专题03 阅读理解I 主旨大意题 考点3 总结段落大意 2022年英语二轮复习讲 练 测 -练案

专题03 阅读理解I 主旨大意题 

考点3  总结段落大意--讲•练•测---练案

时间：30分钟  满分：30

1.B【2022届山东省日照市高三一模】

Despite Kyle Tianshi being only a 15-year-old US high schooler, he has published five sci-fi novels. His fifth book Eventide was released in July. However, this may not be his most impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Hero Award”, a $20, 000 grand prize. It is the top honor in the California Youth Sustainability Awards. The competition aims to encourage and support young community leaders who are making a difference for sustainability in their communities by taking action for the planet.

Kyle, a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US, received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID．The device can detect microscopic particles(粒子) in water by using a laser and microscope. These particles can be harmful to people and the environment.

Kyle came up with the idea for the invention based on his experience growing up in San Diego, California, US. People had no access to unpolluted drinking water and his parents asked him not to drink tap water. Kyle spent about $60 buying the tools needed to analyze the tap water: a laser, a microscope and a micro-computer. “It’s incredibly powerful for the price,” Kyle said. Then he used their family’s garage as his laboratory, doing research on the pollution of drinking water caused by micro-plastics.

Kyle hopes to bring to market a low-cost alternative tool for detecting micro-plastic pollution levels in drinking water. In this way, he can offer help to people who don’t have access to water filtration(过滤) systems. He has applied for a patent.

Kyle said his sister Emily, a freshman at Stanford University, inspired his interest in environmental research. She was recognized nationally for developing a water collection device. They have founded the Clearwater Innovation program to advocate for clean water through social media platforms and organize community cleanup events.

1．What do we know about Kyle?

A．He is good at adapting sci-fi works.

B．He entered many novel contests.

C．He received an award for his invention.

D．He’s found microscopic particles in water.

2．What led to Kyle’s creation of NEREID?

A．People’s lack of clean drinking water. B．People’s poor living conditions.

C．His desire to be a community leader. D．His family’s encouragement.

3．Which of the following best describes Kyle?

A．Considerate and brave. B．Optimistic and honest.

C．Determined and humorous. D．Responsible and creative.

4．What’s the text mainly about?

A．The introduction of NEREID． B．A boy’s contribution to literature.

C．The harm of polluted water. D．A US schooler’s water solution.

【答案】1．C2．A3．D4．D

【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。

1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Kyle, a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US, received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID.( Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C项。

2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Kyle came up with the idea for the invention based on his experience growing up in San Diego, California, US. People had no access to unpolluted drinking water and his parents asked him not to drink tap water.( Kyle基于他在美国加州圣地亚哥的成长经历，想出了这个发明的主意。人们喝不到无污染的饮用水，他的父母要求他不要喝自来水。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。故选A项。

3．推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段第一句“Kyle, a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US, received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”及文章最后一句“They have founded the Clearwater Innovation program to advocate for clean water through social media platforms and organize community cleanup events.(他们创立了清水创新项目，通过社交媒体平台倡导清洁用水，并组织社区清洁活动。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此他有责任心且有创意，故选D项。

4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句“Kyle, a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US, received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID.( Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，文章主要讲述15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。故选D项。

2.C【2022届山东省日照市高三一模】

The exact location in France where Dutch master Vincent van Gogh painted his last work of art has been discovered.

A Dutch researcher figured out that a scene described in the artist’s last work, Tee Root, was visible on a postcard showing a man standing next to a bicycle on a back street of the village Auvers-sur-Oise. Van Gogh spent the last weeks of his life in the village. Helpfully, the card even included the name of the street.

Researchers were given a unique glimpse(体验) into the famous painter’s final hours. He was at work right up to the end.

Wouter van der Veen, scientific director of the Van Gogh Institute in France, made the discovery. While stuck at home, van de Veen used the extra time to organize the numerous files and documents on van Gogh, including images such as the old postcard from Auvers-sur-Oise. One day in late April, he saw the card on his computer screen and it suddenly struck him that he was looking at the location of Tree Roots. Next to the man and his bicycle, roots and trees are clearly visible. He took a virtual trip down the site using Google’s Street View.

