2023北京西城高一（上）期末英语（不含听力）

II.完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 22.5 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Nixon, 59 years old, was born and grew up in St. Petersburg. Each morning, he sits on a bench, watches the sunrise, and connects with___1___from all walks of life. Eight years ago, he decided to begin each day from a bench with an impressive view of the St. Petersburg waterfront (圣彼得堡海滨), because it made him feel calm and___2___before starting his day. About a year later, a woman stopped to say hello, and she said something that___3___Nixon’s view on his daily visit. She said, “Every morning when I see you sitting here, I know everything is going to be OK.” That’s when Nixon___4___he needed to pay attention to the people walking past. Instead of staring straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started___5___at people and talking to them. And pretty soon, some early risers began___6___him on the bench, sometimes sharing their pressure and asking him for advice about personal problems. No matter what problem a person wants to___7___, Nixon lends an ear. One day, a couple came by to talk about their problems. The husband was always working. It was ruining their___8___. Nixon told him, “You have to know what’s really important.” The man admitted he’d put everything he had into his___9___for many years instead of focusing on his family. “He started to cry and agreed that he needed to____10____,” Nixon says, “We hugged each other and became friends after that.” Nixon was always happy to listen, and he listens without____11____and without any kind of return expected. “You have to listen with an open heart, because you never know who’s going to walk up,” Nixon says. He is a loving and loyal____12____to many. For those who walked past the bench, they were always____13____with a smile and asked how they were doing. No topic is off limits, but some people don’t want to talk. They simply want to sit next to someone and share the ____14____. Once a woman stopped and just sat with Nixon for an hour; then she said thanks and walked away. She just wanted a moment of peace and to know she wasn’t____15____. And at that moment, she truly wasn’t. 1. A. teenagers B. relatives C. strangers D. neighbors 2. A. peaceful B. excited C. proud D. surprised 3. A. formed B. changed C. developed D. supported 4. A. agreed B. realized C. imagined D. remembered 5. A. pointing B. laughing C. shouting D. smiling 6. A. joining B. noticing C. leaving D. praising 7. A. air B. face C. hear D. create 8. A. fame B. success C. marriage D. privacy 9. A. health B. hobbies C. kids D. job 10. A. give up B. calm down C. speak up D. slow down 11. A. emotion B. consideration C. judgment D. interest 12. A. guide B. teacher C. friend D. workmate 13. A. hugged B. greeted C. competed D. satisfied 14. A. secrets B. worries C. happiness D. silence 15. A. sad B. alone C. stressed D. hopeless III.阅读理解(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，共 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Recreational Sports Membership Ohio State University has some of the best recreation facilities (设施) in the country. Our Recreation and Physical Activity Center (RPAC) has opened in the past 10 years, whose facilities and programs are designed to fit all your needs and schedule. RPAC Membership Rights A membership is your ticket to take advantage of all the facilities and programs. Classes and programs Group fitness, sport clubs and outdoor adventure programs are only available to current RPAC members. You can attend unlimited free group fitness classes as part of your membership. An extra payment will be required if you prefer personal training classes. Guests and Family Participation Members may sponsor up to two guests during a visit. A daily guest pass is required for each guest to enter RPAC, and members must be present at the time of buying a pass. The pass is accepted at all facilities for unlimited re-entries in a one-day period. RPAC aims to offer a family-friendly environment. Members are able to enjoy quality time with their families free of charge in a variety of family-friendly accommodations including family changing rooms, the Lounge game room, and Leisure pool. Locker and Towel Rental RPAC offers full-service men’s and women’s locker rooms featuring large and medium size lockers, which can be rented either monthly or yearly. RPAC towel service is available in addition to day lockers at various locations throughout the facility. RPAC Membership Responsibilities In an effort to create a welcoming and safe environment for all members, you have the responsibility to follow the following policies: Filming and photography in the facilities must be approved in advance. Cell phone photography and video are not permitted in locker rooms. Fighting and rough play are not permitted in all facilities. Shoes are required in all public areas of all indoor facilities, except for locker rooms and swimming pools. All equipment checked-out from RPAC must be returned at the required check-in time You may be charged for the equipment returned late or damaged. Please contact member services if you have any other questions about your RPAC membership. 