专题03 阅读理解I 主旨大意题 考点3 总结段落大意 2022年英语二轮复习讲 练 测 -测案

专题03阅读理解I 主旨大意题 

考点3  总结段落大意--讲•练•测---测案

时间：45分钟  满分：50

I.阅读理解（概括文章大意）

A

【湖北省新高考联考协作体2021-2022学年高三上学期12月联考】

A magic number is mentioned again and again during the climate talks in Glasgow, Scotland, 1.5℃.

It is a big number now but it wasn’t a major part of negotiations just seven years ago. The figure was put in near the end of negotiations into the historic 2015 Paris agreement because some small island nations insisted that it was a matter of survival for them. It is mentioned only once in the agreement, in which the primary goal is to limit warming to 2℃ above pre industrial levels. 1.5℃ is just a political suggestion.

“The 2℃ was chosen because it is the warmest temperature that the planet has ever seen in the last million years. To reach the goal, scientists say the world needs to cut its current greenhouse gas emissions (排放) by about half as of 2030,” said climate scientist Corinne LeQuere, who helped write the Paris agreement, “And the number is not another 1.5℃ from now. Instead, it stands for the international goal of trying to limit future warming to 1.5℃ since pre-industrial times. It’s actually only 0.4℃from now because the world has warmed 1.1℃ since pre-industrial times.”

After the Paris agreement threw in the 1.5 figure, the United Nations tasked the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to study what difference there would be on Earth between 1.5℃ of warming and 2℃ of warming. The 2018 IPCC report found that compared to 2℃, stopping warming at 1.5℃ would mean: 1) Seas would rise nearly 0.1 meters less; 2) Half as many animals and plants would die out; 3) There would be far fewer heat waves, downpours and droughts; 4) Half as many people would suffer from diseases, heat and lack of water.

“And we have more scientific evidence than ever that it gets worse and worse as we exceed (超过) beyond 1.5.” said Corinne LeQuere.

“It’s technically possible to limit global warming to 1.5℃. but I think it is close to politically impossible in the real world.” said Columbia University climate scientist Adam Sobel.

“As hard as it is. negotiators can’t give up on 1.5,” said Elizabeth May, one of the climate activists who demand that the world leaders keep 1.5℃ alive. “If we don’t hang on to 1.5 while it is technically possible, we are almost criminals.”

1．What can be learned about the 1.5℃ target?

A．It was suggested by the United Nations before 2015.

B．It is one of the major goals in the Paris agreement.

C．It is just a political suggestion adopted by negotiators.

D．It can be achieved by cutting current emissions by half.

2．How much can Earth still be heated up within the 2℃ limit?

A．0.4℃. B．0.9℃. C．1.1℃. D．1.6℃.

3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A．The consequences of the global warming.

B．The scientific evidence of the global warming.

C．The possible reduction of losses and damages.

D．The serious challenges for small island countries.

4．What does Elizabeth May mean concerning limiting global warming to 1.5℃?

A．It is technically impossible. B．World leaders should stop talking.

C．Scientists should do more. D．We should aim to the stricter target.

【答案】1．C2．B3．C4．D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了《巴黎气候协定》中提到的大气温升控制目标的真正含义及实现的难度。

1．细节理解题。根据第二段“1.5℃ is just a political suggestion.”（1.5℃只是一个政治建议。）可知，在《巴黎气候协定》中，1.5℃只是与会者的政治宣示而已，意在安抚一些岛国。故选C项。

2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The 2℃ was chosen because it is the warmest temperature that the planet has ever seen in the last million years.”（之所以选择2℃，是因为这是地球在过去100万年中所见过的最高温度。）以及“It’s actually only 0.4℃from now because the world has warmed 1.1℃ since pre-industrial times.””（实际上，从现在开始气温只上升了0.4摄氏度，因为自前工业时代以来，全球气温上升了1.1摄氏度。”）可知，大气温度上升的实际空间只有2-1.1=0.9（℃）。因为2℃是以工业化以前的大气温度为基线的；而知从那时起，大气温度已经累计上升了1.1℃。故选B项。