“Villagers know the spot and the main tree root well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because of its shapes,” van der Veen said. “It was really hiding in overt sight.”

The discovery provides tourists with an extra reason to visit Auvers-sur-Oise. “They travel a lot just for one reason—to walk in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh. Now they can stand at the very place where he painted his last painting,” van der Veen said. “And that’s a very moving thing for a lot of people. So I’m very happy to be able to share that with all those who love van Gogh.”

5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．What the postcard revealed. B．How Tee Roots was discovered.

C．Why Auvers-sur-Oise became known. D．Where van Gogh painted his works.

6．How did van der Veen confirm his discovery?

A．He studied a picture of Auvers-sur-Oise.

B．He organized his data on van Gogh.

C．He traveled to France to see for himself.

D．He paid a visit to the spot online.

7．What does the underlined word “overt” in paragraph 5 mean?

A．Mixed. B．Obvious. C．Lovely. D．Strange.

8．What can we infer about tourists to Auvers-sur-Oise?

A．They enjoy exploring how to paint. B．They share their love for van Gogh.

C．They admire van Gogh very much. D．They want to experience the life there.

【答案】5．A6．D7．B8．C

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了研究人员偶然间在一张明信片上发现了梵高人生最后一幅画创作的地点。

5．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A Dutch researcher figured out that a scene described in the artist’s last work, Tree Root, was visible on a postcard showing a man standing next to a bicycle on a back street of the village Auvers-sur-Oise.（一位荷兰研究人员发现，在一张明信片上可以看到梵高的最后一幅画《树根》中描绘的场景，一名男子站在奥维尔村庄一条后街上的自行车旁）”可知，第二段承接上文，主要描述这一发现的由来，即一张明信片上发现了梵高最后一幅画中的场景。故选A项。

6．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He took a virtual trip down the site using Google’s Street View.（他通过谷歌街景对该地点进行了一次虚拟旅行）”可知，研究人员van der Veen正是在看过明信片后，通过谷歌街景的模拟旅行进行了确认。故选D项。

7．词义猜测题。根据第五段中van der Veen的话“Villagers know the spot and the main tree root well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because of its shapes,（村民们都知道这个地方和主干树根，甚至根据其形状命名为“大象”）”和”It was really hiding in overt sight.（它真的就藏在眼皮底下）”可知，联系上下文，显然梵高最后一幅画中的地方并不是无毛之地，相反很多人都知道这里，但就是没有人将它们联系起来，overt在这里应表示“明显的”以表达“藏在眼皮底下”的含义。故选B项。

8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中van der Veen的话“They travel a lot just for one reason—to walk in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh. Now they can stand at the very place where he painted his last painting,（他们很多人来旅游都是抱着一个目的——追寻梵高的足迹。现在他们可以站在他创作最后一幅画的地方了）”和“And that’s a very moving thing for a lot of people. So I’m very happy to be able to share that with all those who love van Gogh（对许多人来说这是很感人的一件事。所以我很高兴能与那些喜爱梵高的人分享这一点）”可知，慕名而来的游客们大都是出于对梵高的欣赏和仰慕、想要追寻他最后的足迹。故选C项。

3.D【2022届山东省日照市高三一模】

Plants don’t have ears or a central nervous system, but new research out of the University of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to “hear”. More specifically, plants have been shown to exhibit an immune(免疫) response to the mere sound of a hungry insect.

For the study, researchers played the sound of a caterpillar chewing to a group of plants, which caused slight vibrations(振动) on the plants’ leaves. The plants were able to recognize these vibration patterns as danger, and responded by mounting the appropriate immune response. In other words, it appears that plants can “hear” themselves being chewed on.

Researchers assume that plants achieve this remarkable ability thanks to proteins that respond to pressure found within their cell membranes. Vibrations cause pressure changes within the cell, which can change the behavior of the proteins; however, additional study will be required to confirm or deny this theory.

Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this process, it could lead to advances in crop protection. Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning to poisonous chemicals.

“We can imagine applications of this where plants could be treated with sound or genetically engineered to respond to certain sounds that would be useful for agriculture,” said study author Heidi Appel.

The study adds to the growing list of ways that plants have been shown to sense their environments. They are not the boring organisms that many people assume they are. For instance, some plants are able to communicate with each other and signal upcoming danger to their neighbors by releasing chemicals into the air. Plants can respond to light (think about sunflowers) and temperature. Some can even respond to touch, such as the Venus flytrap(捕蝇草), which snaps shut when an insect stimulates its hairs.

9．Why did researchers carry out the study?

A．To find out if plants can react to sounds.

B．To learn how plants recognize dangers.

C．To discover if plants can shake their leaves.

D．To see how plants improve immune systems.

10．What’s the potential use of researchers’ discovery?

A．To remove insects. B．To protect crops.

C．To treat plant diseases. D．To produce chemicals.

11．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．There are more plants than we know.

B．Plants are more active than we think.

C．Plants fit in well with their environments.

D．Lots of secrets about plants remain unclear.

12．What can be the best title for the text?

A．Can plants “talk” with each other?

B．How do plants make use of sounds?

C．Can plants “hear” themselves being eaten?

D．How do plants defend themselves against attacks?

【答案】9．A10．B11．B12．C

【解析】这是一篇说明文，密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应，这项发现可以应用于农业以保护庄稼。

9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“More specifically, plants have been shown to exhibit an immune(免疫) response to the mere sound of a hungry insect.(更具体地说，植物已经被证明对仅仅是饥饿昆虫的声音都有免疫反应。)”及第二段的研究过程“For the study, researchers played the sound of a caterpillar chewing to a group of plants, which caused slight vibrations(振动) on the plants’ leaves. The plants were able to recognize these vibration patterns as danger, and responded by mounting the appropriate immune response.(在这项研究中，研究人员向一组植物播放毛毛虫咀嚼的声音，这会引起植物叶子的轻微振动。这些植物能够将这些振动模式识别为危险，并通过建立适当的免疫反应做出反应。)”可知，这项研究的目的是查明植物对声音是否有反应。故选A项。

10．细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this process, it could lead to advances in crop protection. Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning to poisonous chemicals.(一旦研究人员确定了在这一过程中发挥作用的确切机制，它可能会导致庄稼保护方面的进展。农民有可能学会用声音来让植物的天然化学物质抵御昆虫的威胁，而不是使用有毒的化学物质。)”可知，研究人员的这一发现的潜在用处是保护庄稼。故选B项。

11．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，结合前两句“The study adds to the growing list of ways that plants have been shown to sense their environments. They are not the boring organisms that many people assume they are.(这项研究增加了正在增长的植物感知环境的方式。它们不是许多人认为的那种乏味的生物体。)”可知，植物并不是乏味的生物体，下文举例说明植物能够互相交流，所以本段想要告诉我们植物比我们想的更加活跃。故选B项。

12．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Plants don’t have ears or a central nervous system, but new research out of the University of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to “hear”.(植物没有耳朵或中枢神经系统，但密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，它们可能仍然有“听”的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，并讲述了这项发现的潜在应用。故C项“植物能‘听到’自己被吃掉的声音吗”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。

4.C【2022届山东省淄博市高三第一次模拟考试（2月）】

The Tiangong space station is a space station being constructed by China. The construction of the station is based on the experience gained from its pioneers, Tiangong-l and Tiangong-2. The first module(舱), the Tianhe core module, was launched on 29 April 2021, followed by multiple crewed and uncrewed missions and two more modules to be launched by 2022.

According to China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), which operates the space station, the purpose and missions of Tiangong space station are listed as: breakthrough in key technologies such as permanent human operations in orbit, long-term autonomous spaceflight of the spacestation, life support technology; development of technology that can aid future deep space exploration.

