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2021学年必修5Unit 1 Great Scientists测试题
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这是一份2021学年必修5Unit 1 Great Scientists测试题，共13页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一单元测评
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
M:How much are these bags?
W:The red ones sell for $5.5 each and the green ones for $6.8 each.
M:I’ll take two of the cheaper ones then.
1.What is the man going to buy?
A.$5.5 for a red one.
B.$13.6 for two green ones.
C.$11 for two red ones.
答案:C
M:Mr Cheng’s briefing seems to go on forever.I was hardly able to stay awake.
W:How could you sleep through that? I think it was very important for the work we are going to carry out.
M:Sorry! I promise I’ll listen carefully.
2.What is the feeling of the man?
A.He felt sleepy.
B.He is tired of listening.
C.The work is important.
答案:B
W:What do you plan to do on your vacation?
M:I’m just going to be lazy at home.I will probably do some gardening,watch TV and work on my stamp collection.However,I once volunteered to protect our plants in the west.
3.What is the man going to do for his holiday?
A.Stay at home.
B.Collect stamps.
C.Volunteer in the west.
答案:A
M:You can sit in my place if you like a window seat.
W:Oh,it’s very kind of you,but mine is right over a wing.I would be able to see anything.Thanks anyway.
4.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In a plane.
B.In a train.
C.In a restaurant.
答案:A
M:What’s the matter with you,Mary? You looked tired.
W:I didn’t sleep well last night.
M:Maybe a stomachache or headache?
W:Neither.The noise almost drove me mad.
5.Why didn’t Mary sleep well?
A.She had a headache.
B.She had a stomachache.
C.She was troubled by noise.
答案:C
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。
M:I’d like to make an appointment with the doctor,please.
W:OK.How about the day after tomorrow on Wednesday at 4:00 pm?
M: Do you happen to have an opening in the morning?
W:Um...How about tomorrow at 8:00 am or Thursday at 8:15 am?
M:Uh,do you have anything earlier?
W:No,I’m sorry.
M:Well,in that case,tomorrow would be fine.
W:What’s the purpose of your visit?
M:Well,to tell you the truth,I fell from a ladder two days ago while painting my house,and my foot landed in a can and it was badly hurt.
6.When will the man go to see the doctor?
A.On Tuesday.
B.On Wednesday.
C.On Thursday.
答案:A
7.What’s wrong with the man?
A.He was hit by a ladder.
B.He broke his leg.
C.He hurt his foot.
答案:C
8.Which statement of the following is TRUE?
A.The appointment time is quite fit to the man.
B.The appointment time isn’t quite fit to the man.
C.The man can’t go to the hospital.
答案:B
听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。
W:Do you have anything particular on this evening?
M:No,I’ve got a lot of time to kill.
W:Well,then.Won’t you come over to dinner and have a game of mahjong afterwards?
M:With pleasure.
W:You were not so eager about mahjong before.
M:That’s because I didn’t know the fun of playing it then.Why is mahjong such a popular game,do you know?
W:I’ve got no idea.I only know that foreigners are beginning to take an interest in it,besides their old card games.
M:That’s right.Some of them are already experts.
W:Indeed they are.But the trouble about mahjong is once you’re interested in it,you can’t shed it off.
M:Yes.Once I went crazy over other hobbies such as stamp collecting and reading,but I find them very boring now.
W:I’m sure your former hobbies are more beneficial.
M:I can’t deny that,and I can’t help it,either.
W:The bell’s ringing.That must be our partners.
9.What does the woman believe?
A.Mahjong is a beneficial hobby.
B.Mahjong can become an addiction.
C.Mahjong is too boring to play.
答案:B
10.What are they going to do now?
A.Teach their partners.
B.Learn old card games.
C.Play mahjong games.
答案:C
11.What is foreigners’ hobby?
A.Playing mahjong only.
B.Playing old card games and mahjong.
C.Playing their old card games.
答案:B
听第8段材料,回答第12至14题。
W:How’s your first day on the job going?
M:Fine.
W:I’m glad to hear that.Tell me,have you ever used a floor-polishing machine before?
M:No,I haven’t.Could you show me how?
W:Certainly.First,spray the wax on the floor.
M:I see.
W:Then,press here to turn the machine on... Okay so far.
M:I follow you.
W:Then,polish the floor with a back-and-forth motion like this.Do you think you’ve got that?
M:Yes,I’m sure I won’t have any trouble.
W:Make sure and let me know if you have any questions.
M:OK.Thanks.
12.What does the man probably do?
A.A manager.
B.A salesman.
C.A cleaner.
答案:C
13.What isn’t needed for his job?
A.A copying machine.
B.Wax(蜡).
C.A floor-polishing machine.
答案:A
14.What’s the possible relationship between them?
A.Classmates.
B.Mother and son.
C.Teacher and student.
答案:B
听第9段材料,回答第15至17题。
M:Is this table on the corner Okay?
W:Sure.We can sit here.
M:Gee.You’ve hardly got anything on your plate.
W:Yeah.I guess I’m just not that hungry.
M:What’s the matter? Aren’t you feeling well?
W:Well,I’ve been really worried.It’s my car.It’s in the shop again.
M:Really? What’s wrong this time?
W: I don’t know exactly.Something’s wrong with the brakes,I think.
M:Well,at least that shouldn’t cost you much to fix.Parts are cheaper for all the American cars like yours.Did the mechanic say how much it would cost?
W:He said he would call me later today about the cost.
M:Watch out he doesn’t try to take advantage of you.
W:What do you mean?
M:Well,some car mechanics,if they think that someone doesn’t know much about cars,they might try to overcharge that person.
W:Maybe so.But I trust this man.He has done some work for me in the past and his prices seemed to be fair.
M:Oh,that’s good to know.Maybe I’ll try using him in the future.By the way,do you need a ride home after class today?
15.Why is the woman worried?
A.The mechanic might try to overcharge her.
B.There’s something wrong with her car.
C.Good mechanics are not available.
答案:B
16.What does the woman think of her mechanic?
A.He takes advantage of her.
B.He is reliable.
C.He overcharges her.
答案:B
17.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In a school.
B.In a shop.
C.In a park.
答案:A
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
M:Mary,I usually miss very important dates and feel confused.Have you ever forgotten an appointment at the doctor’s or been late in getting to your part-time job?
