资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩52页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：英语外研版必修4全套课堂同步课件PPT+练习
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
英语必修4Module 1 Life in the future评课课件ppt
展开
这是一份英语必修4Module 1 Life in the future评课课件ppt，文件包含Module1第1课时ppt、Module1第1课时doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
英语
外研版 · 必修4
Life in the Future
Module 1
1.1.1 集合的概念
第一课时 Introduction & Reading
1.1.1 集合的概念
Module 1
Ⅰ.速记单词1．________(adj.)替换的；供选择的2．________(adj.)都市的；城市的3．________(vt.)逮捕；拘留4．________(vt.)开火；启动5．________(n.)命令；指令6．________(n.)费用；价钱(vt.)要价；指控7．________(n.)开关(vi.)交换；调换8．________(vt.)系；贴；连接
alternative
urban
arrest
fire
command
charge
switch
attach
9．crime(n.)罪；罪行→________(n.)罪犯；犯人10．________(n.)预测→predict(vt.)预言；预料11．________(vt.)装；装载→unload(vt.)卸；卸载→download(vt.)下载12．________(adv.)户外→outdoor(adj.)户外的13．power(vt.)供给动力→________(adj.)强大的14．________(n.)失去能力；伤残→ability(n.)能力→________(adj.)能的→unable(adj.)不能的
criminal
load
prediction
outdoors
powerful
disability
able
Ⅱ.短语互译1．(某物)用完；不多了；没有了 _______2．依靠 _______3．除掉；处理掉 _________4．免费 ____________5．用完 ______6．for sure ______7．place an order ____8．carry out __________9．attach... to... ________________10．at the flick of a switch _____________
run out
rely on
get rid of
free of charge
use up
肯定地
订购
执行；完成
把……系到……上
轻轻一按开关
Ⅲ.完成句子1．为了清除垃圾，城市将用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃物并把它们朝太阳发射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境问题。__________________________， the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun，_______________________________________. (不定式作目的状语；v.ing作结果状语)2．每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change ____________________.(让步状语从句)
To get rid of garbage problems
preventing landfill and environmental problems
no matter where they live
3．所有的汽车都将由电能、太阳能或风能提供动力，并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and ______________________________________at the flick of a switch.(it be＋adj.＋to do sth.)4．随着每个城市拥有自己的远程手术门诊部，医生将能在数千英里以外实施手术，远程手术将会变得十分普遍。Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, ________________________________________________.(with复合结构)
it will be possible to change the colour of cars
with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic
5．通过系在头上的高科技照相机，老年人和身体有残疾的人就能周游世界。Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using hightech cameras __________________. (过去分词作定语)
attached to their head
Ⅳ.语篇理解Step 1 IntroductionMatch the building materials with the pictures.A．brick B．glass C．plastic D．rubber E．wood
Step 2 FastreadingⅠ.Read the passage fast and fill in the blanks with proper words.
Ⅱ.True (T) or False (F)．1．In the future, police will always arrest criminals by guns.( )2．In the future all shopping will be done online.( )3．Recreation will be free in the future.( )4．People won't smoke in the future.( )5．In the future, doctors will carry out operations from thousands of miles away.( )
Step 3 CarefulreadingChoose the best answers according to the passage.1．What is for sure about the cities in the future?A．They are getting bigger before they get smaller.B．They are getting smaller before they get bigger.C．They are getting smaller and smaller.D．They will keep the same as today.
2．When will a man get his telephone number in the future?A．When he is 18 years old.B．When he is 14 years old.C．When he gets married.D．After he is born.
3．Which is NOT true in the year 2025 according to the text?A．No smoking.B．Batman nets.C．Garbage ships.D．Cars powered by wind.
4．Why do people care more about the environment in the future?A．Because they can use recycled materials.B．Because they have improved the sense of environment.C．Because the earth's natural resources are running out.D．Because there are more people in the world.
5．What can you do in the year 2025?A．I can go shopping in the malls.B．I can entertain freely.C．I have to go to hospital to get operated on.D．I can smoke in the city.
Step 4 SummaryFill in the blanks according to the passage. What will the city of the future 1.________？ 2.______ is a risky business. One thing is that 3.________ the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources 4.________. 5.________， there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. Here are some ideas that young people create：
Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change 6.________ where' they live. Everyone will do shopping and 7.________ online.Doctors will 8.________ operations from thousands of miles away and distance surgery will become common.Senior citizens and people 9.________ will be able to go anywhere using hightech cameras 10.________their head.
Step 5 DiscussionThere are some predictions made in the passage. Let's have a discussion in pairs and find out which prediction is the strangest or most useful, and which do you think will come true first and which last.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Step 1 1～5 BEADCStep 2 Ⅰ.1.size 2.care for 3.urban lifeⅡ.1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.TStep 3 1～5 ADACBStep 4 1.look like 2.Making predictions 3.care for 4．run out 5.However 6.no matter 7.place orders 8. carry out 9.with disabilities 10. attached to
Step 5①I think “Forget smoking” is most useful. People in the future will pay more attention to their health and lead a more comfortable life, but smoking is bad for their health, so smoking won't be allowed.②I find the prediction about “Batman nets” very strange. How police will use it to catch criminals seems very strange.
③I feel the prediction about telesurgery very strange. How will doctors diagnose illnesses for the patients? ④In my opinion, the prediction about cars will come true first, for now many motorcycles powered by electricity are on sale in shops, which is friendly to the environment, so they are very popular.
1.describe vt.(1)描写；描绘；叙述；形容Words can't describe my joy.我的快乐，难以言表。(2)把……说成(describe...as...)describe an idea as(being)original说一种想法很独特(3)画(图形)The missile described a curve across the night sky.导弹在夜空中划出了一道弧线。
知识拓展describable adj. 描绘的；描写的description n. 描写；描述；形容；叙述链接：describe sb./sth. to/for sb. 向/为某人描述……describe sb./sth. as... 把……描述/称为……
即学即用语法填空Jim was described____________his colleagues____________ “unusual”．答案：by; as 固定搭配。句意为：吉姆被他的同事描述成“非同一般的”。
2．waste vt. 浪费；消耗；使荒芜Don't waste time persuading him to do this work.不要浪费时间说服他做这件工作了。
知识拓展1)waste n. 浪费；损耗；垃圾adj. 废弃的；荒芜的waste当动词用时，常用于waste time/money on sth. 在……上浪费时间/金钱；waste time/money(in) doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事。当名词时，常用于It is a waste of time to do... 做……是浪费时间。Don't waste your time chatting on line.不要把时间浪费在上网聊天上。It is a waste of time to listen to her music.听她的音乐是浪费时间。
2)类似waste time/money(in) doing sth.的句型：spend time(in) doing 花时间做某事have difficulty(in) doing 做某事有困难Every day he spends half an hour (in) reading English.他每天花半小时的时间读英语。The disabled man had much difficulty (in) climbing the hill, but he succeeded.那位残疾人爬山很困难，但是他成功了。
即学即用(1)翻译句子①我不得不花一些时间改写我的剧本。(spend)__________________________________________________②这个女孩在学数学方面有困难。(difficulty)__________________________________________________③不要浪费时间闲逛了。(waste)__________________________________________________答案：①I had to spend some time rewriting my play.②The girl has some difficulty learning maths.③Don't waste time wandering.
(2)语法填空—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he does________(write)．答案：writing 句意：——你知道保罗整天做什么吗？——据我所知，他花在玩上的时间至少和花在写作上的时间一样多。此题变相考查spend time(in) doing sth. “花时间做某事”。does代替spends, 即spend time(in) writing“花时间写作”。
3．alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的(1)adj. 替换的；二者择一的；供选择的The road was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.这条路被封锁了，因此我们走了另一条路。alternative energy 可替代能源an alternative plan 替代方案 (2)n. 二者择一；可供选择的办法/事物；选择余地have no alternative but “除……外别无选择；只好……”，后接to do sth.。They offered project alternatives to us.他们向我们提供了项目方案。
辨析：alternative与choice(1)alternative指在两者之间作出选择；(2)choice指一般意义上的选择。①That's the only alternative.没有选择余地。(没有第二个选择)②Choice of the goal covers choice of the means.目标的选择包含着手段的选择。
知识拓展(1)alternative无比较级形式。(2)alternate v. 轮流；交流；更迭；adj. 轮流的；可代替的；alter vt. 变更
即学即用语法填空If you don't like the school lunch, you have the ________ of bringing your own.答案：alternative 句意：要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。alternative adj.“可替换的，可代替的”；n.选择余地。
4．prediction n. [C，U]预测The results of the experiment confirmed our predictions.实验结果证实了我们的预测。It's difficult to make accurate predictions about its effects on man's health.很难准确预测它对人类健康产生的影响。
知识拓展predict vt. 预言；预告；预测The fortune teller predicted that he would marry at the age of 30.算命先生预言他会在30岁时结婚。It's impossible to predict who will win the competition.无法预测谁会赢得比赛。
辨析：predict与forecast
It's hard to predict when it will happen.很难预测它何时发生。The teacher forecast that most students would pass the exam.老师预测大多数学生会通过考试。
即学即用语法填空It ________(predict) that solar energy will become the major energy in the future, though it's not quite sure.答案：is predicted 根据后半句“... though it's not quite sure.”可知，前半句仅仅是一种预测，故应用predict。It is predicted that...意为：据预测。
5．risky adj.危险的；冒险的It is risky to make such a decision.作这样的一个决定是冒险的。
知识拓展risk n. 危险；风险v．冒……的危险常见搭配at the risk of冒……的危险Unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits increase the risk of heart disease.不健康的行为，比如不好的饮食习惯，会增加心脏病的风险。
注意：risk当动词用的时候，后面常跟动名词作宾语。They would not allow him to risk swimming across the river.他们不允许他冒险游过这条河。
即学即用语法填空He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk ________(lose) the good opportunity.答案：losing risk后面接动名词，句子的主语he和lose之间是主动关系，故用动词ing的主动形式。
6．run(1)n. 跑；奔；短途旅行There are no stops on the run to the coast.在去海滨的路途中没有车站。(2)vi. & vt.①跑；奔He ran across the road.他跑过了马路。
②(机器)转动；运转The engine runs well.发动机运转良好。③延伸；继续The road runs beside the river.这条路沿着河边延伸。④经营；管理It's said that they are running a restaurant abroad.据说他们在国外经营一家餐馆。
知识拓展in the long run 从长远的观点来看；毕竟；终究in the short run 从短期来看；在短期内run across 无意间碰到run after 追逐；追求run against 撞上；违反run away 逃跑
run away with (感情等)战胜；不受约束run over (车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；游览run into sb./sth. 偶遇某人/某物run through 浏览run out 逃开；用完
注意：(1)run out意为“……用完了”，为不及物动词，主语通常为时间、金钱、食物等。(2)run out of意为“用完了……”，为及物动词，表主动意义，主语一般为人。Her money has been run out of and her patience is also running out.她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。
即学即用语法填空(1)—Do you think we should accept that offer?—Yes, we should, for we________(have) such bad luck up till now, and time________(run) out.答案：have had; is running 考查时态。由up till now确定第一空应用完成时态。run out为不及物动词，无被动语态，由句意可知用现在进行时。
(2)They use computers to keep the traffic________(run) smoothly.答案：running 本题题意：他们使用计算机来保持交通畅通无阻。keep表示“保持或继续处于…的状态”，后接形容词，现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、名词以及副词等担任宾语补足语，但不能采用不定式(短语)。例如：Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。此外，run表示“运转；运行”时，通常用作不及物动词。例如：The machine won't run smoothly. 这台机器运转不灵。由句意可知用v.ing形式。
完成句子(3)他老是发工资之前就把钱花完了。He is always ________ ________ ________ money before payday.(4)My money has run out. (同义句转化)＝I have ________ ________ ________ my money.＝I have ________ ________ my money.＝My money has ________ ________ ________.答案：(3)running out of (4)run out of；used up；been used up
7．load装；装载①He is loading the goods into the back of the car.他正把货物装入车的后部。②They loaded the ship with coal.他们将煤装上船。注意：load sth. into sth. 将……装入……load sth. with sth. 将……装上……；使……装满
知识拓展load n．负荷；负担；运载的量I finally passed the exam and that was a load off my mind.我最终通过了考试，放下了心里的一块石头。注意：a load off one's mind解除心中的忧虑
即学即用完成句子(1)我们在我们的跑车上装满食物、水、水果和衣服，然后离开了。We ________ our sports car ________ all the food，water，fruit and clothes and then drove off.(2)谁将把沙子装到船上？Who will ________ the sand ________ the boat?(3)飞向北方的飞机装满了货物。The plane flying to the north ________ ________ ________goods.
