2024年高考英语单词分类速记 练习04 高考英语阅读理解（2）：同义替换词

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Part 1高考真题长难句
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva — nt as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m nt a trained musician, but I’ve learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.”
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup’s fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.” Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said, “Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back.”
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
“My husband is the wrst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Rbert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
24. What shuld Tittertn be able t d t be a page turner?
A. Read music.B. Play the pian.
C. Sing sngs.D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn’s jb n stage?
A. Bring.B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding.D. Dangerus.
26. What des Tittertn need t practise?
A. Cunting the pages.B. Recgnizing the “ndding”.
C. Catching falling bjects.D. Perfrming in his wn style.
27. Why is Ms Rasppva’s husband “the wrse page turner”?
A He has very pr eyesight.B. He ignres the audience.
C. He has n interest in music.D. He frgets t d his jb.
【词汇】
1.trained 2.instrument 3.require
4.repeat 5.nstage 6.indicate
7.draft 8.cncert 9.entire
10.demanding 11.recgnize 12.ignre
13.audience
【词汇答案】
1.trained adj. 训练过的
2.instrument n. 仪器；乐器；工具；器械v. 用器械（或仪器）装备；向…提交文书
3.require v. 要求；需要；命令；规定
4.repeat n. 重复；反复v. 重复；复述adj. 重复的；反复的
5.nstage adj. 台上的；台上演出的；舞台表演区的adv. 在台上；在舞台表演区
6.indicate v. 指示；象征；显示；暗示，预示v. 表明；指明
7.draft n. 草稿；草图；汇票；征兵vt. 起草；征兵；选秀adj. 酝酿中的
8.cncert n. 音乐会；一致；和谐vt. 协定；协同安排vi. 合作
9.entire adj. 全部的；完整的；全面的
10.demanding adj. 要求多的；吃力的
11.recgnize vt. 承认；认出；意识到；表示感激；识别
12.ignre vt. 忽视；不理；不顾
13.audience n. 听众；观众；读者；倾听；拥护者；正式会见
【长难句】
1. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：此句是复合句，主句为主系表结构，“t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre”是表语；从句为目的状语从句“s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves”。
翻译：他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边翻阅乐谱，这样音乐家就不必自己动手破坏声音的流动。
2. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：此句为并列句，“and”后面跟着不定式短语作状语，“t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner” 其中定语从句“which they need t practise with their page turner”修饰“a page turn”。
翻译：在台上无声的交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示他们需要用翻页器练习的翻页。
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Rbert Tittertn和他的工作情况。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m nt a trained musician, but I’ve learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.(我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她)”可知，Tittertn因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Tittertn的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.(无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习)”可知，Tittertn需要和钢琴演奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，Ms Rasppva的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。
新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934 better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【词汇】
1.cntinent 2.astnishing 3.variety
4.precius 5.resurce 6.decimate
7.handful 8.verly 9.ambitius
10.huse 11.waterfwl 12.destructin
13.vital 14.survival 15.annually
16.purchase 17.plitical 18.cartnist
19.appint 20.inclusin 21.available
22.generatin 23.habitat 24.cnservatin
25.initiate 26.decline 27.exprt
28.acquire 29.distribute 30.migratry
31.refuge
【词汇答案】
1.cntinent n. 大陆；洲；(the Cntinent)欧洲大陆
2. astnishing adj. 惊人的
3.variety n. 多样；种类；多样化n. 杂耍
4.precius adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的；矫揉造作的adv. 极其n. <口>宝贝，心爱的人
5.resurce n. 资源；机敏；才略；寄托；消遣
6.decimate v. 毁掉大部分；大量杀死；使骤减
7.handful n. 一把；少数；<非>难控制的人；棘手之事
8.verly adv. 过度地；极度地
9.ambitius adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有抱负的