W:Occasionally,but I’d like to show you my tips.Sure that these difficulties happen to everybody.However,you can avoid such problems if you write out schedules.They will help you to find out how much time you have to do the things that are important as well as those that are fun.A master schedule can be used to find out how much time you really have for activities.This schedule lists all of the activities that must complete.A weekly schedule can also be used to help you plan time for the things that you really like to do.Your weekly schedule should include time for activities.It also should include activities that will help you to achieve lifetime,long-term and short-term goals.Finally,it should include your study time and free time.Free time is necessary so that you can make needed changes in your schedule.A daily schedule is a final suggestion to help you plan your time.
18.How many different schedules are mentioned?
A.Five.
B.Four.
C.Three.
答案:C
19.What can you use your daily schedule to do?
A.To achieve the long-term goals.
B.To plan the time well.
C.To achieve short-term goals.
答案:B
20.What does “a master schedule” mean?
A.A schedule with all the important things and time used to finish it.
B.A schedule you make to yourself.
C.A schedule you make for your boss.
答案:A
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Scientists are developing the next generation of robot-driven cars and predict they could be carrying humans around by the year 2030.
The first wave of intelligent robot cars,capable of understanding and reacting to the world around them,will be tested this November in a competition run by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Scientists are developing vehicles(车辆)which will not only be driven by robots independently,but will be able to operate in a complicated city environment.“In the past it was sufficient for a vehicle just to perceive(察觉)the environment,” said Sebastian Thrun,a professor at Stanford University.
“The new challenge will be to understand the environment.The robot must be able to recognize another car,to understand that it is moving and that it will interact(互相影响)with it as it gets closer.”Stanford’s entrant(参加竞赛者)“Junior” is a changed 2006 Volkswagen Passat whose steering,throttle(节流阀)and brakes all have been modified by engineers.
Lasers fitted on the car bumpers,radar and global positioning systems feed data into the on-board computer to determine its location and position.Thrun predicted that advances in artificial intelligence would lead to driverless cars on the roads by 2030.
“Today they can drive about 100 miles,by 2020 I expect this to go to a million miles,” he said.“By 2030 you’ll be able to see them on the highway,with driving reliability that will beat humans.”
“We believe this technology will affect all of us.It is going to have enormous significance for people who can’t drive because of disabilities or because they are ill or impaired.” Thrun said he believed robot-driven vehicles would be deployed in war zones before they were seen in everyday civilian environments.
21.Compared with the old robot-driven cars,the new ones .
A.can understand orders from humans
B.can perceive the environment
C.are modified to be completely computer-controllable
D.not only can understand the environment but also can react to it
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。由第四段中的“The new challenge will be to understand the environment.The robot...understand that it is moving and that it will interact with it as it gets closer.”可以得出答案。
22.The underlined word “sufficient” in the third paragraph means “ ”.
A.unbelievable B.enough
C.useful D.wonderful
答案:B
解析:词义猜测题。由前一句和sufficient所在的句子“In the past it was sufficient for a vehicle just to perceive the environment ...”的含义“过去,车辆只要能够察觉环境就足够了……”可知sufficient与enough是同义词。
23.According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true about “Junior”?
A.It is controlled by a robot or a computer.
B.Some of its parts have been modified by engineers.
C.It was invented by Sebastian Thrun.
D.It is valuable.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。由第四段最后一句中的“Stanford’s entrant ‘Junior’”可知Junior不是由Sebastian Thrun发明的。
24.Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Disabled people cannot use the car.
B.There is a computer in the car.
C.The car will be able to travel very fast by 2030.
D.The car can be easily located no matter where it is.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。由最后一段的“It is going to have enormous significance for people who can’t drive because of disabilities ...”可知答案。
B
Motivation(动机)means the desire to work toward a goal.It can come from inside or outside and can be positive or negative.When you say,“If I make a hit,we’ll win the game and I’ll be a hero,” you challenge yourself to do something and imagine what the reward will be.You might also say “If I fail in school,I will be terribly ashamed.” Imagining the misery that failure brings is a negative way of motivating yourself.
Sometimes motivation comes from the outside.Your parents might say “If you do well in school,the whole family will go to Disney World.” Now you have a powerful reason to study hard!Your parents might also say “If you do not clean up your room,you will be forbidden to watch your favorite TV program.” This is the negative approach.
The best kind of motivation comes from inside you.In fact,motivating yourself to do well instead of waiting for someone else to tell you is a sign that you are growing up.People who have no goals must be told what to do all the time.Leaders are mature people who discipline and motivate themselves.
Self-motivation is one thing we learn from the martial arts.When we begin,our master teaches us everything.As we progress,the master tells us that we are expected to practice every day at home—and leaves us on our own!The master does not ask in class whether we practiced and does not punish us if we fail to do so.By saying nothing,the master challenges us to be grown-up enough to motivate and discipline ourselves.
If we are serious about the martial arts and really want to win,we will practice at home and do well in class.Our master will notice this and encourage us to continue.Soon we will be ready for testing to advance to the next belt rank.We will move up because we motivate ourselves.We will have made it on our own.
25.What does the author want to express using the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
A.Motivation comes from outside.
B.Motivation can be positive.
C.Motivation makes a person negative.
D.Motivation needs a reward.
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。由第一段第二句可知“动机来自内心或外界,有积极的或消极的”。画线句子后面的“you challenge yourself to do something and imagine what the reward will be.”可知画线句子所表达的是一种积极的动机。
26.In the author’s opinion, .
A.parents should forbid their kids to watch TV
B.a person should work hard in order to set a proper goal
C.motivation can sometimes help you achieve your goal
D.waiting for others’ help shows you are growing up
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知,动机是一种朝着目标前进的欲望。由第二段可知,积极的动机可以帮助人实现目标。故选C项。
27.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.Self-motivation can be learned from the martial arts.
B.Martial arts can be learned by oneself.
C.Learning martial arts needs practicing every day.
D.The master has excellent self-motivation.
答案:A
解析:主旨大意题。第四段第一句是该段的主题句,故本段的主旨是“自我鼓励是我们可以从武术中学到的事情”。故选A项。
28.If you practice at home and do well in class, .
