英语必修 第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others课时训练

素养培优练（一）

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

[2023·江苏扬州中学期中]

Friendship is something that everyone needs. Success is nothing without friends. You share life, happiness and sadness. A friend is someone you can depend on in a time of need and that can trust you with every secret he or she has.

So, what happens when a friendship of eight years is broken over something out of their control? Does that mean it was never a true friendship to begin with?

My friend and I met in high school and have known each other for nearly eight years. What happened recently broke our lifelong friendship.

This makes me think about what friendship really means. I always thought my friend and I could get through any argument, fight, or the sadness of life. We promised each other we'd always be friends, through thick and thin. We even joked about how we would sit in a circle and laugh at some jokes when we had grandchildren. We always laughed at every little thing.

But then her grandfather passed away and suddenly our friendship was nothing. It happened so suddenly that I never found out about it until I discovered a note she had written on the Internet. I was sad and hurt that she would post what I told her for other people to see. I understand that she was sad and wanted to vent（发泄） her sadness, but I wish she'd kept everything between us.

I don't understand why she broke our friendship, and I don't think I ever will. I think friendship means we'll always forgive each other for our mistakes. I hope that finally I'll find that true friend who will always be there for me, and I there for her.

1. What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?

A. How to make friends. B. The importance of success.

C. What to share with friends. D. The importance of friendship.

2. What broke the author's friendship with her friend?

A. The Internet. B. The death of her friend's grandfather.

C. Something unhappy between them. D. Their jokes.

3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. A true friendship. B. An unsuccessful friend.

C. The author's idea of friendship. D. Sharing success with friends.

B

A child's world is the world of playing. They love being outside in the open air, running after each other, and swinging on the playground equipment.

But children at St James Children's School also add to that fun by watching worms and picking up trash（垃圾） in the schoolyard. Inside, they learn to save water and electricity. They also recycle and reuse useful things. And every spring they get the soil ready to plant flowers and vegetables in the school's garden.

Rebecca Boker teaches the children the importance of taking care of the Earth. “If children learn it early on, it will become part of their daily lives. It should be something that everyone does,” says Boker. “Every day at St James is Earth Day. Most books in the classrooms and the library contain materials that encourage children to do something to protect the environment and the Earth. ”

“This is their home. You are visitors in their home. So it is your job to respect their home just like you want others to respect your home and treat your home nicely. ”

At St James, children observe the growth of plants from seeds to flowers in cups kept in the classroom. Then they watch the plants grow after placing them in the garden. The students also observe the life of butterflies and other insects and learn about rain and sea life.

St James also has a special rain garden where many recycled materials are used. For example, there are rugs（小地毯） made of recycled tires in all the classrooms.

But do these very young children really get the message that their teachers try to express? Ms Boker says yes.

“Oh they do. They totally understand. ”

4. What's special about St James Children's School?

A. Children have most of their classes in the open air.

B. Its classrooms are all built with recycled materials.

C. It requires children to show respect for visitors.

D. It teaches children to protect the Earth in their daily lives.

5. What may Ms Boker agree with?

A. It's the duty of children to keep school clean.

B. It takes time for children to get their teachers' message.

C. It's easier for kids to form good habits at a young age.

D. It's the job of parents to teach kids how to recycle.

6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. The knowledge about flowers.

B. The knowledge about vegetables.

C. The importance of protecting the Earth.

D. The importance of taking care of themselves.

7. When is the article most probably written?

A. On Teachers' Day. B. On Earth Day.

C. On Children's Day. D. On New Year's Day.

Ⅱ. 七选五

You will have an opportunity to meet your new neighbors after you move into the neighborhood. And getting to know your neighbors will help you feel like you're at home and settle into your new space.     1   

Careful observation.     2     Note those who seem to have kids, those who are elderly, those who seem to be always in the garden, or even those who only seem to come out at night. If you can find some common interest, this will make it much easier to approach the person.

    3     A great way to meet your new neighbors is to spend time outdoors, in your garden or by taking a walk around the block. You'll be surprised how easy it is to meet people when they approach you first. Make sure you spend time outside after work hours or on weekends.

What if you have nothing in common?No problem. There's absolutely nothing wrong with just walking up to the door,  and introducing yourself or inviting them to a small get-together. Let them know you just moved in and where you moved from. If that still feels uncomfortable, then ask about garbage pick-up or recycling centers in the neighborhood. Remember that you live on the same street, in the same neighborhood.     4   

Host a get-together. Though it might be the last thing you want to do while you're still unpacking, hosting a casual get-together is a great way to meet your neighbors all at the same time.     5     Ask people to bring snacks or drinks or chairs or all three. Everyone knows you've just moved in and don't expect much, plus they'll want to help out.

A. Meet neighbors outdoors.

B. Spend more time walking.

C. Check out your neighborhood.

D. If the weather is nice, host it outside.

E. That's enough to start any conversation.

F. If they're interested, they'll say so or even invite you in.

G. The following suggestions do necessarily make it easier to do.

Ⅲ. 完形填空

[2023·广东东莞联考]I wasn't the most popular kid in my freshman year—I mostly kept myself buried in a book alone. Ashley was very     1     from me. She was outspoken and fashionable. So you can     2     how surprising when we became friends! During that summer, we     3     and did everything together!

I looked up to Ashley, and wanted to be all of her. I even tailored my next-year     4     to her interests. Later, Ashley introduced me to her group of friends. I would     5     them around.

One day, arriving earlier at the classroom, I overheard what they were talking about. “She's such a（n）     6    ,” one girl said. “She just follows you, but doesn't have a     7     of her own. ” This was the first time I had felt     8    . My eyes began to well with tears and my hands were     9    . I couldn't stay there anymore.

