人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 1 Women of achievement随堂练习题

Unit 1　Women of achievement 　

Learning about Language

语法精讲·探究学习

主谓一致

观察上面对话, 并用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Either you or she is(be) good at drawing. 

2. Neither they nor Jack is(be) at home now.

3. — Is (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?

— Neither she nor I am (be).

一、名词作主语时的主谓一致

*Tom has eggs and milk for breakfast.

汤姆早餐吃鸡蛋, 喝牛奶。

*The children are very fond of playing games.

孩子们非常喜欢玩游戏。

*I had told people what he had been doing,  so now the police were onto him.

我已将他的所作所为告诉了其他人, 因此现在警方正在追查他。

　　goods,  clothes,  earnings,  remains等只有复数形式的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。

用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)The equipment of our factory is(be) all imported from Britain.

(2)Each means has (have) been proved right,  which makes the boss satisfied.

(3)Fast food is(be) full of fat and salt,  by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

(4)His family was(be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family.

(5)My family are(be) going on a trip this summer.

二、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致

主语+with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/among/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than+名词, 谓语和主语在单复数上保持一致。

*The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.

老师和许多学生都在教室里。

【知识延伸】and与谓语动词的单数

(1)由and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数。

(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no,  each,  every,  many a等修饰, 谓语动词要用单数。

*The writer and poet is coming soon.

那位作家兼诗人很快就要来了。(同一个人, 注意poet前无冠词)

*All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只工作不玩耍, 聪明孩子也变傻。

*Every hour and every minute is of great importance to us. 每一小时和每一分钟都对我们很重要。

用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)(2019·天津高考)Amy,  as well as his brothers, was given(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.  

(2)(2019·江苏高考)The musician along with his band members has given(give)ten performances in the last three months.  

(3)Not only you but also he is (be)tired of having one exam after another.

(4)Does (do) she or you like to read English novels?

三、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致　

*About 10% of the pupils were absent that day.

那天大约有10%的学生缺席。

*A number of new houses have been built there.

那儿已建了许多新房子。

在“one of+复数名词/代词+定语从句”结构中, 定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。只有one之前出现the only,  the very等修饰语时, 定语从句的谓语动词才用单数形式。试比较:

He is one of the students who have passed the exam.

他是通过这次考试的学生之一。

He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.

他是通过这次考试的唯一的学生。

用be动词的适当形式填空。

(1)One of my close friends has been abroad for 8 years.  

(2)Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.

(3)There is a large quantity of milk.

四、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致

*Each of the books costs five yuan. 每本书5块钱。

*Both of my grandfathers are farmers.

我的祖父和外祖父都是农民。

*All are here now. 大家都到齐了。

*All has been tried. 一切都试过了。

用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)None of them is/are(be) aware of the danger.

(2)None of the money was paid(pay)to me yesterday.  

(3)Most of the students in this class are(be) good at mathematics.

(4)Since everyone is(be)here,  let’s begin our meeting.

五、其他情况作主语时的主谓一致

*There is an apple and some oranges on the table.

桌子上有一个苹果和一些橘子。

*To prevent the air from being polluted is what we’re now researching. 防止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。

*Whether he will leave the city or not has not been known yet.

他是否会离开这个城市还不知道。

语法填空。

(1)The rich are(be) for the decision while the poor are against it.

(2)Reading English newspapers and magazines is(be)helpful to our study of English.

(3)The cooking time needed depends(depend)on the size of the potato.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 课时检测·素养达标

Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空

1. Either you or the president is (be) to hand out the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.

2. I,  who am (be) your close friend,  will try my best to help you out of trouble.

3. Many a scientist has(have) been trying to solve the problems of the nuclear leakage.

4. There was (be) a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep it up.

5. Three million tons of coal is (be) exploited every year in the city.

6. Stories of the Long March is (be) popular with the young people now.

7. Mathematics is (be) the language of science.

8. Both rice and wheat are (be) grown in our country.

9. Has (have) either of your parents come to see you recently?

10. What the children in the mountain village need are (be) good books.

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1. All the furniture has been moved to another room.  

所有家具都已经被搬到了另一个房间里。

2. Believe it or not,  everyone here has a gift for music.  

信不信由你, 这里的每个人都有音乐天赋。

3. A large quantity of storybooks have been bought for the children.  

(学校)为孩子们买了大量的故事书。

4. My neighbour and colleague is watering the flowers.  

我的邻居, 也是我的同事, 正在浇花。

5. Many a student was on the spot when the accident happened.  

当事故发生时, 许多学生在现场。

6. The number of the people who know the secret is very limited.  

知道这个秘密的人数量很有限。

7. Neither the students nor the teacher knows the reason why she didn’t turn up.  

学生和老师都不知道她没到场的原因。

使用本单元所学语法知识(主谓一致)结合主题语境翻译下面语段。

　　今天是第一中学的校庆。会议邀请了许多同学参加, 人数达5000人。许多著名学者来到这里, 其中不止一位为学校的建设做出了巨大贡献。就在国庆长假的第二天, 许多在学校学习的学生待在家里, 其余的留在学校帮助老师为客人服务。对每个出席会议的人而言, 他们的学校总是最好的。

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

　　Today is the anniversary of No. 1 Middle School. A number of schoolmates have been invited to attend the meeting and the number comes to 5, 000. Many a famous scholar has arrived and more than one of them has made great contributions to the building of the school. It just falls on the second day of the National Holiday,  so many of the students studying at school are staying at home while the rest remain at school helping their teachers to serve the guests. As far as everyone present at the meeting is concerned,  their school is always the best.

