- 【教案】2023-2024学年高一英语 人教版(2019) 必修三 Unit 2 Reading for Writing 教案 1 次下载
- 【单元测试卷】2023-2024学年高一英语 人教版(2019)必修三 Unit 2 Morals and virtues 试卷 2 次下载
- 2023-2024学年高一英语 人教版(2019)必修三 Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures课件PPT 课件 1 次下载
- 2023-2024学年高一英语 人教版(2019)必修三 Unit 3 Listening and Speaking课件PPT 课件 1 次下载
- 2023-2024学年高一英语 人教版(2019)必修三 Unit 3 Listening and Talking课件PPT 课件 1 次下载
【知识点汇总】2023-2024学年高一英语 人教版(2019)必修三 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
展开【知识点汇总】必修三 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
【词汇短语】
1. Morals and Virtues (P13)
道德与美德
virtue /'vɜːtʃuː/ n. 高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质
【搭配】
by / in virtue of sth 凭借;依靠;由于;因为
【例句】
He led a life of virtue.
他过着高尚的生活。
She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.
她由于经验比较丰富而得到了那份工作。
【拓展】
virtue n. 优点;长处;用处 (SYN: advantage)
【例句】
He was extolling the virtues of the Internet.
他赞扬了互联网的长处。
2. “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees. (P16)
“女孩子读那么多书干嘛?找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ vi. & vt. 抱怨;发牢骚
【搭配】
complain (to sb) of / about ...; complain (to sb) that ... (向某人)抱怨/投诉……
【例句】
I’d like to complain to the neighbours about the noise, but I don’t want to cause any bad feelings.
我想向邻居抱怨噪声,但我不想引起任何不好的感觉。
注意:complain不能直接跟sb作宾语,应加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释,说明),announce(宣告),apologize(道歉)等。
【拓展】
complaint n. [C] 抱怨,投诉
a letter of complaint 投诉信
make a complaint against / about ... 投诉……
a complaint box 意见箱
【例句】
I write a letter of complaint against / about the poor service to the manager.
我打算向经理写一封关于服务差的投诉信。
3. Many Americans complained about the sharp increase in the cost of health care and health insurance recently. (P17)
最近,许多美国人抱怨医疗保健和健康保险费用的急剧增加。
sharp /ʃɑːp/ adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的
【例句】
Since the ban was announced, there has been a sharp drop in crime.
自从这条禁令颁布以来,犯罪率急剧下降。
【拓展】
sharp adj. 敏锐的;(人或言语)尖锐的,严厉的 adv. (时间)……(点)整
sharply adv. 猛烈地;急剧地;明显地
sharpen vt. & vi.(使)变得锋利;(使)提高
sharpener n. [C] 磨具,削具
4. The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary. (P17)
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议,选举一个人来代替秘书。
replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ vt. 接替;取代;更换
【搭配】
replace A (with / by B) (用B)接替/取代A
【例句】
Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycles.
如果我们用自行车取代汽车,我们的城市将变得更好。
Having been used for a long time, the carpets need replacing.
这些地毯已经使用很久了,需要更换。
【拓展】
replacement n. [U] 替换,更换;[C] 替代品;接替者
a replacement for ... ……的替代品/接替者
“代替,取代”的其他表达:
instead of 代替
in place of sb / sth = in sb’s / sth’s place 顶替/代替某人或某物
take sb’s / sth’s place = take the place of sb / sth 代替/替换某人或某物
【例句】
If the product doesn’t work, you are given the choice of replacement.
如果产品坏了,您可以选择更换。
5. I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting to be heard. (P18)
我看见她对他耳语了几句,显然不想被人听见。
whisper /ˈwɪspə(r)/ vi. & vt. 悄声说;耳语;低语
n. 耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
【搭配】
whisper (sth) in / into sb’s ear 在某人耳边低声说(某事)
whisper about sth 低声说某事
whisper (sth) to sb 对某人低声说(某事)
in a whisper / in whispers 低声地
【例句】
Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
当紧张地面对挑战时,我知道我将对自己低语那两个简单的词“Be yourself”。
6. After Dr Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China. (P18)
白求恩大夫去世后,毛泽东主席写了一篇文章来纪念他,他在文章中赞扬白求恩大夫是一名在中国值得纪念的英雄。
in memory of 作为对……的纪念
【例句】
The Dragon Boat Festival is held in memory of the famous poet Qu Yuan.
龙舟节的举办是为了纪念著名诗人屈原。
【拓展】
in praise of 称赞,歌颂
in celebration of ... 庆祝……
in search of 寻找
in favour of 支持,赞同
in charge of 负责;管理
in need of 需要
in control of 控制
in aid of ... 为了帮助……
in honour of ... 为向……表示敬意
in support of 支持
7. I’m sure you’ve heard the famous country music song “Chain of Love”. (P19)
我确信你听过著名的乡村音乐《爱之链》。
chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 一连串(人或事);链子;链条
【拓展】
chain n. 连锁商店(或旅馆)
【例句】
She wore a heavy gold chain around her neck.
