专题03 阅读理解I 主旨大意题 考点2 概括文章大意 2022年英语二轮复习讲 练 测 -练案

专题03 阅读理解I 主旨大意题 

考点2  概括文章大意--讲•练•测---练案

时间：30分钟  满分：30

1.D【新疆昌吉州2022届高三下学期高考适应性第一次诊断性测试】

"We aim to be the most customer-addicted company in the world," declares the opening line in the 700-page booklet from Kuaishou, a Chinese video app. The firm's revenues（收入）have skyrocketed in recent years, reaching 25 billion yuan in the first six months of 2020, which mostly equals to that of the whole 2019.

However successful it is, two threats are around the corner. The first comes from China's increasingly strict regulators. In November they ordered that video apps like Kuaishou set daily and monthly limits on the amount that users can tip live-streamers.

Douyin, TikTok's Chinese sister app and Kuaishou's strongest competitor, is better separated from the regulatory stress. Like Kuaishou, it operates a live-streaming business; but unlike its competitor, it earns most of its revenues from online adverts.

For comparison, adverts accounted for just 28% of Kuaishou's revenue mix in the first half of 2020. The company may now try to raise that share. To do so Kuaishou will have to overcome the out-of-date opinion that its users are mainly folks living in small cities and rural areas with less money to buy advertised products.

The second threat is the possibility for a price war between Kuaishou and Douyin. For both platforms, their video content whose quality depends on the gift of the broadcaster behind it plays a significant part in attracting users. Therefore, a race to the bottom begins and each firm lowers its "take rate"（提成率）on tips and adverts sales to attract popular broadcasters from other apps, though it would decrease profits.

Despite its home challenges, Kuaishou is aiming to open its global market. But it still lacks the fame of Tik Tok, though that may prove to be a lucky thing.

1．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Douyin earns money mostly from online adverts.

B．Kuaishou is good at avoiding the regulatory stress

C．Kuaishou's revenue doubled in 2020 compared with 2019

D．Douyin will certainly make more money in the near future.

2．How does Kuaishou earn profits?

A．From online adverts.

B．From selling products.

C．From "take rate" on tips and adverts sales.

D．From getting tips from customers.

3．What's the author's attitude to Kuaishou's competition with Douyin?

A．supportive B．objective

C．negative D．optimistic

4．What's the main idea of the passage?

A．The challenges Kuaishou are facing.

B．Kuaishou's threat to Douyin.

C．Kuaishou's way to the global market.

D．The competition between Kuaishou and Douyin.

【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．A

【解析】本文是说明文。文章说明了一个中国视频应用程序快手面临的两大挑战。

1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Douyin, TikTok's Chinese sister app and Kuaishou's strongest competitor, is better separated from the regulatory stress. Like Kuaishou, it operates a live-streaming business; but unlike its competitor, it earns most of its revenues from online adverts.(抖音，TikTok的中国姊妹应用程序，快手最强大的竞争对手，已经更好地摆脱了监管压力。和快手一样，它经营着直播业务；但与竞争对手不同的是，它的大部分收入来自在线广告)” 可知，抖音的大部分收入来自在线广告。故选A。

2．细节理解题。文章第四段中提到“For comparison, adverts accounted for just 28% of Kuaishou's revenue mix in the first half of 2020.（相比之下，在2020年上半年，广告收入只占快手总收入的28%。）”；第五段中提到“Therefore, a race to the bottom begins and each firm lowers its "take rate"（提成率）on tips and adverts sales to attract popular broadcasters from other apps, though it would decrease profits.（因此，一场触底的竞争开始了，每家公司都降低小费和广告销售的“提成率”，以从其他应用程序中吸引受欢迎的广播人员，尽管这会减少利润。）”。由此可知，快手是通过从小费和广告销售的“提成率”里获取利润的。故选C。

