高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters单元测试随堂练习题

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一、词汇与短语
I. 重点词汇默写
damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
destry vt. 摧毁；毁灭
affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
fld n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没
magnitude n. (地)震级；重大
crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi.&vt. (使)破裂
ruin n．&vt. 破坏；毁坏
trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
effrt n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
unify vi.&vt. 统一；(使)成一体
supply n. [pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt. 供应；供给
tap vi.&vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
crash vt.&vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞
wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi.&vt. 挥手；招手
whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
summary n. 总结；概括；概要
aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.&vt. 帮助；援助
disaster n. 灾难；灾害
slide vi.&vt. (使)滑行；滑动
evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
helicpter n. 直升机
cntext n. 上下文；语境；背景
percent n. 百分之…… adj.&adv. 每一百中
brick n. 砖；砖块
metal n. 金属
electricity n. 电；电能
emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
pipe n. 管子；管道
II.拓展词汇变形
rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 营救人员；救援人员
survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survivr n. 幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存；生还
death n. 死；死亡→die vi. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的；无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的；临终的
shck n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shcked adj. 震惊的→shcking adj. 令人震惊的
breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n．呼吸
revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者
wisdm n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的→wisely adv. 明智地；有智慧地
sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式)swept→(过去分词)swept
strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken
pwer n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→pwerful adj. 强大的；强有力的→pwerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的
erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptin n. 爆发
calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地
deliver vt.&vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送；传达
effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效的
length n. 长；长度→lng adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 加长
III.核心短语互译
refer t 指的是；参考，查阅；提到
used t 过去常常
set up 建立
at least 至少
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
in shck 震惊；吃惊
blw away 吹走；刮走
cme t an end 结束
fall dwn 倒塌
cut acrss 穿过；贯穿；抄近路
as usual 和往常一样
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
in the pen air 露天；在户外
n hand 现有(尤指帮助)
stay/keep calm 保持平静
stay away frm 远离
make sure 确保
fight the fire 扑火
fld­hit area 洪灾地区
rescue wrker 营救人员
hundreds f 成百上千的
nthing but 只有；仅仅
dig ut 挖出
the number f ……的数量
get n ne's feet 站起来
tireless effrts 不懈的努力
stay psitive 保持乐观
be expected t d 预计做
give sb. a clear idea f 让某人清楚地了解
hld n 抓住
first aid kit 急救箱
IV. 根据汉语提示用本单元词汇的正确形式填空
It was a ①shck (震惊) that fr peple wh lived alng the Yangtze River, the summer f 2016 was eq \a\vs4\al(②ruined) (破坏). A huge typhn ③struck (袭击) East China, which ④swept away (彻底消除) almst everything alng its way and caused great ⑤damage (损失). The flds and landslides caused by the typhn caused 161 ⑥deaths (死), left 61 missing and sme injured. ⑦Electricity (电) was cut ff, and peple were eq \a\vs4\al(⑧evacuated) (疏散) t live in ⑨shelters (避难处). N ne dared t walk ⑩in the pen air (在户外). The terrible weather ⑪had a great effect n (对……有很大影响) flights, s sme passengers were ⑫trapped (困于) at the airprt and culd hardly ⑬stay calm (保持平静). It seemed as if the area was ⑭cming t an end (结束). Hpefully, emergency supplies ⑮n hand (现有) were eq \a\vs4\al(⑯delivered) (递送) t the area and ⑰rescue (营救) wrkers did everything in their ⑱pwer (力量) t ffer aid and ⑲bury (埋葬) the dead.
Thugh peple wh were ⑳affected (影响) by the disaster eq \(○,\s\up4(21))suffered (受苦) a lt, they unified and used their eq \(○,\s\up4(22))wisdm (智慧) t make the area eq \(○,\s\up4(23))breathe (呼吸) again. In the fllwing mnths since the disaster, eq \a\vs4\al(\(○,\s\up4(24))effrts) (努力) have been made t eq \(○,\s\up4(25))revive (复活) the disaster­hit area. eq \(○,\s\up4(26))Survivrs (幸存者) were helped and huses which were eq \(○,\s\up4(27))destryed (毁坏) were rebuilt.
二、句式与篇章
I. 教材原句补全
It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
The number f peple wh were killed r badly injured in the quake was mre than 400,000.
在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
Fishermen, turists, htels, hmes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strng earthquake that reached a magnitude f 9.0.
渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被高达9.0级的强震所引发的巨浪卷走。
I was-having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme.
我和我的3个孩子正在吃早餐，这时家里开始灌水。
Hwever,dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies .
然面，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
II. 单句语法填空
Several (survive) f the accident have been taken t the hspital in a state f shck.
答案与解析 survivrs 设空在句中做主语，且设空前是Several，根据语境可知此处表“幸存者”，故填复数名词survivrs。
The city which (affect) by the fld last night is nw in need f water supply.
答案与解析 was affected 根据从句时间状语last night，可知从句谓语用一般过去时，主语The city与affect是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，填was affected。
It is reprted that the (die) f the missing by has nt been prved yet.
答案与解析 death 设空前是定冠词the，且设空在句中做主语，应用名词，填death。
She (rescue) frm the burning building, but her leg was injured.
答案与解析 was rescued 设空在句中做谓语，且与句中已有的谓语was injured时态一致；又主语She与rescue是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，填was rescued。
The little child and her parents lived in a shelter because their huse (destry) in the fld.
答案与解析 had been destryed 设空在句中做谓语，且表先于主句谓语动词lived之前的动作，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，填had been destryed。
The man (slide) int the rm and pretended t be a student.
答案与解析 slid 设空在句中做谓语，且与句中已有的谓语动词pretended时态一致，应用一般过去时，填slid。slide (滑)—slid—slid/slidden。
The 10­year­ld girl was ne f the nly three children wh (survive) the disaster.
答案与解析 survived 设空在从句中做谓语，且与主句时态一致，应用一般过去时，填survived。
Thse (disaster), cmpared with this ne, are much mre frightening.
答案与解析 disasters 设空前是Thse，故该处应填名词复数形式。
I like t live in the cuntryside where the air is gd (breathe)．
答案与解析 t breathe 该句是“主语＋be＋adj.＋t d”结构，表事物的性质或特点，不定式用主动表被动，故填t breathe。
They were (shck) t find the huse cmpletely destryed.
答案与解析 shcked 设空在句中做表语，表主语They “感到震惊的”，应用形容词shcked。
The dr was lcked and they (trap) in the building.
答案与解析 were trapped 设空在句中做谓语，且与句中已有的谓语was lcked时态一致，应用一般过去时；主语they与trap是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，填were trapped。
I'd like yu all t share yur (wise) and experience with us.
答案与解析 wisdm 设空在句中做share的宾语，且设空前是形容词性物主代词yur，故填名词wisdm。
(bury) in her study, she paid n attentin t what was happening.
答案与解析 Buried be buried in “埋头于”，在句中做状语时，应用过去分词形式。
The terrible strm flded the area, which als (ruin) ur trip.
答案与解析 ruined 设空在从句中做谓语，且与主句谓语动词flded时态一致，应用一般过去时，填ruined。
The serius drught affected the farmers and caused great (suffer)．
答案与解析 suffering 句意：严重的旱灾影响了农民，给他们带来巨大的痛苦。设空在句中做caused的宾语，且设空前是great，故填名词suffering。
Thse rescue wrkers made every effrt (help) thse wh survived the earthquake.
答案与解析 t help make every effrt t d sth.“努力做某事”。
The tw strangers talked happily as if they (be) friends fr years.
答案与解析 had been 根据主句谓语talked可知该处“仿佛是多年的朋友”，指的是对过去的假设，故as if从句谓语用过去完成时，填had been。
The disaster­hit area finally gt up n its (ft) with the supprt f the gvernment.
答案与解析 feet get up n ne's feet “站起来”。
At this pint, it suddenly (strike) me that I was wasting my time.
答案与解析 struck that后的从句中谓语是过去进行时，故主句谓语用一般过去时，填struck。strike (使想起)—struck—struck。
The (pwer) earthquake has left many huses in ruins.
答案与解析 pwerful 设空在句中做定语，修饰名词earthquake，应用形容词，表“强大的”，填pwerful。
Yu will be shcked at the (lng) f the amazing river.
答案与解析 length 设空前是the，设空后是介词f，故该空填名词，表“长度”，填length。
Up t nw enugh fd and water (deliver) t the disaster­hit area.
答案与解析 have been delivered 主语fd and water与deliver是被动关系，应用被动语态，且句中时间状语是Up t nw，故谓语用现在完成时的被动语态，填have been delivered。
(effect) measures have been taken t rescue thse trapped under the damaged building.