她戴着一条粗实的金项链。
Diana is a buyer for a chain of furniture shops.
戴安娜的一家连锁家具商店的采购员。
It set off a chain reaction in the international money markets.
这一事件在国际金融市场上引起了连锁反应。
【语法知识】
- To a person nothing is more precious than their life ... (P16)
对一个人来说,生命是最宝贵的……
【句式剖析】
“nothing is +(形容词)比较级+ than ...”是一个常见的句型,意为“没有什么比……更加……”
【例句】
In the face of disasters, nothing is more precious than human lives and nothing is more urgent than saving lives.
在灾难面前,没有什么比人的生命更宝贵,没有什么比拯救生命更紧迫。
【归纳拓展】
“否定词+形容词/副词的比较级”结构:
常用的否定词nothing, no, not, never, nobody等与形容词/副词的比较级连用时,常表示最高级含义,意为“没有比……更过了”。
- -ing形式作状语和宾语补足语
(1)-ing形式作状语
1)形式:
Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
在公园散步时,她看见了一位老朋友。(walk与she是逻辑上的主谓关系)
Having been caught in the rain for a long time, he was wet all over.
由于被雨淋了很长时间,他浑身都湿透了。(catch与 he是逻辑上的动宾关系,且catch所表示的动作发生在was wet所表示的动作之前。)
2)类型:
动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况。作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列成分,作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时相当于对应的状语从句。
Hearing the news ( = When they heard the news), they immediately set off for Shanghai.
听到这个消息,他们立即出发去上海了。(时间状语)
Being tired ( = Because I was tired), I stopped to have a rest.
我累了,于是停下来休息。(原因状语)
The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
这场雪持续了一个星期,造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。(结果状语)
Turning to the right ( = If you turn to the right), you will find a path leading to his cottage.
向右转弯,你会找到一条通往他的小屋的小路。(条件状语)
Admitting what she has said ( = Although I admit what she has said), I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.
尽管承认她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没有尽她最大的努力。(让步状语)
Please answer the question using another way. (= Please answer the question and use another way.)
请用另一种方式回答这个问题。(方式状语)
She stood there, listening to the wind and watching the rain. (= She stood there, listened to the wind and watched the rain.)
她站在那儿,听着风声,看着雨落。(伴随状语)
3)注意事项:
• 动词-ing形式作状语时,为明确状语的类型,有时可在其前面加上相应的从属连词(when, while, since, once, unless, as if, even if, though等)。“从属连词+动词-ing形式”可以视为状语从句的省略。
While (he was) waiting for the bus, he met Mary.
等公共汽车时,他遇到了玛丽。
• 动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together.
我妻子和萨莉谈了很长时间,解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(句子的主语My wife是explaining的逻辑主语)
【特别提醒】动词-ing形式作结果状语时,其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语,也可以是前面的整个句子;当情况为后者时,动词-ing形式可转化为一个非限制性定语从句。
The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary.
凉风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要开空调了。(making的逻辑主语是前面的整个句子)
• 动词-ing形式的否定形式是“not / never + 动词-ing”。
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.
由于没有尽最大努力,他这次考试没能通过。
• 有些动词-ing短语已成为习惯用语,用来修饰整个句子,作状语,如:
judging from / by ... 从……来判断
supposing ... 假设……
assuming ... 假如……
providing that ... 假如……
frankly speaking ... 坦白地说
considering ... 考虑到……
seeing that ... 鉴于……;既然……
generally speaking 一般说来
(2)-ing形式作宾语补足语
1)形式:
2)用法
• 在see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice, find, observe等表示感官和心理状态的动词后作宾补,表示动作正在进行,并非全过程。
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love it that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
现在,我看到我的孩子们带着他们的孩子去图书馆,而且去图书馆的那种兴奋感一代代传了下来,
这一点让我很喜欢。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
I saw her being questioned by the police.
我看到她正在被警察盘问。(表示正在进行的被动动作)
【特别提醒】感官动词后既可以用现在分词作宾补,也可以用省略to的动词不定式作宾补。区别:现在分词作宾补,强调动作正在进行,并非全过程;省略to的动词不定式表示动作的完成,即全过程。
I saw him crossing the road.
我看见他在过马路。(还未过完)
I saw him cross the road.
我看见他过了马路。(已经过去,看见全过程)
• 在keep, get, leave, have等表示“使”“让”的动词后作宾补。
In order to keep warm, we kept the fire burning all night long.
为了保暖,我们让火通宵燃烧。
Don’t have the water running when you brush your teeth.
你刷牙的时候不要让水一直流。
• 用于with复合结构中。
With the machine helping us, we could finish the work on time.
由于有机器帮助,我们能按时完成任务。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为我妈妈身体抱恙,我将无法去度假。