语法填空(4)________(load) so much homework, many students come to be tired of school.答案：(1)loaded; with (2)load; onto (3)was loaded with(4)Loaded with 考查非谓语动词。be loaded with装载着。loaded with so much homework ＝because they are loaded with so much homework。load与句子主语many students之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以要用过去分词。
8．allow v．允许，准许。常用句式：allow sb. to do sth. /allow doing sth. /allow sb. sth.。The doctor allowed him to smoke.医生允许他吸烟。They do not allow smoking in public.他们不允许在公共场合吸烟。
知识拓展allow for 考虑到，顾及We'd better start earlier. We should allow for traffic delays.我们还是早些动身为好，我们要考虑到路上交通会有耽搁。
辨析
As a child, I was never allowed to stay up late.小时候，大人从不允许我熬夜。The rules of the club do not permit alcohol.俱乐部规定不许饮酒。Few politicians admit their mistakes.政客很少会承认自己的错误。
即学即用语法填空In the old society women were not allowed ________(work) outside.答案：to work 句意：在旧社会，不允许妇女外出工作。此题考查allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”的被动语态：sb. be allowed to do sth.。
9．criminal n．[C]罪犯 adj. 犯罪的 The criminal was put into prison for seven years.该罪犯被判七年有期徒刑。He has no criminal record.他没有犯罪记录。
知识拓展(1)crime n. [C，U]罪行；犯罪行为Drugsmuggling is a serious crime.毒品走私是严重的罪行。Crime is on the increase in big cities.在大城市里，犯罪正在逐渐增加。(2)各种crime：robbery murder car theft terrorism抢劫 谋杀 偷车 恐怖主义drug pushing/dealing毒品交易
即学即用语法填空Generally, a judge listens to the facts of a ________(crime) before he decides how to punish the ________(crime)．答案：crime; criminal crime“罪行；犯罪行为”；criminal“罪犯”。句意为：一般说来，法官先听取犯罪事实，再决定如何惩治罪犯。
10．command n. & v. 命令；控制；指挥①You must obey the captain's commands.你必须服从船长的命令。②He has 1,200 men under his command.他掌管着1,200人。
链接：具有“建议、命令、坚持、要求”等意义的词，接从句时，要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“(should)＋v.”。熟记下列顺口溜：一坚持：insist二命令：order, command三建议：suggest, propose, advise四要求：demand, desire, request, requireHe commanded that we(should)attack at once.他命令我们立即发起进攻。
知识拓展at command 掌握；可自由使用at sb.'s command 听某人支配by sb.'s command 受某人支配command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事have a good command of 精通……in command of “某人统帅……”，主语为人in the command of “某物在某人的统治之下”，主语一般是物
一言辨异“Who is in command of the army？”“The army is in the command of general Brown.”“谁统率陆军？”“陆军由布朗将军统率。”
即学即用用名词command的适当形式完成句子。(1)Fire________________________(我一下令)．(2)The army is________________________(由国王直接统率)．(3)The king________________________(统帅)the army.(4)He has________________________(精通)German.(5)Captain Cook commanded that all the goods________into the sea.
答案：(1)when I give the command(2)in the direct command of the king.(3)takes command of(4)a good command of(5)be thrown
11．charge n. 费用；要价；控诉；v. 要价；充电①The charge for a frontrow seat is 3.前排座位票价每张三美元。②How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle?他修理自行车收了你多少钱？③He was charged with stealing a car.他被指控偷了一辆汽车。④Does your car battery charge easily?你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗？
知识拓展have(the) charge of 负责……；主管……in charge 主管；负责；掌管take charge of 负责；看管under the charge of 在……看管/负责之下free of charge 免费in the charge of sb. 由某人负责；由某人照料/管理in charge of 负全责；照顾；在……掌管之下；由……经管
即学即用语法填空(1)A lot of products are on sale in that shop. You can buy two and pay for just one—the other is free of ________.完成句子(2)我叔叔掌管着这家公司。My uncle ________ ________ ________ the company.＝My uncle is ________ ________ ________ the company.＝The company is ________ ________ ________ ________ my uncle.
(3)一杯咖啡，他们向我要5美元。They ________ me 5 dollars ________ a cup of coffee.答案：(1)charge 句意：那家商店的好多东西都在打折。你买两件只需付一件的钱——另一件是免费的。charge“费用，价钱”，free of charge“免费的”；根据句意用charge。(2)takes charge of; in charge of; in the charge of(3)charged; for
12．attach vt.(1)安装；贴上；系上She attached a stamp to the envelope and then mailed it.她在信封上贴上邮票，然后寄了出去。(2)附加(署名、文件等)He attached his signature to the contract.他在合同书上签了字。(3)使(组织)属于(附属)……；使(人)属于……You'll be attached to this department until the end of the years.你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。
(4)给予(重要性)；认为；归于It is unwise to attach too much importance to the information.过于重视那个消息是不明智的。注意：attach为一词多义动词，为经常考查的对象。其拼写形式要和动词attack“袭击；攻击”和attract“吸引”区别开来。
链接：be attached to... 附属于……；依恋于……attach sth. to sth. 将某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上attach oneself to sb. 和某人一起attach to sb. 与某人相关联
即学即用语法填空(1)Parents ________ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.完成句子(2)这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。The hospital ________ ________ ________ the medical college nearby.
(3)该文件不能附加到你的邮箱中。The file cannot ________ ________ ________ your mailbox.(4)你忘了贴上邮票。You forget to ________ a stamp.答案：(1)attach 句意：家长很重视教育。他们将会尽最大努力给孩子那份无价之宝。attach much importance to... 认为……很重要；根据句意用attach。(2)is attached to (3)be attached to (4)attach
13．power n. 体能；智能；能力；势力；v. 使……有力量；供以动力(1)She claims to have the power to see the future.她自称能预知未来。(2)Atomic energy powers the submarine.原子能供给该潜艇动力。
知识拓展powerful adj. 强大的come to/into power(开始)掌权；上台in power 当权的；在朝的out of/beyond one's power不能胜任；力所不及的
辨析：power, energy, force与strength
The powers of the police need to be clearly defined.必须对警方的权限做出明确的规定。She is full of energy.她精力充沛。The soldiers took the prisoners away by force.士兵们强行把犯人带走了。For a small woman she has surprising strength.她个子虽小，但力大惊人。
即学即用语法填空—You are always full of________. Can you tell me the secret?—Taking plenty of exercise every day.答案：energy 本题考查名词词义。energy“精力”。be full of energy指“精力旺盛”。
1.be used to do... 被用来做……辨析：
一言辨异I used to play football on the playground, but now I am used to reading in the library and the knowledge I get can be used to equip myself.我过去常常在操场上踢足球，但现在我则习惯在图书馆里看书，以获取知识来武装自己。
注意：(1)用use短语时，一定分清意义：“用作”，“过去常常”还是“习惯于”。(2)used to do强调与现在的对比，而would只表示过去，无对比关系。(3)used to do的否定和疑问都有两种形式：
即学即用语法填空(北京高考改编)________(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A．Use B．UsingC．Used D．To use答案：C 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：小心使用，一桶能持续六周。use与one tin之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词。
2．be made of/be made from 由……组成(1)be made of 表示制成品仍然保持原材料的性质The chair is made of wood.这把椅子是木头做的。(2)be made from 表示制成品看不出原材料的性质Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头做的。
知识拓展be made up of 由……组成/构成be made in 由……制造的(in＋制造的地方)be made into... 被制成……be made out of... 由……改制而成
链接：make up 组成；弥补；补偿；化妆；虚构；草拟；包扎；调停make up for 补偿；弥补make up one's mind 下定决心make for 有助于；走向make out 看透；分清；弄清
即学即用语法填空American Indians________about five percent of the U．S. population.答案：make up 考查动词短语。句意为：美国印第安人占美国人口的百分之五。make up“形成；构成；编造；化妆；作出补偿”，符合句意。
3．for sure 肯定地该短语是一非正式用语，在句中一般作状语，相当于certainly, unquestionably, without doubt.
