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高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Natural disasters综合训练题
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这是一份高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Natural disasters综合训练题，共7页。
A
Fr the past week, hundreds f firefighters have been battling a wildfire that started n March 26 in the muntains suthwest f Denver, Clrad. The fire quickly burned thrugh 4, 140 acres f land— an area the size f mre than 3, 000 ftball fields. It killed three peple, destryed at least 25 huses, and frced hundreds f peple t evacuate their hmes.
Investigatins have fund that the fire was likely caused by a cntrlled burn started ne week earlier by the Clrad State Frest Service (CSFS).
A cntrlled burn is a fire ignited(点燃) by prfessinals t clear the grund f built-up fuel—such as dead wd, thick layers f pine needles, and vercrwded trees—that can cause dangerus wildfires. Hundreds f cntrlled burns have been safely managed in Clrad frests ver the past few mnths.
Fire prfessinals take many measures t make sure that burns can be cntrlled. Befre starting a burn, the prfessinals lk carefully at weather frecasts, hw clse the fire will be t huses and rads, and ther factrs. They plan hw they will ignite and cntain the fire and arrange fr resurces such as fire trucks and firefighters t be present.
CSFS fficials say fire crews fllwed all safety prcedures befre starting the cntrlled burn near Denver n March 19. The fire died dwn fur days later. But n March 26, high winds blew embers(余烬) nt unburned land, starting the deadly flame. Unusually warm temperatures and dry cnditins helped it spread.
Fire crews nw have the flame almst fully cntained, and mst families have been allwed t return t their hmes. Clrad Gvernr Jhn Hickenlper has issued a temprary ban n cntrlled burns n state land and has called fr a cmplete review f the rules fr these types f fires.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了发生在科罗拉多州丹佛市西南山区的一次大火引发的自然灾害, 并分析了起火的原因及灭火情况。
1. In the first paragraph, the underlined wrd “evacuate” can be replaced by “______”.
A. build B. prtect C. leave D. watch
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容可知美国的科罗拉多州丹佛市西南部的山区发生火灾, 大火导致3人死亡, 至少25处房屋被毁, 几百人被迫离开他们的家园。故evacuate意为“疏散; 离开”。
2. Accrding t the passage, CSFS fficials may agree that______.
A. the weather factr was blamed fr the fire
B. fire crews’ carelessness led t the fire
C. burning wd in the frest will be banned
D. firefighters shuld be present when the burn was started
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知山火的原因很可能是大风、高温和干燥。故科罗拉多州林务局的官员认为这次火灾要归咎于天气。
3. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Hundreds f peple were injured in the wildfire.
B. The wildfire was an unexpected event.
C. N measures were taken t cntrl the burn.
D. The wildfire has been cmpletely put ut.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句的内容可知此次山火得到了完全遏制, 市民可以返回家园了。
4. Where can the article prbably appear?
A. In a TV guide. B. In a newspaper.
C. In a science bk. D. In a tur bklet.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章主要介绍了发生在科罗拉多州丹佛市西南山区的一次大火引发的自然灾害并分析了起火的原因及灭火情况。故文章可能是新闻报道。
B
Scientists think that a weather pattern called El Nin (厄尔尼诺现象) caused the drught in Australia. El Nin causes different weather in different parts f the wrld. It causes a lt f rain and flds in sme places. It causes drughts in ther places. Drughts can badly affect peple and the land. El Nin lasts abut a year.
In nrmal weather cnditins, warm winds frm Suth America blw frm east t west acrss the Pacific Ocean. The winds early take strms t Australia. These strms bring rain t Australia.
During an El Nin weather pattern, the winds change directin. They blw frm west t east acrss the Pacific Ocean. The strms n lnger mve acrss Australia. S Australia gets very little rain during El Nin.
The drught began in January, 1982. El Nin ften ccurs at this time f year. But that year, El Nin was strnger than usual. There was very little rainfall in eastern Australia. There was als very little water in the rivers. The drught was at its wrst in February, 1983. At that time, the weather was very ht. The frests and fields were very dry. Cttn grwers culdn’t plant their cttn. Sheep farmers had n grass fr their animals t eat. S many f them died. Because the frests were dry, frest fires started quickly. Sme f the fires burned fr a mnth. Many frests were destryed. Over 2, 000 peple lst their huses in the fires and 75 peple died.
