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人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀ppt课件
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀ppt课件，共37页。PPT课件主要包含了n火山，先行词，关系代词，关系代词在从句中，何时可以省略，做宾语时可以省略，关系代词的用法与辨析，whothat，thatwhich，whose等内容，欢迎下载使用。
T learn the restrictive relative clauses with that, which, wh, whse, whm ，and / .T use the restrictive relative clauses t describe pictures f disasters.
Retell the passage.
Strange things were happening that night. The water in the wells... Smelly gas… Animals… But peple were... Suddenly, everything began t shake. It seemed as if... A huge crack… Hard hills f rck… In less than ne minutes, … Tw thirds f the peple... Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins. Nearly everything… Bricks… Mst bridges… The railway tracks… Peple were in shck. And later that afternn, … Peple began t wnder…
But hpe was nt lst. Sn after the earthquake, … Dctrs and nurses… Wrkers… The city began t breathe again. Tangshan began t revive itself. With the supprt… The new city…
Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentence belw. The by wh is called T is gd.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great grandma cannt frget. The cuple wh live next t us vlunteered t help after the vlcan erupt.tThe supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry.
vi.&vt.火山爆发;熔浆喷出
n.供应量;补给品vt.供应;供给
The number f peple wh were killed r badly injured in the quake was mre than 400,000. Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead. Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed. Mr Li is an architect whse designs fr the new twn have wn praise. A dctr with whm James used t wrk died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuadr.
The structure f restrictive relative clauses
Tw thirds f the peple wh lived there were dead r injured.
定义: 在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词、整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句。
类型: 限制性定语从句（描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义）。 关系代词：that, which, wh, whm, whse等。引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用：1) 连接作用：引导从句，把从句和所修饰内容连接起来；2) 替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词；3) 在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
1) 关系代词that与which 定语从句中, 关系代词that既可指人也可指物，which一般用于指物。指物时二者一般可以互换。只用that引导定语从句的情况：① 当先行词为all, everything, anything, nthing, much, little, nne等不定代词或先行词被the nly, few, little, n, all, every, the very等词修饰时。
② 当先行词同时包括人和物时。如： They talked abut the teachers and schls that they had visited.③ 当先行词前有序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时。如： This is the first article that I’ve written in Japanese.④ 当主句是由wh或which开头的疑问句时。避免重复 如： Wh is the man that is standing by Jack?
2) 关系代词wh与whm wh指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一般可用that替换。 whm指人，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语和非正式文体中可用wh或that替换，也可以省略。3) 关系代词whse whse是wh的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，起限定作用。whse引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人也可以指物。
1 The eruptin f Munt Vesuvius in 79CE tk the peple f Pmpeii by surprise. They had always knwn that the muntain was a vlcan but it had been quiet fr s lng that nbdy saw it as a threat. When the vlcan finally did erupt, it was s quick and s severe that the twn was sn cvered in lava and ash. A writer ________ was there during the eruptin described hw lava was thrwn int the air like a funtain.
【语境应用】用that, which, wh, whse, whm, /完成句子。
After it fell t earth, it turned int wave f lava __________ travelled dwn the muntain faster than peple culd run away. It was an abslute disaster fr thse _________ culd nt escape in time. Many f the wden huses and bungalws (平房) in Pmpeii were burned t the grund, but the stne huses remained under the ash until they were rediscvered during the 20th century.
2The day after this eruptin I was lucky enugh t have a much clser lk at it. Tw ther scientists and I were driven up the muntain and drpped as clse as pssible t the crater __________ had been frmed during the eruptin. We put n special clthes befre we went any clser. Lking like spacemen, we had white prtective suits ___________ cvered ur whle bdy, helmets, big bts and special glves. It was nt easy t walk in these suits, but we slwly made ur way t the edge f the crater and lk dwn int the red, biling center.
that/ which
Cmplete each sentence with that, which, wh, whse, whm r /. Then translate the sentences int Chinese.
1. Here are sme f the peple _________ hmes were destryed by the typhn.2. The terrible shaking f the building wke up all the peple _________ were asleep.3. The next day, peple put up shelters in the pen air using anything _________ they culd find.
有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。
建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。
第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。
4. Several days later, mst f the buildings __________ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5. The injured by _________ mther was lst in the disaster was taken t the hspital.6. The wman wrte a thank-yu letter t the sldier by _________ she was rescued.7. Is this yung by _________ saved several ther students trapped under buildings?
几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。
那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。
这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。
这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？
Take turns t ask each ther abut the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that, which, wh, whse, r whm.