10.huse n. 房屋；住一屋的人；机构；议院；观众；听众；黄道十二宫之一v. 给…房子住；储存(某物)；容纳；藏有
11.waterfwl n. 水鸟；水禽
12.destructin n. 破坏；毁灭
13.vital adj. 至关重要的；有活力的；生死攸关的
14.survival n. 幸存；幸存者；生存；残存物，幸存物；【人类学】(失去原有意义、作用的)残存文化特征
15.annually adv. 每年；年年
16.purchase vt. 购买n. 购买；购买的物品
17.plitical adj. 政治的；政治上的；政党的；人事的；争权夺利的
18.cartnist n. 漫画家
19.appint v. 任命；委派；指定；约定
20.inclusin n. 包含
21.available adj. 可利用的；可得到的；有空的；有效的；<贬>【政】有资格的，适合的
22.generatin n. 代；（产品类型的）代；产生；繁殖
23.habitat n. 栖息地；产地
24.cnservatin n. 保存；保护；守恒；节约
25.initiate vt. 开始；创始；启蒙；介绍加入n. 创始人adj. 新加入的；启蒙的
26.decline v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜n. 衰微；跌落；晚年
27.exprt n. 输出；出口；输出品；输出存储器的信息v. 输出；出口；带走，运走；从存储器输出信息
28.acquire vt. 获得；学到；取得
29.distribute v. 分配；散发；分布
30.migratry adj. 迁移的；流浪的
31.refuge n. 避难；避难所；庇护v. 庇护；避难
【长难句】
1. When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天空和大地上充满了各种各样的野生动物。
这是复合句，由“when”引导的时间状语此句“When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America”，和主句“the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife”。
翻译：成百上千万英亩的湿地被晒干，用来喂养和居住不断增加的水禽种群，大大减少了水禽的栖息地
2. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat (栖息地).
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析： 此句为简单句，“t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins”为目的状语，分词短语“greatly reducing waterfwl habitat”作结果状语。
翻译：成百上千万英亩的湿地被晒干，用来喂养和居住不断增加的水禽种群，大大减少了水禽的栖息地
3. In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry (迁徒的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：此句为简单句，主句为“natin tk firm actin”，其中“with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act)”作伴随状语，“t stp the destructin f migratry (迁徒的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival”为目的状语。
翻译： 1934年，随着《候鸟捕猎邮票法》的通过，越来越受到关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，阻止对候鸟及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
4. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：此句为复合句，主句为“The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. ‘Ding’Darling”，同位语“a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines”，定语从句“wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey.”。
翻译： “丁”达林，一个来自洛瓦州得梅因的政治漫画家，他当时被富兰克林罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。
5. Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：主句为“Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund”，其中不定式“t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System”作为目的状语。同位语从句“that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme.”和“a fact”互为同位语。
翻译：每枚鸭邮票中约98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将得到保护，并为子孙后代提供。
6. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：难怪联邦鸭邮票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一。
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
32. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps t exercise a persn’s mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【词汇】
1.ppularizatin 2.riginal 3.makeup
4.character 5.mtivatin 6.mental
7.stability 8.ptimism 9.accurately
10.ptential 11.victim 12.mral
13.verall 14.publicity 15.beneficial
16.psitive 17.aspect 18.prmte
19.well-being 20.adaptively 21.cntinuing
22.appeal 23.desirable 24.excite
25.schlarly 26.perspective 27.measure
28.mentin 29.clarify 30.predictin
31.attitude 32.favrable 33.intlerant
34.expectatin 35.applicatin
【词汇答案】
1.ppularizatin n. 通俗化；平易化；普及
2.riginal adj. 原始的；最初的；有独创性的；原版的n. 原版；真品；怪人；有独创性的人n. 起源
3.makeup . 化妆品；组成；体格；性格；补充；<美>补考；[印]排版
4.character n. 个性；品质；字符；人物；名誉；地位adj. [剧](角色)代表某一特性的
5.mtivatin n. 动机；动力；刺激；积极性
6.mental adj. 思想的；心理的；精神的；脑力的n. 精神病患者
7.stability n. 稳定性；居于修道院
8.ptimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
9.accurately adv. 准确地；精确地
10.ptential adj. 潜在的；可能的n. 潜力；潜能n. 电位；电势
11.victim n. 受害者；受骗者；牺牲
12.mral adj. 道德的；精神上的n. 寓意；道德；品行；伦理
13.verall adj. 全部的；总体的；全面考虑的adv. 总的来说；总共n. 罩衫；工作服
14.publicity n. 公众的注意；宣传；宣扬；宣传品；广告
15.beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的
16.psitive adj. 积极的；肯定的；明确的；正面的；正数的；阳性的n. 正面；正数；正片；[语]原级