The Australian drught f 1982～1983 affected thusands f peple and animals. The drught cst the cuntry ver $3, 000, 000, 000. It was a reminder (提示) t Australians f hw the weather culd change their lives.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇报道。文章讲的是发生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亚的干旱自然灾害。
5. Frm the passage we knw El Nin is ______.
A. a weather type B. a pwerful strm
C. a place in Australia D. a kind f warm wind
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知El Nin是一种天气现象。
6. Which directin des the wind cme frm in Australia’s El Nin weather pattern?
A. Frm east. B. Frm west.
C. Frm suth. D. Frm nrth.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知在澳大利亚的厄尔尼诺天气下, 风是从西向东吹的。
7. Hw lng did the drught in Australia last?
A. Abut 3 mnths. B. Less than half a year.
C. Mre than ne year. D. Mre than tw years.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句“The drught began in January, 1982. ”和第六句“The drught was at its wrst in February, 1983. ”可知这次干旱至少持续了一年零一个月。再结合第一段最后一句可知厄尔尼诺现象一般会持续一年左右。
8. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. A drught happened in Suth America.
B. Australia gt much rain during El Nin.
C. El Nin changed the Australian’s life.
D. El Nin caused a great drught in Australia.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章第一句和最后两段的内容可知本文主要讲的是发生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亚的干旱。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
It was a cld, wet day n June 6, when 14-year-ld Wasana arrived at schl. Waiting utside his classrm fr his classmates t arrive, Wasana stared aimlessly 1 the puring rain. Then his 2 fell upn the hill that stand at the back f the classrm.
He 3 huge amunts f rainwater flwing dwn the hill, and water was als bubbling(冒泡) at the base f a large rck n the hill. Fr a few 4 , Wasana lked at the water, wndering why it lked 5 familiar.
Then it 6 him—the scene was surprisingly 7 t the pictures he was shwn during Disaster Management classes. 8 a disaster was abut t happen, Wasana waved 9 at students, shuting “Run, run, dn’t stay here! The rcks n the hill are ging t 10 n us! ”
All the students and teachers ran t the pen area that had been 11 as an emergency gathering pint. 12 , they heard screams as the huge rck rlled dwn the hill, bringing sand, rck and mud. There was 13 they culd d but watch the earth bury an entire schl.
Thanks t Wasana’s quick actin and careful bservatin, 14 was hurt in the incident. Wasana later 15 a Gld Star frm the Fundatin fr Civilian Bravery, Sri Lanka.
【语篇概述】Wasana看到山上的雨水聚集的奇怪景象, 从而联想到在灾难管理课程上学到的知识, 预知一场山体滑坡即将发生, 并及时向同学和老师发出警告, 让大家撤离到安全地带。
1. A. at B. n C. t D. in
【解析】选A。stare at 盯着……看。
2. A. thughtsB. eyesC. wrdsD. vices
【解析】选B。ne’s eyes fell n/upn smething目光落在……之上。句意: 然后, 他的目光落在了教室后面的那座山上。
3. A. thught B. lked C. nticed D. heard
【解析】选C。根据句意“他注意到有大量的雨水从山上流下来, 而且山上的一块大石头的底部也不断地有雨水咕嘟地冒出来。”可知选C, ntice注意到。
4. A. times B. minutes C. hurs D. perids
【解析】选B。此处表示, 有几分钟, Wasana 盯着(山上的)那些水, 好奇(这个场景)为何看起来如此熟悉。
5. A. s B. such C. t D. like
【解析】选A。根据句意得知, Wasana好奇(这个场景)为何看起来如此(s)熟悉, 强调以前好像看过。
6. A. hit B. drve C. pushed D. stpped
【解析】选A。it hit sb. 某人忽然想起某事, 固定用法。然后他突然想起——这个场景与他在Disaster Management 课程上所看到的图片是很相似的。
7. A. strange B. rare C. terrible D. similar
【解析】选D。根据上下文可知, 这个场景与他在灾害管理课程上所看到的图片是很相似的。
8. A. Rejecting B. Fearing C. Scaring D. Aviding
【解析】选B。看到这个场景之后, Wasana应该是害怕(山体滑坡)灾难可能会发生, 所以他疯狂地挥舞着手臂, 警告其他人, 快跑! 快跑! 不要待在这里! 山上的石头就要滚落下来, 会砸到我们的! 故选Fearing, 作伴随状语。
9. A. angrily B. sadly C. excitedly D. wildly
【解析】选D。千钧一发之际, Wasana当然是疯狂地(wildly)挥舞着手臂。
10. A. beat B. mve C. fall D. dive
【解析】选C。这句话的主语是“The rcks n the hill”, 所以表达的是山上的石头很可能会滚落下来。