知识拓展be sure of 确信；深信make sure(of sth./that...) 弄清楚；确保sure to do sth. 一定；必定；无疑to be sure (承认事实)确实；诚然I am sure (口)的确；真的；一定sure enough 果真；的确；一定；毫无疑问That's for sure. 那是肯定的。
辨析：be sure of/that与be sure to do
即学即用You can only be sure of ________ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something ________ you might get in the future.答案：what；that 句意：你只能确定你目前所拥有的；你不能确定你将来可能得到什么。第一个空所填词引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语；第二个空所填词引导定语从句，先行词为something，故答案为what；that。
4．such as “例如；诸如此类的” 后面常接上述人或事物的解释语。I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.我游览过几个城市，像纽约、芝加哥、波士顿等。
辨析：such as, for example, namely(1)such as作“例如”解，用来列举事物，对前面提到的名词进行列举说明，放在名词与被列举的事物之间。He speaks several languages, such as English, French and Japanese.他会说几种外语，比如英语，法语和日语。注意：such as不能同and so on连用，不能说such as Jim, Jack and so on。
(2)for example意为“例如；比如”，在句中的位置较灵活，可以放在句首、句中或句尾，可用作独立成分，通常用逗号与所修饰的部分隔开。What would you do if you met a wild animal—a tiger, for instance？(可用for example)如果你见到野生动物，比如说——一只老虎，你会怎么办？
(3)namely是副词，意为“即；也就是”，放在被列举的事物前，要把前面的名词所应包含的事物全部列出；namely前需要有逗号，后面可以不用逗号。He speaks four languages, namely English, French, German and Russia.他说4种语言即英语、法语、德语和俄语。注意：namely要求所有项目全部列出，而such as只是作部分列举，所以，上面句中的namely不可换作such as。
即学即用语法填空My English teacher's humor was such________make every student burst into laughter.答案：as to such as接不定式表结果。句意为：我们英语老师的幽默是如此好笑，惹得每个学生都放声大笑起来。
5．rely on/upon 依赖；依靠I think I can come, but don't rely on it.我想我能来，但还说不定。You should rely on your own efforts.你应该靠自己的努力。Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help.现在我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。You can rely on me to help you.你可以靠我来帮助你。Don't rely on the bank lending you the money.不要对银行贷款抱太大希望。
知识拓展(1)rely on 常见结构：rely on＋n. /doing sth. 依赖……；对……抱有希望rely on sb. doing sth. 依靠某人某事rely on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事rely on it that... 依赖；依靠
(2)近义词组：depend on/upon 依靠；依赖We may need more food depending on how many people turn up.我们可能还需要些食物，不过这要看到场的人数。You can't depend on your parents to keep giving you money.你不能靠父母给你钱。—Can I depend on him?——我能相信他吗？—That depends.——那得视情况而定。
即学即用(1)你放心好了，他会来见你的。You may ________ ________ ________ ________ he will come to meet you.(2)我们不得不依靠他来进行这项设计。We have to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the design.(3)(2014·北京高一检测)—Can you help me with the maths homework, mom?—You can't always rely ________ others' help for your homework. Do it by yourself this time, dear.
答案：(1)rely on it that (2)rely on him to take(3)on 句意：——妈妈，你能帮我做一下数学作业吗？——你不能总是指望别人帮你做作业。亲爱的，这一次自己做。rely on依靠，依赖，符合句意。
6．find out找到；发现；查明①The teacher wanted to find out who had broken the door.老师想查明是谁弄坏了门。②Please find out what time the delegation will come.请查一查代表团什么时候来。
辨析
①Please find out when the ship sails for New York.请查看一下纽约的船什么时候起航。②After looking for half an hour, we found the lost child.经过半个小时的寻找，我们发现了走失的小孩。
即学即用完成句子(1)她在人行道上发现了一张照片。She ________ a picture lying on the pavement.(2)你知道飞机几点起飞吗？Can you ________ what time the plane leaves?(3)妻子发现她丈夫更喜欢印度。The wife ________ that her husband liked India better.
(4)我们很快就弄清了真相。We soon ________ the truth.(5)当简发现她的秘密的时候，玛丽很生气。Mary was angry when Jane ________ her secrets.答案：(1)found (2)find out (3)found out (4)found out (5)found
7.get rid of 摆脱；除去可用来指摆脱具体的人或物，也可以指抽象的疾病。He has been ill for more than one year and it seems that he can never get rid of the terrible disease.他病了一年多了，好像再也好不了了。
知识拓展(1)be rid of sb./sth.(formal) 摆脱She wanted to be rid of her parents and their authority.她想摆脱父母及权威的束缚。(2)rid sb./sth. of sb./sth. 除掉；去除Further measures will be taken to rid streets of crime.将采取进一步措施来防止街头犯罪。
即学即用语法填空(1)We must ________ those bad habits if we want to succeed.完成句子(2)她的哀愁很难排除。Her sadness and worry are difficult to ________ ________ ________.(3)我如何能让自己摆脱恐惧呢？How can I ________ myself ________ fear?
答案：(1)get rid of 句意：如果我们想成功的话，必须去除那些坏习惯。get rid of去除，符合题意。(2)get rid of (3)rid; of
8．instead of 代替；顶替If you cannot go, he'll go instead of you.如果你不能去，他愿替你去。
辨析：instead与instead of(1)instead是副词，意思是“代替；顶替”，通常被放在句尾，在句中作状语。(2)instead of是介词词组，意思除了“代替”外还有“而不是”之意。与一般介词词组不同的是，instead of除了后接名词、代词，也可以接动词的ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。它谈及的前后两个客体在意义结构上是对等的平行关系。
①He gave me some advice instead of some money.＝He didn't give me any money. He gave me some advice instead.他没给我钱，而是给了我一些建议。②I go to school by bike instead of on foot.＝I don't go to school on foot. Instead I go to school by bike.我骑自行车而不是步行去上学。
链接：(同)in place of 代替 rather than 而不是 take the place of 替代注意：in place of后通常只接名词或代词。
即学即用语法填空Last night Mr. Crook didn't come back at the usual time.________， he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.答案：Instead 考查副词。句意为：昨天晚上克鲁克先生没有像往常一样回家，而是和朋友们在外面一直呆到深夜。instead“却；而是”。
9．carry out实行；进行；执行；完成We intend to carry out our new policy.我们打算实行新政策。注意：carry out短语中out是副词，宾语若是代词，代词放在carry与out中间；宾语若是名词，可放在其后或中间。
知识拓展carry off 赢得；获得；夺去carry/bring into effect 使生效；使起作用carry on with sth./doing sth. 继续下去；坚持下去；从事；经营carry sb. through 帮某人渡过难关carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现
①She carried off most of the prizes for swimming.她获得了游泳项目的大多数奖项。②We must carry on till success although we may meet with a lot of difficulties.尽管我们会遇到很多困难，但是我们必须坚持下去，直到成功。
即学即用语法填空The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if________(carry out) regularly, can improve our health.答案：carried out 句意：这项实验表明如果定期进行适量锻炼的话会改善我们的健康状况。此处为if从句的省略形式，完整的句子为：...if they are carried out regularly，...。根据省略原则，把相同的主语和系动词be省去。
10．look out意为“当心；小心”，相当于watch out, take care, be careful. 后接for，可表示“当心什么”，表示警告，尤指有危险。它还可表示“向外看”。①Look out! There's a car coming!小心！有车来了！②Do look out for spelling mistakes in your home work.一定要当心你作业中的拼写错误。
知识拓展look after 照顾；照料；管理look round 环顾四周look for 寻找；希望得到look forward to 盼望look into 调查；了解look down on/upon 俯视；轻视某人look up to 向上看；尊敬look on as 把……看作；认为look through 通过……看；检查
即学即用语法填空It is reported that the police will soon look________ the case of the two missing children.答案：into 考查了动词短语。句意为“据报道警察将会很快调查这两起儿童失踪案件。”look into意为“调查”，符合句意。
11．use up 用完Don't use up all the soap. Leave me some to wash with. 不要把肥皂用尽，留一些给我。知识拓展use up 吃光；耗尽The soldiers are used up after the long battle.那些士兵经过漫长的战斗之后，已经筋疲力尽了。
辨析
Our time is running out＝We are running out of time. 我们剩下的时间不多了。Scientists predict that the world's oil supply will soon give out/run out.科学家们预测世界石油供应很快就要耗尽了。
即学即用语法填空Don't use________ all the resource; leave some to the coming generations.答案：up 句意：不要把所有的资源用尽，留一些给我们的子孙。use up“用光，用尽”，符合题意。
1.Would you like to live in it? 你愿意住在里面吗？would like 想；愿意知识拓展would like＋sth.would like to do sth. 想做某事would like sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事would like to have done sth. 想做某事(但没做成)
①I would like a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。②Would you like to stay there long?你想在那儿久留吗？③I would like you to come here early tomorrow.我想让你明天早点来这儿。④I would like to have attended your birthday party last week, but I was ill.上周我本想去参加你的生日聚会，可我病了。
提示：(1)would like也可用should like, would/should love等替换，但would like适用于各种人称，should like多用于第一人称。(2)would like/love后接不定式时，在简略回答中常用省略形式，只保留不定式符号to，不定式的完成形式保留到to have。
即学即用语法填空Who would you like________(do) the job?答案：to do would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。
2．What will the city of the future look like?未来的城市将会是什么样子呢？本句话中用了“What will/do/did...＋主语＋look like？”句型结构，表示“主语看起来像什么样”，主要用来询问外在的情况，也可提问主语的性格或特征。
注意：此句中的like是介词，不是动词(喜欢)。①Hi, Jack, would you please tell me what the new teacher looks like?嗨，杰克，你能告诉我新来的老师长什么样吗？②What does that book look like?那本书看上去如何？
辨析：What do/does sb. like与What be sb./sth. like与How do you like sb./sth.(1)What do/does sb. like?表示“某人喜欢什么？”What do you usually like most in your school?在你的学校，你最喜欢什么？(2)What be sb./sth. like? 表示“主语像什么样？”可以用来询问外在的情况，也可提问主语的性格或特征。①Could you tell me what your baby son is like?你能告诉我你的儿子长什么样吗？
②What is your little brother like?你的弟弟性格如何？ (3)How do you like sb./sth. 询问“对某人/某事的评价”(like也可换成find)How do you like the film shown yesterday?你对昨天放映的那部电影有何评价？
即学即用语法填空How do you ________ the film shown yesterday.答案：like/find 句意：你认为昨天放映的那部电影怎么样？