17.aspect n. 方面；方位；外观；外貌
18.prmte vt. 促进；提升；升迁；发起；促销，推销
19.well-being n. 康乐；安宁
20.adaptively adj. 适合的；适应的
21.cntinuing adj. 连续的；持续的；不间断的
22.appeal n. 恳求；呼吁；上诉；吸引力n. (体育比赛中)诉请裁决v. 呼吁；有吸引力；求助；诉请
23.desirable adj. 令人满意的；性感的；有吸引力的；值得的；令人向往的n. 有吸引力的人或物
24.excite vt. 使兴奋；使激动；刺激；激起
25.schlarly adj. 学术性的；学究气的；学者派头的
26.perspective n. 远景；看法；透视adj. 透视的
27.measure n. 措施；量度；尺寸；程度；办法v. 测量；比较；给予；权衡
28.mentin vt. 提到；说起n. 提及；说起
29.clarify vt. 澄清；阐明；净化
30.predictin n. 预言；预报
31.attitude n. 态度；看法；姿势
32.favrable adj. 有利的；顺利的；良好的；赞同的
33.intlerant adj. 不能容忍的；偏执的
34. expectatin n. 预料；期望
35.applicatin n. 应用；申请；专心；应用程序
【长难句】
1. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desitrble in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.”
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：
此句为复合句，其中主句为“Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything”，其中定语从句“that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and ‘peple skills.’”修饰everything。
翻译：许多人现在误解了情商，认为情商几乎是一个人妆容中所有必须的、用智商测试无法衡量的东西，比如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观主义和“人际交往能力”
2. Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：
此句为复合句，主句为“Research has shwn”，宾语从句为“that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.”，其中从句中“but”连接两个并列成分。
翻译：研究表明，情感技能可能有助于这些素质中的一些，但其中大多数远远超出了基于技能的情商。
3. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：此句为并列句，“while”表示两个句子的对比，前面的句子主干为“The ability may be used by a dctr”，其中不定式短语“t accurately understand hw thers are feeling”做后置定语修饰“ability”；不定式短语“t find hw best t help her patients”“ t cntrl ptential victims”为目的状语。
翻译：准确理解他人感受的能力可能会被医生用来发现如何最好地帮助她的病人，而骗子可能会用它来控制潜在的受害者。
4. Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：此句为复合句，由“Althugh”引导的让步状语从句，从句中由“what”引导的宾语从句“what research can reasnably supprt”，主句为“the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful”。
翻译：尽管关于情商的流行观点远远超出了研究所能合理支持的范围，但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。
5. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析： 此句为简单句，主系表的结构。其中主语较长“The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin”其中心词为“aspect”。
翻译：这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感的新的和迫切需要的重视。
6. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析： 此句为简单句，主干为“The ppularizatin has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality and hw” 其结构为“主语+help sb. d sth.”。
翻译： 情绪智力的普及有助于公众和研究人员重新评估情绪的功能，以及情绪如何在日常生活中适应地为人们服务。
7. Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：此句为复合句，由“Althugh”引导的让步状语从句和主句构成。其中主句“We hpe that”后跟“that”引导的宾语从句。
翻译：尽管情商的持续流行是可取的，但我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。
8. It is ur hpe that in cming decades，advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析：此句为复合句，主句“It is ur hpe”，其中it作为形式主语，“that in cming decades，advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives”为祝语从句。
翻译：我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. …The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义转换。如2020年全国Ⅰ卷第33题，正确选项中用lack f替代了原文中的be shrt f (缺乏)；2019年全国Ⅰ卷第29题，正确选项中用vary frm persn t persn替代了原文中的unique (独一无二的)。对此，我们归纳了常见的150组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同义结构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握这些同义表达，对阅读和写作，以及解答其他题，都是非常有益的。
Part 2同义替换
同义替换Unit1
充满 be full f, be filled with, be flded with, be crwded with
区分 distinguish/tell A frm B
亲自 persnally, in persn
只有 nly, nbdy/nthing but
出版 cme ut, be published
尤其 particularly, in particular
锻炼 exercise, wrk ut
谋生 make/earn a living
代表 represent, stand fr, (be) n behalf f
结合 cmbine, mix sth up
前进 advance, mve frward
舒适 cmfrtable, at ease
十年 decade, ten years
两周 frtnight, tw weeks
二十 scre, twenty
十二 dzen, twelve
成人 adult, grwn-up
删除 delete, cut ut
下降，减少 decline, cme/g dwn, drp, fall, decrease, reduce
移走 remve, take away
吸收 absrb, take in
与...一致 agree/be cnsistent/crrespnd with
把...分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth
用...替换 replace. . .with, use. . .as an alternative t. . .
