Unit 1 突破 语法大冲关 教材讲解 2021-2022学年【新教材】外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册
展开简单句的八种基本句型
英语句子按照其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本句型由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)等构成。
1．主谓(SV)
[观察典例]
[归纳用法]
该句型中谓语是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。
2．主谓状(SVA)
[观察典例]
[归纳用法]
该句型中谓语是不及物动词；副词、介词短语等作状语。
3．主(系)表(SP)
[观察典例]
[归纳用法]
该句型中动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语，其中的动词称为系动词。系动词除了be动词之外，还有：①表示感官的动词：feel，appear，look，smell，taste，sound等；②表示状态延续的动词：remain，stay，keep，continue等；③表示转变、变化的动词：become，get，turn，go，run，fall，come，grow等。
4．主谓宾(SVO)
[观察典例]
[归纳用法]
该句型中谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词＋动词不定式和动词ing形式。
[即学即练1] 判断下面句子的句型。
①His name is Johnson. (SP)
②The young man cried. (SV)
③ The little boy breathed deeply. (SVA)
④The old man found his lost dog. (SVO)
5．主谓宾状(SVOA)
[观察典例]
[归纳用法]
该句型中谓语是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，其后接宾语。副词、介词短语等作状语。
6．主谓宾宾(SVOO)
[观察典例]
[归纳用法]
该句型中谓语是及物动词，后接两个宾语。这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。
[名师点津]
①跟双宾语需借助于to的动词：bring，give，lend，hand，offer，pass，promise，return，send，show，teach，tell，write等；
②跟双宾语需借助于for的动词：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，make，order，sing，save，spare等。
7．主谓宾补(SVOC)
[观察典例]
[归纳用法]
该句型中谓语动词后虽然已接一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。
[名师点津]
用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正宾语”。it作形式宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider，think，make，find，believe，feel，guess，imagine，judge，prove，see，suppose，take等。
8．存现句
[观察典例]
There are many students in the playground.
操场上有许多学生。
There is a pen on the desk.
桌子上有一支笔。
[即学即练2] 判断下面句子的句型。
①He put the apples on the table. (SVOA)
②My mum brought me a new dictionary. (SVOO)
③She found her bike stolen. (SVOC)
④There are 66 students in our class. (存现句)
Ⅰ.指出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分
1．His parents are well taken care of in the village. 主语
2．He managed to finish the work in time. 宾语
3．His wish is to become a scientist. 表语
4．Great changes have taken place in China since 1980. 谓语
5．He noticed a man enter the room. 宾语补足语
6．Would you tell me your advice？ 宾语
7．I opened the window to let some fresh air in. 状语
8．He was elected chairman of the company. 主语补足语
9．The man is a black writer. 定语
Ⅱ.判断下列句子的句型
1．Time flies. (SV)
2．He enjoys reading. (SVO)
3．The sun keeps us warm. (SVOC)
4．The dinner smells good. (SP)
5．This is an EnglishChinese dictionary. (SP)
6．I want to have a cup of tea very much. (SVOA)
7．Jack gave his little brother a present. (SVOO)
8．There seemed to be no doubt about it. (存现句)
Ⅲ.联词组句并判断其句型
1．have，yellow，the，turned，leaves
The leaves have turned yellow.(SP)
2．him，all，considered，honest，us，of
All of us considered him honest.(SVOC)
3．the，would，me，you，dictionary，pass，please
Would you please pass me the dictionary？(SVOO)
4．successfully，have，they，plan，the，out，carried
They have carried out the plan successfully.(SVOA)
5．sun，east，the，in，rises，the，red
The red sun rises in the east.(SVA)
6．look，things，the，after，boys，their，must
The boys must look after their things.(SVO)
7．begins，eight，the，English，at，class，o'clock
The English class begins at eight o'clock.(SVA)
8．man，the，too，motorbike，the，on，travelling，fast，was
The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.(SVA)
9．school，her，boy，of，to，he，take，out，asked，the
He asked her to take the boy out of school.(SVOC)
10．a，the，around，restaurant，corner，is，there
There is a restaurant around the corner.(存现句)
