人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 1 Women of achievement同步练习题

单元素养提升(一) Unit 1

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. As a teacher,  he is respected for his good teaching.

2. —Do you care for modern music?

—No,  I prefer classical music to modern music.

3. This sentence does not seem to connect with the context.

4. The audience was/were (be) no less than five thousand in the stadium.

5. The woman scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for those great achievements(achieve) made by her.

6. The international agreement,  intended to encourage (encourage) children not to smoke and help people kick the habit,  was signed on February 27.  

7. He was unhappy because many people argued against his plan.

8. You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer).

9. Observation(observe),  reason and experiment make up what we call the scientific method.

10. All of the students in our school were inspired by the inspiring speech given by Professor Li in Tsinghua University last October. (inspire)

Ⅱ. 选词填空

crowd in;  move off;  devote to;  carry on;  lead a. . . life;  refer to;  look down upon;  come across;  by chance;  work out

1. He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific study.

2. On my way to the museum,  I came across one of my teachers.  

3. It started to rain harder,  but we gathered our courage and carried on.  

4. By chance he found the very book he was always looking for.  

5. I worked out many problems in the exercise book.  

6. She tried to sleep,  but too many thoughts crowded in on her.  

7. The days when the Chinese were looked down upon are gone forever.  

8. The patient leads a normal and healthy life following his doctor’s advice.  

9. The teacher referred to in my last letter has gone abroad.  

10. The car moved off before the boy had got into it.  

Ⅲ. 完成句子

1. It seems that he is an honest man.  

看起来他是个老实人。

2. Once the decision was made,  things fell into place rapidly.   

一旦作出决定, 事情就立刻顺理成章地发展下去了。

3. It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.  

我突然想起, 我把她的生日给忘了。

4. As we all know, only then did he realize the importance of English.   

就我们所知, 只有在那时候他才意识到英语的重要性。

5. It was when he was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.  

电话铃响时,  他刚好要上床睡觉。

Ⅳ. 阅读理解

A

(2020·南阳高一检测)

　　Marie Curie is well-known all over the world. However,  perhaps you have not heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below,  who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

　　Jane Addams(1860—1935)

　　Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,  Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

　　Rachel Carson(1907—1964)

　　If it weren’t for Rachel Carson,  the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

　　Sandra Day O’Connor(1930— present)

　　When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,  in 1952,  she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and,  in 1981,  the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

　　Rosa Parks(1913—2005)

　　On December 1,  1955,  in Montgomery,  Alabama,  Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year,  and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was,  was tired of giving in. ” said Parks.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了过去的一百年里, 四位杰出的女性。

1. What is Jane Addams famous for in history?

A. Her social work.

B. Her teaching skills.

C. Her efforts to win a prize.

D. Her community background.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Jane Addams部分中的“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. ”可知, 在历史上, Jane Addams因为她的社会工作而出名。

2. What is the reason for O’Connor’s not being able to find a job in the law firm?

A. Her lack of proper training in law.

B. Her little work experience in court.

C. The discrimination against women.

D. The poor financial conditions.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O’Connor部分中的“When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,  in 1952,  she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. ”可知, 她没能在律师事务所找到工作, 是因为她是一名女性, 这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符。

3. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

A. They are highly educated.

B. They are truly creative.

C. They are pioneers.

D. They are peace-lovers.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段的第三句“Of the outstanding ladies listed below,  who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?”可知, 文中提到的女性都是先驱。

【方法技巧】

细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键, 也是做好其他类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息, 或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法, 即先读题, 然后带着问题快速阅读短文, 找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子, 再对相关部分进行分析对比, 找出答案。正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬, 但是一般是原文的改写, 意思不变。如换一个同义词, 把否定改为肯定, 把肯定改为否定等。如第1小题, 根据Jane Addams部分Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. (任何接受过社工帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。)可知在历史上, Jane Addams因为她的社会工作而出名。故选A。

B

　　Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes(基因) and chromosomes (染色体).

Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.

She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca,  New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later,  she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics.

Barbara McClintock decided to study botany,  the scientific study of plants,  at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a master’s degree in 1925. Two years later,  she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree.

McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.

An old friend from Cornell,  Marcus Rhoades,  invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island,  near New York City. McClintock started in a temporary (临时的) job with the genetics department. A short time later,  she accepted a permanent (永久的) position with the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.

By the 1970s,  her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.