3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“The 2018 IPCC report found that compared to 2℃, stopping warming at 1.5℃ would mean: 1) Seas would rise nearly 0.1 meters less; 2) Half as many animals and plants would die out; 3) There would be far fewer heat waves, downpours and droughts; 4) Half as many people would suffer from diseases, heat and lack of water.”（IPCC 2018年的报告发现，与2摄氏度相比，在1.5摄氏度停止升温意味着：1)海平面上升将减少近0.1米；比实际少一半的动物和植物将会灭绝；3)将会有更少的热浪，暴雨和干旱；比实际少一半的人会遭受疾病、炎热和缺水的折磨。）及细节中的关键词less, fewer及Half as many可知，本段主要是说明如果能把大气温升控制在1.5℃以内将可能减少的灾害损失。故选C项。

4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“If we don’t hang on to 1.5 while it is technically possible, we are almost criminals.”（如果我们在技术上可行的时候不坚持1.5，我们几乎就是罪犯。）可知，Elizabeth May认为，既然技术上可行，如果我们不提高标准那将是犯罪行为。言外之意是我们应该严格践行这一目标。故选D项。

B

【河北省衡水中学2021-2022学年高三年级上学期六调考试】

If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline.

At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn’t do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of websites. They rarely check it, though.

Today’s instant electronic memos—such as texting and online messages—are more direct, more concentrated, and more efficient. They go without the salutation (称呼语) and the signoff (签收); we already know the “to” and “from”. Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read—and respond to—on the go.

The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convenience to people. They can deal with them at about any time：before a movie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they’re suitable for smart phone typing.

Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily. E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral—you read them，and then they’re gone, into an endless string. E-mail still feels like something you have and that you can file, search and return to later. It’s easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, and longer explanations.

So, e-mail won’t go away completely. Remember, we’ve been through a transition (过渡) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That’s not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old ones completely; it just adds new alternatives.

5．What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?

A．Check bank accounts. B．Send short messages.

C．Fill in some forms. D．Communicate with their colleagues.

6．Which of the following is mainly discussed in paragraphs 3 and 4?

A．The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail.

B．The likes and dislikes of the young generation.

C．The rapid development of e-communication channels.

D．Evidence of the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages.

7．What does the underlined word “ephemeral” in paragraph 5 mean?

A．Automatically-sending. B．Randomly-written.

C．Hardly-recognized. D．Short-lived.

8．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A．It’s too early to determine the decline of e-mail.

B．E-mail has reasons to exist with its own advantages.

C．E-mail, just like postal mail, has come to its end.

D．We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.

【答案】5．C6．A7．D8．B

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了电子邮件是否会消亡的问题。通过分析，我们知道电子邮件不太可能会完全从这个世界舞台退出。

5．推理判断题。根据第二段“They use it only as we would use a fax machine：as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of websites.(他们使用它就像我们使用传真机一样：作为一种与老一辈人（比如他们的父母）交流的方式，或者是为了满足网站的注册要求)”可知，新一代年轻人可能会用电子邮件来满足网站的注册要求，可能会用电子邮件处理一些表格。故选C项。

6．主旨大意题。结合第三段首句“Today’s instant electronic memos—such as texting and online messages—are more direct, more concentrated, and more efficient.(今天的即时电子备忘录，如短信和在线信息，更直接、更集中、更高效)”可知，本段主要谈论了短信和在线消息更直接、更集中、更高效，结合第四段首句“The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail.(移动时代的到来是电子邮件衰落的原因)”可知，本段谈论了智能手机的便利，由此可知第三、四段主要谈论了电子邮件衰落的原因。故选A项。

7．词句猜测题。破折号后“you read them and then they’re gone(你读过它们，然后它们就消失了)”是对画线词的补充和解释，由此可知，画线词意为“短暂的”。故选D项。

8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“E-mail still has certain advantages.(电子邮件有特定的优势)”谈电子邮件的优势及最后一段首句“So，e-mail won’t go away completely.(所以，电子邮件不会完全消失)”可知，电子邮件不会彻底消失，它有理由凭自己的优势继续存在。故选B项。

C

【河南省焦作市普通高中2021-2022学年高三年级第一次模拟】

Internal communication, also known as IC, refers to a group of processes responsible for effective circulation of message within an organization. These messages are information that is valuable to the organization and are supposed to be kept confidential(机密的). The means of transferring this information is often done through emails, letters, notice boards, and even with the help of social media like Skype, Zoom, and Google Meet, in the current times.

