人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions精品复习练习题
展开Unit 4 History and Traditions —2022-2023学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第二册大单元“四步复习法”
第一步：单元学习目标整合
Section A | 1）know more about the history and traditions of the UK. 2）figure out the main structure of the passage . 3）express your own ideas on the given topics by critical thinking.
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Section B | 1）To identify the past participle and explore the functions of the past participle as the object complement and the attribute. 2）To sum up the usage and the functions of the past participle as the object complement and the attribute. 3）To use the past participle to express feelings and describe situations. |
Section C | 1）To figure out the organization and language features of the passage. 2）To appreciate and describe a place from sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch. 3）To write an essay of a place with the “Introduction—Body—Ending” structure.
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第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识
第三步：单元重难知识易混易错
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。
过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般为及物动词，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。例如：
He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。
也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：
fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳
下面为过去分词作定语的几种情况：
1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：
We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。
My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。
单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如：
They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。
2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例如：
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？
There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没
有什么变化。
4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如：
This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。
This is our school-run factory. 这是我们的校办工厂。
注意：
①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独做定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left（剩余的），given（所给的）。
concermed（有关的）等。
There is little time left. Let's hurry up.
剩余的时间不多了，我们赶快吧。
②过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
③有些过去分词做定语，前置和后置意义不同。试比较：
This is a used car which is worth only 5，000 uan.
这是一辆仅值五千元的旧车。
The method used is very efficient.
所用的这个方法很有效。
④过去分词可做非限制性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开。
A girl，dressed like a student，came in and sat beside me.
一位学生打扮的女孩走进来，坐在我的旁边。
5.现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别：
过去分词与所修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，表示一个已完成的动作。现在分词与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓系，它表示一个正在进行的动作。
This is a letter written in black ink.
这是一封用黑墨水写的信。
There are so many people showing interest in surfing the Internet.
过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词在句子中可作表语、定语、状语、补语（主补、宾补）等。下面就过去分词作宾语补足语的用法作一总结。
1. 能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的情况有：
（1）表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。
（2）表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
（3）表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。
I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。
I wish my homework finished before five o'clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。
（4）在“wih+宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。
2. 过去分词做宾语补足语与其他非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：
（1）及物动词的过去分词做宾语补足语时，表被动，说明宾语是过去分词动作的承受者；不及物动词的过去分词做宾语补足语时，表动作的完成，说明分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
We have our classroom cleaned after school every day.
每天放学后我们把教室打扫干净。（classroom与clean之间为逻辑上的被动关系）
We have our classroom cleaned after school every day.
每天放学后我们把教室打扫干净。（classrom与clean之间为逻辑上的被动关系）
When I got home，I found my wallet gone.
当我回到家，我发现我的钱包丢了。（“丢”这一动作已经完成）
（2）用现在分词做宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成主谓关系。
When I came here，I saw Li Lei reading an English book.
当我来到这儿，我看到李蕾正在读一本英文书。（“读书”这一动作正在进行）
（3）不定式做宾语补足语时，一般表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生，但动词 feel，see，hear，watch，notice，observe后的不定式做宾语补足语时（不定式的to须省略）表示不定式动作的全过程。
The teacher will have Li Lei clean the classroom today.
今天老师将让李蕾打扫教室。（Li Lei与clean之间为逻辑上的主动关系，clean 这一动作发生在have之后）
I heard Wei Fang sing this song.
我听到魏芳唱了这首歌。（“我”听见了“唱”的整个过程）
例题
1.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially _____(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
2.The _____ (puzzle) expression on his face showed that the question was puzzling.
3.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _____(return) to our shop for quality problems.
4.He felt someone _________(follow), but when he turned, he found the whole street _________(desert).
5.The policeman got the driver _________(sign) the paper and let him _________(leave) at once.
6.He found his office _________(break) into when he returned.
7.He had other boys ___________(accept) him as their leader.
He had his daughter ___________(do) her homework all the Sunday afternoon without any rest.
He had his liver __________(replace) for his liver cancer.
8.My English teacher kept me ___________(absorb) in the materials for the improvement of my English.
My English teacher kept me ___________(stand) against the wall for my careless mistake.
9.The war left so many people ___________(have) no place to live in.
The fire left so many houses ___________(burn) down.
10.I saw you _______(enter) the shopping mall, and then I left.
I saw you _______(play) with the children when I passed by.
I saw you _______(attack) by a car when I passed by.