The Tianhe Core Cabin Module (CCM) provides life support and living quarters for three crew members and provides guidance, navigation (导航) for the station. The module also provides the station’s power and life support system. The station is equipped with a small kitchen for food preparation and the first-ever microwave oven in the spaceflight, so that astronauts can always have hot food whenever they need. 120 different types of food, selected based on astronauts’ preference, are stored aboard.

China’s intention to build its own space station was amplified(增强的）after NASA refused Chines participation in Intemational Space Station in 2011.On 22 February 2017, CMSA and Italian Space Agency (ASD) signed an agreement to cooperate on long-term human spaceflight activities. The agreement holds importance due to Italy’s leading position in the field of human spaceflight with regard to the creation and development of the International Space Station and it shows Italy’s increased expectation in China’s developing space station program. Tiangong is also expected to host experiments from many other countries.

13．What do we know about the Tiangong space station?

A．It aims to build a core module. B．Its construction has been finished

C．Self-controlled flight is impossible. D．It can further assist space exploration.

14．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Food stored aboard the station B．Ways of cooking in space.

C．Living conditions on CCM. D．Life supporting technologies.

15．What will the future of the Tiangong space station be like according to the text?

A．Dependent and unclear. B．Promising and Influential.

C．Leading but unpredictable. D．Internationalized but risky.

16．In which section of a website may this text appear?

A．Space fiction. B．Life Health

C．Historical events. D．Science

【答案】13．D14．C15．B16．D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是天宫空间站。

13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“According to China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), which operates ...development of technology that can aid future deep space exploration.(根据运营空间站的中国载人航天总局(CMSA)的说法，天宫空间站的目的和任务包括：突破关键技术，如永久在轨载人飞行、空间站长期自主飞行、生命支持技术；技术的发展可以帮助未来的深空探索。)”可知，天宫空间站可以进一步帮助太空探索。故选D。

14．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“The Tianhe Core Cabin Module (CCM) provides life support and living quarters for three crew members and provides guidance, navigation (导航) for the station. The module also provides the station’s power and life support system. The station is equipped with a small kitchen for food preparation and the first-ever microwave oven in the spaceflight, so that astronauts can always have hot food whenever they need.(天河核心客舱模块(CCM)为三名机组人员提供生命支持和生活区，并为空间站提供指导和导航。该模块还提供空间站的动力和生命支持系统。空间站配备了一个准备食物的小厨房和太空飞行中第一个微波炉，这样宇航员随时都可以吃到热食物。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是CCM的生活状况，即Living conditions on CCM，故选C。

15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The agreement holds importance due to Italy’s leading position in the field of human spaceflight with regard to the creation and development of the International Space Station and it shows Italy’s increased expectation in China’s developing space station program. Tiangong is also expected to host experiments from many other countries.(该协议非常重要，因为意大利在载人航天领域国际空间站的创建和发展方面处于领先地位，这表明意大利对中国空间站项目的发展寄予了更高的期望。天宫号还将承载许多其他国家的实验。)”可知，天宫空间站的未来将会是有前途的和有影响力的，即Promising and Influential，故选B。

16．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“The Tiangong space station is a space station being constructed by China. The construction of the station is based on the experience gained from its pioneers, Tiangong-l and Tiangong-2. The first module(舱), the Tianhe core module, was launched on 29 April 2021, followed by multiple crewed and uncrewed missions and two more modules to be launched by 2022.(天宫空间站是中国正在建造的一个空间站。该空间站的建设是基于其先驱天宫一号和天宫二号的经验。第一个舱，即“天河”核心舱，于2021年4月29日发射，随后进行了多次载人和无人飞行任务，并将在2022年之前发射另外两个舱。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是天宫空间站，是科学领域的，因此可以在网站的科学部分出现，故选D。

5.B【福建省福州市2021-2022学年高三3月高中毕业班质量检测】

Tracy Garrett was the Mr Fix-it of a village where I lived for two years. I heard about mysterious doings of his late wife, Minnie. There were stories of someone who had got into trouble a proper amount of money would cure, and each ended on the same strange note: “Minnie is in hock again.”