3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中提到的“Douyin, TikTok's Chinese sister app and Kuaishou's strongest competitor, is better separated from the regulatory stress. Like Kuaishou, it operates a live-streaming business; but unlike its competitor, it earns most of its revenues from online adverts.(抖音，TikTok的中国姊妹应用程序，快手最强大的竞争对手，已经更好地摆脱了监管压力。和快手一样，它经营着直播业务；但与竞争对手不同的是，它的大部分收入来自在线广告)”；和第五段中提到“The second threat is the possibility for a price war between Kuaishou and Douyin.（第二个威胁是抖音与快手之间发生价格战的可能性。）”可知，作者说明了快手和抖音的类似之处和不同之处，以及快手和抖音之间可能爆发价格战。由此可以推断，作者客观地分析了快手与抖音之间的竞争。故选B。

4．主旨大意题。文章第二段首句提到“However successful it is, two threats are around the corner. The first comes from China's increasingly strict regulators.( 无论它多么成功，都有两种威胁即将来临。第一个来自中国日益严格的监管机构)”可知快手面临两大威胁；第一个威胁来自中国日益严格的监管机构；文章第五段中提到“The second threat is the possibility for a price war between Kuaishou and Douyin.（第二个威胁是抖音与快手之间发生价格战的可能性。）”，可知，快手面临的第二个威胁是和抖音之间可能爆发的价格战。由此可知，文章主要是说明快手面临的两大挑战。故选A。

2.A【天津市滨海新区七所重点学校2022届高三毕业班联考】

Still seeking a destination for your weekend break? There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college.

King's Art Centre

A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on show anywhere. This weekend tees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists.

You could attend a class teaching you how to 'learn from the masters' or get more creative with paint ---- free of charge.

The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.

The Botanic Garden

The Garden has over 8,000 plant species; it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University.

The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive. The African plant produces red flowers above blue-green leaves, and is not one to miss.

Get to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula, a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animals.

The Garden is also a place for wildlife-enthusiasts. Look for grass snakes in the lake. A snake called 'Hissing Sid' is regularly seen lying in the heat of the warm sun.

Byron's Pool

Many stories surround Lord Byron's time as a student of Cambridge University, Arriving in 1805, he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of "mess and drunkenness". However, it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough. I'm not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his roans. He spent a great deal of time walking in the village.

It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake, which is now known as Byron's Pool. A couple of miles past Grantchester in the south Cambridgeshire countryside, the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields. The cries of invisible birds make the trip a lovely experience and on the way home you can drop into the village for afternoon tea. If you don't trust me, then perhaps you’ll take it from Virginia Woolf- ----over a century after Byron, she reportedly took a trip to swim in the same pool.

5．As mentioned in the passage, there is a small charge for_____.

A．attending the masters' class B．working with local artists

C．learning life drawing D．seeing an exhibition

6．We can infer from the passage that Byron seemed_____.

A．to fear pet bears B．to like walking

C．to be a heavy drinker D．to finish university in 1805

7．In the passage Byron's Pool is described as a lake_____.

A．surrounded by fields

B．owned by Lord Byron

C．located in Grantchester

D．discovered by Virginia Woolf

8．What is the passage mainly about?

A．Some places for weekend break

B．A way to become creative in art.

C．The colourful life in the countryside.

D．Unknown stories of Cambridge University.

【答案】5．C6．B7．A8．A

【解析】本文属于应用文。文章中提供了三则广告，让大学生的周末假期过得有意义，提供给了大学生们休闲的地方．

5．细节理解题。根据第一则广告的The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.可知该中心还开办了两个生活绘画班，收费很低。故可知学习写生需要一些费用。选C。

6．推理判断题。由倒数第二段的He spent a great deal of time walking in the village一句可知Byron喜欢散步。选B。

7．细节理解题。由文章最后一段第二句中的…the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the field可知Byron’s Pool是被田包围的湖。选A。

8．主旨大意题。由根据文章首句"Still seeking a destination for your weekend break？There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college．(还在为你的周末假期寻找一个目的地吗？也许有些地方离你的大学只有一步之遥)"可知，这三则广告都是提供给大学生周末休闲的。选A。

3.D【湖南省郴州市2022届高三第一次教学质量监测】

The herd of 14 wild Asian elephants wandering around in southwestern China's Yunnan province successfully went through the last natural barrier on its way home and returned to its traditional habitat in Pu' er city on Friday.