Honest internal communication is the healthiest way to keep your organization growing. With honesty around the workplace, it is a safer environment for the employees to voice their opinions which could help in the modification of a certain operation that might have been outdated. Other than changes, not opening up to your colleagues can result in frustration and give rise to “gossip culture” at the workplace. When information is not passed out with lucidity, not only does the quality of work get affected but it also gives rise to questioning the worth of the time spent in the company.

An atmosphere of honesty also encourages growth in responsibility, leadership, and self-accountability. If the CEO of a company voices the shortcomings of his team in a respectful manner, it would bring room for each and every employee to take it on a positive note and bring around the change for the one common goal of development of the company that they are working for. This brings a lot of change in the attitude of every individual employee since they start seeing the company that they are working for as an asset that they cherish (珍爱) dearly.

In a workplace, things go both wrong and right, so it is important to both appreciate and criticize when such situations occur from the end of both the leadership and the employees. The positives should be celebrated while the negatives should be taken as positive criticisms that could help the company grow into something better. The main goal of unity and development should always be kept in mind.

9．Which is considered one main character of IC?

A．It comes with the times of social media. B．It exists within the leadership of a company.

C．It is often kept secret within an organization. D．It needs a long and difficult process in most cases.

10．What does the underlined word “lucidity” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Clearness. B．Appreciation. C．Authority. D．Assistance.

11．What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．The main responsibilities of the CEO. B．The importance of unity for a company.

C．The advantage of a powerful leadership. D．The role of an honest leadership in a company.

12．What does the author suggest to us in a workplace in the last paragraph?

A．Communicating both the positives and the negatives.

B．Taking responsibilities bravely for our mistakes.

C．Trying all possible means to avoid the negatives.

D．Strengthening unity mainly among the employees.

【答案】9．C10．A11．D12．A

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以内部沟通为话题，讲述了其对于公司，个人，领到以及员工的重要意义。诚实的内部沟通是保持组织成长的最健康的方式，诚实的氛围也鼓励责任感、领导力和自我责任感的增长，因此，在沟通过程中，应该正确对待信息，无论好坏。

9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Internal communication, also known as IC, refers to a group of processes responsible for effective circulation of message within an organization. These messages are information that is valuable to the organization and are supposed to be kept confidential.(内部沟通，也被称为IC，指的是组织内部负责信息有效传播的一组过程。 这些信息是对组织有价值的信息，应该保密。)”可知，内部沟通中的信息应该是有价值的，被保密的。由此可知，“在内部沟通中，消息被保密”是其特点之一。故选C项。

10．词义猜测题。根据后文“not only does the quality of work get affected but it also gives rise to questioning the worth of the time spent in the company(这不仅会影响工作质量，还会让人质疑在公司花的时间是否值得)”可知，“When information is not passed out with lucidity”造成的结果并不好，造成这样的结果应该是内部沟通中的信息没有得到清楚的传达。由此可推知，“lucidity”应是“清楚；明确”含义，与选项A“Clearness.(清楚明确。)”表达含义一致。故选A项。

11．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第三段内容可知，首句“An atmosphere of honesty also encourages growth in responsibility, leadership, and self-accountability.(诚实的氛围也鼓励责任感、领导力和自我责任感的增长。)”为主旨句，并在后文用公司CEO举例具体讲述了诚实的领导能够在公司发挥积极的作用。D项“The role of an honest leadership in a company.(诚实的领导在公司中的作用。)”符合该段主旨。故选D项。

12．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“In a workplace, things go both wrong and right, so it is important to both appreciate and criticize when such situations occur from the end of both the leadership and the employees.(在工作场所，事情有好有坏，所以当这种情况发生时，无论是领导还是员工，欣赏和批评都是很重要的。)”可知，在作者看来，工作中，事情有好有坏，就会有欣赏和批评。由此可推知，作者应是建议在工作中应该诚实地传达信息，无论好坏，即，同时传达积极和消极的信息。故选A项。

II．语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【广东省梅州市2021-2022学年高三下学期2月总复习质检（一模）】

As a nature photographer, I have to brave the wind and the rain, but I still enjoy working outside in the wild. I enjoy observing animals in their ____1____ (nature) environment.