16. What can a RPAC member do for free? A. Enjoy family time in Leisure pool. B. Attend personal training classes. C. Use a locker for a whole year. D. Take a guest to all facilities. 17. Which is one of the member’s responsibilities? A. Wearing shoes in all public areas. B. No cell phone use in locker rooms. C. No filming and photography in all areas. D. Returning checked-out equipment on time. 18. The passage is probably taken from ______. A. a university website B. a research paper C. a science magazine D. a government report B A child science genius(天才)has wowed his professors and classmates by becoming a college graduate at the age of 13. Elliott Tanner recently graduated from the University of Minnesota with a bachelor’s (学士) degree in physics, with a minor in mathematics. Elliott’s parents are very proud of the hard work and devotion he showed to get his degree at such a young age and are pleased that he has become an inspiration to lots of people. Elliott’s mom said, “He also inspires us to be better people every day.” Elliott’s parents first realized their son was gifted at the age 3, when he displayed amazing language and math skills. It became clear that a traditional education experience would not be a good fit for him. Elliott was then homeschooled by his parents. “Elliott ended up learning and using information quicker than we could provide it,” his mother added. By age 9, Elliott had already completed most of the normal high school courses, and his parents were struggling to keep up with him. So they sent him to the local community college, where Elliott really developed his passion (热爱) for physics. “For a long time, I wanted to be a mathematician,” Elliott said. “Then I was introduced to a physics class, and that really inspired me to learn more about the secrets of the world.” When he was 11 years old, Elliott moved to the University of Minnesota to start studying physics and math. Although his college experience is a little different from that of his classmates, Elliott still hangs out with his peers in the student lounge, discussing homework, debating physics topics or watching movies. Being with people that are just as passionate about physics as he is has been pleasing enough for him. One of the biggest challenges Elliott and his family have faced is criticism online from people who make judgments about what his life must be like. Many people believe he can’t have many social skills. However, Elliott has always enjoyed interacting with kids his own age. He loves playing with other neighborhood children, and just like the other kids, Elliott goes trick-or-treating on Halloween, but in an academic way: He dresses up as Albert Einstein, his favorite scientist. Elliott has been accepted into the University of Minnesota’s PhD program and will start his study next year. In the future Elliott aims to be a professor at the University of Minnesota and become an expert in physics. “I can’t wait to get started,” he said. 19. What did Elliott’s parents do when they realized he was gifted? A. They sent him to a normal high school. B. They asked for advice from universities. C. They taught him by themselves at home. D. They helped him fit into traditional education. 20. When Elliott moved to the University of Minnesota, he ______. A. discovered his passion for physics B. enjoyed staying with his classmates C. dressed up as Albert Einstein in class D. refused to play with kids his own age 21. What can we learn from the passage? A. Elliott has few social skills. B. Elliott loves exploring the world. C. Elliott has no talent for language. D. Elliott hopes to be a mathematician. 22. From Elliott’s story, we know that ______. A. physics is the most important subject B. children should be educated at home C. geniuses need support just as we do D. the earlier kids start school, the better C If you’re tired of your phone, you’re not alone. People receive between around 60 and 80 daily notifications (通知) on average, and some of us may get as many as 200. These seemingly endless dings and buzzes can really affect our wellbeing. Research has linked them to depression and anxiety, and they may even cause problems associated with ADHD (多动症). These outcomes may result from the fact that frequent phone interruptions increase our cognitive load (认知负荷), or the amount of information processed by the working memory. We only have so much mental capacity, and the extra effort it takes to switch between tasks can make us tired, less focused and disrupt (扰乱) emotional regulation. Additionally, in this state, we even experience a less accurate perception of time—we feel time is passing faster than in reality, which would eventually lead us to overlook results and cause hurried decisions, for example, buying a pricey dress without thinking it through. With the fact that cell phone notifications can mess with our brains, scientists have sought out ways to counteract these effects. One possible solution: Scheduling notifications into batches (批次) that arrive at certain times of the day with the help of certain apps. For example, you could choose to keep things quiet except for at 7 am, noon and 5 pm to go with waking up, taking a lunch break and heading home from school. In a 2019 study, researchers assigned 237 participants (参与者) into three groups, including those who received all their notifications three