At 1 am, the elephants, which had left their habitat in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, crossed the Babian River and entered Ning'er county in Pu' er city, one of the three major habitats of Asian elephants in Yunnan. The northbound trip, lasting about 18 months, finally ended without any harm to either the elephants or local residents. The herd departed from its traditional habitat in Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous district last year and started traveling north in April. It passed through eight counties in the province during the journey. In June, it eventually reached the suburbs of Kunming, the provincial capital.

The herd started its journey with 16 members, but three of them dropped out, while two calves were born on the journey. In June, a bull elephant broke away from the group and wandered off on his own. In July, the bull elephant was lifted into a cage on the back of a truck and returned to Xishuangbanna.

The Asian elephant is listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The animal, which can be found in the areas of Yunnan bordering Myanmar and Laos, is also under first-class State protection in China. Shen Qingzhong, a senior engineer from the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, said it's inevitable（难免的）that the elephants will make another journey in the future as migration is a normal activity for elephants. “Historically, Asian elephants used to live in many parts of the country. Migration is in their nature. It helps the species expand its territory and have more chances to improve its gene pool by mating with different groups,” he said.

The forestry department and the provincial government plan to develop a national park, which aims to provide habitat protection for the elephants and a balanced relationship with residents.

9．Which of the following is True?

A．The elephants finally settled in the downtown of Kunming.

B．The journey took the elephants over two years.

C．The elephants' habitat is far away from Kunming.

D．The elephants moved towards the south of Yunnan.

10．In June, how many elephants continued their journey together?

A．13. B．14.

C．15. D．16.

11．What can we infer from the engineer's words?

A．Elephants can benefit from migration.

B．Migration is an abnormal activity for elephants.

C．Elephants have less chances to improve their gene.

D．Elephants used to live in its territory.

12．What does the article mainly talk about?

A．Elephants in Yunnan. B．How to protect the elephants.

C．The activities of the elephants. D．Elephants return from the journey.

【答案】9．C10．B11．A12．D

【解析】本文是说明文。为防范北移离群独象进入玉溪市人群密集区域，造成公共安全风险，北移离群独象已安全转移至其原栖息地--西双版纳国家级自然保护区饲养片区。

9．细节理解题。根据第二段“The northbound trip, lasting about 18 months, finally ended without any harm to either the elephants or local residents. ”（这次向北的旅行持续了18个月，最终在没有对大象和当地居民造成任何伤害的情况下结束。）得知，大象的栖息地离昆明很远。故选C。

10．细节理解题。根据第三段“The herd started its journey with 16 members, but three of them dropped out, while two calves were born on the journey. In June, a bull elephant broke away from the group and wandered off on his own. In July, the bull elephant was  lifted into a cage on the back of a truck and returned to Xishuangbanna.”（群一开始有16个成员，但其中3个退出了，而在旅途中出生了两只小象。6月，一头公象离开了大象群，独自走了。今年7月，这头公象被抬进卡车后面的一个笼子，回到了西双版纳。）得知，6月里，14头大象继续一起旅行。故选B。

11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“. Shen Qingzhong, a senior engineer from the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, said it's inevitable（难免的）that the elephants will make another journey in the future as migration is a normal activity for elephants. “Historically,   Asian elephants used to live in many parts of the country. Migration is in their nature. It helps the species expand its territory and have more chances to improve its gene pool by mating with different groups,” he said. ”（高级工程师沈庆中从西双版纳国家级自然保护区,说这是不可避免的,大象将会使未来迁移的另一个旅程是大象的正常活动。“从历史上看，亚洲象曾经生活在这个国家的许多地方。迁徙是它们的天性。通过与不同群体的交配，这有助于该物种扩大领地，并有更多机会改善基因库。”他说。）得知，大象可以从迁徙中获益。故选A。

