专题03 阅读理解I 主旨大意题 考点1 精确归纳标题 2022年英语二轮复习讲 练 测 -测案

专题03阅读理解I 主旨大意题 

考点1  精确归纳标题--讲•练•测---测案

时间：45分钟  满分：50

I.阅读理解（归纳标题）

A

【江苏省苏北六市（南通、徐州、淮安、宿迁、泰州、扬州）2021-2022学年高三第一次调研】

Dozens of honey bees, which usually feed on wild flowers after leaving their hives (蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked into the cottage to feed from an artificial flower. Only one bee was allowed in at a time, and their visits to artificial flowers were videoed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked (模拟) calm and windy days.

But the researchers are trying to help them: it is a controlled experiment that reveals how high wind speeds significantly reduce the efficiency of their feeding.

With no wind, the bees on average took nectar (花蜜) from 5.45 flowers during their 90-second time trial. When wind speeds were increased, this fell to an average of 3.73 flowers.

Researchers also examined the indirect impact of higher winds by moving the flowers.

The findings reveal that, while flower movement did not appear to have an effect on the bees, the movement of air from the fans made them much more hesitant to take off from a flower, with time taken ranging from an initial 0.05 seconds to 54 seconds.

Georgia Hennessy, lead author of the research, said that one possible reason for the wind causing hesitancy was that small increases in wind speed reduced the bees’ body temperature, so they require longer to warm up the flight muscles required to take off.

“With wind speeds predicted to increase in the years ahead, understanding how we can help bees in a changing climate is becoming ever more pressing. Although we can’t do much to control or stop the wind, we can take steps to reduce its impact on bees, such as placing hives in sheltered locations,” said Hennessy.

The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization warned last year that the decline in global bee populations was a “threat to global food security and diversity”.

Dave Goulson, professor of biology at the University of Sussex, said:“Bees already face many pressures in the modern world, such as loss of habitats and exposure to pesticides (杀虫剂), and a great many are in decline. Coping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw.”

1．What task did the researchers set for the bees?

A．Identifying the new route.

B．Surviving in extreme conditions.

C．Feeding under different wind speeds.

D．Distinguishing various kinds of flowers.

2．What probably makes a bee hesitant to take off from a flower?

A．A full stomach.

B．Loss of balance.

C．Changed flower positions.

D．Reduced body temperature.

3．What can we do to reduce the impact of high winds on bees?

A．Stop the wind.

B．Restore their habitats.

C．Address climate change.

D．Prohibit the use of pesticides.

4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Loss of bees causes failure of food crops

B．Bees are on the decline as global heating worsens

C．Bees may struggle in winds caused by global warming

D．Artificial flowers are used for threatened bee populations

【答案】1．C2．D3．C4．C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个关于风速对蜜蜂进食效率的影响的实验，进而引出蜜蜂当下所面临的困境，并引发对于如何解决这一问题的思考。

1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dozens of honey bees, which usually feed on wild flowers after leaving their hives (蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked into the cottage to feed from an artificial flower. Only one bee was allowed in at a time, and their visits to artificial flowers were videoed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked (模拟) calm and windy days.(几十只蜜蜂通常在离开校园花园的蜂巢后以野花为食，它们被骗进小屋，以一朵人造花为食。一次只允许一只蜜蜂进入，并在不同的风扇速度下对它们造访人造花进行录像和计时，模拟了平静和有风的日子)”可知，研究人员为蜜蜂设置的任务是在不同的风速下进食。故选C。

2．细节理解题。根据第六段“Georgia Hennessy, lead author of the research, said that one possible reason for the wind causing hesitancy was that small increases in wind speed reduced the bees’ body temperature, so they require longer to warm up the flight muscles required to take off.(这项研究的主要作者Georgia Hennessy说，风导致蜜蜂迟疑的一个可能原因是风速的小幅增加降低了蜜蜂的体温，因此它们需要更长的时间来预热起飞所需的飞行肌群)”可知，降低的体温导致蜜蜂从一朵花到另一朵花的迟疑。故选D。

3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Coping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw.(应对气候变化下日益多风的天气可能是最后一根稻草)”可知，应对风变多的天气是最后的办法，故选C。

