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高中Unit 3 The internet单元测试练习题
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这是一份高中Unit 3 The internet单元测试练习题，共17页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空，读后续写，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 3 The Internet B卷
一、阅读理解
1. Life in the Internet age is lonely—or is it? That's what experts in human interaction are debating after a new Stanford University survey has been published.
According to the study, the more time people spend online, the less they can spare for reallife relationships with family and friends. The researchers asked 113 people about the Web's influence on daily activities. 36% of those people are online for more than five hours a week. "As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating(孤立的) effect on society," says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers.
Scholars and Web lovers criticized the study for stretching its data to make the "isolating" point. While 13% of regular Web users admitted the loss of time with loved ones, 60% reported watching less TV. The survey also shows that email is the most popular online activity. If some of webheads(网虫) spend what was once passive TV time keeping company with friends via emails, "that's a move towards greater connectedness," says Paul Resnick, a professor at the University of Michigan.
This isn't the first claim that the Web should be criticized. A 1998 report monitored 73 Pittsburgh-area families' Net use for a year. People who used the Internet more "talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed," says Robert Kraut.
"It's true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past decades, but those declines began before the Internet was invented," says Thomas Putnam.
As Amitay Etzioni says, the Internet gives us a different kind of social life—not better or worse than before, but just different.
(1).Who claimed that the Web had negative influence?
A.Robert Kraut. B.Paul Resnick.
C.Thomas Putnam. D.Amitay Etzioni.
(2).The underlined word "This" in Para. 4 refers to _______.
A.the study conducted by Stanford University
B.the survey made by the University of Michigan
C.the conclusion in a report written in 1998
D.the opinion expressed in Bowling Alone
(3).From the passage we learn that _______.
A.watching TV used to take time away from staying online
B.36 % of Web users spend more than five hours a week online
C.the Web was blamed more than once for causing an isolating effect
D.the Web has the same influence as telephones and televisions
2.What Is Social Media?
Not many people ask the question "What is social media?" anymore. Social media has been around for years now, and most of us would probably describe it as any Internet medium that can be used to share information with others, including blogs, forums, applications, games, websites and other stuff.
But let me ask you this: what exactly is so "social" about sitting before a computer setting up a blog and blogging for days without anybody reading it, or scrolling through your Facebook feed of information from 500 friends you barely know? If you ask me, it can be way more antisocial than anything.
Social media is not a "thing". It's not just Facebook, WeChat and Weibo. It's more of a frame of mind and a state of being. It's about how you use it to improve your relationships with other people in real life. However, we tend to rely on technology and social media so much that it can actually tear apart those relationships.
Social media isn't about numbers. When someone says "social media", web giants like Facebook, Twitter, WeChat and Weibo instantly pop into our minds, often because they have more updates, more friends, more followers, more links, more photos and more everything. We tend to get distracted by the number game, thinking "volume, volume, volume". It leads to a lot of meaningless noise and information overload. As the old saying goes, quality over quantity is usually the way to go. So, social media is not just about lots of people aimlessly spreading lots of information.
Social media needs to have an "IRL" factor—an Internet slang standing for "In Real Life". It should affect how a person thinks or acts offline. After all, social media shouldn't be an end in itself. It was built to enhance your actual social life, in real life. Take for example an event that a person attends because he is invited by the host on Facebook through a Facebook event page. Something like that definitely has the IRL factor. Likewise, a WeChat photo that touches someone so much that they feel the need to bring it up and describe it to someone else during a dinner date also has the IRL factor.
So, is it really considered to be social to spend an hour scrolling through photos on Weibo, with no thoughtful or emotional effect and no interaction with others? In fact, there is no wall between real life and Internet life where true social media exists. Social media is not a specific place on the Internet or just a thing you use to see what other people are doing. It's all about creating meaningful experiences and relationships wherever you may be.
1.What does the underlined phrase "tear apart" in Paragraph 3 mean in the text?
A.Destroy.
B.Change.
C.Continue.
D. Strengthen.
2.The writer thinks that social media should be _______.
A.a number of websites where people communicate
B.a set of social tools like Facebook, WeChat and Weibo
C.a collection of online applications where ideas are exchanged
D.a group name for online platforms used to strengthen meaningful relationships
3.According to the author, which of the following cases has an IRL factor?
A.Updating Facebook on a regular basis.
B.Following new friends in real life on Facebook.
C.Visiting a museum with friends after reading a story on Weibo.
D.Reading Twitter to see what other people are doing and thinking about.
4.What is the authors purpose of writing this article?
A.To explain the importance of social media.
B.To inform the negative effects of social media.
C.To call on readers to use social media to promote real social life.
D.To encourage readers to interact with others in real life more often.
3. Today almost everyone knows computers and the Internet. If I ask you what is the most important in your life, maybe you will say computers and the Internet.
The first computer was made in 1946. It was very big but it worked slowly. Today computers are getting smaller and smaller. But they work faster and faster. What can computers do? A writer has said, "People can't live without computers today."
The Internet came a little later than computers. It is about twenty-five years later than computers. But now it can be found almost everywhere. We can use it to read books, write letters, do shopping, play games or make friends.
Many students like the Internet very much. They often surf the Internet as soon as they are free. They make friends on the Internet and maybe they have never seen these friends. They don't know their real names, ages, and even sex(性别). They are so interested in making the "unreal friends" that they can't put their hearts into study. Many of them can't catch up with others on many subjects because of that.
We can use computers and the Internet to learn more about the world. But at the same time, we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the Internet.
(1).The Internet can not be used for _______.
A.studying B.shopping
C.thinking D.playing
2.When the first computer was invented, it was _______.
A.large and worked quickly
B.small and worked slowly
C.large but worked slowly
D.small but worked quickly
3.The Internet was born in about _______.
A.1960 B.1970
C.1980 D.1985
4.What does the writer think of the Internet?
A.It is terrible.
B.It can make students study harder.
C.It is not good for students.
D.It is helpful, but we can't do everything on it.
4.For many kids, the Internet is at their fingertips. From computers to smartphones, a web of information is open to them. According to a new report from the Pew Research Centre, about three out of four kids aged 12 to 15 connect the Internet using a mobile device from time to time. Many younger kids are online too.
Julian Zeitlinger, 9, from New Jersey, uses his computer to watch videos and play games. To keep him safe online, his parents monitor his web use and discuss Internet safety with him. "I ask my parents if something is wrong." Julian says. Mobile devices offer more ways than ever to share personal information. The information can be dangerous in the wrong hands. A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience.
