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新教材2023版高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientistsSectionⅠReadingandThinking课件新人教版选择性必修第二册
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这是一份新教材2023版高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientistsSectionⅠReadingandThinking课件新人教版选择性必修第二册，共60页。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking课前预习设计课堂提升素养课前预习设计自读课文 疏通文脉大意Task 1 文本整体理解：理清文章架构1.What's the main idea of the passage?A．The cause of cholera was polluted water.B．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.C．The source of all drinking water should be examined.D．John Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”．D2．Read the text and match the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1 ________ A．Snow collects information and offers solutions.Para.2 ________ B．Snow desires to defeat cholera.Para.3 ________ C．Snow is determined to investigate.Para.4 ________ D．John Snow is the father of modern epidemiology.Para.5 ________ E．Snow finds the truth of cholera.BCAEDTask 2 文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解Read the text on Pages 2～3 carefully and then choose the best answer.1．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in?A．Bad air caused the disease.B．People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.B2．At last, “King Cholera” was controlled by ________．A．using medicines in hospitalB．driving patients out of the countryC．dealing with the polluted waterD．getting rid of all kinds of pollutionC3．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?A．Cholera multiplied in the water. B．Polluted water carried the virus. C．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found. B4．Where does this text probably come from?A．A newspaper. B．A medical report. C．A book review. D．A TV interview.ATask 3 文本理解：续写佳句1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the mood of sadness.(细读短文并找出描写悲伤心理的句子)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to show determination.(细读短文并找出表达决心的句子)(1)________________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.He never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.He was determined to find out why.Task 4 阅读思维升华：主题实践1.How did Snow defeat cholera? (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Firstly, he subscribed to the second theory.Secondly, he began to investigate to collect proof.Thirdly, he marked on a map the exact places where people who died had lived.Fourthly, he looked into the source of the water and found that it came from the polluted river.Finally, the source of water was examined and cholera was controlled.2．What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common? (Critical Thinking批判性思维)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．What can we learn from Snow when facing epidemic? (Creative Thinking创造性思维)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific methods. They treat the sick with love and kindness.When facing an epidemic, we should find the cause of it, cut off the transmission route of the virus, develop vaccines and find the cure for it.精读课文 疏通理解障碍[读文清障]①cholera ['kɒlərə] n．霍乱②used to do sth.过去常常做某事③severe [sɪ'vɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地④diarrhoea [ˌdaɪə'rɪə] n．腹泻⑤dehydration [ˌdiːhaɪ'dreɪʃn] n．脱水⑥outbreak n．爆发；突然发生⑦hit v．攻击；进攻；袭击⑧frustrated [frʌ'streɪtɪd] adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的feel frustrated感到沮丧frustration n．挫折⑨in time最后；迟早⑩rise v．变得更加成功(或重要、强大等)⑪attend to照料⑫give birth (to)生孩子⑬once and for all最终地；彻底地⑭in general通常；一般而言⑮contradictory [ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri] adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的be contradictory to与……相矛盾contradict v．相抵触，相矛盾；反驳⑯infection [ɪn'fekʃn] n．感染；传染⑰germ [dʒɜːm] n．微生物；细菌；病菌⑱subscribe to同意；赞同subscribe [səb'skraɪb] vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)⑲proof [pruːf] n．证据；证明；检验prove v．证明；证明是⑳consequently adv.因此，所以㉑investigate v．调查；研究㉒particular adj.特定的；特别的㉓be determined to do sth.决心做某事㉔multiple ['mʌltɪpl] adj.数量多的；多种多样的multiply v．乘；增加；繁殖㉕water pump水泵pump [pʌmp] n．泵；抽水机；打气筒㉖household ['haʊshəʊld] n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人㉗suspect [sə'spekt] vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任['sʌspekt] n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspect...of...怀疑…… ㉘blame [bleɪm] vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责；过失be to blame for对……应负责任㉙what is more更重要的是；而且㉚as a result of由于(后跟原因)as a result结果(后跟结果)㉛accordingly adv.因此；相应地㉜handle ['hændl] n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)㉝intervention [ˌɪntə'venʃn] n．介入；出面；干涉㉞infect [ɪn'fekt] vt.使感染；传染infectious adj.传染性的；感染的(尤指通过呼吸)㉟link [lɪk] n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联a link between...and...……与……之间的联系be linked to与……连接；与……有关联，与……有联系㊱raw [rɔː] adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的raw material原材料㊲be likely to do sth.有可能做某事㊳pure [pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的pure water纯净水㊴tireless adj.不知疲倦的㊵substantial [səb'stænʃl] adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的㊶decrease ['diːkriːs] n．减少；降低；减少量[dɪ'kriːs] vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低on the decrease在减少，在降低㊷thanks to幸亏；由于㊸statistic [stə'tɪstɪk] n．[pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学㊹transform [træns'fɔːm] vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变transform...into...把……转变成……㊺epidemiology [ˌepɪˌdiːmi'ɒlədʒi] n．流行病学[原文呈现]JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①”Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome [1]. This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit⑦ Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated⑧ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera [2]. In time⑨， he rose⑩ to become a famous doctor, and even attended to⑪ Queen Victoria when she gave birth⑫. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑬.[1]此处是until引导的时间状语从句，其中how it could be overcome是包含在该从句中的宾语从句。[2]此处是because引导的原因状语从句，其中how to prevent or treat cholera是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语。In general⑭， doctors in those days had two contradictory⑮ theories to explain how cholera spread [3]. One theory was that bad air caused the disease [4]. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑯ from germs⑰ in food or water. Snow subscribed to⑱ the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof⑲. Consequently⑳， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854 [5], Snow began to investigate㉑. He discovered that in two particular㉒streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to㉓find out why.[3]此处是how引导的宾语从句。[4]此处是that引导的表语从句， that在从句中不作成分。[5]此处是when引导的时间状语从句。Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple㉔deaths near the water pump㉕in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households㉖(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected㉗that the water pump was to blame㉘ [6]. What is more㉙, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of㉚this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs [7]. Accordingly㉛, he had the handle㉜of the pump removed so that it could not be used [8]. Through this intervention㉝, the disease was stopped in its tracks.[6]此处是that引导的宾语从句。be to blame意为“负有责任”，不定式to blame用主动形式表示被动含义。[7]此处是that引导的宾语从句。[8]此处使用了“have sth.done”结构，意为“让/请人做某事；使某事/物被做”；so that引导目的状语从句。The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected㉞by waste [9]. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link㉟between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw㊱waste [10]. The people who drank this water [11] were much more likely to㊲get cholera than those who drank pure㊳or boiled water [12].[9]此处是that引导的表语从句。[10]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词water。[11]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词The people。[12]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词those。Through Snow's tireless㊴efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial㊵decrease㊶. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera [13], thanks to㊷the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics㊸, Snow transformed㊹the way scientists study diseases [14]. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology㊺.[13]此处是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作know的宾语。[14]此处是省略了引导词that/in which的定语从句，修饰the way。[课文翻译]约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。这种疾病可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，当霍乱爆发，肆虐欧洲时，数百万人死于这种疾病。由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时的医生通常有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发的这种疾病，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得非常严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。斯诺开始在地图上标出那些死去的人曾经居住过的地方的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，然而有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费的啤酒，因此他们没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿搬离宽街后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵抽上来的水，以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。因为这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这一干预，疾病的蔓延得以遏制。事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物感染了。此外，斯诺之后还证实了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水的人更有可能染上霍乱。经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始销售清洁用水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是一个问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，并且许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，在他使用地图和数据的过程中，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。出于这个原因，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。自查语基 落实基本知能Ⅰ.核心词汇根据语境写出正确的单词1．two ___________ theories 两个相互矛盾的理论2．an infection from ________ in food 由食物的细菌引起的感染3．need ________ 需要证据4．cause a ________ traffic accident 造成严重的交通事故5．many poor _________ 许多贫困家庭6．water ________ 水泵7．________ the evidence 怀疑这个证据contradictorygermsproofseverehouseholdspumpsuspect8．be to ________ 该受责备9．remove the ________ of the pump 拆掉水泵的手柄10．________ waste 未经处理的废物11．a ________ between smoking and lung cancer 吸烟和肺癌之间的联系12．a substantial ________ 大幅度减少13．scientific ________ 科学数据14．________ one's character 改变某人的性格15．________ to a magazine 订阅杂志16．________ him of theft 怀疑他有偷窃行为blamehandlerawlinkdecreasestatisticstransformsubscribesuspectⅡ.拓展词汇根据提示写出相应的单词1．________ [sɪ'vɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地2．________ [frʌ'streɪtɪd] adj.懊恼的，沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心→frustration n．挫折3．________ [ɪn'fekʃn] n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.传染性的；感染的(尤指通过呼吸)4．________ [pruːf] n．证据；证明；检验→prove v．证明；证明是severefrustratedinfectionproof5．________ ['mʌltɪpl] adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply v．乘；增加；繁殖6．__________ [ˌɪntə'venʃn] n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.介入；出面；插话7．________ [pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purify v．净化8．________ [træns'fɔːm] vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n．变化；转变；变换multipleinterventionpuretransform构词规律根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词1．-ion常用于动词之后构成名词。①infect v．→infection n．感染②select v．→________ n．挑选③elect v．→________ n．选举④collect v．→________ n．收集2．形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的；充满……的”①infect使感染；传染→infectious传染性的②humor幽默→humorous幽默的③courage勇气→courageous勇敢的④caution谨慎；小心→cautious谨慎的；小心的⑤continue继续→continuous持续的selectionelectioncollectionⅢ.重点短语1．________________ 幸亏；由于2．________________ 经过一段时间之后；迟早3．________________ 照顾；护理4．________________ 总的说来；从总体上看5．________________ 很可能做某事6．________________ 死于；因……而死thanks toin timeattend toin generalbe likely to do sth.die from7．