Last spring, I followed a path that took me through ____2____ dark forest. When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which ____3____ (reflect) in the still lake below. While I was concentrated on photographing this ____4____ (amaze) thing, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.____5____(slow) and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned …and froze. Only meters away from me was a bear. With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at ____6____ (I). Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see ____7____ would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow I forced my finger ____8____ (press) the button. A second later, the bear turned and ran back into the forest. When I recovered ____9____ the shock, I looked at my camera. My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.

From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals. It is after all we who are the _____10_____ (visitor) to their world.

【答案】1．natural2．a3．were reflected4．amazing5．Slowly6．me7．who8．to press9．from10．visitors

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名自然摄影师，在野外拍摄时，偶遇一只熊的惊险故事。

1．考查形容词。句意：我喜欢在自然环境中观察动物。根据后文名词environment可知，此处应用nature的形容词修饰名词，作定语。故填natural。

2．考查冠词。句意：去年春天，我沿着一条小径穿过一片黑暗的森林。此处可数名词forest是可数名词单数概念，故用不定冠词限定，因所连接的单词dark以辅音音素开头，故填a。

3．考查时态和语态。句意：一只鹰飞过白雪皑皑的群山，群山倒映在下面平静的湖面上。谓语动词reflect和主语之间是被动关系，根据前文flew可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态，非限制性定语从句引导词which替代先行词mountains作主语，为复数，主谓一致，故填were reflected。

4．考查形容词。句意：当我集中精力拍摄这一惊人的事情时，我突然有一种被监视的感觉。根据后文名词thing可知，此处应用amaze以ing结尾的形容词，作定语，修饰事物。故填amazing。

5．考查副词。句意：慢慢地，相机还举在我的眼睛上，我转过身来，怔住了。修饰动词turned应用副词。句首字母大写，故填Slowly。

6．考查代词。句意：水从它浓密的棕色毛发上滚落下来，熊也盯着我。根据前文介词at可知，此处应用I的宾格作宾语。故填me。

7．考查名词性从句。句意：时间静止了，熊和我都在等着看谁先行动。分析可知，此处引导宾语从句，根据句意，应用疑问代词who引导从句，表示“谁先行动”。故填who。

8．考查非谓语动词。句意：不知怎么的，我强迫我的手指按下了按钮。force sb/sth to do sth“强迫某人或某物干某事”是固定句式，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to press。

9．考查介词。句意：当我从震惊中恢复过来时，我看了看我的相机。recover from“从……恢复”是固定搭配。故填from。

10．考查名词复数。句意：毕竟我们是他们世界的访客。根据前文we who are可知，此处应用名词visitor的复数形式作表语，语义一致。故填visitors。

III．书面表达

1.【河北省衡水中学2021-2022学年高三年级上学期六调考试】假如你是李华，为了学生们的健康和安全，你校将对18周岁及以上的学生接种新冠疫苗。请你代表学生会写一则通知，内容包括：

1．时间与地点；

2．注意事项（如有无接种禁忌，接种后留观，带身份证等）；

3．建议接种。

注意：

1．写作词数应为80左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考词汇：新冠疫苗接种COVID-19 vaccination；疫苗vaccine

Notice

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】One possible version:

Notice

In order to contain the spread of COVID-19 pandemic, our school is to vaccinate the students aged eighteen years old and above.

The COVID-19 vaccination is optional, and it will last from next Monday to Friday at the school's clinic. If you want to get vaccinated，the following tips should be kept in mind. To begin with, check up if you are allergic to the vaccine. Secondly, stay at the site for half an hour after getting the shot. Additionally, do remember to bring your ID card.

I strongly suggest that you get vaccinated next week, which not only protects you, but those around you.

The Student Union

【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学生会写一则关于接种新冠疫苗的通知。

1.词汇积累

可选择的：optional→selectable

首先：to begin with→first of all

是否：if→whether

此外：additionally → besides

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：The COVID-19 vaccination is optional, and it will last from next Monday to Friday at the school's clinic.

拓展句：The COVID-19 vaccination is optional, which will last from next Monday to Friday at the school's clinic.