Have you ever had to enter a parent's e-mail address when signing up for a website? That safety measure is there because of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The law says sites for kids under 13 cannot collect personal information, such as a phone number or full name, without a parent's permission.
This July, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will update COPPA for the first time since the law was created in 1998 when there were no smartphones. "The nature of the way kids get online has changed," FTC lawyer Phyllis Marcus said. When the changes take effect,COPPA will apply to(适用于) mobile devices and newer forms of advertising. It will expand what falls under "personal information" to include videos, photographs and services that give out users' location.
COPPA doesn't cover everything that can go wrong online. That's why kids and parents need to know what to look out for and to stop and think before sharing information online.
"There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA, it is totally safe," says privacy expert Shai Samet. He runs KidSAFE, which checks if a site meets KidSAFE standards and is safe. "It's important that kids know how useful the Internet is but that it can also be dangerous if you are not careful," he adds.
1.Julian's parents check his web use to make sure _______.
A.he doesn't watch too many videos B.he doesn't play computer games
C.he stays safe on the Internet D.he controls his online time
2.How does the author explain children's unpleasant online experiences?
A.By describing his own experiences. B.By presenting scientific research.
C.By showing differences. D.By using examples.
3.People often hold the wrong idea that _______.
A.formal weteites are always safe B.the Internet is becoming safer and safer
C.COPPA can ensure their complete safety D.daily checks prevent future online problems
4.What's the main purpose of the text?
A.To ask parents to look out for their kids. B.To tell people to be careful online.
C.To offer tips on online safety. D.To introduce an online law.
二、七选五
5.How to Develop Courage by Overcoming Daily Fears
Sometimes when thinking of courage, we think it only applies to rare and uncommon situations. Yet our ordinary lives can also be full of courage, even if we are not facing the end of a gun, a wild animal or a dangerous criminal. Courage doesn't just mean doing heroic acts. ①________ In fact, where there is fear on a daily basis, there are opportunities for you to show your courage. Here are some suggestions to develop courage by overcoming daily fears.
Recognising your fears.
By realising that you are fearful, you're more likely to get to the bottom of what your fear is. ②________ You might come to understand that you're afraid of failing or taking chances. You may be fearful simply because you don't have confidence in yourself. The key is not to dwell on your fear, but rather to understand what it is that you're worried about.
Ask yourself what is the worst that can happen.
If you hesitate to take action, ask yourself this: What's the worst that can happen? Then prepare to accept it. Then go on to improve on the worst. Is failure the worst thing that can happen? No, absolutely not. ③________ Doing nothing is actually the worst thing that can happen. When you take no action, you are assured of getting nowhere.
Take action.
Courage comes from taking action. ④________ You need to act to overcome your fear. Your action may put you into discomfort, but you just have to do it. And your action can prevent you from being stuck.
⑤________
To build up your confidence, you need to do the same thing over and over again. Soon you will discover that less courage is needed because you have already gained mastery. You are able to move decisively forward.
A. Share your fear with others.
B. Practise, practise and practise.
G. So you are already in a comfort zone.
D. You cannot think courage comes just in one day.
E. Each undesired result is just one more step towards your goal.
F. Find out what is truly holding you back.
G. You needn't wait for an emergency to occur to develop courage.
三、完形填空（15空）
6.在下面的每一个空白处都有四个单词或短语,分别标上A、B、C和D。用最符合上下文的单词或短语填空。
The networked computer is an amazing device. It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff), means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network), site of 1 (you can download stuff and interact with it), and place of praise and criticism (you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). 2 , the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine.
But for all the reasons there are to 3 the computer, we must also act with caution. This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active 4 —whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies. Humans are 5 in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous(过剩的) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). 6 , it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but 7 to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity.
Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still 8 download mode, brought about by television watching. Even after the 9 of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just 10 .
The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to 11 the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete 12 from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model. This is a historic opportunity. Fifty years of television dominance has given birth to an unhealthy culture. The 13 is now in our collective grasp. It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and 14 our levels of activity—uploading.
Of course people will still download. Nobody uploads more than a tiny percentage of the culture they consume. But using the networked computer as a download-only device, or even a download-mainly device, is a 15 opportunity that history affords us. Therefore, the goal must be to establish a balance between consumption and production.
1.A.celebration B.conversations C.reception D.ceremonies
2.A.Without doubt B.In return C.In particular D.By contrast
3.A.liberate B.celebrate C.concern D.reject
4.A.request B.support C.defense D.creation
5.A.unique B.familiar C.efficient D.loyal
6.A.In addition B.In fact C.For instance D.By the way
7.A.striving B.comparing C.failing D.attempting
8.A.optimistic about B.unfamiliar with C.stuck in D.ashamed of
9.A.transformation B.emergence C.encounter D.maintenance
10.A.consume B.neglect C.combine D.innovate
11.A.enhance B.quicken C.reverse D.extend
12.A.outcome B.exposure C.break D.evolution
13.A.puzzle B.cure C.regret D.favor
14.A.analysing B.maintaining C.featuring D.increasing
15.A.wasted B.treasured C.multiplied D.revised
四、语法填空
7.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing will carry out measures to help bridge ①_______ has become a digital divide for many older people to make sure they share in the benefits of a smart society. Given that technology brings ②_______ (convenient) to society in many ways and has become widespread, such as the use of scanned codes for payment, entrance to buildings and registration, seniors who are not tech-savvy(精通科技) face ③_______ (grow) difficulty in daily life.
Li Xiaoli, ④_______ 63-year-old Beijing resident, said she once waited for 40 minutes along a street trying to hail (招呼)a cab but none ⑤_______ (stop) for her. She didn’t know how to use those car-hailing apps. Public venues are increasingly using online reservation systems, ⑥_______ (especial) since the start of COVID-19 , which presents a barrier to health , cultural and leisure facilities for the older population.
⑦_______ (help) solve difficulties facing those seniors, the Beijing city government will carry out 52 specific measures this year. An additional 37 measures ⑧_______ (take) in 2022.
“ Smart technology should serve them, instead of blocking them ⑨_______ a happier life, ” said a volunteer. He is helping to teach seniors to use smartphones and become more familiar with the internet and related services. “They need unhurried and patient ⑩_______ (explain) . That’s the way to bring them to where they can enjoy these benefits, too. There is no shortcut for caring," he said.