________________ 因此，由于；作为……的结果8．________________ 开始做事；开始认真考虑某事9．________________ 最终地；彻底地10．________________ 同意；赞同11．________________ 生孩子12．________________ 孜孜不倦的努力13．________________ 成为一位著名的医生as a result ofget down toonce and for allsubscribe togive birthtireless effortsbecome a famous doctorⅣ.重点句型1．[句型]until引导的时间状语从句[教材]Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, ________ a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。2．[句型]“疑问词＋不定式”结构[教材]As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew ________________________．作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防和治疗霍乱。untilhow to prevent or treat cholera3．[句型]where引导的定语从句[教材]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places __________________________．斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经生活的精确地点。4．[句型]“It seemed that...”意为“好像……；似乎……”“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于 ……”引导结果状语从句___________ the woman liked the water from the pump ___________ she had it delivered to her house every day.这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵抽上来的水，以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。5．[句型]“have sth.done”意为“让/请人做某事；使某事被做”[教材]Accordingly, he _____________________________ so that it could not be used.于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。where all those who died had livedIt seemed thatso much thathad the handle of the pump removedⅤ.理清复杂句式1．[教材]Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.[分析]本句是一个复合句。until前面的句子是主句， until引导的是________从句； a British doctor与John Snow是________关系，是从句的主语，从句谓语showed后面是how引导的________从句。[翻译]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________时间状语同位语宾语 霍乱曾经是世界上最为可怕的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。2．[教材]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.[分析]本句是一个复合句。主句是“It seemed...”， that引导________从句， so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导________从句，含有“have sb./sth.＋done”结构，表示“________________”。[翻译]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________表语结果状语让某人/某物被…… 这个女人似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人把水送到她家。3．[教材]Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.[分析]本句是一个由and连接的________句，在第二个简单句中the threat of cholera around the world作主语， saw是谓语，表“___________”，可以理解为一种拟人的修辞手法，使表达既简练又生动。[翻译]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________并列经历；目睹 经过斯诺不懈的努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度减少。课堂提升素养1(教材P2)Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。◎句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句(1)若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。(2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。(3)强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。[佳句] We kept fighting with the fierce bear until some kind people rushed to help us handle the animal.我们继续和这只凶猛的熊搏斗，直到一些善良的人冲过来帮我们对付这只动物。(读后续写之动作描写)[练通]——单句语法填空①[2022·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]The voice became louder and louder ________ David dragged his leg, passing the terminal.②It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing ________ I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall.untilthat[写美]——一句多译直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)③____________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装)④_________________________________ I was aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句型)Not until I experienced the accident was I aware thatIt was not until I experienced the accident that2(教材P2)As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。◎frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的(1)feel frustrated at/with 对……感到沮丧/懊恼(2)frustrate vt. 使懊丧；使懊恼；挫败；阻止；防止frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 (常形容事物)frustration n. [U]懊丧；沮丧；挫败[佳句] Disappointed and frustrated, the poor man made his way back to his family.感到失望和沮丧，这个可怜的人回到了他的家。[练通]——单句语法填空①Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and __________ (frustrate) experience.②When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and ________ (frustrate)．[写美]——应用文佳句③令他懊恼的是， 他的儿子感染了流感病毒。____________________ was that his son was infected with the flu virus.frustratingfrustratedWhat made him frustrated3(教材P2)Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种看法。◎subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)subscribe to 同意；赞同；订购；捐赠subscribe...to... 在……上签署……；向……捐赠……[佳句] All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect. (应用文之人际关系)我们所有人都赞成这个观点，好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。[练通]——猜测下列加黑词的含义①[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ读后续写]Bernard excitedly subscribed to my idea of making popcorn to earn some money.____________②It was the outstanding astronomer who always subscribed to our school, to which we were sincerely grateful.____________③To broaden our horizons and enrich our school life, we students willingly subscribe to China Daily.____________赞成；同意捐助订阅4(教材P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。◎suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象(1)suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是…… suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事(2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯[佳句] [2020·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写]At first, Bernard suspected that he couldn't sell his popcorn as planned.起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能像计划的那样卖爆米花。[练通]——单句语法填空①________ (suspect) of damaging this cultural heritage, he was arrested by the police.②Two ________ (suspect) in connection with the case are now being questioned.[写美]——一句多译[2020·全国卷Ⅰ应用文]我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现自己的梦想。③The person I respect most is my English teacher, who _____________ _______________________. (suspect that...)