I tried to talk with locals to solve the mystery. But at a newcomer’s spying curiosity, the villagers always avoided the issue with New England reservation. It left me completely in the dark.

Soon I began having troubles of my own. My daughter had an expensive operation, but the money I had counted on didn’t come in.

One day Garrett came to fix my sink, which never worked properly. Working silently for a while, he looked at me and said, “Understand you’ve been having a little trouble.” I was feeling bitter, but still talked it out. “Then it’s time you met Minnie,” he said decisively.

I felt a bit scared and was prepared for anything, but all that happened was that he took out a tired-looking $ 1000 bank-note. Roughly printed on it was: MINNIE.

“All you do is take Minnie to the bank and put her up for loan for any amount up to $ 1000. You pay the bank their regular rate of interest, and then Minnie comes back to me.” He continued. “Minnie loved this village, and she wanted to keep on helping people after she was gone.”

I began to understand why the town folk had been so secretive. They didn’t know whether I could be trusted with a secret so precious.

Though I moved away later, I would like to believe Minnie is still in circulation (流通). Minnie strikes me as the kind of woman who goes on for ever.

17．Who was Tracy Garrett?

A．A banker. B．A doctor. C．A repairman. D．A gardener.

18．What is Para.2 mainly about?

A．Little was reserved for Minnie. B．“I” failed to uncover the mystery.

C．The locals were curious about newcomers. D．Minnie was talked about a lot in the village.

19．How did “I” get out of the trouble?

A．He took Minnie to the bank. B．He turned to Garrett for help.

C．He borrowed money from Minnie. D．He loaned on Minnie’s guarantee.

20．Which of the following best conveys the message?

A．Kindness is the key that unlocks the heart.

B．He who plants kindness gathers love.

C．A little kindness goes a long way.

D．It is in giving that we receive.

【答案】17．C18．B19．D20．B

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述作者在困境中的得到已去世的Minnie夫人帮助的故事。

17．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Tracy Garrett was the Mr Fix-it of a village where I lived for two years. ”（Tracy Garrett是我住了两年的一个村子里的修理工。）以及后文“One day Garrett came to fix my sink, ”（有一天Garrett来修我的水槽）可知，Garrett是一个修理工。故选C项。

18．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“I tried to talk with locals to solve the mystery. But at a newcomer’s spying curiosity, the villagers always avoided the issue with New England reservation. It left me completely in the dark.”（我试图与当地人交谈以解开谜团。但在一个新来者的窥探好奇心下，村民们总是用新英格兰的保留意见的传统来回避问题。这让我完全不知所措。）可知，第二段主要讲作者试图解谜，但是当地村民故意避开，结果作者一无所获。故选B项。

19．细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段““All you do is take Minnie to the bank and put her up for loan for any amount up to $ 1000. You pay the bank their regular rate of interest, and then Minnie comes back to me.” He continued. “Minnie loved this village, and she wanted to keep on helping people after she was gone.””（“你要做的就是把Minnie带到银行，让她贷款，金额不超过1000美元。你向银行支付他们的正常利率，然后Minnie回到我身边。”他接着说。“Minnie喜欢这个村子，她想在离开后继续帮助人们。”）可知，作者后面是用Minnie的名义保证，到银行贷到款而解决问题的。故选D项。

20．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Though I moved away later, I would like to believe Minnie is still in circulation. Minnie strikes me as the kind of woman who goes on for ever.”（虽然我后来搬走了，但我还是相信Minnie还在流通。Minnie给我留下的印象是，她是一个永远还存活着的女人。）可知，作者通过这件事，永远记住了Minnie，记住了她的友善和恩惠。所以推断Minnie将永远铭记在她帮助过人的心里并受爱戴。所以B项He who plants kindness gathers love（种下善意的人会得到爱）符合题意。故选B项。