同义替换Unit2
回答 answer, reply t
收割 harvest, gather,get in
抵制 byctt, refuse t accept, resist,reject
与...相反/对立 cntradict, be ppsite t
代替 replace, take the place f
背诵 recite, learn. . .by heart
害怕 fear, be afraid/scared f
退（学） quit, drp ut f (schl)
推迟 delay, pstpne, put ff
去拿来 fetch, g and bring back
相匹配 match, g with
精力充沛 energetic, full f energy
少数 a minrity f, a small number f
打扰 cause truble t, bther,disturb
描述 describe, give a descriptin f
后来 afterwards, after that, later n
缺席 be absent frm, be nt present at
目前 nwadays, at present,at the present time
宣布 annunce/declare sth, make sth knwn t the public
重要 cunt, matter, be imprtant, be f imprtance. significant,vital,crucial
担心 wrry abut, be cncerned/anxius abut
提到 mentin,refer t,talk abut/f
偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, by chance/accident/cincidence, casually, ccasinally
同义替换Unit3
展览 n shw/display/exhibitin
勇敢（去做） be brave t, have curage t
违法的 illegal, nt legal, against the law
满足需要 cater t/meet/satisfy the need
放弃 abandn, g away frm, leave,give up
信任，信赖 trust, believe, have cnfidence/faith in
在农村／城市 in the cuntryside/city, rural/urban areas
劝某人做 advise sb t d, try t persuade sb t d
取消 cancel, call ff
劝某人不要做 discurage sb frm ding, persuade sb nt t d取消
除·······之外besides, as well as, in additin t, apart frm
制订计划make a plan, wrk ut a plan, draw up a plan
逃跑escape,run away
开始存在appear, cme int being, cme int existence
进入enter, cme/g int
防...止疾病prtect. . .frm sickness, avid/prevent sickness
用完某物run ut f sth, lack sth, sth run ut, sth be used up
方式，方法way, slutin, apprach, methd, means
情况良好in (a) gd cnditin, in a gd state/situatin
置若罔闻turn a deaf ear t, refuse t listen t
高兴起来cheer up, becme happy
全世界all ver/arund the wrld, wrldwide, glbally, internatinally
重力gravity, the pull f the earth
算出calculate, figure ut
与·······不同differ frm, be different frm, vary frm. . .t. . .
乱七八糟in a mess,in disrder
气喘吁吁breathless,ut f breath
做出决定determine, decide, make a decisin
对······有害d harm t, be harmful t
相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar t
低语，耳语whisper, speak in a lw vice
同义替换Unit4
寻找，追求seek, lk/search/hunt fr
茫然，困惑at a lss, puzzled/cnfused
取笑，逗弄tease, make fun f, laugh at, amuse
提高，改善imprve, make/becme better
庆祝celebrate, hld a celebratin
长胖put n/gain weight, grw fat
熟悉knw. . .well, be familiar with
处理handle, settle, deal with, cpe with
到处everywhere, here and there
加速accelerate, speed up, quicken
值得，应得deserve sth, be wrthy f sth, be wrth ding sth
保证，确保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain
把某物分配给某人allcate sth t sb, divide sth amng sb
一年一次的annual, yearly, every year
可进入／接近的be accessible,be easy t enter/reach/use
使能做某事enable sb t d, make sb able t d
宁做A不做B d A rather than (ding) B, d A instead f (ding) B
出国g abrad, g t a freign cuntry
控告accuse sb f sth, charge sb with sth
成功做某事manage t d sth, succeed in ding sth
突然笑/哭起来burst int laughter/tears, burst ut laughing/crying
不理，忽视ignre, verlk, pay n attentin t
挨饿，饿死starve, g hungry, die frm hunger
充当；起······的作用act as, serve as
榜样mdel, example
怒视glare at, lk at sth angrily
平静的calm, nt excited
抽象的abstract, nt specific
积极的active, nt passive
残酷地cruelly, withut mercy, mercilessly
复杂的cmplicated, nt simple, cmplex
人造的artificial, man-made
故意地deliberately, n purpse, purpsely
再一次again, nce mre, nce again, ver and ver again
独自地alne, by neself
有危险in danger, at risk
占...比例accunt fr, make up
青少年adlescent, teenager
同义替换Unit5
看医生g t see/cnsult a dctr
更喜欢prefer sth, like sth better
使生气anny sb, make sb angry
报道此事cver/reprt the event
很多a lt (f), a great deal (f)
影响交通hld up/blck traffic
澄清，阐明clarify, make sth clear
可得到的be available, be easily gt
吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal t sb, catch sb’s eye/attentin
无论如何anyhw, in any way
在·······后面behind, at the back f
无论什么whatever, n matter what
使某人高兴cheer sb up, make sb happy
雇用某人emply/hire sb,take sb n
受欢迎的be ppular with,be well received (by...)