五、读后续写
8. The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much.
"I wish you could see him," she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. "He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do."
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. "I wish we could help him to earn money," said Clara.? "His family is suffering so much."
"So do I," said Harry. "We really should do something to assist them."
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, "I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成)."
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. "I'll tell you what we can do," said John. "You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it."
Paragraph 1:
When Mrs Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达
9. 众所周知，学生使用手机越来越普遍，但是学生使用手机的消极作用也日渐凸显。请你根据所给信息，以The negative effects of using cellphones on students为题目写一篇英语短文：
1.长时间使用手机危害身体健康，特别是视力；
2.依赖打电话、发短信，学生与亲友间很少面对面交流；
3.上课发短信、看视频，学生成绩快速下降；
4.沉迷于玩手机，学生没有时间进行体育锻炼；
5.家长和老师应该适当限制学生使用手机。
注意:
1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2.词数:80左右。
The negative effects of using cellphones on students
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.答案：(1)-(3) AAC
解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第二段的"As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating(孤立的) effect on society," says Robert Kraut可知答案为A项。
(2).词义猜测题。本句话意为"这并不是批评网络(的消极影响)的第一个论断"。This指代的是Stanford University开展的调查研究。故答案为A项。
(3).推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句话可知，因为网络使人们之间的联系减少，不止一次有人对此进行谴责，故答案为C项。
2.答案：1-4 ADCC
解析：1.词义猜测题。destroy破坏；change改变；continue继续； strengthen 加强。根据上文"It's about how you use it to improve your relationships with other people in real life."可推断，此处指 我们往往过于依赖科技和社交媒体，以至于它们实际上会破坏那些关系。tear apart意为"使分裂、分开"，故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一段中"Social media is not a specific place on the Internet or just a thing you use to see what other people are doing. It's all about creating meaningful experiences and relationships wherever you may be."可知，作者认为，社交媒体应该是用来加强有意义的关系的网络平台的统称，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"Social media needs to have an "IRL" factor—an Internet slang standing for "In Real Life". It should affect how a person thinks or acts offline. After all, social media shouldn't be an end in itself. It was built to enhance your actual social life, in real life."可推知，在微博上读了一篇故事后，和朋友一起参观博物馆含有IRL因素，故选C。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中"It's all about creating meaningful experiences and relationships wherever you may be."可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁读者利用社交媒体来促进真实的社会生活，故选C。
3.答案：1-4 CCBD
解析：(1).细节理解题。第三段最后一句提到我们可以通过互联网来看书、写信、购物、玩游戏、交友等，但未提到用互联网来思考问题。由常识也可知，互联网不能代替人类的思考。
(2).细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，第一台计算机体积大但是运行速度很慢。
(3).数字计算题。结合第二段首句及第三段第二句可知，计算机诞生于1946年，约25年之后（即1970年左右）出现互联网。
(4).细节理解题。由最后一段可知，互联网虽然功能先进，但并不是万能的。D项表述与之相符。
4.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"To keep him safe online, his parents monitor his web use and discuss Internet safety..."可知,Julian的父母监测他的上网情况是为了确保他上网安全。
2.写作手法题。根据第二段中的"A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience."可知,作者主要是通过引用研究结果来说明孩子们不愉快的上网经历。
3.推理判断题,根据最后一段中的"There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA. it is totally safe"可知,人们认为遵循COPPA法案的网站可以确保他们上网的绝对安全,但这是错误的观念。
4.写作意图题。通读全文可知,由于上网的方式在发生改变,所以确保上网安全的法案也要进行更新调整,特别是文章最后一句中的"it can also be dangerous if you are not careful"点明文章主旨,即告诫人们在上网时应该小心谨慎,故B项符合题意。
5.答案：GFEDB
解析：本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中给出了几条增强勇气的建议。
①由空前的"Courage doesn't just mean doing heroic acts."可知,勇气不仅意味着做些英雄举动,与此语境吻合的应为G项“你不必等到有紧急状况发生时再拿出勇气”。
②该段是作者给出的第一条建议——认清你的恐惧。浏览各选项,只有F项“弄清楚是什么真正使你犹豫不前”与此语境吻合。
③根据空前后语境“失败是最坏的结果吗?不,当然不是……什么都不做才真正是能发生的最坏的事情”,并浏览各选项可知能插在这两个句子之间的只有E项“每次不如意的结果不过是离你的目标又近了一步”。
④该段给出的建议是采取行动。空前后写道“勇气来源于行动……你需要用行动来克服恐惧”,故该空选D项“你不能认为勇气只在一天内就拥有了”。
⑤该段讲的是要不断地做同样的事情才能增强自信,适合做该段小标题的只有B项“练习,练习,再练习”。
6.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D; 5.A; 6.B; 7.C; 8.C; 9.B; 10.A; 11.C; 12.C; 13.B; 14.D; 15.A
解析：1.考查名词。根据上下文内容可知,It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff), means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network), site of (you can download stuff and interact with it), and place of praise and criticism (you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). 句意为这是第一台用作生产方式(可以制作东西),分发方式(可以将东西上传到网络),接收站点可以下载并与之交互的媒体机,以及赞誉场所和批评(您可以对下载或上传的内容进行评论)。A. celebration 庆祝;B. conversations 对话;C. reception 接待;D. ceremonies 仪式。
2.考查短语。根据上下文内容可知,In return, the computer is the 21st century's culture machine. 句意为作为回报,计算机是21世纪的文化机器。A. Without doubt 毫无疑问;B. In return 作为回报;C. In particular 尤其;D. By contrast 相反。
3.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,But for all the reasons there are to the computer, we must also act with caution. 句意为但是出于庆祝计算机的种种原因,我们也必须谨慎行事。A. liberate 解放;B. celebrate 庆祝;C. concern 关注;D. reject 拒绝。
4.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active —whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. 句意为这是因为网络计算机在被动消费和主动创建之间已经开始了下载和上传之间的秘密战争,其结果将以我们只能开始想象的方式塑造我们的集体未来。A. request 请求;B. support 支持;C. defense 冒犯;D. creation 标准。
5.考查形容词。根据上下文内容可知,Humans are in their capacity to not only make tools 句意为人类具有独特的能力,他们不仅可以制造工具,还可以转身使用它们来创造多余的(过剩的)物质商品(绘画,雕塑和建筑)和多余的体验(音乐,文学,宗教和哲学)。A. unique 独一无二的;B. familiar 熟悉的;C. efficient 效率高的;D. loyal 忠诚的。
