04 高考英语阅读理解（2）：同义替换词-2022年高考英语单词按题型分类速记

高考英语阅读理解：同义替换词TOC \o "1-3" \h \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc17886" 同义替换Unit1  PAGEREF _Toc17886 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc22296" 同义替换Unit2  PAGEREF _Toc22296 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc14435" 同义替换Unit3  PAGEREF _Toc14435 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc23756" 同义替换Unit4  PAGEREF _Toc23756 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc16681" 同义替换Unit5  PAGEREF _Toc16681 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc24566" 同义替换Unit6  PAGEREF _Toc24566 \h 6 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc24566" 同义替换Unit7 7在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义转换。如2020年全国Ⅰ卷第33题，正确选项中用lack of替代了原文中的be short of (缺乏)；2019年全国Ⅰ卷第29题，正确选项中用vary from person to person替代了原文中的unique (独一无二的)。对此，我们归纳了常见的150组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同义结构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握这些同义表达，对阅读和写作，以及解答其他题，都是非常有益的。同义替换Unit1充满 be full of, be filled with, be flooded with, be crowded with区分 distinguish/tell A from B亲自 personally, in person只有 only, nobody/nothing but 出版 come out, be published尤其 particularly, in particular锻炼 exercise, work out谋生 make/earn a living代表 represent, stand for, (be) on behalf of结合 combine, mix sth up前进 advance, move forward舒适 comfortable, at ease十年 decade, ten years两周 fortnight, two weeks二十 score, twenty十二 dozen, twelve成人 adult, grown-up删除 delete, cut out下降，减少 decline, come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce移走 remove, take away吸收 absorb, take in与...一致 agree/be consistent/correspond with把...分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth用...替换 replace. . .with, use. . .as an alternative to. . .同义替换Unit2回答 answer, reply to收割 harvest, gather,get in抵制 boycott, refuse to accept, resist,reject与...相反/对立 contradict, be opposite to代替 replace, take the place of背诵 recite, learn. . .by heart害怕 fear, be afraid/scared of退（学） quit, drop out of (school)推迟 delay, postpone, put off 去拿来 fetch, go and bring back相匹配 match, go with精力充沛 energetic, full of energy少数 a minority of, a small number of打扰 cause trouble to, bother,disturb描述 describe, give a description of后来 afterwards, after that, later on缺席 be absent from, be not present at目前 nowadays, at present,at the present time宣布 announce/declare sth, make sth known to the public重要 count, matter, be important, be of importance. significant,vital,crucial担心 worry about, be concerned/anxious about 提到 mention,refer to,talk about/of偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, by chance/accident/coincidence, casually, occasionally同义替换Unit3展览 on show/display/exhibition勇敢（去做） be brave to, have courage to违法的 illegal, not legal, against the law满足需要 cater to/meet/satisfy the need放弃 abandon, go away from, leave,give up信任，信赖 trust, believe, have confidence/faith in在农村／城市 in the countryside/city, rural/urban areas劝某人做 advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do取消 cancel, call off劝某人不要做 discourage sb from doing, persuade sb not to do取消除·······之外besides, as well as, in addition to, apart from制订计划make a plan, work out a plan, draw up a plan逃跑escape,run away开始存在appear, come into being, come into existence进入enter, come/go into防...止疾病protect. . .from sickness, avoid/prevent sickness用完某物run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up方式，方法way, solution, approach, method, means情况良好in (a) good condition, in a good state/situation置若罔闻turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to高兴起来cheer up, become happy全世界all over/around the world, worldwide, globally, internationally重力gravity, the pull of the earth算出calculate, figure out与·······不同differ from, be different from, vary from. . .to. . .乱七八糟in a mess,in disorder气喘吁吁breathless,out of breath做出决定determine, decide, make a decision对······有害do harm to, be harmful to相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar to低语，耳语whisper, speak in a low voice同义替换Unit4寻找，追求seek, look/search/hunt for茫然，困惑at a loss, puzzled/confused取笑，逗弄tease, make fun of, laugh at, amuse提高，改善improve, make/become better庆祝celebrate, hold a celebration长胖put on/gain weight, grow fat熟悉know. . .well, be familiar with处理handle, settle, deal with, cope with到处everywhere, here and there加速accelerate, speed up, quicken值得，应得deserve sth, be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth保证，确保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain把某物分配给某人allocate sth to sb, divide sth among sb一年一次的annual, yearly, every year可进入／接近的be accessible,be easy to enter/reach/use使能做某事enable sb to do, make sb able to do宁做A不做B do A rather than (doing) B, do A instead of (doing) B出国go abroad, go to a foreign country控告accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth成功做某事manage to do sth, succeed in doing sth突然笑/哭起来burst into laughter/tears, burst out laughing/crying不理，忽视ignore, overlook, pay no attention to挨饿，饿死starve, go hungry, die from hunger充当；起······的作用act as, serve as榜样model, example怒视glare at, look at sth angrily平静的calm, not excited抽象的abstract, not specific积极的active, not passive残酷地cruelly, without mercy, mercilessly复杂的complicated, not simple, complex人造的artificial, man-made故意地deliberately, on purpose, purposely再一次again, once more, once again, over and over again独自地alone, by oneself有危险in danger, at risk占...比例account for, make up青少年adolescent, teenager同义替换Unit5看医生go to see/consult a doctor更喜欢prefer sth, like sth better使生气annoy sb, make sb angry报道此事cover/report the event很多a lot (of), a great deal (of)影响交通hold up/block traffic澄清，阐明clarify, make sth clear可得到的be available, be easily got吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal to sb, catch sb’s eye/attention无论如何anyhow, in any way在·······后面behind, at the back of无论什么whatever, no matter what使某人高兴cheer sb up, make sb happy雇用某人employ/hire sb,take sb on受欢迎的be popular with,be well received (by...)得出结论conclude, draw a conclusion弄明白figure out, find out 试验try out, test反对be against, oppose, object to, disagree with, disapprove of认为think/believe that, hold the view that, argue/claim that做报告give a presentation/talk/speech 辍学，退学drop out of/leave school优于，胜过have the advantage over, have the edge over, be better than对某人生气get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb有机会使用／做have access to sth, have the chance of doing sth对·····全然不知be in the dark about, know nothing about告诉某人某事tell sb sth, inform sb of sth, keep sb informed of sth致力于apply/bend/commit/devote oneself to, be bent/committed/devoted to旨在做aim/be aimed at doing, be designed/intended to do, be meant to do sth一...