答案以及解析
1.答案：designed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:现在，大多数大学都给大学一年级的学生提供一门课程，是为了帮助他们在学业上和个人方面取得成功专门设计的。根据句意和句子结构可知， specially designed 相当于 which/ that is specially designed,作定语修饰course,故此处用过去分词，故填designed。
2.答案：puzzled
3.答案：returned
解析：句意为:生产商会定期来回收因质量问题而被退回到我们店的照相机。分析句子结构可知,句中主语为The producer,谓语动词为comes,不定式短语to collect…作目的状语,表示“来回收因质量问题而被退回到我们店的照相机”,照相机是被退回的,所以设空处应该用过去分词作后置定语,修饰cameras。故填returned。
4.答案：following, deserted
5.答案：to sign, leave
6.答案：broken
7.答案：accept, doing, replaced
8.答案：absorbed, standing
9.答案：having, burned
10.答案：enter, playing, attacked
第四步：单元核心素养对接高考
描写某地时要注意其地理位置、人口、面积、历史、气候、交通、风俗习惯、特产特色等。描述顺序通常由上至下，从里到外，从左至右，从远到近。
1．抓住该地的特征及特色：详细描述该地的特征及特色，从而使读者对事物有全面、深刻的认识。
2．注意说明顺序：描述地点时一般按照空间顺序进行写作，如由上至下，从里到外，从左至右，从远到近。
3．巧用说明方法：写好地点描述类作文，不仅要突出该地的特征及特色，还要巧妙地运用说明方法，这样才能使文章显得生动形象。
4．语言要准确：描述一个地点就是客观介绍某地，所以写作时要注意语言的准确性。
5．地点描述类作文的结构：首先引入话题，介绍该地的基本情况；接下来对该地的特征及特色展开具体介绍，注意条理性；最后对该地进行整体评价。
【常用表达】
1．地理位置
①X位于……：X is located/situated in...
X lies in/on/to the south of...
Located in..., X is a city...
②X周围是……： Surrounded by..., X is...
2．面积
①X的面积是……： X has/covers an area of... square kilometers.
②海岸线总长……： Its coastline has a total length of... kilometers.
3．人口
①X有……人口： X has a (large/small) population of...
The population of X is...
X is a city with a (large/small) population of...
②X的人口增加到/增加了……： The population of X increases to/by...
4．历史
①X有……的历史： X has a (long) history of...
②X追溯到……： X dates/goes back to...
5．气候特征
①表示天气： be (very/quite/extremely) cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/stormy/rainy/mild/... all year round
②各地气候差异很大： The climate differs greatly from one area to another.
6．交通
①X交通便利： It is very convenient for you to go to X. X is within easy reach.
②可乘……去X: You can take a bus/a train/a plane to X.
You can go to X by bus/train/plane.
The best way to visit X is to take a bus tour.
7．名胜景观、特产特色
①名胜： places of interest
②著名的旅游景点之一： one of the famous tourist attractions
③盛产……/在……方面丰富： be rich in (natural resources/tourist attractions/..., such as/like...)
④因……而著名： be famous/well known for...
假定你是李华，请你用英语给你的加拿大笔友Cindy介绍你家乡的情况，要点包括你家乡的地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要物产以及近年来的变化等，并邀请她来做客。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Cindy，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[教你审题]
本文是一篇介绍家乡的事物类说明文，在写作时要注意突出主题和关键细节信息，同时注意人称、时态和说明文的语言特点。该文章应用第一人称写作，时态应以一般现在时为主。写作思路如下：
[名师指津]
作者从地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要物产以及近年来的变化等方面简明扼要地介绍了自己的家乡——平遥，文章结构合理，要点齐全，条理清晰。文章句式灵活多样，简单句与复合句相得益彰，尤其是复合句以及高级词汇的运用彰显了作者深厚的写作功底。
【1】此处为过去分词短语作定语。
【2】此处为which引导非限制性定语从句。
【3】此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
【4】此处为现在分词短语作结果状语。
[范文展示]
Dear Cindy，
I feel proud to make a brief introduction to my hometown, Pingyao to you.
Pingyao, located in Central China 【1】， is an ancient city in Shanxi Province. It has four distinct seasons, which bring us beautiful natural scenery and rich agricultural produce, such as corns and watermelons 【2】. As an ancient city, Pingyao has a long history, making it full of historic scenic spots 【3】， like Shuanglin Temple and Qiao Family Courtyard. In recent years, my hometown has greatly developed and become a well-known tourist destination, attracting thousands of visitors from around the world 【4】．
Welcome to my city and enjoy the special local produce. I'm sure you'll love it.
Yours，
Li Hua
[写作训练]
假定你叫李华，你的朋友Jo将从英国到你的家乡海口旅游。她来信询问有关海口的基本情况，请你给她回信。信的内容包括：
1．海口的基本情况：
(1)地理位置(海南岛北部)
(2)人口(227.21万人)
(3)面积(2 304.84平方公里)
(4)气候
2．至少介绍两个著名景点。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Jo，
I am so excited to know that you will come to Haikou ________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Jo，
I am so excited to know that you will come to Haikou, my hometown, for a visit. I'm so honored to show it to you.
With a population of 2,272, 100, Haikou, the capital of Hainan Province, is located in the north of Hainan Island, covering an area of about 2,305 square kilometers. It is wellknown for the pleasant climate — not too hot in summer and not too cold in winter.
There are many tourist attractions here, especially the Holiday Beach, which enjoys a beautiful and gentle coastline with sparkling waters, waving coconut trees and plenty of sunshine. Besides, Wugong Temple, which is now an attractive ancient architecture, was constructed in honor of five famous people during Tang and Song Dynasties.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours，
Li Hua
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