6.考查短语。根据上下文内容可知,In fact, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. 句意为事实上,正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化,最终定义了人类的文化。A. In addition 另外;B. In fact 事实上;C. For instance 例如;D. By the way 顺便。
7.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity. 句意为下载和消费文化需要高超的技能,但是不能超越下载范围就是抢夺人类的决定性成分。A. striving 奋斗;B. comparing 比较;C. failing 失败;D. ceremonies 仪式。
8.考查短语。根据上下文内容可知,Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still download mode, brought about by television watching. 句意为尽管我们的新文化机器有可能,但大多数人仍停留在电视观看带来的下载模式下。A. optimistic about 感到乐观;B. unfamiliar with 不熟悉;C. stuck in 陷入;D. ashamed of 感到羞愧。
9.考查名词。Even after the of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just .句意为即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后,生产金字塔仍然存在,少数人上载材料,稍大一些的小组对内容进行评论或修改,并且仍然有很大一部分人满足于消费。A. transformation 转化;B. emergence 出现;C. encounter 致使;D. maintenance 坚持。
10.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知, Even after the of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just . 句意为即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后,生产金字塔仍然存在,少数人上载材料,稍大一些的小组对内容进行评论或修改,并且仍然有很大一部分人满足于消费。A. consume 消费;B. neglect 忽视;C. combine 结合;D. innovate 创新。
11.考查名词。根据上下文内容可知,The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. 句意为联网计算机是50年来第一个机会来扭转电视收看带来的流量,鼓励进行有思想的下载,更重要的是,有意义的上传。A. enhance 提高;B. quicken 加快;C. reverse 扭转;D. extend 延伸。
12.考查名词。根据上下文内容可知,The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model. 句意为计算机为彻底打破电视文化和从消费模式向生产模式的转变提供了机会。A. outcome 支出;B. exposure 暴露;C. break 休息;D. evolution 演化。
13.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,The is now in our collective grasp. 句意为现在,我们共同掌握了治愈方法.它涉及控制我们的摄取或下载,并增加我们的活动负荷水平。A. puzzle 困惑;B. cure 治愈;;C. regret 后悔;D. favor 支持。
14.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and our levels of activity-uploading. 句意为现在,我们共同掌握了治愈方法。它涉及控制我们的摄取或下载,并增加我们的活动负荷水平。A. analysing 分析;B. maintaining 坚持;C. featuring 形成;D. increasing 增加。
15.考查形容词。根据上下文内容可知,But using the networked computer as a download-only device, or even a download-mainly device, is a opportunity that history affords us. 句意为但是,将网络计算机用作仅下载设备,甚至是主要下载设备,是历史给我们带来的浪费的机会。A. wasted 浪费的;B. treasured 珍贵的;C. multiplied 乘的;D. revised 修正的。
7.答案：1. what2. convenience3. growing4. a5. stopped6. especially7. To help8. will be taken9. from10. explanations
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述北京市将采取措施帮助老年人跨越智能技术的鸿沟,让他们也能享受科技带来的好处。
【小题1】考查宾语从句。句意:北京将采取措施帮助老年人跨越数字鸿沟,以确保他们也能分享智能社会的好处。分析句子可知,空处引导一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,指物,故用what引导。故填what。
【小题2】考查名词。句意:技术在许多方面给社会带来便利并且已经变得很普遍,比如用于支付、进入大楼和登记的扫描二维码,在这种情况下,不精通科技的老年人在日常生活中面临着越来越多的困难。空处应填名词作动词brings的宾语,convenience“方便,便利”是不可数名词,故填convenience。
【小题3】考查形容词。句意:技术在许多方面给社会带来便利并且已经变得很普遍,比如用于支付、进入大楼和登记的扫描二维码,在这种情况下,不精通科技的老年人在日常生活中面临着越来越多的困难。空处修饰名词difficulty,应用形容词作定语,growing意为“增加的”,故填growing。
【小题4】考查不定冠词。句意:一位63岁的北京市民李晓丽说,有一次她在街上等了40分钟,想叫一辆出租车,但没有一辆为她停下来。resident是可数名词,此处泛指“一位北京市民”,应用不定冠词,且63-year-old以辅音音素开头,故填a。
【小题5】考查时态。句意:一位63岁的北京市民李晓丽说,有一次她在街上等了40分钟,想叫一辆出租车,但没有一辆停下来载她。结合said可知,此处是讲述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填stopped。
【小题6】考查副词。句意:公共场所越来越多地使用网上预约系统,尤其是自新冠肺炎爆发以来,这对老年人的健康、文化和休闲设施构成了障碍。空处应用副词作状语,故填especially。
【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助解决老年人面临的这些困难,北京市政府今年将实施52种特定的措施。结合句意可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语,首字母应大写。故填To help。
【小题8】考查时态和语态。句意:2022年将采取额外的37项措施。主语measures 和谓语动词take之间是被动关系,由时间状语in 2022可知,此处应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填will be taken。
【小题9】考查介词。句意:一位志愿者说:“智能技术应该为他们服务,而不是阻止他们过上更幸福的生活。”block sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,是固定短语。故填from。
【小题10】考查名词复数。句意:他们需要不慌不忙和耐心的解释。空处应填名词作宾语,explanation是可数名词,结合语境可知,此处应用复数形式。故填explanations。
8.答案：
When Mrs Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. So, they went to the local supermarket together. They bought a bag of corn and some special bags for popcorn. ①When they got home, they made a lot of popcorn and put it in the special bags. With the popcorn, they went to Bernard's home. They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn. Bernard and his parents were very grateful. And the Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. He took the popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn. He earned a lot of money. Then, he wanted to be self-dependent. ②Therefore, he asked Mrs Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn. After that, not only did he sell popcorn, but he also added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better. Bernard grew up to be a remarkable man. He did not forget the help of Meredith's family, and he also did what he could to help those in need.
解析：
9.答案：
The negative effects of using cellphones on students
As we all know, more and more students use cellphones in school nowadays. Though a cellphone is a useful tool, it could have lots of negative effects on students.
Firstly, using cellphones for a long time does harm to students' health, especially to their eyesight. Secondly, by making calls and sending messages, students seldom communicate with relatives and friends face to face. Thirdly, some students send messages or watch videos instead of listening to teachers in class. As a result, their school grades go down rapidly. Last but not least, students who play with cellphones often have less time to play sports.