3．But one thing is certain—they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但有一件事是可以肯定的——它们将会先变大，然后再变小。破折号后面的这一分句中含有由before引导的时间状语从句，首先注意时态呼应。before的基本意义是“在……之前”。其翻译句型主要有下列几种：
(1)“在……之前”，这时主句的动作发生在前，其引导的从句动作发生在后。Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.在驾驶公共汽车前，他们必须通过专门测验。 (2)“……后才……”，此时before从句强调从句动作发生得晚或慢，主句动作往往延续的时间长，表示“过了多久以后才发生某一动作”。He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎要把我撞倒时才看见我。
(3)“就；便；快”等，此时主句的谓语动词为否定形式。It was not long before they rose up and kicked the enemy out of the country.不久他们就起来反抗并把敌人赶出了他们的国家。(4)“还没来得及……就……”，此时往往强调从句动作发生之前主句动作已发生。The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his child.他还没来得及冲进屋子救出孩子，房顶就倒塌了。
注意：在写作中，我们可以经常使用这个句式，如：before we know/realize it表示“不知不觉中”。
(5)“趁着还没有”。I must write it down before I forget it.我必须趁着还没忘记它就把它写下来。(6)在某些习语中还可译为“先……再……”。Look before you leap.三思而后行。
即学即用语法填空(1)The girl had hardly rung the bell __________the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 答案：before 考查连词。had hardly done sth. before/when表示“一……就……”。又如：We had hardly started before/when it began to rain.我们刚出发，就开始下雨。
(2)John thinks it won't be long________he is ready for his new job.答案：before 句意：John认为用不了多久他就会为自己的新工作做好准备。It won't be long before... 是个固定句型，意为“用不了多久就……”。
4．To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50 000 people in the year 2050.为了解年轻人的对未来城市生活的观点，美国得克萨斯州一所大学的一位老师让他的学生们考虑他们将如何管理2025年一个拥有5万人口的城市。
to find out what young people think about the future of urban life是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。当作目的状语的不定式短语放于句首时，常用逗号与句子隔开；放于句中则不用逗号。为了使目的更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以用in order to或so as to，但要注意so as to不能用于句首。①He came to Australia to study kangaroos.他去澳洲是为了研究袋鼠。②I've written it down in order(so as) not to forget.我把它记下来，主要是防止忘了。③He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.他大声叫喊并挥着手以便能被注意到。
即学即用语法填空(1)With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________(buy) presents for my dad.答案：to buy 句意：父亲节即将到来之际，我从银行取了一些钱给父亲买礼物。不定式短语在句中作状语，表目的。(2)All of them try to use the power of the workstation________(present) information in a more effective way.答案：to present 此处考查不定式作目的状语。
(3)(北京高考改编)Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________(stay) away.答案：to stay 本题考查非谓语动词。 句意：鸟的叫声有时是为了让别的鸟别过来的警告。由句意可知，用不定式表目的。
5．To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料，朝太阳发射，以防止垃圾填埋和环境问题的发生。(1)to get rid of garbage problems是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。preventing landfill and environmental problems是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.暴风雨过去了，对这个地区造成了巨大的破坏。
注意：①分词作结果状语，通常表示一个自然形成的结果，是前面所述动作的直接结果。A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而产量增加了。②不定式作结果状语，经常表示继谓语动作发生后才出现了的一个相反或出乎意料的结果，常表示“没想到……”；“结果却……”；“未料……”等意思。其前常加些如just，only等词修饰，以示强调。I arrived at the station in a hurry, only to find the train had left.我匆忙地赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。
即学即用(1)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，______(enable)the students to return to their classrooms.答案：enabling 句意：这个退休的老人把他大部分的积蓄都捐给了玉树地震中的受灾学校，使学生们能够重返课堂。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。the man与enable之间是主动关系，故应用其ving形式来作结果状语。
(2)It rained heavily in the south，________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.答案：causing 句意：南方下雨很大，结果造成了几个省严重被淹。本题考查动词的现在分词在句中作结果状语，强调主句动作发生后导致的结果，表示自然而然的结果。(3)The news shocked the public，________(lead) to great concern about students' safety at school.答案：leading 句意：这条消息令社会震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的极大关注。本题考查非谓语动词。根据本句的结构来看，引起的关注正是这条消息令公众震惊的同时所引起的结果，即结果状语，现在分词可作结果状语，符合题意。
6．Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是子弹。(1)在本句中，by意为“依靠；借助于”，后常接表示方式、手段的词。“by＋动词的ing形式”表示“通过……的方式”。①He made a living by teaching.他通过教书谋生。②What do you mean by saying that?你那么说什么意思？
注意：by表示方式时，也可以接名词作宾语。with表方式，后接具体工具。①The house is heated by gas.这房子是煤气供暖的。②May I pay by cheque?我能用支票付款吗？③It's not fair to judge people by their appearance.以貌取人是不公平的。
(2)fire在此为动词，意为“射击”，此外还有其他含义，如“开除；解除；激起(热情等)”。①She got fired from her first job.她第一次工作就被解雇。②Your speech fired the children's admiration.你的演讲激起了孩子们的羡慕之情。
即学即用语法填空(1)If you really have to leave during the meeting, you'd better leave________the back door.答案：by 本题考查了介词的用法。by表示“经过；沿；经由”。句意为“如果会议期间你必须得离开，你最好从后门走”。(2)Try on this red skirt; you will look great________it.答案：in 考查介词。此处(be)in＋sth.表示“穿着”或“戴着”之意。
7．Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.每个人一生出就会得到一个电话号码，将来无论他们生活在哪儿，这个号码都不会改变。本句使用了一个由that引导的定语从句，关系代词作主语，从句修饰先行词a telephone number，而从句中又含有一个由no matter where引导的让步状语从句。
no matter引导让步状语从句，常与what, who, when, where, which, how等连用，置于主句之前或之后，意为“无论/不管……”，从句用陈述语序。no matter what/who/where/how＝whatever/whoever/wherever /howeverNo matter who knocks, don't open the door.(＝Whoever knocks...)不论谁敲门，你都不要开。
提示：whatever, whichever, whoever还可以引导名词性从句，此时不能转化为引导让步状语从句的no matter what(which, who, whom)。It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he wants.人们普遍认为，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。(句中的whatever引导宾语从句，不能用no matter what替换。)
即学即用语法填空(1)—How about camping this weekend, just for a change?—OK，________you want.答案：whatever 句意：“这个周末改变一下出去野营如何？”“行，你喜欢干什么都行”。whatever“无论……事物；任何……的事物”，符合题意。
(2)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions________had used the products.答案：whoever 句意：为了提高我们的产品的质量，我们向任何用过我们产品的人征求了建议。本题考查名词性从句的引导词。从本句的语境来看，引导词需要做动词asked的宾语，还要做从句中had used动词的主语，且表示具体的人，故用whoever，同：anyone who。
(3)(辽宁高考改编)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ________ he could find about Mark Twain.答案：whatever 本题考查名词性从句。句意：这个新来的人前几天到图书馆去寻找他能找到的关于马克吐温的东西。空格处需引导宾语从句作介词for的宾语，同时要作find的宾语；然后根据句意表示“无论什么东西”，故用whatever。
8．Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.随着每一个城市都有了自己的远程诊所，医生能从数千里以外为病人动手术的远程治疗会非常普及。with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic是with复合结构。with复合结构通常是“with＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/分词/不定式/介词短语”，常用来作状语，表示条件、原因、方式、时间、伴随情况等。
I went out with the window open.(with＋名词＋形容词)我外出时没关窗户。She sleeps with the light on.(with＋名词＋副词)她开着灯睡觉。With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here.(with＋代词＋不定式)由于有很重要的事情和你商量，你必须留下。The man entered the room, with a book in his hand.(with＋名词＋介词短语)这个男人手里拿着本书进了房间。
即学即用语法填空①The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already________(lay) for a meal to be cooked.答案：laid 考查with的复合结构。table与lay之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即lay the table“摆放桌子”；因此用laid作宾补。
②Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions________(take)?答案：taken 句意为“现在，我们已经讨论了问题， 人们满意要采取的决定吗？”take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
9．...medical treatment in which the doctor cuts open your body 医生把你的身体剖开的医疗治疗该结构中，关系代词which引导的定语从句用来代替medical treatment，并且将介词in提前，可以改为medical treatment which the doctor cuts open your body in，这时关系代词也可以使用that。
即学即用语法填空The newlybuilt cafe，the walls of________are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.答案：which 句意：新建的咖啡馆的墙壁被刷成了淡绿色，对我们来说真是个安静的好地方，尤其是辛劳的工作之后。本题考查定语从句。the＋名词＋of＋关系代词引导定语从句。
Ⅰ.单词拼写1．We use highquality raw m________ for our goods.2．This great p________ is coming true.3．Sport and r________ have always been part of university life.4．The c________ went unpunished in Carnival in Venice.5．The police a________ the man who had stolen a car.6．The admission c________ for the concert is $150.7．They are building a ________(诊所) near here.8．Blindness is a very serious ________(残疾)．
9．We must ________(限制) our expenditure.10．This plan sounds good. But it's very hard to________ out(实施) in practice.答案：1.materials 2.prediction 3.recreation 4.crimes 5.arrested 6.charge 7.clinic 8.disability 9.limit 10．carry
Ⅱ.完成句子1．他肯定在一小时之内到达这儿。He'll be here ________ ________ within an hour.2．我试了各种药来摆脱这次感冒。I have tried all sorts of medicine __________ __________ __________ __________ this cold.3．不能指望她讲事实。She can't ________ ________ ________ to tell the truth.
4．把最近的照片贴在申请表上。Please ________ a recent photo ________ the application form.5．未来的城市会是什么样子呢？________ will the city of the future ________ ________？6．他冒着生命危险救了我的性命。He saved my life ________ ________ ________ ________ losing his own.7．他父亲命令他在家学习。His father commanded that he __________ __________ __________ to study.