A.you will succeed with others’ help
B.you will make it on your own
C.you will learn to encourage yourself
D.you will make friends with your master
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。由最后一段第一句和最后一句可知,如果你在家里训练,在课堂上好好表现,那么你将不依靠别人而获得成功。
C
What makes a person a scientist?Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others?The answer is “no”.It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use power is important to a carpenter(木匠).You will probably agree,too,that knowing how to investigate(调查),how to discover information,is important to everyone.The scientist,however,goes one step further;he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact.There’s no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different,any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证)must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason why investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein,who developed the Theory of Relativity,arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy(正确性)of his mathematics was later tested through investigation.Einstein’s ideas proved to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(计算)that may test his investigations.
29.What makes a person a scientist according to the passage?
A.The tools he uses.
B.His ways of learning.
C.The way he uses his tools.
D.The various tools he uses.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。由第一段的第四句“It isn’t...but how he uses...scientist.”可知C项正确。
30.By saying “...knowing how to investigate,how to discover information,is important to everyone”,the author wants to show .
A.the importance of information
B.the difference between scientists and ordinary people
C.the importance of thinking
D.the difference between carpenters and ordinary people
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。第一段中的“...knowing how to investigate,how to discover information,is important to everyone.”强调知道怎样去调查,怎样去获取信息,是一种思考的过程,暗示思维的重要性。
31.A sound(合理的) scientific theory should be one that .
A.works under one set of conditions at all times
B.leaves no room for improvement
C.doesn’t allow any change even under different conditions
D.can be used for many purposes
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。由第二段第四句“What works...times.”可知。
32.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Scientists are different from ordinary people in many different ways.
B.The Theory of Relativity is a very important theory.
C.Exactness is the core(核心)of science.
D.Exactness and the way of using tools are the keys to making a scientist.
答案:D
解析:主旨大意题。文章开篇点出讨论的话题:是什么造就了科学家?文章第一段主要讲述合理利用工具的重要性,第二段主要说明准确的重要性。故选D项。
D
Scientists have been puzzled by the phenomenon that migrating(迁徙) birds fly not just in groups all the time,but in “V” formations(队形) and they have tried to figure out what benefit birds get from this particular formation.Now,a research group from the University of London may have found the answer—migrating birds fly in a “V” to save energy,according to a study published in the journal Nature.
When a bird flaps(拍打) its wings,it stirs the air around it and causes the air to move in different directions.Scientists found in the study that the air creates an upward-moving wave at the tips of the wings,which means that if a bird flies around the wingtips of another bird,it can get a boost(向上一推) from the rising air and therefore use less energy to stay in the air.
But there is a small problem—the lead bird gets no lift advantage and can easily get tired.This is why a group of migrating birds regularly switches leaders,according to The New York Times.
Apart from the “free ride” strategy(策略),scientists were also surprised to observe that migrating birds timed their wing beats and adjusted their positions in a very precise way to maximize(使最大化) the lifting effect while avoiding areas where the air moved downward.
“They’re able to sense what’s going on from the bird in front,where this ‘good air’ is coming from and how to position themselves perfectly in it,” lead researcher Steven Portugal told BBC.
In fact,the “V” formation has long been thought to help birds fly more efficiently(效率高地).A previous study showed that birds’ heart rates went down when they were flying together in a “V”formation.Jet fighters were also found to be able to reduce their energy use by up to 18% by staying near the wingtips of other jet fighters.Both of these findings led scientists to suspect that the “V” formation had an efficiency purpose,but until now they still lack proof.
“For scientists,the new study provides an insight into an interesting natural phenomenon.But it could mean even more for aircraft companies—helping them understand how they can imitate(模仿) that with their plane formations to save fuel,”said Portugal.
33.What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A.To explain how birds benefit from migration.
B.To introduce how migrating birds find their way.
C.To tell some applications of migrating birds’ “V” formations.
D.To report new findings about migrating birds’ “V” formations.
答案:D
解析:写作意图题。本文围绕鸟类在迁徙途中为什么要排列成“V”字形展开叙述,因此本文的写作目的是报道关于鸟类迁徙途中排列成“V”字形队列的新发现,因此选D项。
34.According to the recent study,when birds migrate, .
A.they don’t often change their lead birds during the whole journey
B.they fly in “V” formations to protect themselves against enemies
C.they form the shape of a “V” to make best use of the lifting effect
D.the air they stir around makes it hard for the birds behind to fly fast
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。关于鸟类迁徙的飞行,第三段说它们regularly switches leaders,A项错;第二段说排“V”字形是为了use less energy,B项错,本段还说使用“V”字形队列,鸟类飞翔的时候能够flies around the wingtips of another bird,这样它们就能“...get a boost from the rising air and therefore use less energy to stay in the air.”,D项错;由第四段中的“...to maximize the lifting effect while avoiding areas where the air moved downward.”可知,C项正确。
35.What is the significance of the new study according to this article?
A.It might inspire aircraft companies to think of ways to improve efficiency.
B.It has proved that the “V” formation can improve efficiency in many fields.
C.It has led scientists to discover that birds’ heart rates go down when they fly in a “V”.
D.It shows that the best formation of jet fighters in battles should be a “V” formation.
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。最后一段说该研究能让飞机在飞行的过程中模仿鸟类的编队方式,以节省燃料,提高效能,因此选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is an English saying,“ 36 ” Until recently,few people took the saying seriously.Now however,doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. 37
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts,blood pressure,breathing and muscles.It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. 38 If laughter exercises the body,it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes.The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny programme. 39
40 They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing,making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
A.Laughter can surely last one’s life.
B.As a result of these discoveries,some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics,in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C.The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
D.It increases blood pressure,makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper;it also works several groups of muscles in the face,the stomach,and even the feet.
E.They have proved that laughter can really cure any disease if people keep a good state of mind.
F.Laughter is the best medicine.
G.They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
答案:36~40 FGDCB
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full 41 of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 42 on obvious facts,and therefore refuses to accept authority(权威) as the only 43 for truth.He always 44 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of 45 science may be considered to 46 as far back as the 47 of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher(哲学家) of Oxford,who lived 48 the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the Middle 49 to suggest that we should learn science 50 observing and experimenting on the things around us,and he himself 51 many important discoveries.
Galileo,however,who lived more than 300 years later,was the greatest of several great men, 52 lived in Italy,France,Germany or England,began by 53 to show how many important 54 could be discovered by observation.
