavesD.come;leaveA.To learn swimming wellB.To learn to swim wellC.Swimming to be learned wellD.Learning swimming wellA.Saving moneyB.To save moneyC.Being saved moneyD.To be saved moneyA.of us to protectB.for us to protectC.of us protectingD.for us protectingA.to attendB.to be attendedC.attendingD.attendA.stayedB.stayingC.to stayD.stayA.to build upB.build upC.building upD.built upA.to goB.to have goneC.goingD.having goneA.to cleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.being cleanedA.to sendB.to sending itC.to send it toD.for sending it toA.growB.grewC.was growingD.to growA.sitB.sit onC.be satD.be sat onA.was used to tellB.was used to tellingC.used to tellD.used to tellingA.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.restA.takingB.to takeC.tookD.takeA.To becomeB.BecomeC.One becomesD.On becomingA.to close;closingB.to close;to closeC.closing;closingD.closing;to closeA.getB.gettingC.to gotD.gotA.talking;to listenB.to talk;to listenC.talking;listeningD.to talk;listeningA.to passB.passingC.passD.passedA.readB.readsC.readingD.to readA.to closeB.closedC.closingD.pickedA.to practice to speakB.to practice speakingC.practicing to speakD.practicing speakingA.seatB.seatingC.to seatD.seatedA.have someone to repairB.have it repairedC.have it to be repairedD.have it repairingA.standB.to standC.standingD.to be standingA.surprised;surprisingB.surprising;surprisedC.surprised;surprisedD.surprising;surprisingA.smokeB.to smokeC.smokingD.being smokingA.changeB.changingC.changedD.to be changedA.SeeB.SawC.SeenD.Seeing1.B2.C3.A4.A5.D6.C7.C8.B9.C10.D11.B12.A13.B14.B15.A16.D17.A18.B19.A20.C21.A22.B23.C24.C25.D26.A27.A28.B29.A30.B31.C32.C33.D34.D35.B36.C37.A38.C39.C40.C
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