8．他没有熄灯就睡着了。He fell asleep ________ ________ ________ ________.9．这儿谁负责？Who ________ ________ ________ here?答案：1.for sure 2.to get rid of 3.be relied on 4.attach; to 5.What; look like 6.at the risk of 7.stay at home 8.with the lamp on 9.is in charge
Ⅲ.语法填空1．—Do you have an ________ way to solve this problem?—No, this is the only way, I think.答案：alternative 句意：——你有解决这个问题的其他方法吗？——没有，我想这是唯一的方法。alternative“供选择的”，符合句意。2．If you don't know the answer ________sure, think about it again before you put up your hand.答案：for 句意：如果你不确定答案，在你举手之前再考虑一下。for sure＝for certain“确定地”，一般用来修饰动词。
3．I've used________ all the water. We have to find some more.答案：up 句意：我已用光了所有的水，我们不得不再找一些。use up＝(run out of)，主语是人，符合要求。4．Bob ________(arrest) by four policemen the moment he stepped down from the plane—he was a criminal for selling drugs from one country to another.答案：was arrested 句意：鲍勃刚下飞机就被四个警察逮捕——他是一名国际贩毒罪犯。arrest“逮捕”，由题意可知用被动语态。
5．It's________ that things will change sooner or later.答案：certain 句意：事情肯定早晚会变的。be certain“确定”，it作形式主语。6．Don't waste your time ________(repair) you old car.答案：repairing 句意：不要浪费时间修你的旧车。此题考查句型waste time doing“浪费时间做某事”。7．He charged me two dollars ________(give) me the help.答案：for giving 句意：他帮助了我，收费两美元。考查charge sb.for doing sth.“因为……收费”。
8．He gave a command that each of them ________(come) at seven o'clock.答案：come 句意：他命令他们每个人都7点到达。command后跟从句用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可省略。9．Try to limit your speech ________ ten minutes.答案：to 句意：试着把你的演讲限制在10分钟之内。考查limit“限制”用法，limit常常和介词to连用，表示“限制到……(范围之内)”。
10．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree.答案：against 句意：累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。against“倚着，靠着”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁边”；in“在……里面或(时间)……之后”。
英语
外研版 · 必修4
Life in the Future
Module 1
1.1.1 集合的概念
第一课时 Introduction & Reading
1.1.1 集合的概念
Module 1
Ⅰ.速记单词1．________(adj.)替换的；供选择的2．________(adj.)都市的；城市的3．________(vt.)逮捕；拘留4．________(vt.)开火；启动5．________(n.)命令；指令6．________(n.)费用；价钱(vt.)要价；指控7．________(n.)开关(vi.)交换；调换8．________(vt.)系；贴；连接
alternative
urban
arrest
fire
command
charge
switch
attach
9．crime(n.)罪；罪行→________(n.)罪犯；犯人10．________(n.)预测→predict(vt.)预言；预料11．________(vt.)装；装载→unload(vt.)卸；卸载→download(vt.)下载12．________(adv.)户外→outdoor(adj.)户外的13．power(vt.)供给动力→________(adj.)强大的14．________(n.)失去能力；伤残→ability(n.)能力→________(adj.)能的→unable(adj.)不能的
criminal
load
prediction
outdoors
powerful
disability
able
Ⅱ.短语互译1．(某物)用完；不多了；没有了 _______2．依靠 _______3．除掉；处理掉 _________4．免费 ____________5．用完 ______6．for sure ______7．place an order ____8．carry out __________9．attach... to... ________________10．at the flick of a switch _____________
run out
rely on
get rid of
free of charge
use up
肯定地
订购
执行；完成
把……系到……上
轻轻一按开关
Ⅲ.完成句子1．为了清除垃圾，城市将用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃物并把它们朝太阳发射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境问题。__________________________， the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun，_______________________________________. (不定式作目的状语；v.ing作结果状语)2．每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change ____________________.(让步状语从句)
To get rid of garbage problems
preventing landfill and environmental problems
no matter where they live
3．所有的汽车都将由电能、太阳能或风能提供动力，并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and ______________________________________at the flick of a switch.(it be＋adj.＋to do sth.)4．随着每个城市拥有自己的远程手术门诊部，医生将能在数千英里以外实施手术，远程手术将会变得十分普遍。Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, ________________________________________________.(with复合结构)
it will be possible to change the colour of cars
with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic
5．通过系在头上的高科技照相机，老年人和身体有残疾的人就能周游世界。Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using hightech cameras __________________. (过去分词作定语)
attached to their head
Ⅳ.语篇理解Step 1 IntroductionMatch the building materials with the pictures.A．brick B．glass C．plastic D．rubber E．wood
Step 2 FastreadingⅠ.Read the passage fast and fill in the blanks with proper words.
Ⅱ.True (T) or False (F)．1．In the future, police will always arrest criminals by guns.( )2．In the future all shopping will be done online.( )3．Recreation will be free in the future.( )4．People won't smoke in the future.( )5．In the future, doctors will carry out operations from thousands of miles away.( )
Step 3 CarefulreadingChoose the best answers according to the passage.1．What is for sure about the cities in the future?A．They are getting bigger before they get smaller.B．They are getting smaller before they get bigger.C．They are getting smaller and smaller.D．They will keep the same as today.
2．When will a man get his telephone number in the future?A．When he is 18 years old.B．When he is 14 years old.C．When he gets married.D．After he is born.
3．Which is NOT true in the year 2025 according to the text?A．No smoking.B．Batman nets.C．Garbage ships.D．Cars powered by wind.
4．Why do people care more about the environment in the future?A．Because they can use recycled materials.B．Because they have improved the sense of environment.C．Because the earth's natural resources are running out.D．Because there are more people in the world.
5．What can you do in the year 2025?A．I can go shopping in the malls.B．I can entertain freely.C．I have to go to hospital to get operated on.D．I can smoke in the city.
Step 4 SummaryFill in the blanks according to the passage. What will the city of the future 1.________？ 2.______ is a risky business. One thing is that 3.________ the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources 4.________. 5.________， there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. Here are some ideas that young people create：
Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change 6.________ where' they live. Everyone will do shopping and 7.________ online.Doctors will 8.________ operations from thousands of miles away and distance surgery will become common.Senior citizens and people 9.________ will be able to go anywhere using hightech cameras 10.________their head.
Step 5 DiscussionThere are some predictions made in the passage. Let's have a discussion in pairs and find out which prediction is the strangest or most useful, and which do you think will come true first and which last.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Step 1 1～5 BEADCStep 2 Ⅰ.1.size 2.care for 3.urban lifeⅡ.1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.TStep 3 1～5 ADACBStep 4 1.look like 2.Making predictions 3.care for 4．run out 5.However 6.no matter 7.place orders 8. carry out 9.with disabilities 10. attached to
Step 5①I think “Forget smoking” is most useful. People in the future will pay more attention to their health and lead a more comfortable life, but smoking is bad for their health, so smoking won't be allowed.②I find the prediction about “Batman nets” very strange. How police will use it to catch criminals seems very strange.
③I feel the prediction about telesurgery very strange. How will doctors diagnose illnesses for the patients? ④In my opinion, the prediction about cars will come true first, for now many motorcycles powered by electricity are on sale in shops, which is friendly to the environment, so they are very popular.
1.describe vt.(1)描写；描绘；叙述；形容Words can't describe my joy.我的快乐，难以言表。(2)把……说成(describe...as...)describe an idea as(being)original说一种想法很独特(3)画(图形)The missile described a curve across the night sky.导弹在夜空中划出了一道弧线。
知识拓展describable adj. 描绘的；描写的description n. 描写；描述；形容；叙述链接：describe sb./sth. to/for sb. 向/为某人描述……describe sb./sth. as... 把……描述/称为……
即学即用语法填空Jim was described____________his colleagues____________ “unusual”．答案：by; as 固定搭配。句意为：吉姆被他的同事描述成“非同一般的”。
2．waste vt. 浪费；消耗；使荒芜Don't waste time persuading him to do this work.不要浪费时间说服他做这件工作了。
知识拓展1)waste n. 浪费；损耗；垃圾adj. 废弃的；荒芜的waste当动词用时，常用于waste time/money on sth. 在……上浪费时间/金钱；waste time/money(in) doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事。当名词时，常用于It is a waste of time to do... 做……是浪费时间。Don't waste your time chatting on line.不要把时间浪费在上网聊天上。It is a waste of time to listen to her music.听她的音乐是浪费时间。
2)类似waste time/money(in) doing sth.的句型：spend time(in) doing 花时间做某事have difficulty(in) doing 做某事有困难Every day he spends half an hour (in) reading English.他每天花半小时的时间读英语。The disabled man had much difficulty (in) climbing the hill, but he succeeded.那位残疾人爬山很困难，但是他成功了。
即学即用(1)翻译句子①我不得不花一些时间改写我的剧本。(spend)__________________________________________________②这个女孩在学数学方面有困难。(difficulty)__________________________________________________③不要浪费时间闲逛了。(waste)__________________________________________________答案：①I had to spend some time rewriting my play.②The girl has some difficulty learning maths.③Don't waste time wandering.
(2)语法填空—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he does________(write)．答案：writing 句意：——你知道保罗整天做什么吗？——据我所知，他花在玩上的时间至少和花在写作上的时间一样多。此题变相考查spend time(in) doing sth. “花时间做某事”。does代替spends, 即spend time(in) writing“花时间写作”。
3．alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的(1)adj. 替换的；二者择一的；供选择的The road was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.这条路被封锁了，因此我们走了另一条路。alternative energy 可替代能源an alternative plan 替代方案 (2)n. 二者择一；可供选择的办法/事物；选择余地have no alternative but “除……外别无选择；只好……”，后接to do sth.。They offered project alternatives to us.他们向我们提供了项目方案。
辨析：alternative与choice(1)alternative指在两者之间作出选择；(2)choice指一般意义上的选择。①That's the only alternative.没有选择余地。(没有第二个选择)②Choice of the goal covers choice of the means.目标的选择包含着手段的选择。
知识拓展(1)alternative无比较级形式。(2)alternate v. 轮流；交流；更迭；adj. 轮流的；可代替的；alter vt. 变更
即学即用语法填空If you don't like the school lunch, you have the ________ of bringing your own.答案：alternative 句意：要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。alternative adj.“可替换的，可代替的”；n.选择余地。
4．prediction n. [C，U]预测The results of the experiment confirmed our predictions.实验结果证实了我们的预测。It's difficult to make accurate predictions about its effects on man's health.很难准确预测它对人类健康产生的影响。
知识拓展predict vt. 预言；预告；预测The fortune teller predicted that he would marry at the age of 30.算命先生预言他会在30岁时结婚。It's impossible to predict who will win the competition.无法预测谁会赢得比赛。
辨析：predict与forecast
It's hard to predict when it will happen.很难预测它何时发生。The teacher forecast that most students would pass the exam.老师预测大多数学生会通过考试。
即学即用语法填空It ________(predict) that solar energy will become the major energy in the future, though it's not quite sure.答案：is predicted 根据后半句“... though it's not quite sure.”可知，前半句仅仅是一种预测，故应用predict。It is predicted that...意为：据预测。
5．risky adj.危险的；冒险的It is risky to make such a decision.作这样的一个决定是冒险的。
知识拓展risk n. 危险；风险v．冒……的危险常见搭配at the risk of冒……的危险Unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits increase the risk of heart disease.不健康的行为，比如不好的饮食习惯，会增加心脏病的风险。
注意：risk当动词用的时候，后面常跟动名词作宾语。They would not allow him to risk swimming across the river.他们不允许他冒险游过这条河。
即学即用语法填空He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk ________(lose) the good opportunity.答案：losing risk后面接动名词，句子的主语he和lose之间是主动关系，故用动词ing的主动形式。
6．run(1)n. 跑；奔；短途旅行There are no stops on the run to the coast.在去海滨的路途中没有车站。(2)vi. & vt.①跑；奔He ran across the road.他跑过了马路。
②(机器)转动；运转The engine runs well.发动机运转良好。③延伸；继续The road runs beside the river.这条路沿着河边延伸。④经营；管理It's said that they are running a restaurant abroad.据说他们在国外经营一家餐馆。
知识拓展in the long run 从长远的观点来看；毕竟；终究in the short run 从短期来看；在短期内run across 无意间碰到run after 追逐；追求run against 撞上；违反run away 逃跑
run away with (感情等)战胜；不受约束run over (车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；游览run into sb./sth. 偶遇某人/某物run through 浏览run out 逃开；用完
注意：(1)run out意为“……用完了”，为不及物动词，主语通常为时间、金钱、食物等。(2)run out of意为“用完了……”，为及物动词，表主动意义，主语一般为人。Her money has been run out of and her patience is also running out.她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。
即学即用语法填空(1)—Do you think we should accept that offer?—Yes, we should, for we________(have) such bad luck up till now, and time________(run) out.答案：have had; is running 考查时态。由up till now确定第一空应用完成时态。run out为不及物动词，无被动语态，由句意可知用现在进行时。
(2)They use computers to keep the traffic________(run) smoothly.答案：running 本题题意：他们使用计算机来保持交通畅通无阻。keep表示“保持或继续处于…的状态”，后接形容词，现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、名词以及副词等担任宾语补足语，但不能采用不定式(短语)。例如：Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。此外，run表示“运转；运行”时，通常用作不及物动词。例如：The machine won't run smoothly. 这台机器运转不灵。由句意可知用v.ing形式。
完成句子(3)他老是发工资之前就把钱花完了。He is always ________ ________ ________ money before payday.(4)My money has run out. (同义句转化)＝I have ________ ________ ________ my money.＝I have ________ ________ my money.＝My money has ________ ________ ________.答案：(3)running out of (4)run out of；used up；been used up
7．load装；装载①He is loading the goods into the back of the car.他正把货物装入车的后部。②They loaded the ship with coal.他们将煤装上船。注意：load sth. into sth. 将……装入……load sth. with sth. 将……装上……；使……装满
知识拓展load n．负荷；负担；运载的量I finally passed the exam and that was a load off my mind.我最终通过了考试，放下了心里的一块石头。注意：a load off one's mind解除心中的忧虑
即学即用完成句子(1)我们在我们的跑车上装满食物、水、水果和衣服，然后离开了。We ________ our sports car ________ all the food，water，fruit and clothes and then drove off.(2)谁将把沙子装到船上？Who will ________ the sand ________ the boat?(3)飞向北方的飞机装满了货物。The plane flying to the north ________ ________ ________goods.