A: What’s the rescue wrker ding?B: She’s feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake.A: What are the sldiers ding?B: …
vi.生存;存活vt. 幸存;艰难度过
A: Wh is the wman that is hlding the baby?B: She’s a rescue wrker.A: Where is the wman wh/that is the baby’s mther?B: Maybe she’s injured and in the hspital.
A: Wh are the peple whse tent is being fixed?B: The peple whse city was destryed by the earthquake.
A: Why is this dg part f the rescue team?B: The dg, whse jb is t search peple wh are buried in the ruins, has an incredible sense f smell and hearing fr finding peple in the ruins.
1. The supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry.
supply n. an amunt f smething that is available t be used; fd, clthes, and things necessary fr daily life r fr a particular purpse 供应(量)；补给(品)vt. t prvide peple with smething that they need r want, especially regularly ver a lng perid f time 供应；供给
e.g. The natin’s fuel supplies will nt last frever. Paint fr the prject was supplied by the city. Supplies were brught in by air. (翻译) 这个国家的燃料供应不会无穷无尽。 用于这个项目的油漆由市里提供。 补给品通过空运送到了。
prvide, ffer, supply
【语境应用】用prvide/ffer/supply完成句子。1) Anna’s schl ________ her a very gd chance last year.2) Can yu ________ fifteen rms fr thirty peple? 3) They were arrested fr ________________ street dealers. 他们因向街头毒品贩子提供毒品而被逮捕。
supplying drugs t
2. She’s feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake.
survive vt. t cntinue t live nrmally in spite f many prblems 幸存；艰难度过 vi. t cntinue t live after an accident, war, r illness 生存；存活survivr n. 幸存者survival n. 残存，生还，生存survive n 依靠……生存下来 survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来
e.g. I can’t survive n $40 a week. Fr a few years, the building survived as a shelter fr the hmeless. The lucky girl survived the big earthquake. Jim was a survivr f the accident, but he lst his left leg. The survival f the by is uncertain; he is badly hurt and may die.
【语境应用】完成句子。1) The man was the nly ________(幸存者) wh _____________________(在地震中幸存). He tld us he ______________ (靠……生存) a bttle f water. Everyne said his ________ (幸存) was a wnder.
survived the earthquake
had survived n
2) After all, nt everyne has realized that wildlife has thughts, feelings, and mst imprtantly, equal rights __________ (survive).
定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词或整个主句的从句。被定语从句修饰的词是先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词(that, which, wh, whm, whse等)和关系副词(where, when, why)。关系词在定语从句中的作用：连接主句和定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
that, which, wh, whm, whse, as
只用that不用which
先行词是all, little, much, everything等代词
先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰
先行词被all, every, n, the nly, the very修饰
主句以wh或which开头的特殊疑问句
先行词是there be句式中的主语时
只用which不用that
引导非限制性定语从句时
一个句子中有两个限制性定语从句时，避免重复，一个that，一个which
先行词是指人的不定代词时
there be句中先行词指人的时
I. 用wh, whm, which或that完成下列句子。1. It’s a bk _________ intrduces hw t ck.2. There are many vlunteers _________ are helping the pr children.3. This is the bike __________ my brther gave me fr my birthday.4. The girl _________ is standing under the tree is my little sister.
5. The wman ______________ yu met yesterday is my aunt.6. Bruce, there is smene utside __________ wuld like t see yu.7. D yu knw the by _________ threw the stne at the windw?8. I am lking fr the backpack __________ I bught yesterday.
whm/wh/that
II. 用适当的关系代词填空。 1. The rainstrms __________ have struck 13 twns since June are a test f lcal gvernments' gverning ability. 2. They are trying their best t evacuate thse __________ are in danger.3. Every year, there are big r small disasters __________ happen in different parts f the wrld.
4. The peple __________ huses were damaged are in need f help.5. The fire __________ brke ut last night destryed all the cntents in the huse.6. The by is lking fr the man by __________ he was rescued during the fld.
III.选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。 The Kite Runner, 1. ________ (which, that) is set in Kabul, is abut the friendship between tw bys 2. ________ (wh, which) grw up tgether. Amir, 3. ________ (wh, whse) mther is dead, is brught up by his father and his father's servant, Ali. Hassan, 4. ________ (wh, that) is Ali's sn, is Amir's best friend. One day when the tw bys are trying t win a kite race, Hassan is attacked (攻击) by an lder by and tw f his friends.
Amir, 5. ________ (wh, that) sees the attack, hides in a place where the lder bys can't see him. Many years later, Amir, 6. ________ (whse, which) guilt (内疚) has always haunted (萦绕) him, risks his life t save Hassan's sn frm the same persn 7. ________ (what, that) had attacked Hassan all thse years befre.