Therefore, parents and teachers should limit children's using cellphones.
Unit 3 The Internet B卷
一、阅读理解
1. Life in the Internet age is lonely—or is it? That's what experts in human interaction are debating after a new Stanford University survey has been published.
According to the study, the more time people spend online, the less they can spare for reallife relationships with family and friends. The researchers asked 113 people about the Web's influence on daily activities. 36% of those people are online for more than five hours a week. "As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating(孤立的) effect on society," says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers.
Scholars and Web lovers criticized the study for stretching its data to make the "isolating" point. While 13% of regular Web users admitted the loss of time with loved ones, 60% reported watching less TV. The survey also shows that email is the most popular online activity. If some of webheads(网虫) spend what was once passive TV time keeping company with friends via emails, "that's a move towards greater connectedness," says Paul Resnick, a professor at the University of Michigan.
This isn't the first claim that the Web should be criticized. A 1998 report monitored 73 Pittsburgh-area families' Net use for a year. People who used the Internet more "talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed," says Robert Kraut.
"It's true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past decades, but those declines began before the Internet was invented," says Thomas Putnam.
As Amitay Etzioni says, the Internet gives us a different kind of social life—not better or worse than before, but just different.
(1).Who claimed that the Web had negative influence?
A.Robert Kraut. B.Paul Resnick.
C.Thomas Putnam. D.Amitay Etzioni.
(2).The underlined word "This" in Para. 4 refers to _______.
A.the study conducted by Stanford University
B.the survey made by the University of Michigan
C.the conclusion in a report written in 1998
D.the opinion expressed in Bowling Alone
(3).From the passage we learn that _______.
A.watching TV used to take time away from staying online
B.36 % of Web users spend more than five hours a week online
C.the Web was blamed more than once for causing an isolating effect
D.the Web has the same influence as telephones and televisions
2.What Is Social Media?
Not many people ask the question "What is social media?" anymore. Social media has been around for years now, and most of us would probably describe it as any Internet medium that can be used to share information with others, including blogs, forums, applications, games, websites and other stuff.
But let me ask you this: what exactly is so "social" about sitting before a computer setting up a blog and blogging for days without anybody reading it, or scrolling through your Facebook feed of information from 500 friends you barely know? If you ask me, it can be way more antisocial than anything.
Social media is not a "thing". It's not just Facebook, WeChat and Weibo. It's more of a frame of mind and a state of being. It's about how you use it to improve your relationships with other people in real life. However, we tend to rely on technology and social media so much that it can actually tear apart those relationships.
Social media isn't about numbers. When someone says "social media", web giants like Facebook, Twitter, WeChat and Weibo instantly pop into our minds, often because they have more updates, more friends, more followers, more links, more photos and more everything. We tend to get distracted by the number game, thinking "volume, volume, volume". It leads to a lot of meaningless noise and information overload. As the old saying goes, quality over quantity is usually the way to go. So, social media is not just about lots of people aimlessly spreading lots of information.
Social media needs to have an "IRL" factor—an Internet slang standing for "In Real Life". It should affect how a person thinks or acts offline. After all, social media shouldn't be an end in itself. It was built to enhance your actual social life, in real life. Take for example an event that a person attends because he is invited by the host on Facebook through a Facebook event page. Something like that definitely has the IRL factor. Likewise, a WeChat photo that touches someone so much that they feel the need to bring it up and describe it to someone else during a dinner date also has the IRL factor.
So, is it really considered to be social to spend an hour scrolling through photos on Weibo, with no thoughtful or emotional effect and no interaction with others? In fact, there is no wall between real life and Internet life where true social media exists. Social media is not a specific place on the Internet or just a thing you use to see what other people are doing. It's all about creating meaningful experiences and relationships wherever you may be.
1.What does the underlined phrase "tear apart" in Paragraph 3 mean in the text?
A.Destroy.
B.Change.
C.Continue.
D. Strengthen.
2.The writer thinks that social media should be _______.
A.a number of websites where people communicate
B.a set of social tools like Facebook, WeChat and Weibo
C.a collection of online applications where ideas are exchanged
D.a group name for online platforms used to strengthen meaningful relationships
3.According to the author, which of the following cases has an IRL factor?
A.Updating Facebook on a regular basis.
B.Following new friends in real life on Facebook.
C.Visiting a museum with friends after reading a story on Weibo.
D.Reading Twitter to see what other people are doing and thinking about.
4.What is the authors purpose of writing this article?
A.To explain the importance of social media.
B.To inform the negative effects of social media.
C.To call on readers to use social media to promote real social life.
D.To encourage readers to interact with others in real life more often.
3. Today almost everyone knows computers and the Internet. If I ask you what is the most important in your life, maybe you will say computers and the Internet.
The first computer was made in 1946. It was very big but it worked slowly. Today computers are getting smaller and smaller. But they work faster and faster. What can computers do? A writer has said, "People can't live without computers today."
The Internet came a little later than computers. It is about twenty-five years later than computers. But now it can be found almost everywhere. We can use it to read books, write letters, do shopping, play games or make friends.
Many students like the Internet very much. They often surf the Internet as soon as they are free. They make friends on the Internet and maybe they have never seen these friends. They don't know their real names, ages, and even sex(性别). They are so interested in making the "unreal friends" that they can't put their hearts into study. Many of them can't catch up with others on many subjects because of that.
We can use computers and the Internet to learn more about the world. But at the same time, we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the Internet.
(1).The Internet can not be used for _______.
A.studying B.shopping
C.thinking D.playing
2.When the first computer was invented, it was _______.
A.large and worked quickly
B.small and worked slowly
C.large but worked slowly
D.small but worked quickly
3.The Internet was born in about _______.
A.1960 B.1970
C.1980 D.1985
4.What does the writer think of the Internet?
A.It is terrible.
B.It can make students study harder.
C.It is not good for students.
D.It is helpful, but we can't do everything on it.
4.For many kids, the Internet is at their fingertips. From computers to smartphones, a web of information is open to them. According to a new report from the Pew Research Centre, about three out of four kids aged 12 to 15 connect the Internet using a mobile device from time to time. Many younger kids are online too.
Julian Zeitlinger, 9, from New Jersey, uses his computer to watch videos and play games. To keep him safe online, his parents monitor his web use and discuss Internet safety with him. "I ask my parents if something is wrong." Julian says. Mobile devices offer more ways than ever to share personal information. The information can be dangerous in the wrong hands. A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience.