Before Galileo,learned men believed that large bodies fell more 55 towards the earth than small ones, 56 Aristotle said so.But Galileo,going to the 57 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa,let fall two 58 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.It was Galileo’s 59 of going direct to Nature,and proving our 60 and theories by experiment,that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
41.A.use B.time
C.speed D.trust
答案:A
解析:use “用处”,make use of “利用”;time“时间”,speed“速度”和trust“信任”通常不与动词make连用。
42.A.worked B.based
C.lived D.written
答案:B
解析:work “工作”;base “使……以……为基础”,常与介词on连用;live “生活”;write “写”。由空后的on想到此处用based。
43.A.reason B.result
C.advice D.effect
答案:A
解析:reason “原因”,常与介词for连用;result “结果”;advice “建议”;effect “影响,作用”。
44.A.thinks B.checks
C.has D.learns
答案:B
解析:think “认为”;check “检查,核实”;have “有”;learn “学习”。此处用check表示“他总是仔细核实想法,并做实验来验证它们”。
45.A.natural B.physical
C.ancient D.modern
答案:D
解析:natural “自然的”;physical “物理的,身体上的”;ancient “古代的”;modern “现代的”。此处表示“现代科学的崛起可能被认为要追溯到Roger Bacon时期”。
46.A.date B.keep
C.look D.take
答案:A
解析:date back to “追溯到”;keep back “阻止”;look back “向后看,回顾”;take back “收回”。
47.A.study B.time
C.year D.birth
答案:B
解析:由空后的“...Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford...”可知此处用time表示“牛津著名的哲学家Roger Bacon那个时代”。
48.A.both B.each
C.between D.among
答案:C
解析:由空后的and可知此处用between表示“在……与……之间”。
49.A.Schools B.Ages
C.Days D.Countries
答案:B
解析:由空前的the Middle可知此处用Ages表示“中世纪时代”。
50.A.in B.with
C.on D.by
答案:D
解析:介词by后接动词-ing形式表示“通过做某事”。
51.A.did B.made
C.took D.gave
答案:B
解析:由空后的discoveries可知此处应用动词made构成词组make discoveries“发现”。
52.A.who B.when
C.that D.where
答案:A
解析:由空前的several great men可知此处应用who引导定语从句。
53.A.ways B.degrees
C.levels D.chances
答案:B
解析:by degrees “逐渐地,渐渐地”。
54.A.truths B.problems
C.people D.subjects
答案:A
解析:truth “真理,真相”;problem “问题”;people “人们,民族”;subject “科目,主题”。此处用truths表示“事实真相可以通过观察得到”。
55.A.slowly B.rapidly
C.lightly D.heavily
答案:B
解析:slowly “慢慢地”;rapidly “快速地”;lightly “轻轻地”;heavily “沉重地”。此处用rapidly表示“以前人们认为重的物体下降得快”。
56.A.when B.because
C.although D.if
答案:B
解析:此处用because表示“因为亚里士多德这样说过”。
57.A.place B.foot
C.top D.ceiling
答案:C
解析:既然是要做实验,故伽利略需要到斜塔塔顶。
58.A.big B.small
C.equal D.unequal
答案:D
解析:由空后的proved Aristotle was wrong可想到Aristotle曾经说的是“大石头比小石头下降得快”,故此处应选择unequal表示“两块不同等的石头”。
59.A.spirit B.skill
C.theory D.discovery
答案:A
解析:spirit意为“精神”;skill意为“技巧”;theory意为“理论”;discovery意为“发现”。此处用spirit表示“伽利略精神”。
60.A.plans B.opinions
C.world D.ability
答案:B
解析:由空后的and theories可知选择opinions与theories保持一致。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I asked my uncle,Frank,who plays 61. piano well,if he would assess(评定) the tone of a second-hand piano I was hoping 62. (buy).We arrived at the house and my uncle looked the piano over,then 63. (sit) down and played a mixture of honky-tonk numbers and classical 64. (piece).When he finished,we told the family that we would call them 65. (late).
Outside,my uncle said that 66. the wood was battered(坏掉的),the sound was good and we should 67. (buy) it.
When I phoned the woman back,she sounded as if she was crying.68. (concern),I asked,“What’s the matter?”
“We didn’t know the piano should play like that,”she replied.The piano wasn’t 69. sale,and her daughter had to resume(重新开始) taking piano 70.(lesson).
答案:61.the 62.to buy 63.sat 64.pieces 65.later 66.though/although 67.buy 68.Concerned 69.for 70.lessons
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
导学号11610006
The “white pollution” problem was caused by used plastic is becoming increasingly serious,on which plastic shopping bags play an important role.In China about three billions plastic shopping bags are used every day,that results in a great waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution.Lucky,the government put a nationwide ban on the use of free plastic bags,demand that no stores and supermarkets should provide customers with free plastic bags after June 1,2008.The rule will undoubtedly reduce use of plastic bags or promote the awareness of environmental protection.He is strongly suggested that everyone turns to cloth bags and shopping baskets.
答案:
第一句:去掉was;on→in
第二句:billions→billion;that→which
第三句:Lucky→Luckily;demand→demanding
第四句:在reduce与use之间加the;or→and
第五句:He→It;turns→turn
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华,贵校在学生中征集意见,询问学生是否赞成开设iPad课堂(iPad classrooms)。你支持开设iPad课堂。请给校长写一封建议信,要点如下:
1.资源丰富;
2.促进交流;
3.利于环保;
4.其他理由。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头、结尾已为你写好。
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
※主题:a letter of advice on opening iPad classrooms
※必备词汇:in favor of,customize(定制),to begin with,for the sake of,cut down,develop one’s interest
※必备句型:
I am in favor of this plan for the following reasons.
For the sake of environmental protection,opening iPad classrooms is a good way to save trees...
I believe students will develop their interests in...
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration...
参考范文:
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms.I am in favor of this plan for the following reasons.To begin with,everyone learns differently.Students can customize their iPad with materials that fit their level and learning style,and thus tailor it to different needs.Moreover,when connected to the Internet,students can interact with teachers and classmates about what they learn more conveniently.For the sake of environmental protection,opening iPad classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper.Most importantly,I believe students will develop their interests in the subjects by enjoying a new way of learning.