I ran home and told my mother. The advice she gave was so     10    , “Just be yourself and people will     11     you for who you are. ” It sounded so profound and I decided I was going to     12     myself. Over the next month, I went through a lot of     13    . I bought new clothes I wanted to wear.     14     I began making new friends. I never just followed the crowd.

When I look back, I think of it as the year I grew up. Despite the pain I felt, it was a     15     they had given me.

1.

A. free B. absent C. different D. tired

2.

A. memorize B. imagine C. observe D. refuse

3.

A. hung out B. turned up C. showed off D. broke down

4.

A. position B. research C. admission D. schedule

5.

A. follow B. compare C. guide D. settle

6.

A. hero B. enemy C. actress D. loser

7.

A. determination B. personality C. competition D. presentation

8.

A. nervous B. desperate C. heartbroken D. touched

9.

A. shaking B. fighting C. spreading D. waving

10.

A. formal B. simple C. modest D. serious

11.

A. select B. praise C. like D. thank

12.

A. convince B. control C. discover D. forgive

13.

A. changes B. adventures C. hardships D. options

14.

A. Obviously B. Originally C. Regularly D. Gradually

15.

A. truth B. gift C. promise D. chance

素养培优练（一）

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

1. D

[解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句可知，第一段讲述的是友谊的重要性。

2. C

[解析]细节理解题。根据第五段前三句可知，作者和朋友之间发生的一些不愉快的事情破坏了他们的友谊。

3. C

[解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段第一、二句以及全文可知，作者以自己的亲身经历为例，阐述了自己对友谊的看法。因此，本文主要讲述作者的“友谊观”。

【语篇导读】作者以自己的亲身经历为例，阐述了自己对友谊的看法。

4. D

[解析]细节理解题。根据第二、三段，特别是第三段最后一句可知，这所学校注重在日常生活中培养孩子们的环保意识。

5. C

[解析]细节理解题。联系第三段前两句可知，Ms Boker的观点是，孩子们在年幼时更容易养成良好的生活习惯。

6. C

[解析]词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，Ms Boker认为如果孩子在早期就明白保护地球的重要性，那么保护地球将成为他们生活中的一部分。it指“保护地球的重要性”。

7. B

[解析]推理判断题。本文涉及保护地球，再结合第三段中的“Every day at St James is Earth Day. ”可推知，本文最可能写于地球日。

【语篇导读】美国圣詹姆斯学校在对孩子们的教育中积极融入环保理念，使孩子们在快乐生活的同时，养成环保、节约的良好习惯。

Ⅱ. 七选五

1. G

[解析]根据上句可知，了解你的邻居将帮助你感觉自在，适应你的新环境。说明了解周围住的人很重要。那么怎样了解呢?由此可知空格处将提出建议。G项 （以下的建议将使你很快适应新环境）符合语境。

2. C

[解析]根据下句可知，记下哪些人看起来有孩子，哪些是年长的人，哪些常去花园，甚至哪些人看起来仅仅在晚上出去。说明要观察了解周围邻居的基本情况。因此C项（核实你的邻居情况）符合语境。

3. A

[解析]根据下句可知，去见你的新邻居的一个好办法是在户外、在你们的花园消磨时间，或者绕着楼散步。说明要走出去才能接触到更多的邻居。A项（在户外见邻居）符合语境。

4. E

[解析]根据上文可知，如果主动介绍自己让你感觉不舒服，那么你可以问小区里的垃圾回收点在哪里。记着你们住在同一条街道，同一个小区。说明住在同一个小区，你和他们多一点交流是很自然的，不要感觉有什么不舒适的。因此E项（这足以开始任何交流）符合语境。

5. D

[解析]根据上句可知，举行一个随意的聚会是认识结交邻居的好办法。说明利用聚会可以增进了解，结交邻居。因此D项（如果天气好的话，在户外举行聚会）符合语境。

【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了与邻居友好相处的几点建议。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

1. C

[解析]根据第一句以及空后一句“She was outspoken and fashionable. ”可知，艾希礼和作者很不一样。

2. B

[解析]根据下文中的“when we became friends”可知，两个性格截然不同的人成为朋友，很让人惊讶，令人难以想象。

3. A

[解析]根据本句中的“did everything together”可知，两个人一起出去闲逛。

4. D

[解析]根据上一句可知，作者甚至根据她的兴趣调整了来年的日程安排。

5. A

[解析]根据下文“She just follows you”可知，作者会跟着她们。

6. D

[解析]根据下文“She just follows you, but doesn't have a 7 of her own. ”可知，其他人认为作者是个失败者。

7. B

[解析]根据上文“She just follows you”可知，她们认为作者没有个性。

8. C

[解析]根据常识以及下文中的“My eyes began to well with tears”可知，听到别人对自己不好的评价，一定会心碎。

9. A

[解析]根据上文可知，作者的眼睛开始充满泪水，作者的手在颤抖。

10. B

[解析]根据空后面的建议“做你自己，人们会喜欢真实的你”可知，母亲给出的建议非常简单。

11. C

[解析]根据本句中的“Just be yourself”可知，做你自己，人们会喜欢真实的你。

12. C

[解析]根据本句中的“It sounded so profound”可知，它听起来如此深刻，作者决定要去发现真实的自己。

13. A

[解析]根据下文作者的做法可知，作者经历了很多变化。

14. D

[解析]根据空后的“I began making new friends”可知，渐渐地，作者开始结交新朋友。

15. B

[解析]根据上文作者的改变以及不随波逐流而是做自己可知，尽管作者感到痛苦，但这是它们给我的礼物。

【语篇导读】作者讲述了让自己痛苦同时又让自己成长的一段友谊。