得出结论cnclude, draw a cnclusin
弄明白figure ut, find ut
试验try ut, test
反对be against, ppse, bject t, disagree with, disapprve f
认为think/believe that, hld the view that, argue/claim that
做报告give a presentatin/talk/speech
辍学，退学drp ut f/leave schl
优于，胜过have the advantage ver, have the edge ver, be better than
对某人生气get angry with sb, get crss with sb, be annyed with sb
有机会使用／做have access t sth, have the chance f ding sth
对·····全然不知be in the dark abut, knw nthing abut
告诉某人某事tell sb sth, infrm sb f sth, keep sb infrmed f sth
致力于apply/bend/cmmit/devte neself t, be bent/cmmitted/devted t
旨在做aim/be aimed at ding, be designed/intended t d, be meant t d sth
一...就... n ding; immediately, directly, instantly; the mment, the minute, the secnd, the instant; as sn as,n sner. . .than, hardly/scarcely. . .when
老年人ld peple, the ld, senir citizens, the aged, the elderly
聪明的clever,bright,wise,smart
同义替换Unit6
1. particular = special = specific = unique 特别的，独有的
2. absrb = take in 吸收
3. settle n = make chice f = decide n 选定
4. advantage = edge = upper hand 优势
5. accmpany = keep sb cmpany = g with 陪伴，伴随
6. view = belief = pinin = insight 观点
7. charge = fee = fare 费用
8. invlve ... with = assciate ... with = link ... t = relate ... t 与…有关联
9. release = issue = launch = cnvey = deliver 发行，发表
10. difficult = demanding = hard = tugh 困难的
11. task = jb = wrk = labur 任务，工作
12. instantly = rapidly = immediately 立即地
13. react = respnd 反应
14. subjective views = persnal/individual views (pinins) 主观观点
15. understand = see = fllw = grasp = cmprehend = take in = figure ut 理解，想出
16. assessment = evaluatin = estimate = judgment评估，估计
17. appear = surface = cme t light 出现
18. remain = keep = stay = maintain 保持
19. develpment = evlutin = grwth = prgress 发展
20. fster = raise = bring up 培养，养育
21. vertake = catch up = sweep ver 赶上，压倒
22. initial = riginal = premier 最初的，开始的
23. whereas = hwever = while = nevertheless = but = yet 然而，但是
24. reduce = decrease = lessen = cut 减少，减小
25. pstpne = put ff = delay 延期，推迟
26. crucial = imprtant = critical = vital = necessary = essential 至关重要的
27. attempt = effrt 尝试，努力
28. encurage = prmte = fuel = further 激发，促进
同义替换Unit7
1.“看”：lk; see; watch; bserve; ntice; catch sight f; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV
2.“说”：telll sth t sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb abut sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth t sb; infrm sb f sth; reasn /talk/persuade sb int ding sth; bargain; chat; repeat; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mentin; admit; deny; describe; annunce; intrduce; cmplain
3.“叫”：cry; call; shut; scream; man; sigh; quarrel
4.“问”：ask; interview; express; questin
5.“答”：answer; respnd; reply
6.“听”：listen t; hear; pick up; verhear
7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst int laughter; burst ut laughing
8.“哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sb; burst int tears /burst ut crying
9.“吃/喝”：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; tast; taste; treat sb t; help neself t
10. “穿”：put n; wear; have n; be dressed in; make up; get changed; be in red; take ff ; remve
11.“行”：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; cme/g; enter; mve; drive; ride; fly; crawl