12．细节理解题。根据第一段“The herd of 14 wild Asian elephants wandering around in southwestern China's Yunnan province successfully went through the last natural barrier on its way home and returned to its traditional habitat in Pu' er city on Friday. ”（周五，在中国西南部云南省流浪的14头野生亚洲象成功地穿越了最后一道自然屏障，回到了普洱市的传统栖息地。）得知，本文讲述了大象从旅途中归来。故选D。

4.A【辽宁省锦州市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末】

To most of us, school means classes, teachers, schedules, grades, and tests. But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts, school is very different.

Firstly, there are no lessons. All the children, aged between 4 and 19, do whatever they want.

There are no teachers-only “staff members”. The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn, because children want to learn anyway. “You do not need to say to a three-year-old child ‘Go explore your environment. “You can't stop them!” says Daniel Greenberg, a founder of the school. “But if you make children do what you want all day, they will lose all taste for learning.”

At Sudbury Valley School, you will allow children to talk, read, paint, cook, work on computers, study French, play the piano, climb trees or just run around. Two boys spent three years just fishing!

The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules.

Every week, there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each —even the four-year-olds. They decide the school rules, how to spend the school budget, and even which staff they want and do not want any more.

When the school first opened in 1968, people said it would never work. But today, the school has 200 students, and 80% of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today. One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist.

13．What does the school believe according to this passage?

A．Teachers cannot teach children Well.

B．Children learn best when they do what they want

C．Learning is for adults -children should only play.

D．Children should only learn about one thing at a time.

14．What does Daniel Greenberg say about three-year-olds?

A．They love learning. B．They are very patient.

C．They want to be outside all the time. D．They are too young to learn anything

15．What happens to the children after they leave this school?

A．Some of them are unique. B．They have unexpected problems.

C．They usually do very good job. D．All of them are not successful.

16．What's this passage mainly about?

A．Children's hobbies. B．An unusual school

C．A school without rules. D．Education in the US.

【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一家提倡“自主学习”的学校，此类型学校基本理念为民主式管理和自由式教育，教学特点为弱化班级概念，混合年龄，以及学生、教员完全平等的民主式管理。学校认为学生学习无需定式，学习完全可以在任何的日常活动中进行，学生应自主决定学习方式和人生方向。

13．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段中“All the children, aged between 4 and 19, do whatever they want.”（所有的孩子，年龄在4岁到19岁之间，想做什么就做什么。）以及第三段中该校创始人之一Daniel Greenberg所说“But if you make children do what you want all day, they will lose all taste for learning.”（但如果你让孩子们整天做你想做的事，他们就会失去学习的兴趣。）可知，学校倡导学生“自主学习”，认为在孩子们做他们想做的事情时，他们学得最好。故选B项。

14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn, because children want to learn anyway.”（这背后的想法是，你不需要迫使孩子学习，因为孩子无论如何都想学习。）可知，学习是每个孩子的天性。所以Daniel Greenberg 所说的“You do not need to say to a three-year-old child ‘Go explore your environment.’”以及“You can't stop them!”意思是三岁的孩子热爱学习。故选A项。

15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But today, the school has 200 students, and 80% of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today.”（但现在，这所学校有200名学生，80%的学生会上大学。就连那两个一直去钓鱼的男孩今天也事业有成。）可知，这所学校的学生通常做得很好。故选C项。

16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“To most of us, school means classes, teachers, schedules, grades, and tests. But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts, school is very different.”（对我们大多数人来说，学校意味着上课、老师、时间表、成绩和考试。但对马萨诸塞州Sudbury Valley学校的孩子们来说，学校非常不同。）可知，本文主要介绍了一所不同寻常的学校。故选B项。

5.B【辽宁省实验中学2021届高三上学期期末】

From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.