4．主旨大意题。文章内容，尤其第一段本“Dozens of honey bees, which usually feed on wild flowers after leaving their hives (蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked into the cottage to feed from an artificial flower. Only one bee was allowed in at a time, and their visits to artificial flowers were videoed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked (模拟) calm and windy days.(几十只蜜蜂通常在离开校园花园的蜂巢后以野花为食，它们被骗进小屋，以一朵人造花为食。一次只允许一只蜜蜂进入，并在不同的风扇速度下对它们造访人造花进行录像和计时，模拟了平静和有风的日子)”和最后一段的“Coping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw.(应对气候变化下日益多风的天气可能是最后一根稻草)”可知，文主要围绕风速对于蜜蜂进食速率的影响的相关研究，进而引申出当下蜜蜂所面临的困境，以及如何解决该问题。故C项“蜜蜂可能会在全球变暖引起的大风中挣扎”可以作为本文标题。故选C。

B

【福建省泉州市2021-2022学年高中毕业班质量监测（二）】

In the United States alone, about 30% of all food that is harvested is thrown away. Often this food is not consumed due to early spoilage(腐烂).To arrive at harvest, produce must be grown through a strict agricultural process, which requires a great deal of resources including money, labor, water, and energy.

Hazel Technologies, a Chicago - based startup that created a small drop - in packet to keep banans and other produce from turning prematurely brown, is starting to produce a lot of green. Having raised 70 million in a completed investment round, the 6 - year - old company aims to launch their products in every major agricultural economy on Earth.

Hazel works with more than 160 companies across 12 countries. Its product delivers an odorless vapor (无味的气体) in sugar - packet sized inserts called sachets. When dropped in boxes. of produce, the sachet can as much as triple (三倍) shelf life. Moreover, Hazel’s newly - funded MCP technology oan increase the produce’s resistance to ethylene - a chemical promoting growth.

In addition to growers, several grocery chains use the Hazel product and service to keep produer fresher longer. This year, Hazel projects its product and service will be used with more than 6. 3 bilion pounds of produce, preventing more than 500 million pounds from going to waste.

“The company said its profits, which tripled last year, are under market for us is very, very large, ” said Mouat, CEO of the company. He expects Hazel to be in 20 countries by 2025, with international business accounting for 75% of annual income.

“Its just a massive growing market opportunity,” said Tim Bluth, vice president at Pontifax Ag Tech, who praised the Hazel product for its ease of use and low cost. “And I think, most importantly,...it works.”

5．What is Hazel’s technology intended for?

A．Extending shelf life of food. B．Enhancing food flavor.

C．Boosting food production. D．Quickening crop growth.

6．Where can you find Hazel's technical principle?

A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3. C．In paragraph4. D．In paragraph 5.

7．What does Tim Bluth think of Hazel’s technology?

A．Improvable. B．Unaffordable. C．Complicated. D．Promising.

8．What is the best title for this text?

A．Hazel Hits World B．Hazel Meets Profits

C．Hazel Increases Sales D．Hazel Hates Waste

【答案】5．A6．B7．D8．D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一款延长食品保质期的新发明。

5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Its product delivers an odorless vapor(无味的气体) in sugar - packet sized inserts called sachets. When dropped in boxes. of produce, the sachet can as much as triple (三倍) shelf life.（它的产品在糖包大小的小袋中提供无味的气体。当投进盒子里时，就农产品而言，这种香包可以增加三倍之多的保质期。）”可知，Hazel’s technology主要是为了延长食品的保质期，故选择A项。

6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Moreover, Hazel’s newly - funded MCP technology oan increase the produce's resistance to ethylene - a chemical promoting growth（此外，黑兹尔新投资的MCP技术可以提高产品对乙烯的抵抗力，乙烯是一种促进生长的化学物质。）”可知，是在第三段中主要介绍了黑兹尔产品的科学原理，故选择B项。

7．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Its just a massive growing market opportunity,"said Tim Bluth，“Its just a massive growing market opportunity,” said Tim Bluth, vice president at Pontifax Ag Tech, who praised the Hazel product for its ease of use and low cost.（“这只是一个巨大的增长市场机会，”蒂姆·布卢斯，Pontifax Ag Tech的副总裁说，他称赞Hazel产品易于使用且成本低。）”可知，蒂姆·布卢斯认为Hazel产品很有前景，A. Improvable.可改进的；B. Unaffordable.负担不起的；C. Complicated.复杂的；D. Promising.有前景的。故选择D项。

8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“（In the United States alone, about 30% of all food that is harvested is thrown away. Often this food is not consumed due to early spoilage(腐烂).仅在美国，收获的食物中就有30%被扔掉了。通常这种食物由于过早变质而不被食用。）”可知Hazel产品主要就是为了改变这种浪费，故选择D项。

C

【广东省梅州市2021-2022学年高三下学期2月总复习质检（一模）】

It’s practically a scene on American television. A baby is born. Friends and family offer their congratulations. But then, in the car from the hospital, a deep worry falls over the parents. “How in the world are we going to pay for college?”