Write a shrt passage f 6 sentences t describe the rescue wrk after the natural disaster. At least 4 restrictive relative clauses must be used.
T learn the restrictive relative clauses with that, which, wh, whse, whm ，and / .T use the restrictive relative clauses t describe pictures f disasters.
Retell the passage.
Strange things were happening that night. The water in the wells... Smelly gas… Animals… But peple were... Suddenly, everything began t shake. It seemed as if... A huge crack… Hard hills f rck… In less than ne minutes, … Tw thirds f the peple... Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins. Nearly everything… Bricks… Mst bridges… The railway tracks… Peple were in shck. And later that afternn, … Peple began t wnder…
But hpe was nt lst. Sn after the earthquake, … Dctrs and nurses… Wrkers… The city began t breathe again. Tangshan began t revive itself. With the supprt… The new city…
Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentence belw. The by wh is called T is gd.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great grandma cannt frget. The cuple wh live next t us vlunteered t help after the vlcan erupt.tThe supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry.
vi.&vt.火山爆发;熔浆喷出
n.供应量;补给品vt.供应;供给
The number f peple wh were killed r badly injured in the quake was mre than 400,000. Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead. Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed. Mr Li is an architect whse designs fr the new twn have wn praise. A dctr with whm James used t wrk died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuadr.
The structure f restrictive relative clauses
Tw thirds f the peple wh lived there were dead r injured.
定义: 在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词、整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句。
类型: 限制性定语从句（描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义）。 关系代词：that, which, wh, whm, whse等。引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用：1) 连接作用：引导从句，把从句和所修饰内容连接起来；2) 替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词；3) 在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
1) 关系代词that与which 定语从句中, 关系代词that既可指人也可指物，which一般用于指物。指物时二者一般可以互换。只用that引导定语从句的情况：① 当先行词为all, everything, anything, nthing, much, little, nne等不定代词或先行词被the nly, few, little, n, all, every, the very等词修饰时。
② 当先行词同时包括人和物时。如： They talked abut the teachers and schls that they had visited.③ 当先行词前有序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时。如： This is the first article that I’ve written in Japanese.④ 当主句是由wh或which开头的疑问句时。避免重复 如： Wh is the man that is standing by Jack?
2) 关系代词wh与whm wh指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一般可用that替换。 whm指人，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语和非正式文体中可用wh或that替换，也可以省略。3) 关系代词whse whse是wh的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，起限定作用。whse引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人也可以指物。
1 The eruptin f Munt Vesuvius in 79CE tk the peple f Pmpeii by surprise. They had always knwn that the muntain was a vlcan but it had been quiet fr s lng that nbdy saw it as a threat. When the vlcan finally did erupt, it was s quick and s severe that the twn was sn cvered in lava and ash. A writer ________ was there during the eruptin described hw lava was thrwn int the air like a funtain.
【语境应用】用that, which, wh, whse, whm, /完成句子。
After it fell t earth, it turned int wave f lava __________ travelled dwn the muntain faster than peple culd run away. It was an abslute disaster fr thse _________ culd nt escape in time. Many f the wden huses and bungalws (平房) in Pmpeii were burned t the grund, but the stne huses remained under the ash until they were rediscvered during the 20th century.
2The day after this eruptin I was lucky enugh t have a much clser lk at it. Tw ther scientists and I were driven up the muntain and drpped as clse as pssible t the crater __________ had been frmed during the eruptin. We put n special clthes befre we went any clser. Lking like spacemen, we had white prtective suits ___________ cvered ur whle bdy, helmets, big bts and special glves. It was nt easy t walk in these suits, but we slwly made ur way t the edge f the crater and lk dwn int the red, biling center.
that/ which
Cmplete each sentence with that, which, wh, whse, whm r /. Then translate the sentences int Chinese.
1. Here are sme f the peple _________ hmes were destryed by the typhn.2. The terrible shaking f the building wke up all the peple _________ were asleep.3. The next day, peple put up shelters in the pen air using anything _________ they culd find.
有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。
建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。
第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。
4. Several days later, mst f the buildings __________ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5. The injured by _________ mther was lst in the disaster was taken t the hspital.6. The wman wrte a thank-yu letter t the sldier by _________ she was rescued.7. Is this yung by _________ saved several ther students trapped under buildings?
几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。
那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。
这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。
这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？
Take turns t ask each ther abut the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that, which, wh, whse, r whm.
A: What’s the rescue wrker ding?B: She’s feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake.A: What are the sldiers ding?B: …
vi.生存;存活vt. 幸存;艰难度过
A: Wh is the wman that is hlding the baby?B: She’s a rescue wrker.A: Where is the wman wh/that is the baby’s mther?B: Maybe she’s injured and in the hspital.