④The person I respect most is my English teacher, who _______________________________. (suspect sb.of...)Suspectedsuspectsnever suspectsthat we can achieve our dreamsnever suspects us of achieving our dreams◎blame vt.把……归咎于；责备；指责 n．责备；指责；过失(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人 blame sth. on... 把某事归咎于…… be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任(2)take the blame for 对……承担责任 put/lay/place the blame for sth. on... 把某事归咎于……[佳句] So instead of blaming others, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(应用文之建议信)[练通]——单句语法填空⑤There is no doubt that the terrible earthquake was ________ (blame) for such severe ruins.⑥The boss didn't blame his assistant ________ the mistake，which was beyond expectations.＝The boss didn't blame the mistake ________ his assistant, which was beyond expectations.[写美]——句式升级⑦Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.→_____________________________________________ , Alice was in low spirits. (分词作状语)[温馨提示] 在be to blame (for sth.)短语中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。to blameforonBlamed for the breakdown of the school computer network [佳句] He was so frightened that he stood rooted to the spot.＝So frightened was he that he stood rooted to the spot.他是如此害怕，以至于他站在那里一动不动。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)[练通]——单句语法填空①The brilliant boy made ________ great progress that the teacher praised him.②My uncle is ________ generous a person that he was highly thought of by the people around.＝My uncle is ________ a generous person that he was highly thought of by the people around.suchsosuch[写美]——一句多译他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)③He was ____________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.④_________________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(倒装句)so nervous thatSo nervous was he that6(教材P2)Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。◎句型公式：“have sth.done”意为“让/请人做某事；使某事被做”(1)have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事(2)have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can't/couldn't have sb. doing sth. 不能容忍某人做某事(3)have sth. to do 有某事要做[佳句] If we take a positive attitude and keep on trying, we can have our goals achieved in the end.如果我们采取积极的态度并不断努力，我们最终会实现我们的目标。[练通]——单句语法填空①We began to help pick peaches and then had them ________ (deliver) to the farmers' houses.②Last Sunday our school had us ________ (take) part in a five-kilometer cross-country running race to build up our body.③We can't have him ________ (get) away with cheating in the exam; otherwise, he won't shoulder the blame.[写美]——应用文之道歉信④我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。I am terribly sorry for ______________________________， because ________________________ just now.deliveredtakegettinghaving you waiting for me for so longI had an urgent thing to attend to7(教材P3)Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.此外，斯诺之后还证实了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的饮用水公司有关。◎link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联(1)link...to/with... 把……与……连接/联系起来be linked to/with 与……有联系/关系(2)a link between...and... ……与……之间的关系/联系[佳句] In my opinion, there is a close link between teachers and students.在我看来，师生之间有着密切的关系。[练通]——单句语法填空①We should link theory ________ practice when working.②Your innovations should ________ (link) to our school life and be able to make our life better and more convenient.[写美]——应用文之健康生活③健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。Health problems ________________ bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.[温馨提示] 表示“将……和……连接起来”的短语还有connect...with/to...、 join...to...等。withbe linkedare closely linked to8(教材P3)Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始销售清洁用水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅降低。◎decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(1)on the decrease/increase 正在减少/增加(2)decrease in... 在……方面减少decrease to... 减少到……decrease by... 减少了……[佳句] The number of new students has decreased from 2，000 to 1，600 in recent two years.近两年新生人数从2 000减少到1 600人。[练通]——单句语法填空①__________ (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.②Over the past decades, sea ice has been ________ the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming.[写美]——一句多译由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。③Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ________________．④Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ____________．To decreaseonis on the decreaseis decreasing9(教材P3)Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。◎thanks to幸亏；由于表示“由于”的其他常见表达：because of (常作状语)due to (常作状语和表语，作状语时一般不放在句首)owing to (常作状语和表语)on account of (常作状语，位置可前可后)[佳句] It was thanks to your guidance that I won the first place in the contest.多亏您的指导，我在比赛中获得了第一名。 [练通]——单句语法填空①The coast road is closed due ________ bad weather.②The President declined to deliver the speech himself, ________ account of a sore throat.[写美]——补全句子③I hold the strong belief that your current success is ___________________________________ (因为你的努力工作和不知疲倦的努力)．④____________________ (多亏了移动图书馆), these people can still borrow books.toondue to/owing to your hard work and tireless effortsThanks to mobile libraries10(教材P3)Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，在他使用地图和数据的过程中，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。◎transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变(1)transform...into... 使……转变成……transform into... 转化成……；改造为……be transformed from...into... 由……变成……(2)transformation n. 变化，转变；改观[佳句] There is no doubt that success and wealth transformed his character.毫无疑问，成功和财富改变了他的性格。[练通]——单句语法填空①Life in Britain _____________ (transform) by the appearance of the steam engine in the past.②The past ten years has witnessed a great ____________ (transform) of my hometown.[写美]——应用文之感谢信③你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。Your generous help and kindness ____________________________ an unforgettable memory.was transformedtransformationtransformed my first Canada trip into