It’s true that going to university abroad is a very expensive option. Tuition is much higher than at Chinese universities, and then there are the expenses for room and board.

Tuition at Harvard this year is around $46,000(¥318,700), but when you include student service fees, room, and board, that figure jumps to over S65, 000 a year.

Schools outside the US are a little bit less expensive on average, but they can still empty your wallet. Tuition at Oxford University is at least ¥136,500. The cost of Australia’s University of Melbourne varies a great deal depending on the discipline, but tuition alone will likely set students back ¥148, 500 a year.

These numbers can be really shocking, but don’t worry. Most universities have systems in place to help students pay for their education.

The first thing you should look into is whether or not you are fit for financial aid. While some universities don’t allow international students to apply for aid, many make no distinction.

While most financial aid is “need-based”, meaning that you have to demonstrate that your parents cannot afford to pay the full amount, there are also scholarships based on merit. If you are a math talent or a promising basketball player you might end up going to college free of charge.

Then, there are some scholarships that are designed specifically for Chinese students. The famous Freeman Scholarship at Wesleyan University, for example, is awarded to two Chinese students from Hong Kong and two from the mainland each year.

9．What do American parents often worry about, according to the first paragraph?

A．Their children’s health after leaving the hospital.

B．The stress their children will face at college.

C．How to pay for their children’s college education.

D．The future their children will have after college.

10．What can we learn from Paragraph 6?

A．International students are looked down upon at some universities.

B．Some universities only offer financial aid to local students.

C．International students can’t get financial aid at most universities.

D．There are strict rules about financial aid for international students.

11．Who can receive the Freeman Scholarship?

A．Tony, an American who has applied for financial aid.

B．Susan, a Chinese girl who is gifted in mathematics.

C．Ann, a Japanese girl who plays music.

D．Joe, a Canadian who plays basketball very well.

12．What is the best title of the text?

A．School system in western countries. B．College tuition cost at home and abroad.

C．How to pay for the foreign college education? D．How to apply for financial aid for local students?

【答案】9．C10．B11．B12．C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了出国上大学如何支付学费的问题，介绍了一些名校的学费情况以及可以有助于支付学费的方法。

9．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s practically a scene on American television. A baby is born. Friends and family offer their congratulations. But then, in the car from the hospital, a deep worry falls over the parents. “How in the world are we going to pay for college?”(这几乎是美国电视上的一幕。 一个婴儿出生了。朋友和家人向他表示祝贺。但随后，在从医院出来的车里，父母陷入了深深的担忧。“我们到底要怎么付得起大学学费呢？”)”可知，美国父母经常担心如何支付孩子的大学教育。故选C。

10．细节理解题。根据第六段“The first thing you should look into is whether or not you are fit for financial aid. While some universities don’t allow international students to apply for aid, many make no distinction.(你首先要考虑的是你是否适合申请助学金。虽然有些大学不允许国际学生申请助学金，但许多大学对国际学生一视同仁)”可知，有些大学只给本地学生提供经济援助。故选B。

11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Then, there are some scholarships that are designed specifically for Chinese students. The famous Freeman Scholarship at Wesleyan University, for example, is awarded to two Chinese students from Hong Kong and two from the mainland each year.(此外，还有一些专门为中国学生设计的奖学金。 例如，卫斯理大学著名的弗里曼奖学金每年颁发给两名来自香港的中国学生和两名来自内地的学生)”可推知，在数学方面很有天赋的中国女孩苏珊能获得弗里曼奖学金，故选B。

12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“It’s true that going to university abroad is a very expensive option. Tuition is much higher than at Chinese universities, and then there are the expenses for room and board.(的确，出国上大学是一个非常昂贵的选择。学费比中国大学要高得多，此外还有食宿费)”结合文章主要说明了出国上大学如何支付学费的问题，介绍了一些名校的学费情况以及可以有助于支付学费的方法。可知，C选项“如何支付国外大学教育费用？”最符合文章标题。故选C。

II．语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【2022届安徽省江南十校高三下学期3月一模联考】

China has formally made an ____1____(announce) of its first five national parks of 230,000 square kilometers from Tibet to Hainan, focusing on preservation of its most valuable bio-resources.