答案与解析 Effective 设空在句中做定语，修饰名词measures，表“有效的”，填形容词Effective。
The plane (crash) in the muntain last night, which made us shcked.
答案与解析 crashed 设空在句中做谓语，且与从句的谓语动词made时态一致，应用一般过去时，填crashed。
In the face f the disaster, he (calm) arranged fr a car t pick up her children.
答案与解析 calmly 设空在句中做状语，修饰谓语arranged，应用副词，填calmly。
That rescue team (supply) thse peple wh were affected by the fld with enugh fresh water.
答案与解析 supplied 设空处所填谓语动词时态与从句谓语动词时态一致，应用一般过去时，填supplied。
A simple click can even bring us fld f music, mvies and cmputer games.
答案与解析 a a fld f “大量的；大批的”，相当于flds f。
The graceful hst referred the event least three times in the prgramme.
答案与解析 t; at refer t “提到”；at least “至少”。
Hundreds f hmeless peple have sheltered the cld winter in the center.
答案与解析 frm 根据语境“几百个无家可归者在中心躲避寒冬”可知此处是固定短语shelter frm “躲避”，故填介词frm。
The rganizatin set by the athlete has helped many pr families in the past years.
答案与解析 up set up “建立；成立”。
They are scheduled t reach Shanghai by June 6, making pssible fr them t attend the meeting.
答案与解析 it make it pssible fr sb. t d sth.“使某人做某事成为可能”，it是形式宾语。
Glbal warming has a great effect plants and animals in the wrld.
答案与解析 n/upn have a(n)． n/upn...“对……有……影响”。
The man was sleeping the frightening earthquake happened.
答案与解析 when be ding sth. when “正在做某事这时……”。
The great day was almst hand when we culd shw ur wisdm and talent.
答案与解析 at 根据语境“我们能展示我们的智慧和天赋的那一天即将到来”可知此处是固定短语at hand “即将到来”，故填at。
the aid f rescue wrkers, they have all managed t rebuild their huses.
答案与解析 With with the aid f “在……援助下”。
She prefers t walk the pen air fr half an hur after supper.
答案与解析 in in the pen air “在户外，露天”。
It is my pwer t help yu with the wrk, s yu'd better turn t thers.
答案与解析 beynd 根据句中的turn t thers可知此处表达的是“我无能为力”，故用beynd ne's pwer “某人无能为力”，填介词beynd。
It is shck t learn that the ancient twn was affected by the typhn.
答案与解析 a shck作“令人震惊的事”讲时，是可数名词，其前加a。
Frtunately, the lng and bring lecture is cming t end.
答案与解析 an cme t an end “告终；结束；完结”。
In rder t find better jb, make sure yu get well educated.
答案与解析 a 比较级前，用不定冠词a，表“一个更……”，如a mre beautiful city “一个更美的城市”。
The strng wind has blwn all the leaves n the grund.
答案与解析 away blw away “刮走；吹走”。
The whle city fell ruin in the fire during the war.
答案与解析 int fall int ruin “成为废墟”。
III. 句式升级
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。(bury)
①Buried in his study, he didn’t knw that all the thers had left.(分词短语作状语)
②Burying himself in his study, he didn’t knw that all the thers had left.(分词短语作状语)
③Because he was buried in his study, he didn’t knw that all the thers had left.(原因状语从句)
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
①We’ll try/d ur best t help yu, but yu must get prepared t meet all kinds f difficulties.(best)
②We’ll make every effrt t help yu/ spare n effrt t help yu, but yu must get prepared t meet all kinds f difficulties.(effrt)
我年龄太小了，不理解这部电影的含义。
①I was t yung t understand the meaning f the film.()
②I was s yung that I culdn't understand the meaning f the film.()
我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。
① It suddenly struck me that I shuld pay a visit t my teacher.（strike)
②It suddenly hit me that I shuld pay a visit t my teacher.(hit)
He suffered defeat after defeat,and he began t lse faith in himself.
Having suffered defcat after defeat , he began t lse faith in himself.(分词短语作状语)
IV. 课文缩写填空
Strange things happened befre Tangshan Earthquake happened. The well walls had deep cracks. A eq \a\vs4\al( 1 ) (smell) gas came ut f them. At 3：42 eq \a\vs4\al( 2 ) the mrning f July 28, 1976, everything began t shake. eq \a\vs4\al( 3 ) seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end. One f the eq \a\vs4\al( 4 ) (deadly) earthquakes f the 20th century had begun. Sn the whle city lay in eq \a\vs4\al( 5 ) (ruin). Many peple died r were injured. Everything in the city was destryed. Peple were eq \a\vs4\al( 6 ) (shck) at this and wndered hw lng the disaster wuld last.