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking课前预习设计课堂提升素养课前预习设计自读课文 疏通文脉大意Task 1 文本整体理解：理清文章架构1.What's the main idea of the passage?A．The cause of cholera was polluted water.B．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.C．The source of all drinking water should be examined.D．John Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”．D2．Read the text and match the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1 ________ A．Snow collects information and offers solutions.Para.2 ________ B．Snow desires to defeat cholera.Para.3 ________ C．Snow is determined to investigate.Para.4 ________ D．John Snow is the father of modern epidemiology.Para.5 ________ E．Snow finds the truth of cholera.BCAEDTask 2 文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解Read the text on Pages 2～3 carefully and then choose the best answer.1．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in?A．Bad air caused the disease.B．People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.B2．At last, “King Cholera” was controlled by ________．A．using medicines in hospitalB．driving patients out of the countryC．dealing with the polluted waterD．getting rid of all kinds of pollutionC3．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?A．Cholera multiplied in the water. B．Polluted water carried the virus. C．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found. B4．Where does this text probably come from?A．A newspaper. B．A medical report. C．A book review. D．A TV interview.ATask 3 文本理解：续写佳句1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the mood of sadness.(细读短文并找出描写悲伤心理的句子)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to show determination.(细读短文并找出表达决心的句子)(1)________________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.He never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.He was determined to find out why.Task 4 阅读思维升华：主题实践1.How did Snow defeat cholera? (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Firstly, he subscribed to the second theory.Secondly, he began to investigate to collect proof.Thirdly, he marked on a map the exact places where people who died had lived.Fourthly, he looked into the source of the water and found that it came from the polluted river.Finally, the source of water was examined and cholera was controlled.2．What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common? (Critical Thinking批判性思维)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．What can we learn from Snow when facing epidemic? (Creative Thinking创造性思维)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific methods. They treat the sick with love and kindness.When facing an epidemic, we should find the cause of it, cut off the transmission route of the virus, develop vaccines and find the cure for it.精读课文 疏通理解障碍[读文清障]①cholera ['kɒlərə] n．霍乱②used to do sth.过去常常做某事③severe [sɪ'vɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地④diarrhoea [ˌdaɪə'rɪə] n．腹泻⑤dehydration [ˌdiːhaɪ'dreɪʃn] n．脱水⑥outbreak n．爆发；突然发生⑦hit v．攻击；进攻；袭击⑧frustrated [frʌ'streɪtɪd] adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的feel frustrated感到沮丧frustration n．挫折⑨in time最后；迟早⑩rise v．变得更加成功(或重要、强大等)⑪attend to照料⑫give birth (to)生孩子⑬once and for all最终地；彻底地⑭in general通常；一般而言⑮contradictory [ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri] adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的be contradictory to与……相矛盾contradict v．相抵触，相矛盾；反驳⑯infection [ɪn'fekʃn] n．感染；传染⑰germ [dʒɜːm] n．微生物；细菌；病菌⑱subscribe to同意；赞同subscribe [səb'skraɪb] vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)⑲proof [pruːf] n．证据；证明；检验prove v．证明；证明是⑳consequently adv.因此，所以㉑investigate v．调查；研究㉒particular adj.特定的；特别的㉓be determined to do sth.决心做某事㉔multiple ['mʌltɪpl] adj.数量多的；多种多样的multiply v．乘；增加；繁殖㉕water pump水泵pump [pʌmp] n．泵；抽水机；打气筒㉖household ['haʊshəʊld] n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人㉗suspect [sə'spekt] vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任['sʌspekt] n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspect...of...怀疑…… ㉘blame [bleɪm] vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责；过失be to blame for对……应负责任㉙what is more更重要的是；而且㉚as a result of由于(后跟原因)as a result结果(后跟结果)㉛accordingly adv.因此；相应地㉜handle ['hændl] n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)㉝intervention [ˌɪntə'venʃn] n．介入；出面；干涉㉞infect [ɪn'fekt] vt.使感染；传染infectious adj.传染性的；感染的(尤指通过呼吸)㉟link [lɪk] n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联a link between...and...……与……之间的联系be linked to与……连接；与……有关联，与……有联系㊱raw [rɔː] adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的raw material原材料㊲be likely to do sth.有可能做某事㊳pure [pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的pure water纯净水㊴tireless adj.不知疲倦的㊵substantial [səb'stænʃl] adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的㊶decrease ['diːkriːs] n．减少；降低；减少量[dɪ'kriːs] vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低on the decrease在减少，在降低㊷thanks to幸亏；由于㊸statistic [stə'tɪstɪk] n．[pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学㊹transform [træns'fɔːm] vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变transform...into...把……转变成……㊺epidemiology [ˌepɪˌdiːmi'ɒlədʒi] n．流行病学[原文呈现]JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①”Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome [1]. This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit⑦ Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated⑧ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera [2]. In time⑨， he rose⑩ to become a famous doctor, and even attended to⑪ Queen Victoria when she gave birth⑫. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑬.[1]此处是until引导的时间状语从句，其中how it could be overcome是包含在该从句中的宾语从句。