12.“坐”：sit dwn; be seated; seat neself; take a seat，stand; lean
13.“睡/休息”：lie /n ne’s back/n ne's side/ n ne’s stmach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn ver; rest
14.“写”：dictate; write sth; describe; drp a line; draw; take dwn/write dwn
15.“拿/放”： take; bring; hld; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push
16.“抓”：take hld f; seize; grasp; scratch
17.“打”：hit; beat; strike; blw; attack
18.“扔”：thrw; drp; fall; wave; shake
19.“送”：send; deliver; give; ffer; see ff
20.“摸/抱”：uch; fld; embrace; hug; hld; in ne’s arms
21.“踢/碰”：kick; knck; tip
22.“找/查”：find; lk fr; find ut; discver/explre; hunt fr; search fr;seek,seek fr in search f; search sb; search sp. fr sth; check; examine; test; inspect
23.“得”：get; btain; acquire; gain; pssess
24.“失”：lse; be lst /be missing/gne; great lss
25.“有”：have; wn; cnquer; ccupy；pssess
26.“无”：nthing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gne
27.“增/减”：rise / g up,drp; raise; bring dwn /reduce; increase/decrease
28.“买/卖”：buy; purchase; affrd; pay; pay ff ; pay fr; sell; n sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/ntes/cins; discunts
29.“存在/消失”：cme int being; exist; appear; survive ; live; shw; turn up; disappear; die; die ut; pass away; be ut f sight
30.“变化”：develp; imprve ; becme; grw; g+ bad /wrng/ sur;turn + clur; change /change int; refrm
31.“成功/失败”：make it; succeed; make prgress; cme true; realize ne’s dream; win; lse; fail t d; defeat; suffer lss; beat; turn sth. int reality
32.“努力”：try /manage; make effrts; attempt ; d ne's best; d as much as ne can t d
33.祝贺：cngratulate sb. n sth.; celebrate; bserve; get tgether
34.敬佩：admire; respect; shw respect fr/t; adre; envy ;be jealusy
35.赞美/批评：praise; think highly f; blame sb fr sth; sb is t blame; criticize /scld sb. fr sth.; have a lw pinin f sb; speak ill f
36. 喜/恶：like; lve; be fnd f ; be keen n; be crazy abut; adre; be int; prefer; enjy; dislike hate; ignre
37.到达：arrive at; reach; return t; get t; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave fr
38.受伤：hurt ; injure; wund; cut; kill; drwn; bleed; get burnt; suffer frm; suffer a lss
39.损坏：damage; destry; ruin; break dwn; crash; be brken
40.修复： repair; rebuild; restre; fix; recver neself
41.“认识的过程” ：feel; sense; guess; suppse; wnder; dubt; knw /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply t
42.认为;判断：think; believe; cnsider; find; feel; cnclude; infer; dubt
43.想/考虑：think f…as...; think abut; cnsider; think ver
44.支持/反对：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn dwn; be against; elect; vte fr/ against
45.花费：sth/ding sth+cst; sb+spend+ (in) ding sth; sb+affrd +n/t d sth ; It +takes/tk sme time/ mney/energy t d sth; sb pay sme mney fr sth.
46.省/存钱：save /save up; set aside; put away
47.参加：take part in; jin /jin in; attend; cmpete in/ fr/against
48.控告：accuse sb. f; charge sb. with
49.救治/帮助： help /help ut; save /rescue sb frm sth.; treat; cure sb. f sth; aid sb in ding sth / t d sth; help sb with sth;assist sb in ding sth
50.逃避：run away; escape frm; flee; hide
51.阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stp sb. frm ding sth; frbid ding sth.; ban; prhibit