语法填空(4)________(load) so much homework, many students come to be tired of school.答案：(1)loaded; with (2)load; onto (3)was loaded with(4)Loaded with 考查非谓语动词。be loaded with装载着。loaded with so much homework ＝because they are loaded with so much homework。load与句子主语many students之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以要用过去分词。
8．allow v．允许，准许。常用句式：allow sb. to do sth. /allow doing sth. /allow sb. sth.。The doctor allowed him to smoke.医生允许他吸烟。They do not allow smoking in public.他们不允许在公共场合吸烟。
知识拓展allow for 考虑到，顾及We'd better start earlier. We should allow for traffic delays.我们还是早些动身为好，我们要考虑到路上交通会有耽搁。
辨析
As a child, I was never allowed to stay up late.小时候，大人从不允许我熬夜。The rules of the club do not permit alcohol.俱乐部规定不许饮酒。Few politicians admit their mistakes.政客很少会承认自己的错误。
即学即用语法填空In the old society women were not allowed ________(work) outside.答案：to work 句意：在旧社会，不允许妇女外出工作。此题考查allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”的被动语态：sb. be allowed to do sth.。
9．criminal n．[C]罪犯 adj. 犯罪的 The criminal was put into prison for seven years.该罪犯被判七年有期徒刑。He has no criminal record.他没有犯罪记录。
知识拓展(1)crime n. [C，U]罪行；犯罪行为Drugsmuggling is a serious crime.毒品走私是严重的罪行。Crime is on the increase in big cities.在大城市里，犯罪正在逐渐增加。(2)各种crime：robbery murder car theft terrorism抢劫 谋杀 偷车 恐怖主义drug pushing/dealing毒品交易
即学即用语法填空Generally, a judge listens to the facts of a ________(crime) before he decides how to punish the ________(crime)．答案：crime; criminal crime“罪行；犯罪行为”；criminal“罪犯”。句意为：一般说来，法官先听取犯罪事实，再决定如何惩治罪犯。
10．command n. & v. 命令；控制；指挥①You must obey the captain's commands.你必须服从船长的命令。②He has 1,200 men under his command.他掌管着1,200人。
链接：具有“建议、命令、坚持、要求”等意义的词，接从句时，要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“(should)＋v.”。熟记下列顺口溜：一坚持：insist二命令：order, command三建议：suggest, propose, advise四要求：demand, desire, request, requireHe commanded that we(should)attack at once.他命令我们立即发起进攻。
知识拓展at command 掌握；可自由使用at sb.'s command 听某人支配by sb.'s command 受某人支配command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事have a good command of 精通……in command of “某人统帅……”，主语为人in the command of “某物在某人的统治之下”，主语一般是物
一言辨异“Who is in command of the army？”“The army is in the command of general Brown.”“谁统率陆军？”“陆军由布朗将军统率。”
即学即用用名词command的适当形式完成句子。(1)Fire________________________(我一下令)．(2)The army is________________________(由国王直接统率)．(3)The king________________________(统帅)the army.(4)He has________________________(精通)German.(5)Captain Cook commanded that all the goods________into the sea.
答案：(1)when I give the command(2)in the direct command of the king.(3)takes command of(4)a good command of(5)be thrown
11．charge n. 费用；要价；控诉；v. 要价；充电①The charge for a frontrow seat is 3.前排座位票价每张三美元。②How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle?他修理自行车收了你多少钱？③He was charged with stealing a car.他被指控偷了一辆汽车。④Does your car battery charge easily?你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗？
知识拓展have(the) charge of 负责……；主管……in charge 主管；负责；掌管take charge of 负责；看管under the charge of 在……看管/负责之下free of charge 免费in the charge of sb. 由某人负责；由某人照料/管理in charge of 负全责；照顾；在……掌管之下；由……经管
即学即用语法填空(1)A lot of products are on sale in that shop. You can buy two and pay for just one—the other is free of ________.完成句子(2)我叔叔掌管着这家公司。My uncle ________ ________ ________ the company.＝My uncle is ________ ________ ________ the company.＝The company is ________ ________ ________ ________ my uncle.
(3)一杯咖啡，他们向我要5美元。They ________ me 5 dollars ________ a cup of coffee.答案：(1)charge 句意：那家商店的好多东西都在打折。你买两件只需付一件的钱——另一件是免费的。charge“费用，价钱”，free of charge“免费的”；根据句意用charge。(2)takes charge of; in charge of; in the charge of(3)charged; for
12．attach vt.(1)安装；贴上；系上She attached a stamp to the envelope and then mailed it.她在信封上贴上邮票，然后寄了出去。(2)附加(署名、文件等)He attached his signature to the contract.他在合同书上签了字。(3)使(组织)属于(附属)……；使(人)属于……You'll be attached to this department until the end of the years.你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。
(4)给予(重要性)；认为；归于It is unwise to attach too much importance to the information.过于重视那个消息是不明智的。注意：attach为一词多义动词，为经常考查的对象。其拼写形式要和动词attack“袭击；攻击”和attract“吸引”区别开来。
链接：be attached to... 附属于……；依恋于……attach sth. to sth. 将某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上attach oneself to sb. 和某人一起attach to sb. 与某人相关联
即学即用语法填空(1)Parents ________ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.完成句子(2)这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。The hospital ________ ________ ________ the medical college nearby.
(3)该文件不能附加到你的邮箱中。The file cannot ________ ________ ________ your mailbox.(4)你忘了贴上邮票。You forget to ________ a stamp.答案：(1)attach 句意：家长很重视教育。他们将会尽最大努力给孩子那份无价之宝。attach much importance to... 认为……很重要；根据句意用attach。(2)is attached to (3)be attached to (4)attach
13．power n. 体能；智能；能力；势力；v. 使……有力量；供以动力(1)She claims to have the power to see the future.她自称能预知未来。(2)Atomic energy powers the submarine.原子能供给该潜艇动力。
知识拓展powerful adj. 强大的come to/into power(开始)掌权；上台in power 当权的；在朝的out of/beyond one's power不能胜任；力所不及的
辨析：power, energy, force与strength
The powers of the police need to be clearly defined.必须对警方的权限做出明确的规定。She is full of energy.她精力充沛。The soldiers took the prisoners away by force.士兵们强行把犯人带走了。For a small woman she has surprising strength.她个子虽小，但力大惊人。
即学即用语法填空—You are always full of________. Can you tell me the secret?—Taking plenty of exercise every day.答案：energy 本题考查名词词义。energy“精力”。be full of energy指“精力旺盛”。
1.be used to do... 被用来做……辨析：
一言辨异I used to play football on the playground, but now I am used to reading in the library and the knowledge I get can be used to equip myself.我过去常常在操场上踢足球，但现在我则习惯在图书馆里看书，以获取知识来武装自己。
注意：(1)用use短语时，一定分清意义：“用作”，“过去常常”还是“习惯于”。(2)used to do强调与现在的对比，而would只表示过去，无对比关系。(3)used to do的否定和疑问都有两种形式：
即学即用语法填空(北京高考改编)________(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A．Use B．UsingC．Used D．To use答案：C 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：小心使用，一桶能持续六周。use与one tin之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词。
2．be made of/be made from 由……组成(1)be made of 表示制成品仍然保持原材料的性质The chair is made of wood.这把椅子是木头做的。(2)be made from 表示制成品看不出原材料的性质Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头做的。
知识拓展be made up of 由……组成/构成be made in 由……制造的(in＋制造的地方)be made into... 被制成……be made out of... 由……改制而成
链接：make up 组成；弥补；补偿；化妆；虚构；草拟；包扎；调停make up for 补偿；弥补make up one's mind 下定决心make for 有助于；走向make out 看透；分清；弄清
即学即用语法填空American Indians________about five percent of the U．S. population.答案：make up 考查动词短语。句意为：美国印第安人占美国人口的百分之五。make up“形成；构成；编造；化妆；作出补偿”，符合句意。
3．for sure 肯定地该短语是一非正式用语，在句中一般作状语，相当于certainly, unquestionably, without doubt.
