高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters教学设计及反思

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters教学设计及反思，共5页。教案主要包含了关系代词的基本用法，用that不用which的情况，用which不用that的情况，使用定语从句的注意事项等内容，欢迎下载使用。

wh(whm)，which，that，whse引导的定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。
从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，wh，whm，whse等；关系副词有when，where，why。
一、关系代词的基本用法
1．wh指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The man wh is talking with my father is a teacher.
正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。
The girl (wh) I met yesterday was his sister.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
2．whm指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。
The by(whm)the teacher ften praises is their mnitr.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
注意：(1)关系代词whm在口语或非正式文体中常可用wh来代替。
The by(wh/whm/that)we saw yesterday was Jhn's brther.
昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whm，不用wh。
He is a man frm whm we are all ready t learn.
他是我们大家都愿意学习的人。
[即时演练1]用关系代词填空
①D yu knw the man wh is talking with yur mther?
②Thse wh want t see the film set dwn yur names，please.
③This is the persn wh/whm yu shuld thank fr helping yur sn.
3．which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a histry f 2,000 years.
桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。
The yung man was very happy t get back the gld ring(which) he had lst n the train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
4．whse既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从句中作定语。
This is the scientist whse name is knwn all ver the cuntry.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nbdy wants the huse whse rf has fallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
5．that指人时，相当于wh或whm；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The wman(that)I read abut in the newspaper has just wn a gld medal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
The reprt(that)Mr.Turner handed in was abut the mtr race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
[即时演练2]用关系代词填空
①Lk，here are sme peple wh/whm/that I want yu t meet.
②Any student whse family is t pr t g t schl can get help frm the gvernment.
二、用that不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all，everything，nthing，anything，little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be dne has been dne.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the mst delicius fd that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
3．当先行词被the nly，the very，the last修饰时。
Chatting was the nly thing that interested her mst.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
She tk phtgraphs f the things and peple that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5．当主语是以wh或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is n lnger the city that it used t be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
[即时演练3]完成句子
①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
This is the mst beautiful park that I have visited.
②我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
We ften talk abut the persns and things that we remember.
③我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
I have fund the pen that I lst yesterday.
三、用which不用that的情况
1．在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the rm in which he lives.
这是他住的房间。
2．引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tm came back，which made us very happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3．在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。
Let me shw yu the nvel that I brrwed frm the library which was newly pen.
让我给你看这本新开的图书馆里借来的小说。
[即时演练4]用关系代词填空
①The huse in which I used t live has becme a she shp.
②Have yu ever read the bk，which was written by a yung girl?
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“ne f＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the nly ne f＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is ne f the bks which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查理斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the nly ne f the bys in ur class wh has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He said he was a Frenchman，which was nt true.
他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。
2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factry which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
3．关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
[即时演练5]单句语法填空
①All things that can be dne has (have) been dne.
②The student yu shuld learn frm is the ne wh wrks hard and studies hard.
③He is ne f the students wh knw Spanish.
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
1．The by wh/that brke the windw is called Tm.
2．The mst interesting bk that I have ever read is Othell.
3．D yu knw the lady whm/wh ur English teacher is talking with under the big tree?
4．They talked abut their classmates and things that they still remember in middle schl.
5．The mst imprtant thing that we shuld cnsider is the first idea that he has mentined in his speech.
6．My eldest sn，whse wrk takes him all ver the wrld，is in New Yrk at the mment.
7．D yu still remember the chicken farm that/which/不填 we visited three mnths ag?
8．Wmen wh drink mre than tw cups f cffee a day have a greater chance f having heart disease than thse wh dn't.
9．This is the building whse windws were all painted green.
10．That is ne f the mst interesting bks that are sld in the bkshp.
Ⅱ.完成句子(使用定语从句)
1．This girl is familiar t me；maybe she is the girl (wh/whm/that) I met in the street (我在大街上见到的)yesterday.
2．This is the plan fr the hlidays that was suggested by his brther(由他哥哥建议的)．
3．Thse wh bring us happiness (带给我们快乐的)shuld be lved.
4．This is ne f the mst interesting films that were shwn last week(上周放映的)．
5．She thught highly f the way (that/in which)we treated the difficulty(我们对待困难)．
6．I wish t thank Prfessr Smith，withut whse help(没有他的帮助)I wuld never have gt this far.
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1. There were deep cracks that/ which appeared in the well walls.
2.Tw thirds f the peple wh lived there were dead r injured.
3.The number f peple wh were killed r badly injured in the quake was mre than 400,000.
4.Sn after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.
5.Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed.
6.A dctr with whm James used t wrk died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuadr.
7.Mr Li is an architect whse designs fr the new twn f Wenchuan have wn praise.
8.The supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry.
1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词wh，在定语从句中作主语。
2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/ that，在定语从句中作主语。
3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whm，在定语从句中作宾语。关系代词wh/whm常用来指代人；关系代词that/which常用来指代物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。
4.第5、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whse，在定语从句中作定语，它既可以指人也可以指物。