[2]此处是because引导的原因状语从句，其中how to prevent or treat cholera是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语。In general⑭， doctors in those days had two contradictory⑮ theories to explain how cholera spread [3]. One theory was that bad air caused the disease [4]. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑯ from germs⑰ in food or water. Snow subscribed to⑱ the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof⑲. Consequently⑳， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854 [5], Snow began to investigate㉑. He discovered that in two particular㉒streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to㉓find out why.[3]此处是how引导的宾语从句。[4]此处是that引导的表语从句， that在从句中不作成分。[5]此处是when引导的时间状语从句。Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple㉔deaths near the water pump㉕in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households㉖(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected㉗that the water pump was to blame㉘ [6]. What is more㉙, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of㉚this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs [7]. Accordingly㉛, he had the handle㉜of the pump removed so that it could not be used [8]. Through this intervention㉝, the disease was stopped in its tracks.[6]此处是that引导的宾语从句。be to blame意为“负有责任”，不定式to blame用主动形式表示被动含义。[7]此处是that引导的宾语从句。[8]此处使用了“have sth.done”结构，意为“让/请人做某事；使某事/物被做”；so that引导目的状语从句。The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected㉞by waste [9]. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link㉟between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw㊱waste [10]. The people who drank this water [11] were much more likely to㊲get cholera than those who drank pure㊳or boiled water [12].[9]此处是that引导的表语从句。[10]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词water。[11]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词The people。[12]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词those。Through Snow's tireless㊴efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial㊵decrease㊶. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera [13], thanks to㊷the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics㊸, Snow transformed㊹the way scientists study diseases [14]. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology㊺.[13]此处是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作know的宾语。[14]此处是省略了引导词that/in which的定语从句，修饰the way。[课文翻译]约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。这种疾病可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，当霍乱爆发，肆虐欧洲时，数百万人死于这种疾病。由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时的医生通常有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发的这种疾病，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得非常严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。斯诺开始在地图上标出那些死去的人曾经居住过的地方的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，然而有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费的啤酒，因此他们没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿搬离宽街后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵抽上来的水，以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。因为这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这一干预，疾病的蔓延得以遏制。事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物感染了。此外，斯诺之后还证实了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水的人更有可能染上霍乱。经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始销售清洁用水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是一个问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，并且许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，在他使用地图和数据的过程中，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。出于这个原因，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。自查语基 落实基本知能Ⅰ.核心词汇根据语境写出正确的单词1．two ___________ theories 两个相互矛盾的理论2．an infection from ________ in food 由食物的细菌引起的感染3．need ________ 需要证据4．cause a ________ traffic accident 造成严重的交通事故5．many poor _________ 许多贫困家庭6．water ________ 水泵7．________ the evidence 怀疑这个证据contradictorygermsproofseverehouseholdspumpsuspect8．be to ________ 该受责备9．remove the ________ of the pump 拆掉水泵的手柄10．________ waste 未经处理的废物11．a ________ between smoking and lung cancer 吸烟和肺癌之间的联系12．a substantial ________ 大幅度减少13．scientific ________ 科学数据14．________ one's character 改变某人的性格15．________ to a magazine 订阅杂志16．________ him of theft 怀疑他有偷窃行为blamehandlerawlinkdecreasestatisticstransformsubscribesuspectⅡ.拓展词汇根据提示写出相应的单词1．________ [sɪ'vɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地2．________ [frʌ'streɪtɪd] adj.懊恼的，沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心→frustration n．挫折3．________ [ɪn'fekʃn] n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.传染性的；感染的(尤指通过呼吸)4．________ [pruːf] n．证据；证明；检验→prove v．证明；证明是severefrustratedinfectionproof5．________ ['mʌltɪpl] adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply v．乘；增加；繁殖6．__________ [ˌɪntə'venʃn] n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.介入；出面；插话7．________ [pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purify v．净化8．________ [træns'fɔːm] vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n．变化；转变；变换multipleinterventionpuretransform构词规律根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词1．-ion常用于动词之后构成名词。①infect v．→infection n．感染②select v．→________ n．挑选③elect v．→________ n．选举④collect v．→________ n．收集2．形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的；充满……的”①infect使感染；传染→infectious传染性的②humor幽默→humorous幽默的③courage勇气→courageous勇敢的④caution谨慎；小心→cautious谨慎的；小心的⑤continue继续→continuous持续的selectionelectioncollectionⅢ.重点短语1．________________ 幸亏；由于2．________________ 经过一段时间之后；迟早3．________________ 照顾；护理4．________________ 总的说来；从总体上看5．________________ 很可能做某事6．________________ 死于；因……而死thanks toin timeattend toin generalbe likely to do sth.die from7．________________ 因此，由于；作为……的结果8．________________ 开始做事；开始认真考虑某事9．________________ 最终地；彻底地10．________________ 同意；赞同11．________________ 生孩子12．________________ 孜孜不倦的努力13．