52.对付/处理：handle / d with / deal with /tackle /vercme sth ; slve; settle
53.效仿：cpy; imitate; learn frm; learn
54.爆发/发生：cme abut; happen t; take place; break ut; burst ut; g ff; explde
55.安装/装备：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with
56.追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with
57.建议：advise; suggest; recmmend; prpse; urge; demand; persuade
58. 打算：plan / intend / design t d; be ging t d /be abut t d /will d
59.似乎/好象：seem; appear; lk like;as if /as thugh
60.开办/关闭：pen; start; set up; clse/clse up; end; clse dwn
Part 3 最新高考真题演练
2023新课标全国Ⅰ卷
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
1. What is an advantage f MacBike?
A. It gives children a discunt.B. It f ffers many types f bikes.
C. It rganizes free cycle turs.D. It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
2. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
3. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
B
When Jhn Tdd was a child he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
4. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
5. Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals.B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants.D. T test the ec-machine.
6. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
7. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jhn Tdd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
C
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
8. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
9. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
10. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
11. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
12. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
14. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
2022年6月新高考2卷
A
Children’s Discvery Museum
General Infrmatin abut Grup Play
Pricing
Grup Play $7/persn
Schlarships
We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required.
Schlarships are fr Grup Play admissin fees and/r transprtatin. Transprtatin invices (发票) must be received within 60 days f yur visit t guarantee the schlarship.
Grup Size
We require ne chaperne (监护人) per ten children. Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.
Grup Play is fr grups f 10 r mre with a limit f 35 peple. Fr grups f 35 r mre, please call t discuss ptins.
Hurs
The Museum is pen daily frm 9:30 am t 4:30 pm.
Grup Play may be scheduled during any day r time the Museum is pen.
Registratin Plicy
Registratin must be made at least tw weeks in advance.
Register nline r fill ut a Grup Play Registratin Frm with multiple date and start time ptins.
Once the registratin frm is received and prcessed, we will send a cnfirmatin email within tw business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chapernes shuld mdel gd behavir fr the grup and remain with students at all times.
●Children are nt allwed unaccmpanied in all areas f the Museum.
●Children shuld play nicely with each ther and exhibits.
●Use yur indr vice when at the Museum.
1. What des a grup need t d if they are ffered a schlarship?
A. Prepay the admissin fees. B. Use the Museum’s transprtatin.
C. Take a survey after the visit. D. Schedule their visit n weekdays.
2. Hw many chapernes are needed fr a grup f 30 children t visit the Museum?
A. One. B. Tw. C. Three. D. Fur.
3. What are children prhibited frm ding at the Museum?
A. Using the cmputer. B. Talking with each ther.
C. Tuching the exhibits. D. Explring the place alne.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Schlarship标题下“We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required. (我们会视情况而定，为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金，并需要其参与访问后调查问卷)”可知，如果一个团体获得了奖学金，需要在参加一个访后的调查问卷，与选项C“Take a survey after the visit. (接受参观后的问卷调查)”属于同义替换，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Grup Size”标题下“We require ne chaperne (监护人) per ten children. (我们要求每十个孩子有一个监护人)”可知，10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Guidelines”标题下“Children are nt allwed unaccmpanied in all areas f the Museum. (无人陪伴的儿童不得进入博物馆的所有区域)”可知，儿童必须在监护人陪伴下才能进入博物馆，即儿童不能单独进入博物馆进行探索。与选项D“Explring the place alne. (独自探索博物馆)”属于同义替换，故选D。
B
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
4. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me. B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me. D. Wrked quite well n me.
5. Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A. He tk it fr a tablet cmputer. B. He disliked the clrful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted t read it by himself.
6. What des the authr think f himself?
A. Scially ambitius. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally cmpetent.
7. What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A. He lacks experience in his jb. B. He seldm appears n televisin.
C. He manages a vide department. D. He ften interviews internet stars.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. ”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that. (事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. (然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
C
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. "
8. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm. B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel. ”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. ”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws. ”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir. ”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. ”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre. ”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise. ” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all. ”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
12. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising. B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit. D. The aging prcess f the heart.
13. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan. B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type. D. Previus physical cnditin.
14. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
15. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段““Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. (“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. (第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health. (第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的““We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. (莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”)”可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference. (但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
Hand Brake, Three Gears
Ft Brake, N Gears
1 hur
€7.50
€5.00
3 hurs
€11.00
€7.50
1 day (24 hurs)
€14.75
€9.75
Each additinal day
€8.00
€6.00