The army rganized teams t dig ut thse wh eq \a\vs4\al( 7 ) (trap)and t bury the dead. Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs. Fd and water were taken t the city. Slwly the city began t eq \a\vs4\al( 8 ) (breath) again. Tangshan began t revive eq \a\vs4\al( 9 ) (it) and get up n its feet again. With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless effrts f the city's peple, a new Tangshan was built. Tangshan city has prved that in times f disaster, peple must unify and shw the wisdm t stay psitive and rebuild fr eq \a\vs4\al( 10 ) brighter future.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案1.smelly 2.n 3.It 4.mst deadly 5.ruins 6.shcked 7.were trapped 8.breathe 9.itself 10.a
三、单元语法小练
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
This is the very htel that I stayed at when I was travelling here.
He is a man frm whm we are all ready t learn.
It is the mst amazing building that Daming has seen ever since he came here.
We are ging t learn sme Chinese pems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty.
She is ne f the girls wh/that have passed the exam.
They planted sme trees which/that didn't need much water.
She wuld d anything that culd help her mther recver frm the disease.
D yu knw the lady with whm ur English teacher is talking under the big tree?
I talked with the man whse huse was destryed in the fld.
My father bught a new bike fr me whse price added up t mre than 1,000 yuan.
Anyne wh has helped t rescue the drwning girl is wrth praising.
The by and the dg that are in the picture lk very lvely.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
I dn't knw the man. The man spke t the headmaster.
→I dn't knw the man wh/that spke t the headmaster.
I have seen the film. They're talking abut the film.
→I have seen the film that/which they're talking abut.
Last week Mary rde the bike. I gave it t her.
→Last week Mary rde the bike that/which I gave t her.
The girl is frm America. Her father is a great scientist.
→The girl whse father is a great scientist is frm America.
My grandparents live in a huse. It is mre than 30 years ld.
→My grandparents live in a huse which/that is mre than 30 years ld.
Ⅲ.用适当的关系词补全下面的短文
The tw ld ladies eq \a\vs4\al( 1 ) lived next dr were called Janna and Martha. They were sisters, and had lived there all their lives. Martha was the quiet ne, eq \a\vs4\al( 2 ) stayed at hme and did the husewrk. She always wre a white aprn (围裙), eq \a\vs4\al( 3 ) never lked dirty. Janna, eq \a\vs4\al( 4 ) was mre sciable, was a secretary until she reached sixty and retired. “I've had enugh f that ffice，” she tld Martha. But that wasn't the real reasn eq \a\vs4\al( 5 ) she stpped wrking. She had always dreamed f ging n a lng, expensive hliday, t beautiful cities, eq \a\vs4\al( 6 ) she culd spend days in art galleries and museums, and t white sandy beaches, n eq \a\vs4\al( 7 ) she culd sunbathe and relax.
And nw she had the time and the mney t d things eq \a\vs4\al( 8 ) she wanted t d. But she knew that Martha, eq \a\vs4\al( 9 ) was s different frm her, and eq \a\vs4\al( 10 ) nly interest was the huse, wuld nt like the idea. Of curse, she wuldn't g traveling alne and leave her sister living in the huse all by herself. S what did Janna d? Stay in the huse ding nthing all day lng? N! She did spend days “in” art galleries and museums, but, thrugh the Internet!
答案与解析
wh/that 先行词是ladies，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词wh/that引导定语从句。
wh 非限制性定语从句先行词是the quiet ne，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词wh引导定语从句。
which 非限制性定语从句先行词是a white aprn，指物，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
wh 非限制性定语从句先行词是Janna，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词wh引导非限制性定语从句。
why 定语从句先行词是the real reasn，表“原因”，关系词在从句中做原因状语，故用关系副词why引导定语从句。
where 定语从句先行词是cities，表“地点”，关系词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
which 先行词为white sandy beaches，代入非限制性定语从句后为：n white sandy beaches she culd sunbathe and relax，由此可见关系词在定语从句中做介词n的宾语，故填which。
that/which 定语从句先行词是things，关系词在从句中做动词d的宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
wh 非限制性定语从句先行词是Martha，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词wh引导定语从句。
whse 先行词是Martha，指人，关系词在从句中做interest的定语，故用关系代词whse引导定语从句。