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration and we look forward to attending an iPad class.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第一单元测评
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
M:How much are these bags?
W:The red ones sell for $5.5 each and the green ones for $6.8 each.
M:I’ll take two of the cheaper ones then.
1.What is the man going to buy?
A.$5.5 for a red one.
B.$13.6 for two green ones.
C.$11 for two red ones.
答案:C
M:Mr Cheng’s briefing seems to go on forever.I was hardly able to stay awake.
W:How could you sleep through that? I think it was very important for the work we are going to carry out.
M:Sorry! I promise I’ll listen carefully.
2.What is the feeling of the man?
A.He felt sleepy.
B.He is tired of listening.
C.The work is important.
答案:B
W:What do you plan to do on your vacation?
M:I’m just going to be lazy at home.I will probably do some gardening,watch TV and work on my stamp collection.However,I once volunteered to protect our plants in the west.
3.What is the man going to do for his holiday?
A.Stay at home.
B.Collect stamps.
C.Volunteer in the west.
答案:A
M:You can sit in my place if you like a window seat.
W:Oh,it’s very kind of you,but mine is right over a wing.I would be able to see anything.Thanks anyway.
4.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In a plane.
B.In a train.
C.In a restaurant.
答案:A
M:What’s the matter with you,Mary? You looked tired.
W:I didn’t sleep well last night.
M:Maybe a stomachache or headache?
W:Neither.The noise almost drove me mad.
5.Why didn’t Mary sleep well?
A.She had a headache.
B.She had a stomachache.
C.She was troubled by noise.
答案:C
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。
M:I’d like to make an appointment with the doctor,please.
W:OK.How about the day after tomorrow on Wednesday at 4:00 pm?
M: Do you happen to have an opening in the morning?
W:Um...How about tomorrow at 8:00 am or Thursday at 8:15 am?
M:Uh,do you have anything earlier?
W:No,I’m sorry.
M:Well,in that case,tomorrow would be fine.
W:What’s the purpose of your visit?
M:Well,to tell you the truth,I fell from a ladder two days ago while painting my house,and my foot landed in a can and it was badly hurt.
6.When will the man go to see the doctor?
A.On Tuesday.
B.On Wednesday.
C.On Thursday.
答案:A
7.What’s wrong with the man?
A.He was hit by a ladder.
B.He broke his leg.
C.He hurt his foot.
答案:C
8.Which statement of the following is TRUE?
A.The appointment time is quite fit to the man.
B.The appointment time isn’t quite fit to the man.
C.The man can’t go to the hospital.
答案:B
听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。
W:Do you have anything particular on this evening?
M:No,I’ve got a lot of time to kill.
W:Well,then.Won’t you come over to dinner and have a game of mahjong afterwards?
M:With pleasure.
W:You were not so eager about mahjong before.
M:That’s because I didn’t know the fun of playing it then.Why is mahjong such a popular game,do you know?
W:I’ve got no idea.I only know that foreigners are beginning to take an interest in it,besides their old card games.
M:That’s right.Some of them are already experts.
W:Indeed they are.But the trouble about mahjong is once you’re interested in it,you can’t shed it off.
M:Yes.Once I went crazy over other hobbies such as stamp collecting and reading,but I find them very boring now.
W:I’m sure your former hobbies are more beneficial.
M:I can’t deny that,and I can’t help it,either.
W:The bell’s ringing.That must be our partners.
9.What does the woman believe?
A.Mahjong is a beneficial hobby.
B.Mahjong can become an addiction.
C.Mahjong is too boring to play.
答案:B
10.What are they going to do now?
A.Teach their partners.
B.Learn old card games.
C.Play mahjong games.
答案:C
11.What is foreigners’ hobby?
A.Playing mahjong only.
B.Playing old card games and mahjong.
C.Playing their old card games.
答案:B
听第8段材料,回答第12至14题。
W:How’s your first day on the job going?
M:Fine.
W:I’m glad to hear that.Tell me,have you ever used a floor-polishing machine before?
M:No,I haven’t.Could you show me how?
W:Certainly.First,spray the wax on the floor.
M:I see.
W:Then,press here to turn the machine on... Okay so far.
M:I follow you.
W:Then,polish the floor with a back-and-forth motion like this.Do you think you’ve got that?
M:Yes,I’m sure I won’t have any trouble.
W:Make sure and let me know if you have any questions.
M:OK.Thanks.
12.What does the man probably do?
A.A manager.
B.A salesman.
C.A cleaner.
答案:C
13.What isn’t needed for his job?
A.A copying machine.
B.Wax(蜡).
C.A floor-polishing machine.
答案:A
14.What’s the possible relationship between them?
A.Classmates.
B.Mother and son.
C.Teacher and student.
答案:B
听第9段材料,回答第15至17题。
M:Is this table on the corner Okay?
W:Sure.We can sit here.
M:Gee.You’ve hardly got anything on your plate.
W:Yeah.I guess I’m just not that hungry.
M:What’s the matter? Aren’t you feeling well?
W:Well,I’ve been really worried.It’s my car.It’s in the shop again.
M:Really? What’s wrong this time?
W: I don’t know exactly.Something’s wrong with the brakes,I think.
M:Well,at least that shouldn’t cost you much to fix.Parts are cheaper for all the American cars like yours.Did the mechanic say how much it would cost?
W:He said he would call me later today about the cost.
M:Watch out he doesn’t try to take advantage of you.
W:What do you mean?
M:Well,some car mechanics,if they think that someone doesn’t know much about cars,they might try to overcharge that person.
W:Maybe so.But I trust this man.He has done some work for me in the past and his prices seemed to be fair.
M:Oh,that’s good to know.Maybe I’ll try using him in the future.By the way,do you need a ride home after class today?
15.Why is the woman worried?
A.The mechanic might try to overcharge her.
B.There’s something wrong with her car.
C.Good mechanics are not available.
答案:B
16.What does the woman think of her mechanic?
A.He takes advantage of her.
B.He is reliable.
C.He overcharges her.
答案:B
17.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In a school.
B.In a shop.
C.In a park.
答案:A
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
M:Mary,I usually miss very important dates and feel confused.Have you ever forgotten an appointment at the doctor’s or been late in getting to your part-time job?