Giant Panda National Park will surely be ____2____ hit with the swells of tourists who come yearly for some of the world's cutest animals. ____3____(cover) three provinces of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu, the region is the panda's natural habitat.

The intersection(交汇处) of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces is home to Northeast Chins Tiger and Leopard National Park, which ____4____ (set) out to protect the habitats of those two species since its start. It is the unique area ____5____ live both wild Siberian tigers and Siberian leopards.

China's best-preserved rainforest is in Hainan, the only place in the world____6____(find) the Hainan black-crested gibbon. Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park protects the gibbons and ____7____ (they) environment.

Unlike those three, Wuyishan National Park in Fujian Province and Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focus____8____(much) on preserving multiple animals than ____9____ (specific) protecting one species. They serve various rare and endangered species and conserve biodiversity.

Now, with some tourist programs _____10_____ place, these parks will be a good way for tourists to truly experience the natural originality as well as expansive Chinese landscape.

【答案】1．announcement2．a3．Covering4．has set5．where6．to find7．their8．more9．specifically

10．in

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国第一批五个国家公园的情况及其意义。

1．考查名词。句意：中国正式宣布首批5个国家公园，占地23万平方公里，从西藏到海南，重点保护其最宝贵的生物资源。作宾语，表示“宣布”应用名词announcement，不定冠词提示用单数。故填announcement。

2．考查冠词。句意：大熊猫国家公园肯定会受到每年前来观赏世界上最可爱的动物的大量游客的欢迎。hit此处泛指“受欢迎的事物”应用不定冠词，且hit是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。

3．考查非谓语动词。句意：覆盖四川、陕西和甘肃三省的该地区是大熊猫的自然栖息地。分析句子结构可知cover在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the region构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Covering。

4．考查时态。句意：东北虎豹国家公园位于吉林省和黑龙江省的交界处，自成立以来，该公园就一直致力于保护这两个物种的栖息地。根据后文since its start可知从句用现在完成时，从句谓语与先行词Northeast Chins Tiger and Leopard National Park保持一致，助动词用has。故填has set。

5．考查定语从句。句意：这是一个同时生活着野生东北虎和西伯利亚豹的独特地区。此处为定语从句修饰先行词area，从句为倒装句，关系副词where在从句中作状语，相当于in this area。故填where。

6．考查非谓语动词。句意：海南是中国保存最完好的热带雨林，也是世界上唯一能找到海南黑冠长臂猿的地方。place前有the only修饰，后面的定语用to do形式，为固定搭配。故填to find。

7．考查代词。句意：海南热带雨林国家公园保护着长臂猿和它们的生存环境。修饰后文名词environment应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。

8．考查比较级。句意：与上述三个国家公园不同，福建的武夷山国家公园和青藏高原的三江源国家公园更注重保护多种动物，而不是专门保护一个物种。结合后文than可知应用much的比较级形式。故填more。

9．考查副词。句意：与上述三个国家公园不同，福建的武夷山国家公园和青藏高原的三江源国家公园更注重保护多种动物，而不是专门保护一个物种。修饰后文动词protect应用副词specifically，作状语。故填specifically。

10．考查介词。句意：现在，随着一些旅游项目准备就绪，这些公园将是游客真正体验自然原创性和广阔的中国景观的好方式。结合句意表示“准备就绪”可知短语为in place。故填in。

III．书面表达

1.应用文写作【福建省泉州市2021-2022学年高中毕业班质量监测（二）】假定你是李华，你校学生英语报正在举办“热爱劳动”为主题的征文活动。请你以“One of My Laboring Experiences”为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：

1. 劳动体验；

2. 感受。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为80左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

One of My Laboring Experiences

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】One of My Laboring Experiences

On May Day, my classmates and I went to the neighborhood park to do some voluntary work, which was to weed the park.

At 9:00 am. we got together in the park. We were divided into three groups and began to weed. Some students weed with a sickle, some cut it with a shovel, and others even pulled the grass with their hands. While we were doing that, some tourists came to praise us, which made us more than proud. Dirty and tired, all of us were happy very much.

【解析】本文是应用文。要求考生以“One of My Laboring Experiences”为题写一篇短文投稿。

1.词汇积累

去某地：went to→set out for

组，群：group→part

非常：more than→very much

骄傲：proud→take pride

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：Dirty and tired, all of us were happy very much.