________________ 成为一位著名的医生as a result ofget down toonce and for allsubscribe togive birthtireless effortsbecome a famous doctorⅣ.重点句型1．[句型]until引导的时间状语从句[教材]Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, ________ a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。2．[句型]“疑问词＋不定式”结构[教材]As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew ________________________．作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防和治疗霍乱。untilhow to prevent or treat cholera3．[句型]where引导的定语从句[教材]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places __________________________．斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经生活的精确地点。4．[句型]“It seemed that...”意为“好像……；似乎……”“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于 ……”引导结果状语从句___________ the woman liked the water from the pump ___________ she had it delivered to her house every day.这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵抽上来的水，以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。5．[句型]“have sth.done”意为“让/请人做某事；使某事被做”[教材]Accordingly, he _____________________________ so that it could not be used.于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。where all those who died had livedIt seemed thatso much thathad the handle of the pump removedⅤ.理清复杂句式1．[教材]Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.[分析]本句是一个复合句。until前面的句子是主句， until引导的是________从句； a British doctor与John Snow是________关系，是从句的主语，从句谓语showed后面是how引导的________从句。[翻译]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________时间状语同位语宾语 霍乱曾经是世界上最为可怕的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。2．[教材]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.[分析]本句是一个复合句。主句是“It seemed...”， that引导________从句， so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导________从句，含有“have sb./sth.＋done”结构，表示“________________”。[翻译]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________表语结果状语让某人/某物被…… 这个女人似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人把水送到她家。3．[教材]Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.[分析]本句是一个由and连接的________句，在第二个简单句中the threat of cholera around the world作主语， saw是谓语，表“___________”，可以理解为一种拟人的修辞手法，使表达既简练又生动。[翻译]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________并列经历；目睹 经过斯诺不懈的努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度减少。课堂提升素养1(教材P2)Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。◎句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句(1)若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。(2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。(3)强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。[佳句] We kept fighting with the fierce bear until some kind people rushed to help us handle the animal.我们继续和这只凶猛的熊搏斗，直到一些善良的人冲过来帮我们对付这只动物。(读后续写之动作描写)[练通]——单句语法填空①[2022·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]The voice became louder and louder ________ David dragged his leg, passing the terminal.②It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing ________ I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall.untilthat[写美]——一句多译直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)③____________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装)④_________________________________ I was aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句型)Not until I experienced the accident was I aware thatIt was not until I experienced the accident that2(教材P2)As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。◎frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的(1)feel frustrated at/with 对……感到沮丧/懊恼(2)frustrate vt. 使懊丧；使懊恼；挫败；阻止；防止frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 (常形容事物)frustration n. [U]懊丧；沮丧；挫败[佳句] Disappointed and frustrated, the poor man made his way back to his family.感到失望和沮丧，这个可怜的人回到了他的家。[练通]——单句语法填空①Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and __________ (frustrate) experience.②When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and ________ (frustrate)．[写美]——应用文佳句③令他懊恼的是， 他的儿子感染了流感病毒。____________________ was that his son was infected with the flu virus.frustratingfrustratedWhat made him frustrated3(教材P2)Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种看法。◎subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)subscribe to 同意；赞同；订购；捐赠subscribe...to... 在……上签署……；向……捐赠……[佳句] All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect. (应用文之人际关系)我们所有人都赞成这个观点，好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。[练通]——猜测下列加黑词的含义①[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ读后续写]Bernard excitedly subscribed to my idea of making popcorn to earn some money.____________②It was the outstanding astronomer who always subscribed to our school, to which we were sincerely grateful.____________③To broaden our horizons and enrich our school life, we students willingly subscribe to China Daily.____________赞成；同意捐助订阅4(教材P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。◎suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象(1)suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是…… suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事(2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯[佳句] [2020·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写]At first, Bernard suspected that he couldn't sell his popcorn as planned.起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能像计划的那样卖爆米花。[练通]——单句语法填空①________ (suspect) of damaging this cultural heritage, he was arrested by the police.②Two ________ (suspect) in connection with the case are now being questioned.[写美]——一句多译[2020·全国卷Ⅰ应用文]我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现自己的梦想。③The person I respect most is my English teacher, who _____________ _______________________. (suspect that...)④The person I respect most is my English teacher, who _______________________________. (suspect sb.of...)Suspectedsuspectsnever suspectsthat we can achieve our dreamsnever suspects us of achieving our dreams◎blame vt.把……归咎于；责备；指责 n．