W:Occasionally,but I’d like to show you my tips.Sure that these difficulties happen to everybody.However,you can avoid such problems if you write out schedules.They will help you to find out how much time you have to do the things that are important as well as those that are fun.A master schedule can be used to find out how much time you really have for activities.This schedule lists all of the activities that must complete.A weekly schedule can also be used to help you plan time for the things that you really like to do.Your weekly schedule should include time for activities.It also should include activities that will help you to achieve lifetime,long-term and short-term goals.Finally,it should include your study time and free time.Free time is necessary so that you can make needed changes in your schedule.A daily schedule is a final suggestion to help you plan your time.
18.How many different schedules are mentioned?
A.Five.
B.Four.
C.Three.
答案:C
19.What can you use your daily schedule to do?
A.To achieve the long-term goals.
B.To plan the time well.
C.To achieve short-term goals.
答案:B
20.What does “a master schedule” mean?
A.A schedule with all the important things and time used to finish it.
B.A schedule you make to yourself.
C.A schedule you make for your boss.
答案:A
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Scientists are developing the next generation of robot-driven cars and predict they could be carrying humans around by the year 2030.
The first wave of intelligent robot cars,capable of understanding and reacting to the world around them,will be tested this November in a competition run by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Scientists are developing vehicles(车辆)which will not only be driven by robots independently,but will be able to operate in a complicated city environment.“In the past it was sufficient for a vehicle just to perceive(察觉)the environment,” said Sebastian Thrun,a professor at Stanford University.
“The new challenge will be to understand the environment.The robot must be able to recognize another car,to understand that it is moving and that it will interact(互相影响)with it as it gets closer.”Stanford’s entrant(参加竞赛者)“Junior” is a changed 2006 Volkswagen Passat whose steering,throttle(节流阀)and brakes all have been modified by engineers.
Lasers fitted on the car bumpers,radar and global positioning systems feed data into the on-board computer to determine its location and position.Thrun predicted that advances in artificial intelligence would lead to driverless cars on the roads by 2030.
“Today they can drive about 100 miles,by 2020 I expect this to go to a million miles,” he said.“By 2030 you’ll be able to see them on the highway,with driving reliability that will beat humans.”
“We believe this technology will affect all of us.It is going to have enormous significance for people who can’t drive because of disabilities or because they are ill or impaired.” Thrun said he believed robot-driven vehicles would be deployed in war zones before they were seen in everyday civilian environments.
21.Compared with the old robot-driven cars,the new ones .
A.can understand orders from humans
B.can perceive the environment
C.are modified to be completely computer-controllable
D.not only can understand the environment but also can react to it
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。由第四段中的“The new challenge will be to understand the environment.The robot...understand that it is moving and that it will interact with it as it gets closer.”可以得出答案。
22.The underlined word “sufficient” in the third paragraph means “ ”.
A.unbelievable B.enough
C.useful D.wonderful
答案:B
解析:词义猜测题。由前一句和sufficient所在的句子“In the past it was sufficient for a vehicle just to perceive the environment ...”的含义“过去,车辆只要能够察觉环境就足够了……”可知sufficient与enough是同义词。
23.According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true about “Junior”?
A.It is controlled by a robot or a computer.
B.Some of its parts have been modified by engineers.
C.It was invented by Sebastian Thrun.
D.It is valuable.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。由第四段最后一句中的“Stanford’s entrant ‘Junior’”可知Junior不是由Sebastian Thrun发明的。
24.Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Disabled people cannot use the car.
B.There is a computer in the car.
C.The car will be able to travel very fast by 2030.
D.The car can be easily located no matter where it is.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。由最后一段的“It is going to have enormous significance for people who can’t drive because of disabilities ...”可知答案。
B
Motivation(动机)means the desire to work toward a goal.It can come from inside or outside and can be positive or negative.When you say,“If I make a hit,we’ll win the game and I’ll be a hero,” you challenge yourself to do something and imagine what the reward will be.You might also say “If I fail in school,I will be terribly ashamed.” Imagining the misery that failure brings is a negative way of motivating yourself.
Sometimes motivation comes from the outside.Your parents might say “If you do well in school,the whole family will go to Disney World.” Now you have a powerful reason to study hard!Your parents might also say “If you do not clean up your room,you will be forbidden to watch your favorite TV program.” This is the negative approach.
The best kind of motivation comes from inside you.In fact,motivating yourself to do well instead of waiting for someone else to tell you is a sign that you are growing up.People who have no goals must be told what to do all the time.Leaders are mature people who discipline and motivate themselves.
Self-motivation is one thing we learn from the martial arts.When we begin,our master teaches us everything.As we progress,the master tells us that we are expected to practice every day at home—and leaves us on our own!The master does not ask in class whether we practiced and does not punish us if we fail to do so.By saying nothing,the master challenges us to be grown-up enough to motivate and discipline ourselves.
If we are serious about the martial arts and really want to win,we will practice at home and do well in class.Our master will notice this and encourage us to continue.Soon we will be ready for testing to advance to the next belt rank.We will move up because we motivate ourselves.We will have made it on our own.
25.What does the author want to express using the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
A.Motivation comes from outside.
B.Motivation can be positive.
C.Motivation makes a person negative.
D.Motivation needs a reward.
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。由第一段第二句可知“动机来自内心或外界,有积极的或消极的”。画线句子后面的“you challenge yourself to do something and imagine what the reward will be.”可知画线句子所表达的是一种积极的动机。
26.In the author’s opinion, .
A.parents should forbid their kids to watch TV
B.a person should work hard in order to set a proper goal
C.motivation can sometimes help you achieve your goal
D.waiting for others’ help shows you are growing up
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知,动机是一种朝着目标前进的欲望。由第二段可知,积极的动机可以帮助人实现目标。故选C项。
27.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.Self-motivation can be learned from the martial arts.
B.Martial arts can be learned by oneself.
C.Learning martial arts needs practicing every day.
D.The master has excellent self-motivation.
答案:A
解析:主旨大意题。第四段第一句是该段的主题句,故本段的主旨是“自我鼓励是我们可以从武术中学到的事情”。故选A项。
28.If you practice at home and do well in class, .