【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记, 主要讲述了著名女科学家Barbara McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。

4. When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree?

A. In 1921. 　　　　　　 B. In 1923.

C. In 1925.      D. In 1927.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段可知, Barbara McClintock在1925年取得了硕士学位, 两年之后, 她取得了博士学位。故可推知, Barbara McClintock在1927年取得了博士学位。

5. During the great economic Depression in the US, _______.  

A. young female scientists had trouble finding a job

B. female geneticists were not wanted at all

C. male geneticists were in great demand

D. male scientists were out of job

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段可知, 男科学家能找到工作, 但是女性遗传学家的需求量不大。由此可推知, 年轻的女科学家在经济大萧条时期找工作可能会面临困难。

6. McClintock was awarded a Nobel Prize because of _______.  

A. her research in botany

B. her contribution to genetic engineering

C. her discoveries about genes and chromosomes

D. her unshared work in the laboratory

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句可知, Barbara McClintock因发现基因在染色体上改变位置的能力而于1983年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

7. The text is likely to appear in _______.  

A. a biography    B. a history paper

C. a newspaper   D. a philosophy textbook

【解析】选A。文章出处题。本文主要讲述了著名女科学家Barbara McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。可知文章可能来自一本人物传记。

Ⅴ. 语法填空

　　阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2020·潍坊高一检测)

　　As a five-year-old girl,  Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death. At the age of 18,  instead of following the 1. ___________(tradition) path of marriage,  she 2. ___________(choose) to study medicine.  

　　Eight years later,  Lin graduated with the Wenhai Scholarship,  the highest prize 3. ___________(give)to graduates. She became the first woman ever to be hired 4. ___________ a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of PUMC Hospital 5. ___________(immediate). Within six months,  she 6. ___________(name) a chief resident physician,  a position that usually took four years 7. ___________(achieve). After working for a few years,  she was sent to study in Europe and then in the US. She greatly impressed her American colleagues,  8. ___________invited her to stay. Dr Lin,  however,  rejected the offer.  

　　The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin playing 9. ___________key role. She was always responsible for the 10. ___________(patient) and treated them as her sisters. She was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。主要讲述了林巧稚医生的经历及为祖国医学作出的贡献。

1. 【解析】traditional。考查形容词。该空修饰名词path, 应用形容词。

2. 【解析】chose。考查时态。根据时间状语At the age of 18可知, 该句应用一般过去时态。

3. 【解析】given。考查非谓语动词。句意: 8年后, 林毕业了, 获得了文海奖学金, 这是授予毕业生的最高奖项。. . . (give)to graduates作定语, 修饰the highest prize, the highest prize和give之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语。

4. 【解析】as。考查介词。句意: 她成为了第一个被聘为北京协和医院妇产科住院医生的女性。根据句意, 该处应填介词as, 意为“作为”。

5. 【解析】immediately。考查副词。该空修饰动词became, 应用副词。

6. 【解析】was named。考查时态和语态。句意: 不到6个月, 她就被任命为住院总医师, 这一职位通常需要4年时间才能完成。根据上文可知, 该句应用一般过去时态。且主语she和name之间是被动关系, 该句应用被动语态。

7. 【解析】to achieve。考查非谓语动词。take time to do sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”, 是固定表达, 故填to achieve。

8. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。句意: 她给美国同事留下了深刻的印象, 他们邀请她留下来。. . . invited her to stay是非限制性定语从句, 修饰her American colleagues, 引导词在从句中作主语, 指人, 应用关系代词who引导该从句。

9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。role是可数名词, 该处指“起重要作用”, 所以前面应用不定冠词。

10. 【解析】patients。考查名词。patient是可数名词, 根据后面的them可知, 该处应用名词复数形式。

微写作

　　假设某英文网站正在征集读者最崇拜的杰出女性, 请你根据以下提示信息介绍二十世纪杰出的女性之一——海伦·凯勒(Helen Keller)。内容要点如下:

　　海伦·凯勒(1880-1968)在19个月大时, 因一次疾病导致双目失明, 双耳失聪。7岁时, 她的父母给她找了一位老师——Miss Sullivan。由于海伦的坚强意志和智慧(will and intelligence), 以及老师的技巧和耐心(skill and patience), 她们克服困难, 取得成功。海伦完成了大学教育, 取得了英语文学学位(a degree in English literature); 此后致力于盲聋儿童的社会工作。

注意: 1. 必须包括所有内容要点, 但不能逐条翻译;

2. 可以适当增加细节,  使内容连贯;

3. 词数100个左右。

核心要点提示

　　①Helen Keller was one of the greatest women. . .

　　②With Helen’s strong will. . .

　　③Finally Helen received a university degree. . .

　　④Later on she devoted all herself to. . .

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【参考范文】

　　Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century. She was born in 1880 and died in 1968. When she was 19 months old,  she became blind and deaf because of a serious illness.

When she was seven,  her parents found a teacher,  Miss Sullivan, for her. With Helen’s strong will and intelligence,  combined with Miss Sullivan’s skill and patience,  they overcame all the difficulties. Finally Helen received a university degree in English literature. Later on she devoted all herself to social work for the blind and deaf children.