times a day, hourly, or none at all. The three-times-a-day group said they felt more productive, attentive, in a better mood and in greater control of their phones than the other two groups, while the notification-free group experienced more anxiety and fear of missing out. Besides, some researchers have argued that more personalized user design is possible. Developers should pay attention to how people interact with their devices. With the help of a machine learning model, our phone can automatically learn from our past behavior what types of notification we want to receive first, such as messages from relatives. Thus, certain notifications can be delivered at suitable times. This highly individualized method could be beneficial, but more individuality means more phone monitoring, which introduces yet another problem: In the struggle to free ourselves from tech addiction, it isn’t clear whether more monitoring is the solution, or just adding more fuel to the fire. 23. What is the possible result of frequent phone notifications? A. The working memory processes less information. B. Time passes faster than what we are usually used to. C. We tend to have distraction and emotional disruptions. D. We weigh the possible results before making decisions. 24. What do we know about the 2019 study? A. The study lasted three years. B. The comparative method was used. C. The none-at-all group felt more productive. D. Participants were addicted to their mobile phones. 25. What can we learn from the passage? A. Depression and anxiety lead us to rely on our phones. B. Adding extra phone monitoring can free us from tech addiction. C. The fewer phone notifications received, the better we control our phones. D. Personalized user design helps phones decide what notifications come first. 26. What is the purpose of writing this passage? A. To warn us against the phone overuse. B. To draw our attention to the problems of ADHD. C. To stress the importance of controlling our phones. D. To discuss ways to handle frequent phone notifications. D Students meet at the university campus for classes during their 20s. This classical model of time, action and place has traditionally produced famous universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalization of society—which allows everybody who is connected to the Internet to access learning—and by the need to acquire skills in step with fast development of technology. Universities must realize that learning in the 20s won’t be enough. By teaching foundational knowledge and up-to-date skills, universities need to provide students with the future-proof skills of lifelong learning, not just get them ‘job-ready’. Some universities already play an important role in lifelong learning as they want to keep the value of their diplomas (文凭). This new role comes with a huge set of challenges and needs largely to be invented. One way to start this transformation process could be to go beyond the ‘diploma model’ to adapt university education to lifelong learning. We call this model the lifelong learning passport. The Bachelor’s degree could be students’ passport to lifelong learning. For the first few years students would ‘learn to learn’ and get endowed with reasoning skills that remain with them for the rest of their lives. For instance, physics allows students to observe and integrate (融合) observations into models and, sometimes, models into theories or laws that can be used to make predictions. Mathematics is the language used to develop the laws of physics or economy. These two subjects naturally form the basic pillars (支柱) of education in technical universities. Recent advances in computational methods and data science push us into rethinking science and engineering. Computers increasingly become the most important actors in processing data and formulating questions, which requires completely new ways of reasoning. Therefore, a new subject integrating computer science, programming, statistics and machine learning should be added to the traditional foundational topics of mathematics and physics. These three pillars would allow you to keep learning technical subjects all your life. According to this new model, the Master of Science (MSc) would become the first stamp in the lifelong learning journey. The new MSc diploma becomes a set of accomplished projects and a list of technical skills. It is open-ended and must be updated throughout life, as technologies and their applications change faster than ever. Universities have a fundamental role to play in this journey, and higher education is in for a change. The old university model produced talent and value for society. We are not supporting its abolition (废除) but rather calling for the adaptation of its characteristics to meet the needs of today. 27. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A. Technological development challenges the university model. B. The classical model serves famous universities well. C. Students don’t meet at campus due to digitalization. D. Universities continue to improve worker skills. 28. What can be learnt from the passage? A. The students get a lifelong passport with a Bachelor’s degree. B The three pillars help with continuous learning in technology. C. Physics and mathematics are enough for learning technology. D. MSc programmes are the most important for lifelong learning. 