Have you ever had to enter a parent's e-mail address when signing up for a website? That safety measure is there because of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The law says sites for kids under 13 cannot collect personal information, such as a phone number or full name, without a parent's permission.
This July, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will update COPPA for the first time since the law was created in 1998 when there were no smartphones. "The nature of the way kids get online has changed," FTC lawyer Phyllis Marcus said. When the changes take effect,COPPA will apply to(适用于) mobile devices and newer forms of advertising. It will expand what falls under "personal information" to include videos, photographs and services that give out users' location.
COPPA doesn't cover everything that can go wrong online. That's why kids and parents need to know what to look out for and to stop and think before sharing information online.
"There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA, it is totally safe," says privacy expert Shai Samet. He runs KidSAFE, which checks if a site meets KidSAFE standards and is safe. "It's important that kids know how useful the Internet is but that it can also be dangerous if you are not careful," he adds.
1.Julian's parents check his web use to make sure _______.
A.he doesn't watch too many videos B.he doesn't play computer games
C.he stays safe on the Internet D.he controls his online time
2.How does the author explain children's unpleasant online experiences?
A.By describing his own experiences. B.By presenting scientific research.
C.By showing differences. D.By using examples.
3.People often hold the wrong idea that _______.
A.formal weteites are always safe B.the Internet is becoming safer and safer
C.COPPA can ensure their complete safety D.daily checks prevent future online problems
4.What's the main purpose of the text?
A.To ask parents to look out for their kids. B.To tell people to be careful online.
C.To offer tips on online safety. D.To introduce an online law.
二、七选五
5.How to Develop Courage by Overcoming Daily Fears
Sometimes when thinking of courage, we think it only applies to rare and uncommon situations. Yet our ordinary lives can also be full of courage, even if we are not facing the end of a gun, a wild animal or a dangerous criminal. Courage doesn't just mean doing heroic acts. ①________ In fact, where there is fear on a daily basis, there are opportunities for you to show your courage. Here are some suggestions to develop courage by overcoming daily fears.
Recognising your fears.
By realising that you are fearful, you're more likely to get to the bottom of what your fear is. ②________ You might come to understand that you're afraid of failing or taking chances. You may be fearful simply because you don't have confidence in yourself. The key is not to dwell on your fear, but rather to understand what it is that you're worried about.
Ask yourself what is the worst that can happen.
If you hesitate to take action, ask yourself this: What's the worst that can happen? Then prepare to accept it. Then go on to improve on the worst. Is failure the worst thing that can happen? No, absolutely not. ③________ Doing nothing is actually the worst thing that can happen. When you take no action, you are assured of getting nowhere.
Take action.
Courage comes from taking action. ④________ You need to act to overcome your fear. Your action may put you into discomfort, but you just have to do it. And your action can prevent you from being stuck.
⑤________
To build up your confidence, you need to do the same thing over and over again. Soon you will discover that less courage is needed because you have already gained mastery. You are able to move decisively forward.
A. Share your fear with others.
B. Practise, practise and practise.
G. So you are already in a comfort zone.
D. You cannot think courage comes just in one day.
E. Each undesired result is just one more step towards your goal.
F. Find out what is truly holding you back.
G. You needn't wait for an emergency to occur to develop courage.
三、完形填空（15空）
6.在下面的每一个空白处都有四个单词或短语,分别标上A、B、C和D。用最符合上下文的单词或短语填空。
The networked computer is an amazing device. It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff), means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network), site of 1 (you can download stuff and interact with it), and place of praise and criticism (you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). 2 , the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine.
But for all the reasons there are to 3 the computer, we must also act with caution. This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active 4 —whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies. Humans are 5 in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous(过剩的) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). 6 , it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but 7 to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity.
Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still 8 download mode, brought about by television watching. Even after the 9 of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just 10 .
The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to 11 the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete 12 from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model. This is a historic opportunity. Fifty years of television dominance has given birth to an unhealthy culture. The 13 is now in our collective grasp. It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and 14 our levels of activity—uploading.
Of course people will still download. Nobody uploads more than a tiny percentage of the culture they consume. But using the networked computer as a download-only device, or even a download-mainly device, is a 15 opportunity that history affords us. Therefore, the goal must be to establish a balance between consumption and production.
1.A.celebration B.conversations C.reception D.ceremonies
2.A.Without doubt B.In return C.In particular D.By contrast
3.A.liberate B.celebrate C.concern D.reject
4.A.request B.support C.defense D.creation
5.A.unique B.familiar C.efficient D.loyal
6.A.In addition B.In fact C.For instance D.By the way
7.A.striving B.comparing C.failing D.attempting
8.A.optimistic about B.unfamiliar with C.stuck in D.ashamed of
9.A.transformation B.emergence C.encounter D.maintenance
10.A.consume B.neglect C.combine D.innovate
11.A.enhance B.quicken C.reverse D.extend
12.A.outcome B.exposure C.break D.evolution
13.A.puzzle B.cure C.regret D.favor
14.A.analysing B.maintaining C.featuring D.increasing
15.A.wasted B.treasured C.multiplied D.revised
四、语法填空
7.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing will carry out measures to help bridge ①_______ has become a digital divide for many older people to make sure they share in the benefits of a smart society. Given that technology brings ②_______ (convenient) to society in many ways and has become widespread, such as the use of scanned codes for payment, entrance to buildings and registration, seniors who are not tech-savvy(精通科技) face ③_______ (grow) difficulty in daily life.
Li Xiaoli, ④_______ 63-year-old Beijing resident, said she once waited for 40 minutes along a street trying to hail (招呼)a cab but none ⑤_______ (stop) for her. She didn’t know how to use those car-hailing apps. Public venues are increasingly using online reservation systems, ⑥_______ (especial) since the start of COVID-19 , which presents a barrier to health , cultural and leisure facilities for the older population.
⑦_______ (help) solve difficulties facing those seniors, the Beijing city government will carry out 52 specific measures this year. An additional 37 measures ⑧_______ (take) in 2022.
“ Smart technology should serve them, instead of blocking them ⑨_______ a happier life, ” said a volunteer. He is helping to teach seniors to use smartphones and become more familiar with the internet and related services. “They need unhurried and patient ⑩_______ (explain) . That’s the way to bring them to where they can enjoy these benefits, too. There is no shortcut for caring," he said.
五、读后续写
8. The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much.
"I wish you could see him," she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. "He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do."