拓展句：Though we were dirty and tired, all of us were happy very much.

[高分句型1]On May Day, my classmates and I went to the neighborhood park to do some voluntary work, which was to weed the park.（由which引导的非限制性定语从句）

[高分句型2]While we were doing that, some tourists came to praise us, which made us more than proud.（由While引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）

2.读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

The old man turned away sadly as his eyes were filled with tears. “Poor Mr. Dev…,”thought Indra sympathetically. Another day went past and there was still no sign of his family. Indra wondered how children could be so careless as to lose a parent like this.

Indra recalled the day the old man was admitted to her ward. He was thin and weak. He could not produce his identity card but he claimed he remembered the number. The hospital tried to contact hig family using the phone number he offered but it was in vain. Mr. Dev was treated for a lung infection and was now recovering. Soon, it would be time for him to be discharged (出院). Where would he go then? He did not look strong enough to live independentiy. Indra thtew down the file she was holding as anger rose within her.

“What's the matter?” asked Poh, Indra's colleague. “I'm just upset about old Mr. Dev,” Indra replied. Poh nodded with understanding. As a more experienced nurse, she had seen many similar cases and learned to control her feelings.

“Don’t worry too much. The hospital has contacted the civil - administration department (民政部门) and offered the information about the missing man, Mr. Dev will be placed in an old folks'home if no one comes to pick him up.” Poh said, patting Indra's arm comfortingly. Indra sighed. “I know. Its just that he eagerly expects his family to visit him. He cleans and tidies himself every morning and sits up to wait expectantly. You can see the eagerness in his eyes whenever the door opens. At the end offte day he goes to sleep with tears in his eyes. It makes me cry inside.”

Poh shook her head sadly. “He needs a miracle (奇迹).”

A few days later, the doctor confirmed that Mr. Dev was fit enough to be discharged. Indra was informed that an administrator had been waiting downstairs, ready to take Mr. Dev to an old folks'home.With a heavy heart, Indra helped Mr. Dev to get ready.

注意:

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

He was still a bit weak, so Indra rolled a wheelchair to bring him downstairs.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“Papa!”, a shaking voice cried out from a middle-aged woman when the lift doors opened.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】He was still a bit weak, so Indra rolled a wheelchair to bring him downstairs. As always, the ward was neat and tidy, and the old fellow's eyes of expectations were fixed on the door. “Time to go, Mr. Dev...” Indra said, helped him sit down and pushed the wheelchair into the lift carefully.Her eyes were misty when she saw how sad the old man looked. She bent over and wiped his tears gently with a handkerchief. “Everything would be fine,” she reassured him. Then the flashing light indicated they were arriving at the ground level.

“Papa!” , a shaking voice cried out from a middle aged woman when the lift doors opened. She rushed forward and hugged the old man in the wheelchair. Both of them began to weep. Indra smiled through her tears. She later learnt that the daughter had just contacted the civil - administration department, where she got news about her missing father.Mr.Dev's eager expeclation had been answered. It was the miracle she had prayed for. Indra left the scene of the reunion and went to look for the administrator. She was eager to share with him the "bad" news that his trip to collect Mr.Dev was a wasted one.

【解析】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了德夫老人住院一直都没有亲人找过来，在康复后要被送去养老院的最后时刻，女儿终于赶了过来，亲人团聚的故事

1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“他还是有点虚弱，所以因陀罗推着轮椅带他下楼.”可知，第一段可描写因陀罗送老德夫先生下楼时的场景。

②由第二段首句内容““爸爸！”电梯门打开时，一位中年妇女用颤抖的声音喊道。”可知，第二段可描德夫老人的女儿在最后阶段赶来，得以和亲人团聚。

2.续写线索：送老人下楼——最后的期待——女儿赶到——亲人团聚——急切分享

3.词汇激活

行为类

帮助：help/assist

推轮椅：push the wheelchair / roll the wheelchair

到达：arrive/get to/reach

情绪类

悲伤：sad /sorrowful

急切：be eager to do/be keen to do

[高分句型1]. Her eyes were misty when she saw how sad the old man looked.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句以及how引导的宾语从句）

[高分句型2]. She later learnt that the daughter had just contacted the civil - administration department, where she got news about her missing father. （运用了that引导的宾语从句以及where引导的非限制性定语从句）