29. What does the underlined phrase “get endowed with” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Be concerned with. B. Make room for. C. Be equipped with. D. Make preparations for. 30. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Changes to university projects B. Importance of Lifelong Learning C. Development of Further Education D. Necessity to Adapt University Model 第Ⅱ卷(共 65 分) Ⅰ.选词填空(共 7 小题;每小题 2 分，共 14 分) 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。 31. She told me to be ______ and look on the bright side. 32. Growing up in a big city, he found living in the village was ______. 33. The music festival is held ______ in Shanghai. I go there to enjoy music every year. 34. There are many ______ of doing sports. For example, it can reduce stress. 35. The accident was due to ______ driving. 36. Listening to music ______ us to feel relaxed. 37. You should not take advantage of his ______ by demanding too much. II.语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 在未给提示词的空白处填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 38. Tony ______ (travel) to the village school with an eager heart in 2010. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39. Is it possible that human workers ______ (replace) by robots in the near future? (所给词的适当形式填空) 40. As a tradition, all the family members gather together ______ (celebrate) the Mid-Autumn Festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41. The park ______is in the center of town has beautiful, big trees. （用适当的单词填空） 42. Last year, hundreds of companies ______ (attract) to the International Import Expo. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43. This project can offer valuable help to students ______ have difficulties in getting certain knowledge. (用适当的词填空) 44. Although they were ______ (disappoint) at the result of the game, they knew the experience was worth more than any prize. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45. If you’d like some inspiration, we have a lot of speakers ______ lectures can give you some awesome ideas. (用适当的词填空) 46. Scientists all over the world are seeking a good way ______ (prevent) depression. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47. Before moving to London, I thought city life must be ______ (excite) and full of surprises. (所给词的适当形式填空) III.完成句子(共 5 小题; 第 63、64 题每题 2 分, 第 65、66、67 题每题 3 分,共 13 分) 根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。 48. 他们在湖边搭起了一个帐篷。(put up) (汉译英) 49. 我将努力准时到达。(make an effort) (汉译英) 50. 我们要关注自己身边发生的变化。(focus on) (汉译英) 51. 一进博物馆，那漂亮的海报就吸引了我的目光。(catch one’s eye) (汉译英) 52. 如果你对这个活动感兴趣，请下周一之前来报名。(sign up) (汉译英) IV.阅读表达(共 4 小题; 每小题 2 分, 共 8 分) 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。 I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible. Take going to the toilet in a restaurant, for example. I can find my way there easily enough because there are signs pointing me in the right direction. But getting back to my table is another story. After all, there are no helpful signs saying, “This is where you were sitting less than five minutes ago”. However, rather than accept the situation of myself frequently walking into cupboards and backtracking down dead ends, I’m determined to give my sense of direction a much-needed improvement. Nowadays, of course, it’s easy to rely on GPS (全球卫星定位系统)to find your way. But if you really want to improve your sense of direction, it’s a good idea to count on yourself. Studying a map and memorizing the way before you set out does have its benefits—not least because the amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at electronic maps on a big screen—or even studying a paper map—also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together. Paying full attention is key, too. It’s important to notice what’s around you—in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you’re on the return journey—even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. Try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. It’s all too easy to be anxious and afraid if you imagine you may be lost—but this sudden feeling of anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. Finally, your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the ways you already know, it’s never going to get any better. So now’s the time to start exploring! 53. Why is the writer interested in the topic of how to improve your sense of direction? (不多于9个单词) _________________________________________________________________ 54. When is it particularly useful to notice what’s around you? (不多于6个单词) _________________________________________________________________ 55. What is the benefit of getting lost? (不多于12个单词) _________________________________________________________________ 56. Nowadays people are increasingly relying on GPS to find their way. What do you think of that? (单词数不限) _________________________________________________________________ V.书面表达(20分) 57. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他们学校的国际文化周要开始了，他们班将要举办一次中国文化展。因此，他向你询求建议，请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐展示的内容及形式； 2. 陈述推荐理由。 注意：1.词数不少于 50； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Huaable, care, cheer, annual, challenge, benefit, kind