就... on doing; immediately, directly, instantly; the moment, the minute, the second, the instant; as soon as,no sooner. . .than, hardly/scarcely. . .when老年人old people, the old, senior citizens, the aged, the elderly聪明的clever,bright,wise,smart同义替换Unit61. particular = special = specific = unique 特别的，独有的2. absorb = take in 吸收3. settle on = make choice of = decide on 选定4. advantage = edge = upper hand 优势5. accompany = keep sb company = go with 陪伴，伴随6. view = belief = opinion = insight 观点7. charge = fee = fare 费用 8. involve ... with = associate ... with = link ... to = relate ... to 与…有关联9. release = issue = launch = convey = deliver 发行，发表10. difficult = demanding = hard = tough 困难的11. task = job = work = labour 任务，工作12. instantly = rapidly = immediately 立即地13. react = respond 反应14. subjective views = personal/individual views (opinions) 主观观点15. understand = see = follow = grasp = comprehend = take in = figure out 理解，想出16. assessment = evaluation = estimate = judgment评估，估计17. appear = surface = come to light 出现18. remain = keep = stay = maintain 保持19. development = evolution = growth = progress 发展20. foster = raise = bring up 培养，养育21. overtake = catch up = sweep over 赶上，压倒22. initial = original = premier 最初的，开始的23. whereas = however = while = nevertheless = but = yet 然而，但是24. reduce = decrease = lessen = cut 减少，减小25. postpone = put off = delay 延期，推迟26. crucial = important = critical = vital = necessary = essential 至关重要的27. attempt = effort 尝试，努力 28. encourage = promote = fuel = further 激发，促进同义替换Unit71.“看”：look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV2.“说”：telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth; bargain; chat; repeat; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny; describe; announce; introduce; complain3.“叫”：cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel4.“问”：ask; interview; express; question5.“答”：answer; respond; reply6.“听”：listen to; hear; pick up; overhear7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing8.“哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying9.“吃/喝”：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to10. “穿”：put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make up; get changed; be in red; take off ; remove11.“行”：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl12.“坐”：sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat，stand; lean13.“睡/休息”：lie /on one’s back/on one's side/ on one’s stomach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest14.“写”：dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down15.“拿/放”： take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push16.“抓”：take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch17.“打”：hit; beat; strike; blow; attack18.“扔”：throw; drop; fall; wave; shake19.“送”：send; deliver; give; offer; see off20.“摸/抱”：ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms21.“踢/碰”：kick; knock; tip22.“找/查”：find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for;seek,seek for in search of; search sb; search sp. for sth; check; examine; test; inspect23.“得”：get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess24.“失”：lose; be lost /be missing/gone; great loss25.“有”：have; own; conquer; occupy；possess26.“无”：nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone27.“增/减”：rise / go up,drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease28.“买/卖”：buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts29.“存在/消失”：come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show; turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight30.“变化”：develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour;turn + colour; change /change into; reform31.“成功/失败”：make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize one’s dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth. into reality32.“努力”：try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do one's best; do as much as one can to do33.祝贺：congratulate sb. on sth.; celebrate; observe; get together34.敬佩：admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy ;be jealousy35.赞美/批评：praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize /scold sb. for sth.; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of36. 喜/恶：like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike hate; ignore37.到达：arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave for38.受伤：hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss39.损坏：damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken40.修复： repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself41.“认识的过程” ：feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to42.认为;判断：think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt43.想/考虑：think of…as...; think about; consider; think over44.支持/反对：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/ against45.花费：sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ (in) doing sth; sb+afford +n/to do sth ; It +takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some money for sth.46.省/存钱：save /save up; set aside; put away47.参加：take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against48.控告：accuse sb. of; charge sb. with49.救治/帮助： help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth.; treat; cure sb. of sth; aid sb in doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth;assist sb in doing sth50.逃避：run away; escape from; flee; hide51.阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stop sb. from doing sth; forbid doing sth.; ban; prohibit52.对付/处理：handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle53.效仿：copy; imitate; learn from; learn54.爆发/发生：come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode55.安装/装备：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with56.追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with57.建议：advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade58. 打算：plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do59.似乎/好象：seem; appear; look like;as if /as though60.开办/关闭：open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down