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. "I wish we could help him to earn money," said Clara.? "His family is suffering so much."
"So do I," said Harry. "We really should do something to assist them."
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, "I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成)."
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. "I'll tell you what we can do," said John. "You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it."
Paragraph 1:
When Mrs Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达
9. 众所周知，学生使用手机越来越普遍，但是学生使用手机的消极作用也日渐凸显。请你根据所给信息，以The negative effects of using cellphones on students为题目写一篇英语短文：
1.长时间使用手机危害身体健康，特别是视力；
2.依赖打电话、发短信，学生与亲友间很少面对面交流；
3.上课发短信、看视频，学生成绩快速下降；
4.沉迷于玩手机，学生没有时间进行体育锻炼；
5.家长和老师应该适当限制学生使用手机。
注意:
1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2.词数:80左右。
The negative effects of using cellphones on students
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.答案：(1)-(3) AAC
解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第二段的"As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating(孤立的) effect on society," says Robert Kraut可知答案为A项。
(2).词义猜测题。本句话意为"这并不是批评网络(的消极影响)的第一个论断"。This指代的是Stanford University开展的调查研究。故答案为A项。
(3).推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句话可知，因为网络使人们之间的联系减少，不止一次有人对此进行谴责，故答案为C项。
2.答案：1-4 ADCC
解析：1.词义猜测题。destroy破坏；change改变；continue继续； strengthen 加强。根据上文"It's about how you use it to improve your relationships with other people in real life."可推断，此处指 我们往往过于依赖科技和社交媒体，以至于它们实际上会破坏那些关系。tear apart意为"使分裂、分开"，故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一段中"Social media is not a specific place on the Internet or just a thing you use to see what other people are doing. It's all about creating meaningful experiences and relationships wherever you may be."可知，作者认为，社交媒体应该是用来加强有意义的关系的网络平台的统称，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"Social media needs to have an "IRL" factor—an Internet slang standing for "In Real Life". It should affect how a person thinks or acts offline. After all, social media shouldn't be an end in itself. It was built to enhance your actual social life, in real life."可推知，在微博上读了一篇故事后，和朋友一起参观博物馆含有IRL因素，故选C。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中"It's all about creating meaningful experiences and relationships wherever you may be."可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁读者利用社交媒体来促进真实的社会生活，故选C。
3.答案：1-4 CCBD
解析：(1).细节理解题。第三段最后一句提到我们可以通过互联网来看书、写信、购物、玩游戏、交友等，但未提到用互联网来思考问题。由常识也可知，互联网不能代替人类的思考。
(2).细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，第一台计算机体积大但是运行速度很慢。
(3).数字计算题。结合第二段首句及第三段第二句可知，计算机诞生于1946年，约25年之后（即1970年左右）出现互联网。
(4).细节理解题。由最后一段可知，互联网虽然功能先进，但并不是万能的。D项表述与之相符。
4.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"To keep him safe online, his parents monitor his web use and discuss Internet safety..."可知,Julian的父母监测他的上网情况是为了确保他上网安全。
2.写作手法题。根据第二段中的"A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience."可知,作者主要是通过引用研究结果来说明孩子们不愉快的上网经历。
3.推理判断题,根据最后一段中的"There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA. it is totally safe"可知,人们认为遵循COPPA法案的网站可以确保他们上网的绝对安全,但这是错误的观念。
4.写作意图题。通读全文可知,由于上网的方式在发生改变,所以确保上网安全的法案也要进行更新调整,特别是文章最后一句中的"it can also be dangerous if you are not careful"点明文章主旨,即告诫人们在上网时应该小心谨慎,故B项符合题意。
5.答案：GFEDB
解析：本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中给出了几条增强勇气的建议。
①由空前的"Courage doesn't just mean doing heroic acts."可知,勇气不仅意味着做些英雄举动,与此语境吻合的应为G项“你不必等到有紧急状况发生时再拿出勇气”。
②该段是作者给出的第一条建议——认清你的恐惧。浏览各选项,只有F项“弄清楚是什么真正使你犹豫不前”与此语境吻合。
③根据空前后语境“失败是最坏的结果吗?不,当然不是……什么都不做才真正是能发生的最坏的事情”,并浏览各选项可知能插在这两个句子之间的只有E项“每次不如意的结果不过是离你的目标又近了一步”。
④该段给出的建议是采取行动。空前后写道“勇气来源于行动……你需要用行动来克服恐惧”,故该空选D项“你不能认为勇气只在一天内就拥有了”。
⑤该段讲的是要不断地做同样的事情才能增强自信,适合做该段小标题的只有B项“练习,练习,再练习”。
6.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D; 5.A; 6.B; 7.C; 8.C; 9.B; 10.A; 11.C; 12.C; 13.B; 14.D; 15.A
解析：1.考查名词。根据上下文内容可知,It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff), means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network), site of (you can download stuff and interact with it), and place of praise and criticism (you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). 句意为这是第一台用作生产方式(可以制作东西),分发方式(可以将东西上传到网络),接收站点可以下载并与之交互的媒体机,以及赞誉场所和批评(您可以对下载或上传的内容进行评论)。A. celebration 庆祝;B. conversations 对话;C. reception 接待;D. ceremonies 仪式。
2.考查短语。根据上下文内容可知,In return, the computer is the 21st century's culture machine. 句意为作为回报,计算机是21世纪的文化机器。A. Without doubt 毫无疑问;B. In return 作为回报;C. In particular 尤其;D. By contrast 相反。
3.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,But for all the reasons there are to the computer, we must also act with caution. 句意为但是出于庆祝计算机的种种原因,我们也必须谨慎行事。A. liberate 解放;B. celebrate 庆祝;C. concern 关注;D. reject 拒绝。
4.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active —whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. 句意为这是因为网络计算机在被动消费和主动创建之间已经开始了下载和上传之间的秘密战争,其结果将以我们只能开始想象的方式塑造我们的集体未来。A. request 请求;B. support 支持;C. defense 冒犯;D. creation 标准。
5.考查形容词。根据上下文内容可知,Humans are in their capacity to not only make tools 句意为人类具有独特的能力,他们不仅可以制造工具,还可以转身使用它们来创造多余的(过剩的)物质商品(绘画,雕塑和建筑)和多余的体验(音乐,文学,宗教和哲学)。A. unique 独一无二的;B. familiar 熟悉的;C. efficient 效率高的;D. loyal 忠诚的。
6.考查短语。根据上下文内容可知,In fact, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. 句意为事实上,正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化,最终定义了人类的文化。A. In addition 另外;B. In fact 事实上;C. For instance 例如;D. By the way 顺便。