知识拓展be sure of 确信；深信make sure(of sth./that...) 弄清楚；确保sure to do sth. 一定；必定；无疑to be sure (承认事实)确实；诚然I am sure (口)的确；真的；一定sure enough 果真；的确；一定；毫无疑问That's for sure. 那是肯定的。
辨析：be sure of/that与be sure to do
即学即用You can only be sure of ________ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something ________ you might get in the future.答案：what；that 句意：你只能确定你目前所拥有的；你不能确定你将来可能得到什么。第一个空所填词引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语；第二个空所填词引导定语从句，先行词为something，故答案为what；that。
4．such as “例如；诸如此类的” 后面常接上述人或事物的解释语。I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.我游览过几个城市，像纽约、芝加哥、波士顿等。
辨析：such as, for example, namely(1)such as作“例如”解，用来列举事物，对前面提到的名词进行列举说明，放在名词与被列举的事物之间。He speaks several languages, such as English, French and Japanese.他会说几种外语，比如英语，法语和日语。注意：such as不能同and so on连用，不能说such as Jim, Jack and so on。
(2)for example意为“例如；比如”，在句中的位置较灵活，可以放在句首、句中或句尾，可用作独立成分，通常用逗号与所修饰的部分隔开。What would you do if you met a wild animal—a tiger, for instance？(可用for example)如果你见到野生动物，比如说——一只老虎，你会怎么办？
(3)namely是副词，意为“即；也就是”，放在被列举的事物前，要把前面的名词所应包含的事物全部列出；namely前需要有逗号，后面可以不用逗号。He speaks four languages, namely English, French, German and Russia.他说4种语言即英语、法语、德语和俄语。注意：namely要求所有项目全部列出，而such as只是作部分列举，所以，上面句中的namely不可换作such as。
即学即用语法填空My English teacher's humor was such________make every student burst into laughter.答案：as to such as接不定式表结果。句意为：我们英语老师的幽默是如此好笑，惹得每个学生都放声大笑起来。
5．rely on/upon 依赖；依靠I think I can come, but don't rely on it.我想我能来，但还说不定。You should rely on your own efforts.你应该靠自己的努力。Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help.现在我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。You can rely on me to help you.你可以靠我来帮助你。Don't rely on the bank lending you the money.不要对银行贷款抱太大希望。
知识拓展(1)rely on 常见结构：rely on＋n. /doing sth. 依赖……；对……抱有希望rely on sb. doing sth. 依靠某人某事rely on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事rely on it that... 依赖；依靠
(2)近义词组：depend on/upon 依靠；依赖We may need more food depending on how many people turn up.我们可能还需要些食物，不过这要看到场的人数。You can't depend on your parents to keep giving you money.你不能靠父母给你钱。—Can I depend on him?——我能相信他吗？—That depends.——那得视情况而定。
即学即用(1)你放心好了，他会来见你的。You may ________ ________ ________ ________ he will come to meet you.(2)我们不得不依靠他来进行这项设计。We have to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the design.(3)(2014·北京高一检测)—Can you help me with the maths homework, mom?—You can't always rely ________ others' help for your homework. Do it by yourself this time, dear.
答案：(1)rely on it that (2)rely on him to take(3)on 句意：——妈妈，你能帮我做一下数学作业吗？——你不能总是指望别人帮你做作业。亲爱的，这一次自己做。rely on依靠，依赖，符合句意。
6．find out找到；发现；查明①The teacher wanted to find out who had broken the door.老师想查明是谁弄坏了门。②Please find out what time the delegation will come.请查一查代表团什么时候来。
辨析
①Please find out when the ship sails for New York.请查看一下纽约的船什么时候起航。②After looking for half an hour, we found the lost child.经过半个小时的寻找，我们发现了走失的小孩。
即学即用完成句子(1)她在人行道上发现了一张照片。She ________ a picture lying on the pavement.(2)你知道飞机几点起飞吗？Can you ________ what time the plane leaves?(3)妻子发现她丈夫更喜欢印度。The wife ________ that her husband liked India better.
(4)我们很快就弄清了真相。We soon ________ the truth.(5)当简发现她的秘密的时候，玛丽很生气。Mary was angry when Jane ________ her secrets.答案：(1)found (2)find out (3)found out (4)found out (5)found
7.get rid of 摆脱；除去可用来指摆脱具体的人或物，也可以指抽象的疾病。He has been ill for more than one year and it seems that he can never get rid of the terrible disease.他病了一年多了，好像再也好不了了。
知识拓展(1)be rid of sb./sth.(formal) 摆脱She wanted to be rid of her parents and their authority.她想摆脱父母及权威的束缚。(2)rid sb./sth. of sb./sth. 除掉；去除Further measures will be taken to rid streets of crime.将采取进一步措施来防止街头犯罪。
即学即用语法填空(1)We must ________ those bad habits if we want to succeed.完成句子(2)她的哀愁很难排除。Her sadness and worry are difficult to ________ ________ ________.(3)我如何能让自己摆脱恐惧呢？How can I ________ myself ________ fear?
答案：(1)get rid of 句意：如果我们想成功的话，必须去除那些坏习惯。get rid of去除，符合题意。(2)get rid of (3)rid; of
8．instead of 代替；顶替If you cannot go, he'll go instead of you.如果你不能去，他愿替你去。
辨析：instead与instead of(1)instead是副词，意思是“代替；顶替”，通常被放在句尾，在句中作状语。(2)instead of是介词词组，意思除了“代替”外还有“而不是”之意。与一般介词词组不同的是，instead of除了后接名词、代词，也可以接动词的ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。它谈及的前后两个客体在意义结构上是对等的平行关系。
①He gave me some advice instead of some money.＝He didn't give me any money. He gave me some advice instead.他没给我钱，而是给了我一些建议。②I go to school by bike instead of on foot.＝I don't go to school on foot. Instead I go to school by bike.我骑自行车而不是步行去上学。
链接：(同)in place of 代替 rather than 而不是 take the place of 替代注意：in place of后通常只接名词或代词。
即学即用语法填空Last night Mr. Crook didn't come back at the usual time.________， he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.答案：Instead 考查副词。句意为：昨天晚上克鲁克先生没有像往常一样回家，而是和朋友们在外面一直呆到深夜。instead“却；而是”。
9．carry out实行；进行；执行；完成We intend to carry out our new policy.我们打算实行新政策。注意：carry out短语中out是副词，宾语若是代词，代词放在carry与out中间；宾语若是名词，可放在其后或中间。
知识拓展carry off 赢得；获得；夺去carry/bring into effect 使生效；使起作用carry on with sth./doing sth. 继续下去；坚持下去；从事；经营carry sb. through 帮某人渡过难关carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现
①She carried off most of the prizes for swimming.她获得了游泳项目的大多数奖项。②We must carry on till success although we may meet with a lot of difficulties.尽管我们会遇到很多困难，但是我们必须坚持下去，直到成功。
即学即用语法填空The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if________(carry out) regularly, can improve our health.答案：carried out 句意：这项实验表明如果定期进行适量锻炼的话会改善我们的健康状况。此处为if从句的省略形式，完整的句子为：...if they are carried out regularly，...。根据省略原则，把相同的主语和系动词be省去。
10．look out意为“当心；小心”，相当于watch out, take care, be careful. 后接for，可表示“当心什么”，表示警告，尤指有危险。它还可表示“向外看”。①Look out! There's a car coming!小心！有车来了！②Do look out for spelling mistakes in your home work.一定要当心你作业中的拼写错误。
知识拓展look after 照顾；照料；管理look round 环顾四周look for 寻找；希望得到look forward to 盼望look into 调查；了解look down on/upon 俯视；轻视某人look up to 向上看；尊敬look on as 把……看作；认为look through 通过……看；检查
即学即用语法填空It is reported that the police will soon look________ the case of the two missing children.答案：into 考查了动词短语。句意为“据报道警察将会很快调查这两起儿童失踪案件。”look into意为“调查”，符合句意。
11．use up 用完Don't use up all the soap. Leave me some to wash with. 不要把肥皂用尽，留一些给我。知识拓展use up 吃光；耗尽The soldiers are used up after the long battle.那些士兵经过漫长的战斗之后，已经筋疲力尽了。
辨析
Our time is running out＝We are running out of time. 我们剩下的时间不多了。Scientists predict that the world's oil supply will soon give out/run out.科学家们预测世界石油供应很快就要耗尽了。
即学即用语法填空Don't use________ all the resource; leave some to the coming generations.答案：up 句意：不要把所有的资源用尽，留一些给我们的子孙。use up“用光，用尽”，符合题意。
1.Would you like to live in it? 你愿意住在里面吗？would like 想；愿意知识拓展would like＋sth.would like to do sth. 想做某事would like sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事would like to have done sth. 想做某事(但没做成)
①I would like a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。②Would you like to stay there long?你想在那儿久留吗？③I would like you to come here early tomorrow.我想让你明天早点来这儿。④I would like to have attended your birthday party last week, but I was ill.上周我本想去参加你的生日聚会，可我病了。
提示：(1)would like也可用should like, would/should love等替换，但would like适用于各种人称，should like多用于第一人称。(2)would like/love后接不定式时，在简略回答中常用省略形式，只保留不定式符号to，不定式的完成形式保留到to have。
即学即用语法填空Who would you like________(do) the job?答案：to do would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。
2．What will the city of the future look like?未来的城市将会是什么样子呢？本句话中用了“What will/do/did...＋主语＋look like？”句型结构，表示“主语看起来像什么样”，主要用来询问外在的情况，也可提问主语的性格或特征。
注意：此句中的like是介词，不是动词(喜欢)。①Hi, Jack, would you please tell me what the new teacher looks like?嗨，杰克，你能告诉我新来的老师长什么样吗？②What does that book look like?那本书看上去如何？
辨析：What do/does sb. like与What be sb./sth. like与How do you like sb./sth.(1)What do/does sb. like?表示“某人喜欢什么？”What do you usually like most in your school?在你的学校，你最喜欢什么？(2)What be sb./sth. like? 表示“主语像什么样？”可以用来询问外在的情况，也可提问主语的性格或特征。①Could you tell me what your baby son is like?你能告诉我你的儿子长什么样吗？
②What is your little brother like?你的弟弟性格如何？ (3)How do you like sb./sth. 询问“对某人/某事的评价”(like也可换成find)How do you like the film shown yesterday?你对昨天放映的那部电影有何评价？
即学即用语法填空How do you ________ the film shown yesterday.答案：like/find 句意：你认为昨天放映的那部电影怎么样？
3．But one thing is certain—they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但有一件事是可以肯定的——它们将会先变大，然后再变小。破折号后面的这一分句中含有由before引导的时间状语从句，首先注意时态呼应。before的基本意义是“在……之前”。其翻译句型主要有下列几种：
(1)“在……之前”，这时主句的动作发生在前，其引导的从句动作发生在后。Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.在驾驶公共汽车前，他们必须通过专门测验。 (2)“……后才……”，此时before从句强调从句动作发生得晚或慢，主句动作往往延续的时间长，表示“过了多久以后才发生某一动作”。He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎要把我撞倒时才看见我。
(3)“就；便；快”等，此时主句的谓语动词为否定形式。It was not long before they rose up and kicked the enemy out of the country.不久他们就起来反抗并把敌人赶出了他们的国家。(4)“还没来得及……就……”，此时往往强调从句动作发生之前主句动作已发生。The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his child.他还没来得及冲进屋子救出孩子，房顶就倒塌了。
注意：在写作中，我们可以经常使用这个句式，如：before we know/realize it表示“不知不觉中”。
(5)“趁着还没有”。I must write it down before I forget it.我必须趁着还没忘记它就把它写下来。(6)在某些习语中还可译为“先……再……”。Look before you leap.三思而后行。
即学即用语法填空(1)The girl had hardly rung the bell __________the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 答案：before 考查连词。had hardly done sth. before/when表示“一……就……”。又如：We had hardly started before/when it began to rain.我们刚出发，就开始下雨。
(2)John thinks it won't be long________he is ready for his new job.答案：before 句意：John认为用不了多久他就会为自己的新工作做好准备。It won't be long before... 是个固定句型，意为“用不了多久就……”。