责备；指责；过失(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人 blame sth. on... 把某事归咎于…… be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任(2)take the blame for 对……承担责任 put/lay/place the blame for sth. on... 把某事归咎于……[佳句] So instead of blaming others, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(应用文之建议信)[练通]——单句语法填空⑤There is no doubt that the terrible earthquake was ________ (blame) for such severe ruins.⑥The boss didn't blame his assistant ________ the mistake，which was beyond expectations.＝The boss didn't blame the mistake ________ his assistant, which was beyond expectations.[写美]——句式升级⑦Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.→_____________________________________________ , Alice was in low spirits. (分词作状语)[温馨提示] 在be to blame (for sth.)短语中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。to blameforonBlamed for the breakdown of the school computer network [佳句] He was so frightened that he stood rooted to the spot.＝So frightened was he that he stood rooted to the spot.他是如此害怕，以至于他站在那里一动不动。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)[练通]——单句语法填空①The brilliant boy made ________ great progress that the teacher praised him.②My uncle is ________ generous a person that he was highly thought of by the people around.＝My uncle is ________ a generous person that he was highly thought of by the people around.suchsosuch[写美]——一句多译他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)③He was ____________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.④_________________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(倒装句)so nervous thatSo nervous was he that6(教材P2)Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。◎句型公式：“have sth.done”意为“让/请人做某事；使某事被做”(1)have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事(2)have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can't/couldn't have sb. doing sth. 不能容忍某人做某事(3)have sth. to do 有某事要做[佳句] If we take a positive attitude and keep on trying, we can have our goals achieved in the end.如果我们采取积极的态度并不断努力，我们最终会实现我们的目标。[练通]——单句语法填空①We began to help pick peaches and then had them ________ (deliver) to the farmers' houses.②Last Sunday our school had us ________ (take) part in a five-kilometer cross-country running race to build up our body.③We can't have him ________ (get) away with cheating in the exam; otherwise, he won't shoulder the blame.[写美]——应用文之道歉信④我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。I am terribly sorry for ______________________________， because ________________________ just now.deliveredtakegettinghaving you waiting for me for so longI had an urgent thing to attend to7(教材P3)Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.此外，斯诺之后还证实了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的饮用水公司有关。◎link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联(1)link...to/with... 把……与……连接/联系起来be linked to/with 与……有联系/关系(2)a link between...and... ……与……之间的关系/联系[佳句] In my opinion, there is a close link between teachers and students.在我看来，师生之间有着密切的关系。[练通]——单句语法填空①We should link theory ________ practice when working.②Your innovations should ________ (link) to our school life and be able to make our life better and more convenient.[写美]——应用文之健康生活③健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。Health problems ________________ bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.[温馨提示] 表示“将……和……连接起来”的短语还有connect...with/to...、 join...to...等。withbe linkedare closely linked to8(教材P3)Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始销售清洁用水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅降低。◎decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(1)on the decrease/increase 正在减少/增加(2)decrease in... 在……方面减少decrease to... 减少到……decrease by... 减少了……[佳句] The number of new students has decreased from 2，000 to 1，600 in recent two years.近两年新生人数从2 000减少到1 600人。[练通]——单句语法填空①__________ (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.②Over the past decades, sea ice has been ________ the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming.[写美]——一句多译由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。③Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ________________．④Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ____________．To decreaseonis on the decreaseis decreasing9(教材P3)Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。◎thanks to幸亏；由于表示“由于”的其他常见表达：because of (常作状语)due to (常作状语和表语，作状语时一般不放在句首)owing to (常作状语和表语)on account of (常作状语，位置可前可后)[佳句] It was thanks to your guidance that I won the first place in the contest.多亏您的指导，我在比赛中获得了第一名。 [练通]——单句语法填空①The coast road is closed due ________ bad weather.②The President declined to deliver the speech himself, ________ account of a sore throat.[写美]——补全句子③I hold the strong belief that your current success is ___________________________________ (因为你的努力工作和不知疲倦的努力)．④____________________ (多亏了移动图书馆), these people can still borrow books.toondue to/owing to your hard work and tireless effortsThanks to mobile libraries10(教材P3)Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，在他使用地图和数据的过程中，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。◎transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变(1)transform...into... 使……转变成……transform into... 转化成……；改造为……be transformed from...into... 由……变成……(2)transformation n. 变化，转变；改观[佳句] There is no doubt that success and wealth transformed his character.毫无疑问，成功和财富改变了他的性格。[练通]——单句语法填空①Life in Britain _____________ (transform) by the appearance of the steam engine in the past.②The past ten years has witnessed a great ____________ (transform) of my hometown.[写美]——应用文之感谢信③你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。Your generous help and kindness ____________________________ an unforgettable memory.was transformedtransformationtransformed my first Canada trip into
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