【高分句型1】If you want to get vaccinated, the following tips should be kept in mind.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）

【高分句型2】I strongly suggest that you get vaccinated next week, which not only protects you, but those around you.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）

2.读后续写

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Everything about moving day was a puzzle. I didn't know anything about our new building on a new street. Our old life was broken into pieces and packed up in piled boxes. I wondered if it would ever fit back together again.

Mom introduced me to our new neighbours, the Chens. Mrs Chen worked with Mom at the job she'd just started. Mr Chen was a famous craftsman(匠人) from China.

Mom said it was a fresh start, but it felt broken to me. I just wanted things to go back to how they had been before.

After the first day at my new school, I walked home alone. Mom had told me she had to work. I was still hoping she'd meet me after the bell. I had to open the door myself with the new key. I felt a bit hungry and went straight into the kitchen, ripping tape from the packed boxes while I searched for a clean plate. My fingers slipped, and something went crashing to the ground.

“Benjamin” cried Mom from the doorway. I didn't hear her come in. “What just broke?” she asked, kneeling to pick up the pieces. In her hands, I recognized the shattered pieces. It was Grandma's bowl. “I can't believe you broke this,” she said.

“Well, I can't believe we have to live here now! I can't believe I have to switch schools, and I can't believe you didn't even meet me after my first day” I ran into my room, slamming the door behind me.

The broom swept across the kitchen floor. Then the click of Mom's bedroom door closed behind her. I sneaked out into the kitchen and found the fragments in the dustbin. There were so many pieces in here, but maybe I could put them back together. Turning the pieces, I tried to match them,but this bowl would never look the same again.

“I'm sorry I yelled,” said Mom, as she opened her door. “Please just throw out the pieces. We can't make a fresh start with broken things.”

As I wandered down the hall, Mr Chen was emptying his garbage.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph 1：

“Are you sure you want to throw that out?” he asked.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：

I brought the repaired bowl into her room.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Paragraph 1：

“Are you sure you want to throw that out?” he asked. My throat twisted into a knot. “It's broken,” I murmured. “That's a simple repair. Come.” In their apartment, Mr Chen spread the broken pieces out like a jigsaw puzzle. After finding each match, he taught me to delicately rebuild the bowl, filling in the crack lines with a special paint. Finally, the bowl was together again. I held it gently in the palm of my hand and admired it for long. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as before. I couldn't wait to show it to Mom and rushed back home.

Paragraph 2：

I brought the repaired bowl into her room. Obviously, she was more than surprised to see the bowl again. “It's amazing” she marveled, running her fingertip over the fixed cracks. “Mr Chen helped me mend it. He is a superb craftsman,” I said with a grin. “Definitely. After being repaired, it looks much stronger than before” said Mom, smiling radiantly. I sat on the edge of her bed, and Mom reached out to me. Our hands joined with crisscrossed fingers, we both knew this was a new beginning.

【解析】本文以一个举家迁移的小男孩人主要人物，展开描写。主要讲述了一个名叫本杰明的小男孩因搬入新的居所，感到很不适应，对妈妈很不理解。因为一只摔碎的碗，与妈妈发生了争吵。然后，在陈先生的帮助下，修复了这只碗，从而消除了母子之间的隔阂。

1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“他问我是否确定要扔掉那些碎片。”可知，第一段可描写作者在中国匠人陈先生的帮助下，修复了摔碎的碗。

②由第二段首句内容“我把修复好的碗拿给妈妈看”可知，第二段可描写作者将修复好的碗给妈妈展示，从而消除了母子之间的隔阂。

2.续写线索：修复——完成——喜出望外——向妈妈展示——微笑——心贴心

3.词汇激活

行为类

①.散开：spread out/fan out/scatter

②.欣赏：admire/appreciate/enjoy

③.猛冲：rush/storm/run

情绪类

①.惊叹：marvel/amaze

②.喜气洋洋地：radiantly/cheerfully/brightly

[高分句型1]. She marveled, running her fingertip over the fixed cracks.（由running现在分词短语作状语）

[高分句型2]. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as before.（由形容词different作状语）

[高分句型3]. Our hands joined with crisscrossed fingers, we both knew this was a new beginning.（名词hands+过去分词joined构成的独立主格结构）