11. A. put away B. set aside
C. brught frth D. taken apart
【解析】选B。根据句意“所有的学生和老师(立即)跑到外面的一个空旷地区, 这个地方是早就“留出”作应急之用的聚集场所。”可知, 用 set aside“(为以后的某种用途)留出”。put away收起, 将……放回原处; bring frth生, 引起; take apart拆卸, 拆开。
12. A. Just then B. In shrt
C. In gd time D. As a result
【解析】选A。句意: 就在所有同学和老师都跑到安全地带的“那一刻”, 他们听到巨石裹挟着沙子、石头和泥浆从山顶呼啸而下(山体滑玻的场景)。强调正在那时。
13. A. smethingB. much
C. anythingD. nthing
【解析】选D。当他们看着整个校区被尘土淹没时, 他们都无能为力(什么事情都不能做)。
14. A. everybdy B. smebdy
C. anybdy D. nbdy
【解析】选D。根据上文老师和学生都跑出来了, 所以断定没有人在事故中受伤。
15. A. received B. accepted C. bught D. hnred
【解析】选A。根据句意可知, Wasana获得了斯里兰卡的见义勇为基金会颁发的金星奖。D选项需要用被动形式, 故排除。
【技法导练】通览全文, 了解大意
完形填空题型主要测试同学们在语篇层面上综合运用语言的能力, 在解答试题之前应快速阅读全文, 抓住文章的主题, 搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系。一般说来, 通读的关键是弄清第一句(往往点明主题, 且是没留空白的完整句)和最后一句(往往总结、概括全文)。另外, 在浏览全文的时候, 要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件, 即wh, when, where, what。比如上面的这篇完形填空, 最后一段“Thanks t Wasana’s quick actin and careful bservatin, ______was hurt in the incident. Wasana later ______a Gld Star frm the Fundatin fr Civilian Bravery, Sri Lanka. ”就是文章的中心所在。14题可以推断出是无人受伤, 15题进而得知他被授予了奖项。这些都和文章中心紧密关联。
A
Fr the past week, hundreds f firefighters have been battling a wildfire that started n March 26 in the muntains suthwest f Denver, Clrad. The fire quickly burned thrugh 4, 140 acres f land— an area the size f mre than 3, 000 ftball fields. It killed three peple, destryed at least 25 huses, and frced hundreds f peple t evacuate their hmes.
Investigatins have fund that the fire was likely caused by a cntrlled burn started ne week earlier by the Clrad State Frest Service (CSFS).
A cntrlled burn is a fire ignited(点燃) by prfessinals t clear the grund f built-up fuel—such as dead wd, thick layers f pine needles, and vercrwded trees—that can cause dangerus wildfires. Hundreds f cntrlled burns have been safely managed in Clrad frests ver the past few mnths.
Fire prfessinals take many measures t make sure that burns can be cntrlled. Befre starting a burn, the prfessinals lk carefully at weather frecasts, hw clse the fire will be t huses and rads, and ther factrs. They plan hw they will ignite and cntain the fire and arrange fr resurces such as fire trucks and firefighters t be present.
CSFS fficials say fire crews fllwed all safety prcedures befre starting the cntrlled burn near Denver n March 19. The fire died dwn fur days later. But n March 26, high winds blew embers(余烬) nt unburned land, starting the deadly flame. Unusually warm temperatures and dry cnditins helped it spread.
Fire crews nw have the flame almst fully cntained, and mst families have been allwed t return t their hmes. Clrad Gvernr Jhn Hickenlper has issued a temprary ban n cntrlled burns n state land and has called fr a cmplete review f the rules fr these types f fires.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了发生在科罗拉多州丹佛市西南山区的一次大火引发的自然灾害, 并分析了起火的原因及灭火情况。
1. In the first paragraph, the underlined wrd “evacuate” can be replaced by “______”.
A. build B. prtect C. leave D. watch
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容可知美国的科罗拉多州丹佛市西南部的山区发生火灾, 大火导致3人死亡, 至少25处房屋被毁, 几百人被迫离开他们的家园。故evacuate意为“疏散; 离开”。
2. Accrding t the passage, CSFS fficials may agree that______.
A. the weather factr was blamed fr the fire
B. fire crews’ carelessness led t the fire
C. burning wd in the frest will be banned
D. firefighters shuld be present when the burn was started
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知山火的原因很可能是大风、高温和干燥。故科罗拉多州林务局的官员认为这次火灾要归咎于天气。
3. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Hundreds f peple were injured in the wildfire.