A.you will succeed with others’ help
B.you will make it on your own
C.you will learn to encourage yourself
D.you will make friends with your master
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。由最后一段第一句和最后一句可知,如果你在家里训练,在课堂上好好表现,那么你将不依靠别人而获得成功。
C
What makes a person a scientist?Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others?The answer is “no”.It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use power is important to a carpenter(木匠).You will probably agree,too,that knowing how to investigate(调查),how to discover information,is important to everyone.The scientist,however,goes one step further;he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact.There’s no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different,any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证)must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason why investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein,who developed the Theory of Relativity,arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy(正确性)of his mathematics was later tested through investigation.Einstein’s ideas proved to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(计算)that may test his investigations.
29.What makes a person a scientist according to the passage?
A.The tools he uses.
B.His ways of learning.
C.The way he uses his tools.
D.The various tools he uses.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。由第一段的第四句“It isn’t...but how he uses...scientist.”可知C项正确。
30.By saying “...knowing how to investigate,how to discover information,is important to everyone”,the author wants to show .
A.the importance of information
B.the difference between scientists and ordinary people
C.the importance of thinking
D.the difference between carpenters and ordinary people
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。第一段中的“...knowing how to investigate,how to discover information,is important to everyone.”强调知道怎样去调查,怎样去获取信息,是一种思考的过程,暗示思维的重要性。
31.A sound(合理的) scientific theory should be one that .
A.works under one set of conditions at all times
B.leaves no room for improvement
C.doesn’t allow any change even under different conditions
D.can be used for many purposes
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。由第二段第四句“What works...times.”可知。
32.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Scientists are different from ordinary people in many different ways.
B.The Theory of Relativity is a very important theory.
C.Exactness is the core(核心)of science.
D.Exactness and the way of using tools are the keys to making a scientist.
答案:D
解析:主旨大意题。文章开篇点出讨论的话题:是什么造就了科学家?文章第一段主要讲述合理利用工具的重要性,第二段主要说明准确的重要性。故选D项。
D
Scientists have been puzzled by the phenomenon that migrating(迁徙) birds fly not just in groups all the time,but in “V” formations(队形) and they have tried to figure out what benefit birds get from this particular formation.Now,a research group from the University of London may have found the answer—migrating birds fly in a “V” to save energy,according to a study published in the journal Nature.
When a bird flaps(拍打) its wings,it stirs the air around it and causes the air to move in different directions.Scientists found in the study that the air creates an upward-moving wave at the tips of the wings,which means that if a bird flies around the wingtips of another bird,it can get a boost(向上一推) from the rising air and therefore use less energy to stay in the air.
But there is a small problem—the lead bird gets no lift advantage and can easily get tired.This is why a group of migrating birds regularly switches leaders,according to The New York Times.
Apart from the “free ride” strategy(策略),scientists were also surprised to observe that migrating birds timed their wing beats and adjusted their positions in a very precise way to maximize(使最大化) the lifting effect while avoiding areas where the air moved downward.
“They’re able to sense what’s going on from the bird in front,where this ‘good air’ is coming from and how to position themselves perfectly in it,” lead researcher Steven Portugal told BBC.
In fact,the “V” formation has long been thought to help birds fly more efficiently(效率高地).A previous study showed that birds’ heart rates went down when they were flying together in a “V”formation.Jet fighters were also found to be able to reduce their energy use by up to 18% by staying near the wingtips of other jet fighters.Both of these findings led scientists to suspect that the “V” formation had an efficiency purpose,but until now they still lack proof.
“For scientists,the new study provides an insight into an interesting natural phenomenon.But it could mean even more for aircraft companies—helping them understand how they can imitate(模仿) that with their plane formations to save fuel,”said Portugal.
33.What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A.To explain how birds benefit from migration.
B.To introduce how migrating birds find their way.
C.To tell some applications of migrating birds’ “V” formations.
D.To report new findings about migrating birds’ “V” formations.
答案:D
解析:写作意图题。本文围绕鸟类在迁徙途中为什么要排列成“V”字形展开叙述,因此本文的写作目的是报道关于鸟类迁徙途中排列成“V”字形队列的新发现,因此选D项。
34.According to the recent study,when birds migrate, .
A.they don’t often change their lead birds during the whole journey
B.they fly in “V” formations to protect themselves against enemies
C.they form the shape of a “V” to make best use of the lifting effect
D.the air they stir around makes it hard for the birds behind to fly fast
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。关于鸟类迁徙的飞行,第三段说它们regularly switches leaders,A项错;第二段说排“V”字形是为了use less energy,B项错,本段还说使用“V”字形队列,鸟类飞翔的时候能够flies around the wingtips of another bird,这样它们就能“...get a boost from the rising air and therefore use less energy to stay in the air.”,D项错;由第四段中的“...to maximize the lifting effect while avoiding areas where the air moved downward.”可知,C项正确。
35.What is the significance of the new study according to this article?
A.It might inspire aircraft companies to think of ways to improve efficiency.
B.It has proved that the “V” formation can improve efficiency in many fields.
C.It has led scientists to discover that birds’ heart rates go down when they fly in a “V”.
D.It shows that the best formation of jet fighters in battles should be a “V” formation.
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。最后一段说该研究能让飞机在飞行的过程中模仿鸟类的编队方式,以节省燃料,提高效能,因此选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is an English saying,“ 36 ” Until recently,few people took the saying seriously.Now however,doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. 37
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts,blood pressure,breathing and muscles.It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. 38 If laughter exercises the body,it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes.The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny programme. 39
40 They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing,making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
A.Laughter can surely last one’s life.
B.As a result of these discoveries,some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics,in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C.The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
D.It increases blood pressure,makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper;it also works several groups of muscles in the face,the stomach,and even the feet.
E.They have proved that laughter can really cure any disease if people keep a good state of mind.
F.Laughter is the best medicine.
G.They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
答案:36~40 FGDCB
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full 41 of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 42 on obvious facts,and therefore refuses to accept authority(权威) as the only 43 for truth.He always 44 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of 45 science may be considered to 46 as far back as the 47 of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher(哲学家) of Oxford,who lived 48 the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the Middle 49 to suggest that we should learn science 50 observing and experimenting on the things around us,and he himself 51 many important discoveries.
Galileo,however,who lived more than 300 years later,was the greatest of several great men, 52 lived in Italy,France,Germany or England,began by 53 to show how many important 54 could be discovered by observation.