A: Wh are the peple whse tent is being fixed?B: The peple whse city was destryed by the earthquake.
A: Why is this dg part f the rescue team?B: The dg, whse jb is t search peple wh are buried in the ruins, has an incredible sense f smell and hearing fr finding peple in the ruins.
1. The supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry.
supply n. an amunt f smething that is available t be used; fd, clthes, and things necessary fr daily life r fr a particular purpse 供应(量)；补给(品)vt. t prvide peple with smething that they need r want, especially regularly ver a lng perid f time 供应；供给
e.g. The natin’s fuel supplies will nt last frever. Paint fr the prject was supplied by the city. Supplies were brught in by air. (翻译) 这个国家的燃料供应不会无穷无尽。 用于这个项目的油漆由市里提供。 补给品通过空运送到了。
prvide, ffer, supply
【语境应用】用prvide/ffer/supply完成句子。1) Anna’s schl ________ her a very gd chance last year.2) Can yu ________ fifteen rms fr thirty peple? 3) They were arrested fr ________________ street dealers. 他们因向街头毒品贩子提供毒品而被逮捕。
supplying drugs t
2. She’s feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake.
survive vt. t cntinue t live nrmally in spite f many prblems 幸存；艰难度过 vi. t cntinue t live after an accident, war, r illness 生存；存活survivr n. 幸存者survival n. 残存，生还，生存survive n 依靠……生存下来 survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来
e.g. I can’t survive n $40 a week. Fr a few years, the building survived as a shelter fr the hmeless. The lucky girl survived the big earthquake. Jim was a survivr f the accident, but he lst his left leg. The survival f the by is uncertain; he is badly hurt and may die.
【语境应用】完成句子。1) The man was the nly ________(幸存者) wh _____________________(在地震中幸存). He tld us he ______________ (靠……生存) a bttle f water. Everyne said his ________ (幸存) was a wnder.
survived the earthquake
had survived n
2) After all, nt everyne has realized that wildlife has thughts, feelings, and mst imprtantly, equal rights __________ (survive).
定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词或整个主句的从句。被定语从句修饰的词是先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词(that, which, wh, whm, whse等)和关系副词(where, when, why)。关系词在定语从句中的作用：连接主句和定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
that, which, wh, whm, whse, as
只用that不用which
先行词是all, little, much, everything等代词
先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰
先行词被all, every, n, the nly, the very修饰
主句以wh或which开头的特殊疑问句
先行词是there be句式中的主语时
只用which不用that
引导非限制性定语从句时
一个句子中有两个限制性定语从句时，避免重复，一个that，一个which
先行词是指人的不定代词时
there be句中先行词指人的时
I. 用wh, whm, which或that完成下列句子。1. It’s a bk _________ intrduces hw t ck.2. There are many vlunteers _________ are helping the pr children.3. This is the bike __________ my brther gave me fr my birthday.4. The girl _________ is standing under the tree is my little sister.
5. The wman ______________ yu met yesterday is my aunt.6. Bruce, there is smene utside __________ wuld like t see yu.7. D yu knw the by _________ threw the stne at the windw?8. I am lking fr the backpack __________ I bught yesterday.
whm/wh/that
II. 用适当的关系代词填空。 1. The rainstrms __________ have struck 13 twns since June are a test f lcal gvernments' gverning ability. 2. They are trying their best t evacuate thse __________ are in danger.3. Every year, there are big r small disasters __________ happen in different parts f the wrld.
4. The peple __________ huses were damaged are in need f help.5. The fire __________ brke ut last night destryed all the cntents in the huse.6. The by is lking fr the man by __________ he was rescued during the fld.
III.选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。 The Kite Runner, 1. ________ (which, that) is set in Kabul, is abut the friendship between tw bys 2. ________ (wh, which) grw up tgether. Amir, 3. ________ (wh, whse) mther is dead, is brught up by his father and his father's servant, Ali. Hassan, 4. ________ (wh, that) is Ali's sn, is Amir's best friend. One day when the tw bys are trying t win a kite race, Hassan is attacked (攻击) by an lder by and tw f his friends.
Amir, 5. ________ (wh, that) sees the attack, hides in a place where the lder bys can't see him. Many years later, Amir, 6. ________ (whse, which) guilt (内疚) has always haunted (萦绕) him, risks his life t save Hassan's sn frm the same persn 7. ________ (what, that) had attacked Hassan all thse years befre.
Write a shrt passage f 6 sentences t describe the rescue wrk after the natural disaster. At least 4 restrictive relative clauses must be used.
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