B. The wildfire was an unexpected event.
C. N measures were taken t cntrl the burn.
D. The wildfire has been cmpletely put ut.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句的内容可知此次山火得到了完全遏制, 市民可以返回家园了。
4. Where can the article prbably appear?
A. In a TV guide. B. In a newspaper.
C. In a science bk. D. In a tur bklet.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章主要介绍了发生在科罗拉多州丹佛市西南山区的一次大火引发的自然灾害并分析了起火的原因及灭火情况。故文章可能是新闻报道。
B
Scientists think that a weather pattern called El Nin (厄尔尼诺现象) caused the drught in Australia. El Nin causes different weather in different parts f the wrld. It causes a lt f rain and flds in sme places. It causes drughts in ther places. Drughts can badly affect peple and the land. El Nin lasts abut a year.
In nrmal weather cnditins, warm winds frm Suth America blw frm east t west acrss the Pacific Ocean. The winds early take strms t Australia. These strms bring rain t Australia.
During an El Nin weather pattern, the winds change directin. They blw frm west t east acrss the Pacific Ocean. The strms n lnger mve acrss Australia. S Australia gets very little rain during El Nin.
The drught began in January, 1982. El Nin ften ccurs at this time f year. But that year, El Nin was strnger than usual. There was very little rainfall in eastern Australia. There was als very little water in the rivers. The drught was at its wrst in February, 1983. At that time, the weather was very ht. The frests and fields were very dry. Cttn grwers culdn’t plant their cttn. Sheep farmers had n grass fr their animals t eat. S many f them died. Because the frests were dry, frest fires started quickly. Sme f the fires burned fr a mnth. Many frests were destryed. Over 2, 000 peple lst their huses in the fires and 75 peple died.
The Australian drught f 1982～1983 affected thusands f peple and animals. The drught cst the cuntry ver $3, 000, 000, 000. It was a reminder (提示) t Australians f hw the weather culd change their lives.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇报道。文章讲的是发生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亚的干旱自然灾害。
5. Frm the passage we knw El Nin is ______.
A. a weather type B. a pwerful strm
C. a place in Australia D. a kind f warm wind
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知El Nin是一种天气现象。
6. Which directin des the wind cme frm in Australia’s El Nin weather pattern?
A. Frm east. B. Frm west.
C. Frm suth. D. Frm nrth.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知在澳大利亚的厄尔尼诺天气下, 风是从西向东吹的。
7. Hw lng did the drught in Australia last?
A. Abut 3 mnths. B. Less than half a year.
C. Mre than ne year. D. Mre than tw years.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句“The drught began in January, 1982. ”和第六句“The drught was at its wrst in February, 1983. ”可知这次干旱至少持续了一年零一个月。再结合第一段最后一句可知厄尔尼诺现象一般会持续一年左右。
8. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. A drught happened in Suth America.
B. Australia gt much rain during El Nin.
C. El Nin changed the Australian’s life.
D. El Nin caused a great drught in Australia.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章第一句和最后两段的内容可知本文主要讲的是发生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亚的干旱。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
It was a cld, wet day n June 6, when 14-year-ld Wasana arrived at schl. Waiting utside his classrm fr his classmates t arrive, Wasana stared aimlessly 1 the puring rain. Then his 2 fell upn the hill that stand at the back f the classrm.
He 3 huge amunts f rainwater flwing dwn the hill, and water was als bubbling(冒泡) at the base f a large rck n the hill. Fr a few 4 , Wasana lked at the water, wndering why it lked 5 familiar.
Then it 6 him—the scene was surprisingly 7 t the pictures he was shwn during Disaster Management classes. 8 a disaster was abut t happen, Wasana waved 9 at students, shuting “Run, run, dn’t stay here! The rcks n the hill are ging t 10 n us! ”
All the students and teachers ran t the pen area that had been 11 as an emergency gathering pint. 12 , they heard screams as the huge rck rlled dwn the hill, bringing sand, rck and mud. There was 13 they culd d but watch the earth bury an entire schl.