Before Galileo,learned men believed that large bodies fell more 55 towards the earth than small ones, 56 Aristotle said so.But Galileo,going to the 57 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa,let fall two 58 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.It was Galileo’s 59 of going direct to Nature,and proving our 60 and theories by experiment,that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
41.A.use B.time
C.speed D.trust
答案:A
解析:use “用处”,make use of “利用”;time“时间”,speed“速度”和trust“信任”通常不与动词make连用。
42.A.worked B.based
C.lived D.written
答案:B
解析:work “工作”;base “使……以……为基础”,常与介词on连用;live “生活”;write “写”。由空后的on想到此处用based。
43.A.reason B.result
C.advice D.effect
答案:A
解析:reason “原因”,常与介词for连用;result “结果”;advice “建议”;effect “影响,作用”。
44.A.thinks B.checks
C.has D.learns
答案:B
解析:think “认为”;check “检查,核实”;have “有”;learn “学习”。此处用check表示“他总是仔细核实想法,并做实验来验证它们”。
45.A.natural B.physical
C.ancient D.modern
答案:D
解析:natural “自然的”;physical “物理的,身体上的”;ancient “古代的”;modern “现代的”。此处表示“现代科学的崛起可能被认为要追溯到Roger Bacon时期”。
46.A.date B.keep
C.look D.take
答案:A
解析:date back to “追溯到”;keep back “阻止”;look back “向后看,回顾”;take back “收回”。
47.A.study B.time
C.year D.birth
答案:B
解析:由空后的“...Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford...”可知此处用time表示“牛津著名的哲学家Roger Bacon那个时代”。
48.A.both B.each
C.between D.among
答案:C
解析:由空后的and可知此处用between表示“在……与……之间”。
49.A.Schools B.Ages
C.Days D.Countries
答案:B
解析:由空前的the Middle可知此处用Ages表示“中世纪时代”。
50.A.in B.with
C.on D.by
答案:D
解析:介词by后接动词-ing形式表示“通过做某事”。
51.A.did B.made
C.took D.gave
答案:B
解析:由空后的discoveries可知此处应用动词made构成词组make discoveries“发现”。
52.A.who B.when
C.that D.where
答案:A
解析:由空前的several great men可知此处应用who引导定语从句。
53.A.ways B.degrees
C.levels D.chances
答案:B
解析:by degrees “逐渐地,渐渐地”。
54.A.truths B.problems
C.people D.subjects
答案:A
解析:truth “真理,真相”;problem “问题”;people “人们,民族”;subject “科目,主题”。此处用truths表示“事实真相可以通过观察得到”。
55.A.slowly B.rapidly
C.lightly D.heavily
答案:B
解析:slowly “慢慢地”;rapidly “快速地”;lightly “轻轻地”;heavily “沉重地”。此处用rapidly表示“以前人们认为重的物体下降得快”。
56.A.when B.because
C.although D.if
答案:B
解析:此处用because表示“因为亚里士多德这样说过”。
57.A.place B.foot
C.top D.ceiling
答案:C
解析:既然是要做实验,故伽利略需要到斜塔塔顶。
58.A.big B.small
C.equal D.unequal
答案:D
解析:由空后的proved Aristotle was wrong可想到Aristotle曾经说的是“大石头比小石头下降得快”,故此处应选择unequal表示“两块不同等的石头”。
59.A.spirit B.skill
C.theory D.discovery
答案:A
解析:spirit意为“精神”;skill意为“技巧”;theory意为“理论”;discovery意为“发现”。此处用spirit表示“伽利略精神”。
60.A.plans B.opinions
C.world D.ability
答案:B
解析:由空后的and theories可知选择opinions与theories保持一致。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I asked my uncle,Frank,who plays 61. piano well,if he would assess(评定) the tone of a second-hand piano I was hoping 62. (buy).We arrived at the house and my uncle looked the piano over,then 63. (sit) down and played a mixture of honky-tonk numbers and classical 64. (piece).When he finished,we told the family that we would call them 65. (late).
Outside,my uncle said that 66. the wood was battered(坏掉的),the sound was good and we should 67. (buy) it.
When I phoned the woman back,she sounded as if she was crying.68. (concern),I asked,“What’s the matter?”
“We didn’t know the piano should play like that,”she replied.The piano wasn’t 69. sale,and her daughter had to resume(重新开始) taking piano 70.(lesson).
答案:61.the 62.to buy 63.sat 64.pieces 65.later 66.though/although 67.buy 68.Concerned 69.for 70.lessons
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
导学号11610006
The “white pollution” problem was caused by used plastic is becoming increasingly serious,on which plastic shopping bags play an important role.In China about three billions plastic shopping bags are used every day,that results in a great waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution.Lucky,the government put a nationwide ban on the use of free plastic bags,demand that no stores and supermarkets should provide customers with free plastic bags after June 1,2008.The rule will undoubtedly reduce use of plastic bags or promote the awareness of environmental protection.He is strongly suggested that everyone turns to cloth bags and shopping baskets.
答案:
第一句:去掉was;on→in
第二句:billions→billion;that→which
第三句:Lucky→Luckily;demand→demanding
第四句:在reduce与use之间加the;or→and
第五句:He→It;turns→turn
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华,贵校在学生中征集意见,询问学生是否赞成开设iPad课堂(iPad classrooms)。你支持开设iPad课堂。请给校长写一封建议信,要点如下:
1.资源丰富;
2.促进交流;
3.利于环保;
4.其他理由。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头、结尾已为你写好。
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
※主题:a letter of advice on opening iPad classrooms
※必备词汇:in favor of,customize(定制),to begin with,for the sake of,cut down,develop one’s interest
※必备句型:
I am in favor of this plan for the following reasons.
For the sake of environmental protection,opening iPad classrooms is a good way to save trees...
I believe students will develop their interests in...
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration...
参考范文:
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms.I am in favor of this plan for the following reasons.To begin with,everyone learns differently.Students can customize their iPad with materials that fit their level and learning style,and thus tailor it to different needs.Moreover,when connected to the Internet,students can interact with teachers and classmates about what they learn more conveniently.For the sake of environmental protection,opening iPad classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper.Most importantly,I believe students will develop their interests in the subjects by enjoying a new way of learning.
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration and we look forward to attending an iPad class.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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