7.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity. 句意为下载和消费文化需要高超的技能,但是不能超越下载范围就是抢夺人类的决定性成分。A. striving 奋斗;B. comparing 比较;C. failing 失败;D. ceremonies 仪式。
8.考查短语。根据上下文内容可知,Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still download mode, brought about by television watching. 句意为尽管我们的新文化机器有可能,但大多数人仍停留在电视观看带来的下载模式下。A. optimistic about 感到乐观;B. unfamiliar with 不熟悉;C. stuck in 陷入;D. ashamed of 感到羞愧。
9.考查名词。Even after the of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just .句意为即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后,生产金字塔仍然存在,少数人上载材料,稍大一些的小组对内容进行评论或修改,并且仍然有很大一部分人满足于消费。A. transformation 转化;B. emergence 出现;C. encounter 致使;D. maintenance 坚持。
10.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知, Even after the of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just . 句意为即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后,生产金字塔仍然存在,少数人上载材料,稍大一些的小组对内容进行评论或修改,并且仍然有很大一部分人满足于消费。A. consume 消费;B. neglect 忽视;C. combine 结合;D. innovate 创新。
11.考查名词。根据上下文内容可知,The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. 句意为联网计算机是50年来第一个机会来扭转电视收看带来的流量,鼓励进行有思想的下载,更重要的是,有意义的上传。A. enhance 提高;B. quicken 加快;C. reverse 扭转;D. extend 延伸。
12.考查名词。根据上下文内容可知,The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model. 句意为计算机为彻底打破电视文化和从消费模式向生产模式的转变提供了机会。A. outcome 支出;B. exposure 暴露;C. break 休息;D. evolution 演化。
13.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,The is now in our collective grasp. 句意为现在,我们共同掌握了治愈方法.它涉及控制我们的摄取或下载,并增加我们的活动负荷水平。A. puzzle 困惑;B. cure 治愈;;C. regret 后悔;D. favor 支持。
14.考查动词。根据上下文内容可知,It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and our levels of activity-uploading. 句意为现在,我们共同掌握了治愈方法。它涉及控制我们的摄取或下载,并增加我们的活动负荷水平。A. analysing 分析;B. maintaining 坚持;C. featuring 形成;D. increasing 增加。
15.考查形容词。根据上下文内容可知,But using the networked computer as a download-only device, or even a download-mainly device, is a opportunity that history affords us. 句意为但是,将网络计算机用作仅下载设备,甚至是主要下载设备,是历史给我们带来的浪费的机会。A. wasted 浪费的;B. treasured 珍贵的;C. multiplied 乘的;D. revised 修正的。
7.答案：1. what2. convenience3. growing4. a5. stopped6. especially7. To help8. will be taken9. from10. explanations
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述北京市将采取措施帮助老年人跨越智能技术的鸿沟,让他们也能享受科技带来的好处。
【小题1】考查宾语从句。句意:北京将采取措施帮助老年人跨越数字鸿沟,以确保他们也能分享智能社会的好处。分析句子可知,空处引导一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,指物,故用what引导。故填what。
【小题2】考查名词。句意:技术在许多方面给社会带来便利并且已经变得很普遍,比如用于支付、进入大楼和登记的扫描二维码,在这种情况下,不精通科技的老年人在日常生活中面临着越来越多的困难。空处应填名词作动词brings的宾语,convenience“方便,便利”是不可数名词,故填convenience。
【小题3】考查形容词。句意:技术在许多方面给社会带来便利并且已经变得很普遍,比如用于支付、进入大楼和登记的扫描二维码,在这种情况下,不精通科技的老年人在日常生活中面临着越来越多的困难。空处修饰名词difficulty,应用形容词作定语,growing意为“增加的”,故填growing。
【小题4】考查不定冠词。句意:一位63岁的北京市民李晓丽说,有一次她在街上等了40分钟,想叫一辆出租车,但没有一辆为她停下来。resident是可数名词,此处泛指“一位北京市民”,应用不定冠词,且63-year-old以辅音音素开头,故填a。
【小题5】考查时态。句意:一位63岁的北京市民李晓丽说,有一次她在街上等了40分钟,想叫一辆出租车,但没有一辆停下来载她。结合said可知,此处是讲述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填stopped。
【小题6】考查副词。句意:公共场所越来越多地使用网上预约系统,尤其是自新冠肺炎爆发以来,这对老年人的健康、文化和休闲设施构成了障碍。空处应用副词作状语,故填especially。
【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助解决老年人面临的这些困难,北京市政府今年将实施52种特定的措施。结合句意可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语,首字母应大写。故填To help。
【小题8】考查时态和语态。句意:2022年将采取额外的37项措施。主语measures 和谓语动词take之间是被动关系,由时间状语in 2022可知,此处应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填will be taken。
【小题9】考查介词。句意:一位志愿者说:“智能技术应该为他们服务,而不是阻止他们过上更幸福的生活。”block sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,是固定短语。故填from。
【小题10】考查名词复数。句意:他们需要不慌不忙和耐心的解释。空处应填名词作宾语,explanation是可数名词,结合语境可知,此处应用复数形式。故填explanations。
8.答案：
When Mrs Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. So, they went to the local supermarket together. They bought a bag of corn and some special bags for popcorn. ①When they got home, they made a lot of popcorn and put it in the special bags. With the popcorn, they went to Bernard's home. They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn. Bernard and his parents were very grateful. And the Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. He took the popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn. He earned a lot of money. Then, he wanted to be self-dependent. ②Therefore, he asked Mrs Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn. After that, not only did he sell popcorn, but he also added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better. Bernard grew up to be a remarkable man. He did not forget the help of Meredith's family, and he also did what he could to help those in need.
解析：
9.答案：
The negative effects of using cellphones on students
As we all know, more and more students use cellphones in school nowadays. Though a cellphone is a useful tool, it could have lots of negative effects on students.
Firstly, using cellphones for a long time does harm to students' health, especially to their eyesight. Secondly, by making calls and sending messages, students seldom communicate with relatives and friends face to face. Thirdly, some students send messages or watch videos instead of listening to teachers in class. As a result, their school grades go down rapidly. Last but not least, students who play with cellphones often have less time to play sports.
Therefore, parents and teachers should limit children's using cellphones.
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