4．To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50 000 people in the year 2050.为了解年轻人的对未来城市生活的观点，美国得克萨斯州一所大学的一位老师让他的学生们考虑他们将如何管理2025年一个拥有5万人口的城市。
to find out what young people think about the future of urban life是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。当作目的状语的不定式短语放于句首时，常用逗号与句子隔开；放于句中则不用逗号。为了使目的更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以用in order to或so as to，但要注意so as to不能用于句首。①He came to Australia to study kangaroos.他去澳洲是为了研究袋鼠。②I've written it down in order(so as) not to forget.我把它记下来，主要是防止忘了。③He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.他大声叫喊并挥着手以便能被注意到。
即学即用语法填空(1)With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________(buy) presents for my dad.答案：to buy 句意：父亲节即将到来之际，我从银行取了一些钱给父亲买礼物。不定式短语在句中作状语，表目的。(2)All of them try to use the power of the workstation________(present) information in a more effective way.答案：to present 此处考查不定式作目的状语。
(3)(北京高考改编)Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________(stay) away.答案：to stay 本题考查非谓语动词。 句意：鸟的叫声有时是为了让别的鸟别过来的警告。由句意可知，用不定式表目的。
5．To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料，朝太阳发射，以防止垃圾填埋和环境问题的发生。(1)to get rid of garbage problems是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。preventing landfill and environmental problems是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.暴风雨过去了，对这个地区造成了巨大的破坏。
注意：①分词作结果状语，通常表示一个自然形成的结果，是前面所述动作的直接结果。A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而产量增加了。②不定式作结果状语，经常表示继谓语动作发生后才出现了的一个相反或出乎意料的结果，常表示“没想到……”；“结果却……”；“未料……”等意思。其前常加些如just，only等词修饰，以示强调。I arrived at the station in a hurry, only to find the train had left.我匆忙地赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。
即学即用(1)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，______(enable)the students to return to their classrooms.答案：enabling 句意：这个退休的老人把他大部分的积蓄都捐给了玉树地震中的受灾学校，使学生们能够重返课堂。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。the man与enable之间是主动关系，故应用其ving形式来作结果状语。
(2)It rained heavily in the south，________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.答案：causing 句意：南方下雨很大，结果造成了几个省严重被淹。本题考查动词的现在分词在句中作结果状语，强调主句动作发生后导致的结果，表示自然而然的结果。(3)The news shocked the public，________(lead) to great concern about students' safety at school.答案：leading 句意：这条消息令社会震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的极大关注。本题考查非谓语动词。根据本句的结构来看，引起的关注正是这条消息令公众震惊的同时所引起的结果，即结果状语，现在分词可作结果状语，符合题意。
6．Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是子弹。(1)在本句中，by意为“依靠；借助于”，后常接表示方式、手段的词。“by＋动词的ing形式”表示“通过……的方式”。①He made a living by teaching.他通过教书谋生。②What do you mean by saying that?你那么说什么意思？
注意：by表示方式时，也可以接名词作宾语。with表方式，后接具体工具。①The house is heated by gas.这房子是煤气供暖的。②May I pay by cheque?我能用支票付款吗？③It's not fair to judge people by their appearance.以貌取人是不公平的。
(2)fire在此为动词，意为“射击”，此外还有其他含义，如“开除；解除；激起(热情等)”。①She got fired from her first job.她第一次工作就被解雇。②Your speech fired the children's admiration.你的演讲激起了孩子们的羡慕之情。
即学即用语法填空(1)If you really have to leave during the meeting, you'd better leave________the back door.答案：by 本题考查了介词的用法。by表示“经过；沿；经由”。句意为“如果会议期间你必须得离开，你最好从后门走”。(2)Try on this red skirt; you will look great________it.答案：in 考查介词。此处(be)in＋sth.表示“穿着”或“戴着”之意。
7．Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.每个人一生出就会得到一个电话号码，将来无论他们生活在哪儿，这个号码都不会改变。本句使用了一个由that引导的定语从句，关系代词作主语，从句修饰先行词a telephone number，而从句中又含有一个由no matter where引导的让步状语从句。
no matter引导让步状语从句，常与what, who, when, where, which, how等连用，置于主句之前或之后，意为“无论/不管……”，从句用陈述语序。no matter what/who/where/how＝whatever/whoever/wherever /howeverNo matter who knocks, don't open the door.(＝Whoever knocks...)不论谁敲门，你都不要开。
提示：whatever, whichever, whoever还可以引导名词性从句，此时不能转化为引导让步状语从句的no matter what(which, who, whom)。It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he wants.人们普遍认为，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。(句中的whatever引导宾语从句，不能用no matter what替换。)
即学即用语法填空(1)—How about camping this weekend, just for a change?—OK，________you want.答案：whatever 句意：“这个周末改变一下出去野营如何？”“行，你喜欢干什么都行”。whatever“无论……事物；任何……的事物”，符合题意。
(2)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions________had used the products.答案：whoever 句意：为了提高我们的产品的质量，我们向任何用过我们产品的人征求了建议。本题考查名词性从句的引导词。从本句的语境来看，引导词需要做动词asked的宾语，还要做从句中had used动词的主语，且表示具体的人，故用whoever，同：anyone who。
(3)(辽宁高考改编)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ________ he could find about Mark Twain.答案：whatever 本题考查名词性从句。句意：这个新来的人前几天到图书馆去寻找他能找到的关于马克吐温的东西。空格处需引导宾语从句作介词for的宾语，同时要作find的宾语；然后根据句意表示“无论什么东西”，故用whatever。
8．Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.随着每一个城市都有了自己的远程诊所，医生能从数千里以外为病人动手术的远程治疗会非常普及。with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic是with复合结构。with复合结构通常是“with＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/分词/不定式/介词短语”，常用来作状语，表示条件、原因、方式、时间、伴随情况等。
I went out with the window open.(with＋名词＋形容词)我外出时没关窗户。She sleeps with the light on.(with＋名词＋副词)她开着灯睡觉。With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here.(with＋代词＋不定式)由于有很重要的事情和你商量，你必须留下。The man entered the room, with a book in his hand.(with＋名词＋介词短语)这个男人手里拿着本书进了房间。
即学即用语法填空①The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already________(lay) for a meal to be cooked.答案：laid 考查with的复合结构。table与lay之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即lay the table“摆放桌子”；因此用laid作宾补。
②Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions________(take)?答案：taken 句意为“现在，我们已经讨论了问题， 人们满意要采取的决定吗？”take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
9．...medical treatment in which the doctor cuts open your body 医生把你的身体剖开的医疗治疗该结构中，关系代词which引导的定语从句用来代替medical treatment，并且将介词in提前，可以改为medical treatment which the doctor cuts open your body in，这时关系代词也可以使用that。
即学即用语法填空The newlybuilt cafe，the walls of________are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.答案：which 句意：新建的咖啡馆的墙壁被刷成了淡绿色，对我们来说真是个安静的好地方，尤其是辛劳的工作之后。本题考查定语从句。the＋名词＋of＋关系代词引导定语从句。
Ⅰ.单词拼写1．We use highquality raw m________ for our goods.2．This great p________ is coming true.3．Sport and r________ have always been part of university life.4．The c________ went unpunished in Carnival in Venice.5．The police a________ the man who had stolen a car.6．The admission c________ for the concert is $150.7．They are building a ________(诊所) near here.8．Blindness is a very serious ________(残疾)．
9．We must ________(限制) our expenditure.10．This plan sounds good. But it's very hard to________ out(实施) in practice.答案：1.materials 2.prediction 3.recreation 4.crimes 5.arrested 6.charge 7.clinic 8.disability 9.limit 10．carry
Ⅱ.完成句子1．他肯定在一小时之内到达这儿。He'll be here ________ ________ within an hour.2．我试了各种药来摆脱这次感冒。I have tried all sorts of medicine __________ __________ __________ __________ this cold.3．不能指望她讲事实。She can't ________ ________ ________ to tell the truth.
4．把最近的照片贴在申请表上。Please ________ a recent photo ________ the application form.5．未来的城市会是什么样子呢？________ will the city of the future ________ ________？6．他冒着生命危险救了我的性命。He saved my life ________ ________ ________ ________ losing his own.7．他父亲命令他在家学习。His father commanded that he __________ __________ __________ to study.
8．他没有熄灯就睡着了。He fell asleep ________ ________ ________ ________.9．这儿谁负责？Who ________ ________ ________ here?答案：1.for sure 2.to get rid of 3.be relied on 4.attach; to 5.What; look like 6.at the risk of 7.stay at home 8.with the lamp on 9.is in charge
Ⅲ.语法填空1．—Do you have an ________ way to solve this problem?—No, this is the only way, I think.答案：alternative 句意：——你有解决这个问题的其他方法吗？——没有，我想这是唯一的方法。alternative“供选择的”，符合句意。2．If you don't know the answer ________sure, think about it again before you put up your hand.答案：for 句意：如果你不确定答案，在你举手之前再考虑一下。for sure＝for certain“确定地”，一般用来修饰动词。
3．I've used________ all the water. We have to find some more.答案：up 句意：我已用光了所有的水，我们不得不再找一些。use up＝(run out of)，主语是人，符合要求。4．Bob ________(arrest) by four policemen the moment he stepped down from the plane—he was a criminal for selling drugs from one country to another.答案：was arrested 句意：鲍勃刚下飞机就被四个警察逮捕——他是一名国际贩毒罪犯。arrest“逮捕”，由题意可知用被动语态。
5．It's________ that things will change sooner or later.答案：certain 句意：事情肯定早晚会变的。be certain“确定”，it作形式主语。6．Don't waste your time ________(repair) you old car.答案：repairing 句意：不要浪费时间修你的旧车。此题考查句型waste time doing“浪费时间做某事”。7．He charged me two dollars ________(give) me the help.答案：for giving 句意：他帮助了我，收费两美元。考查charge sb.for doing sth.“因为……收费”。
8．He gave a command that each of them ________(come) at seven o'clock.答案：come 句意：他命令他们每个人都7点到达。command后跟从句用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可省略。9．Try to limit your speech ________ ten minutes.答案：to 句意：试着把你的演讲限制在10分钟之内。考查limit“限制”用法，limit常常和介词to连用，表示“限制到……(范围之内)”。
10．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree.答案：against 句意：累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。against“倚着，靠着”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁边”；in“在……里面或(时间)……之后”。
相关课件
英语必修3Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia多媒体教学课件ppt： 这是一份英语必修3Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia多媒体教学课件ppt，文件包含Module4第1课时ppt、Module4第1课时doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
2020-2021学年Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Nature World教案配套ppt课件： 这是一份2020-2021学年Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Nature World教案配套ppt课件，文件包含Module6第1课时ppt、Module6第1课时doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
外研版必修4Module 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges评课ppt课件： 这是一份外研版必修4Module 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges评课ppt课件，文件包含Module5第1课时ppt、Module5第1课时doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