Thanks t Wasana’s quick actin and careful bservatin, 14 was hurt in the incident. Wasana later 15 a Gld Star frm the Fundatin fr Civilian Bravery, Sri Lanka.
【语篇概述】Wasana看到山上的雨水聚集的奇怪景象, 从而联想到在灾难管理课程上学到的知识, 预知一场山体滑坡即将发生, 并及时向同学和老师发出警告, 让大家撤离到安全地带。
1. A. at B. n C. t D. in
【解析】选A。stare at 盯着……看。
2. A. thughtsB. eyesC. wrdsD. vices
【解析】选B。ne’s eyes fell n/upn smething目光落在……之上。句意: 然后, 他的目光落在了教室后面的那座山上。
3. A. thught B. lked C. nticed D. heard
【解析】选C。根据句意“他注意到有大量的雨水从山上流下来, 而且山上的一块大石头的底部也不断地有雨水咕嘟地冒出来。”可知选C, ntice注意到。
4. A. times B. minutes C. hurs D. perids
【解析】选B。此处表示, 有几分钟, Wasana 盯着(山上的)那些水, 好奇(这个场景)为何看起来如此熟悉。
5. A. s B. such C. t D. like
【解析】选A。根据句意得知, Wasana好奇(这个场景)为何看起来如此(s)熟悉, 强调以前好像看过。
6. A. hit B. drve C. pushed D. stpped
【解析】选A。it hit sb. 某人忽然想起某事, 固定用法。然后他突然想起——这个场景与他在Disaster Management 课程上所看到的图片是很相似的。
7. A. strange B. rare C. terrible D. similar
【解析】选D。根据上下文可知, 这个场景与他在灾害管理课程上所看到的图片是很相似的。
8. A. Rejecting B. Fearing C. Scaring D. Aviding
【解析】选B。看到这个场景之后, Wasana应该是害怕(山体滑坡)灾难可能会发生, 所以他疯狂地挥舞着手臂, 警告其他人, 快跑! 快跑! 不要待在这里! 山上的石头就要滚落下来, 会砸到我们的! 故选Fearing, 作伴随状语。
9. A. angrily B. sadly C. excitedly D. wildly
【解析】选D。千钧一发之际, Wasana当然是疯狂地(wildly)挥舞着手臂。
10. A. beat B. mve C. fall D. dive
【解析】选C。这句话的主语是“The rcks n the hill”, 所以表达的是山上的石头很可能会滚落下来。
11. A. put away B. set aside
C. brught frth D. taken apart
【解析】选B。根据句意“所有的学生和老师(立即)跑到外面的一个空旷地区, 这个地方是早就“留出”作应急之用的聚集场所。”可知, 用 set aside“(为以后的某种用途)留出”。put away收起, 将……放回原处; bring frth生, 引起; take apart拆卸, 拆开。
12. A. Just then B. In shrt
C. In gd time D. As a result
【解析】选A。句意: 就在所有同学和老师都跑到安全地带的“那一刻”, 他们听到巨石裹挟着沙子、石头和泥浆从山顶呼啸而下(山体滑玻的场景)。强调正在那时。
13. A. smethingB. much
C. anythingD. nthing
【解析】选D。当他们看着整个校区被尘土淹没时, 他们都无能为力(什么事情都不能做)。
14. A. everybdy B. smebdy
C. anybdy D. nbdy
【解析】选D。根据上文老师和学生都跑出来了, 所以断定没有人在事故中受伤。
15. A. received B. accepted C. bught D. hnred
【解析】选A。根据句意可知, Wasana获得了斯里兰卡的见义勇为基金会颁发的金星奖。D选项需要用被动形式, 故排除。
【技法导练】通览全文, 了解大意
完形填空题型主要测试同学们在语篇层面上综合运用语言的能力, 在解答试题之前应快速阅读全文, 抓住文章的主题, 搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系。一般说来, 通读的关键是弄清第一句(往往点明主题, 且是没留空白的完整句)和最后一句(往往总结、概括全文)。另外, 在浏览全文的时候, 要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件, 即wh, when, where, what。比如上面的这篇完形填空, 最后一段“Thanks t Wasana’s quick actin and careful bservatin, ______was hurt in the incident. Wasana later ______a Gld Star frm the Fundatin fr Civilian Bravery, Sri Lanka. ”就是文章的中心所在。14题可以推断出是无人受伤, 15题进而得知他被授予了奖项。这些都和文章中心紧密关联。
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