However, Venus was not regarded as an ideal place because of its hot temperature and dry atmosphere. But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life.

On Sept 14, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada announced that scientists have detected phosphine (磷化氢) in the clouds of Venus. Phosphine is a colorless, poisonous gas that has a smell of garlic. Though poisonous, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.

“I was very surprised, in fact,” astronomer Jane Greaves of Cardiff University in Wales and lead author of the research, told MSN. “There is a chance that we have detected some kind of living organism in the clouds of Venus.”

This layer of clouds is about 48 kilometers above the Venus surface, with its temperature ranging from 30 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit (about -1 to 93 ºC). Scientists have concluded that if life exists on Venus, the clouds are likely the only place where it would survive.

Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus’ clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites (陨石) falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus’ clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.

Although the detection of phosphine is not solid evidence for life, this finding is great enough to change scientists’ view on Venus, which is thought to be a completely inhospitable (不适合居住的) planet.

17．What is the text mainly about?

A．A newly detected gas may indicate possible existence of life on Venus.

B．Scientists found the best place on Venus for humans to live.

C．The environment on Venus changed in favor of life.

D．Phosphine formed on Venus means alien life is present.

18．What can we learn about phosphine from the text?

A．It has no smell at all.

B．It only exists on Venus.

C．It can be produced by microorganisms.

D．It is a sign of the existence of oxygen.

19．What can we infer from paragraphs 4 and 5?

A．Various living organisms have been detected on Venus.

B．The higher the cloud is above Venus, the warmer it is.

C．The clouds are rich in phosphine.

D．If life exists on Venus, it is likely in the clouds.

20．What did scientists conclude about the phosphine gas detected on Venus?

A．It could be formed as a result of the falling of meteorites.

B．It could be a sign that there is life in Venus’ clouds.

C．It could be caused by volcanoes and lightning strikes.

D．It proves that Venus is another habitable planet.

【答案】17．A18．C19．D20．B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新探测到的气体可能表明金星上可能存在生命。

17．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.”（从月球到火星，几十年来，科学家们一直在太阳系中寻找外星生命。）和文章第三段“On Sept 14, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada announced that scientists have detected phosphine in the clouds of Venus.”（9月14日，加拿大皇家天文学会(Roya Astronomical Society of Canada)宣布，科学家们在金星的云层中检测到了磷化氢。）以及文章第五段“Scientists have concluded that if life exists on Venus, the clouds are likely the only place where it would survive.”（科学家们得出结论，如果金星上存在生命，那么云团可能是生命存在的唯一地方。）可知，文章主要讲述了一种新探测到的气体可能表明金星上可能存在生命。故选A。

18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Phosphine is a colorless, poisonous gas that has a smell of garlic. Though poisonous, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.”（磷化氢是一种无色的有毒气体，有大蒜的气味。虽然有毒，但它被视为可能存在生命的迹象，因为在地球上，这种气体是由生活在无氧环境中的微生物产生的。）可知，它可以由微生物产生。故选C。

19．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Scientists have concluded that if life exists on Venus, the clouds are likely the only place where it would survive.”（科学家们得出结论，如果金星上存在生命，那么云团可能是生命存在的唯一地方。）可推知，如果金星上有生命存在，那很可能是在云中。故选D。

20．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus’ clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites (陨石) falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus’ clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.”（科学家们研究了所有可能导致金星云层中磷化氢气体形成的可能性，包括火山爆发、闪电、坠入大气层的小陨石。但他们都排除了。据《今日美国》报道，得出的结论是，除了生命的存在，无法解释金星云层中这种气体的存在。）可知，这可能是金星云层中存在生命的迹象。故选B。