课时素养评价

二　Unit 1　Learning about Language

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. The police have (have) caught the criminal.

2. Each means has (have) been tried to solve the problem,  but none is effective.

3. A large quantity of money was (be)spent on the bridge.

4. The rest of the bicycles are(be) on sale today.

5. All are (be)eager to reach an agreement.

6. None of the telephones is/are(be)working.

7. Not only he but also all his family are (be) keen on concerts.

8. Are (be) you or he good at English?

9. Whether they will hold a party or not has (have)not been decided.

10. The basketball coach,  as well as his team,  was (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

My seatmate James,  whose parents 1. have taught/have been teaching(teach) English in Guangzhou for ten years,  2. comes(come) from the United States,  which 3. is(be) one of the most developed countries in the world. He as well as his parents 4. enjoys(enjoy) living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents 5. find(find) it difficult to adapt to the life in China. In their opinion,  many a custom here 6. is(be) easy to understand and ten years 7. is(be) enough for them to get used to all the customs.  

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

It took 100 years,  but finally,  scientists proved Albert Einstein’s theory that gravitational waves(引力波) exist.

The waves were predicted as part of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity nearly 100 years ago. It was the theory of the physics behind the workings of our world and the universe.

The idea was that the waves are like ripples(涟漪, 波痕) in space,  caused by some of the violent and energetic processes in the Universe. For example,  two black holes crash into each other.

Now a group of scientists,  including ones from CalTech,  MIT and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration finally found the gravitational waves. David Reitze,  the executive director of the LIGO observatory at CalTech,  said,  “We have detected gravitational waves. We did it!”

What are these gravitational waves? Well,  imagine throwing a rock into a pond. When the rock hits the flat surface of the water,  it creates ripples or waves. Spacetime is like the surface of the water. So that means gravitational waves are like the ripples moving out from where the rock hits the water.

It might be hard to understand,  but those gravitational waves expand and contract space and time as they move through space. And when they get to the earth,  the waves pass through,  and contract and expand the planet as the wave goes by.

It was Einstein who said these gravitational waves should be observable. But these are not huge waves. They are very,  very small,  which is why it took so long to find them. You cannot see them with your eyes. They are smaller than the size of an atom.

How did the scientists find them? They used a very big scientific tool called LIGO. The billion-dollar LIGO project is two L-shaped observatories. One is in Louisiana and one in Washington state. Their job was to watch for these gravitational waves. They have been looking on and off since 2002.

【文章大意】本文主要讲了科学家声称他们发现了100年前爱因斯坦提出的引力波。

1. What can cause gravitational waves?

A. The earth’s movement.

B. Some black holes.

C. Crashes and energetic processes in space.

D. Man’s activities in the universe.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知, 宇宙间碰撞和能量转换会造成太空中形成涟漪般的波纹, 例如两个黑洞相互碰撞就会形成引力波。

2. The underlined word “detected” in Paragraph 4 means “_______”.  

A. discovered　　　　　B. described

C. decided     D. divided

【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据上下文可知, 此处指我们发现了引力波。detect表示“查明, 发现”, A项有发现之意。

3. How is Paragraph 5 organized?

A. By comparing water waves and gravitational waves.

B. By giving an example.

C. By analyzing cause and effect.

D. By listing the features of gravitational waves.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。这一段主要通过举例子生动形象地让我们了解什么是引力波。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

(2020·开封高一检测)

　　I got on the bus,  dirty,  tired and hot after a day hard working. I　1　 that place every day looking like a coal mine worker. 　 2　 ,  I still felt a bit proud of myself for holding this tiring job for 3 months. Taking my seat on the bus,  I decided my 　3　 life would not lower my spirits today.  

　　I was dreaming about a better and new life when I was　4　 by our new passenger,  a middle aged woman with worn-out clothes and messy hair. She 　5　 pushed her way into a front seat,  and then turned her glare and 　6　 on whoever dared to look her way.  

　　All I could feel for this woman was　7　. Only pity and the familiar knowledge of being faceless,  nameless,  and 　8　 to no one. Suddenly,  she loudly yelled to me,  “Why are you so 　9　 man?” 

　　With a smile I said,  “I just came from work. ” She then asked if I worked in hell and broke out in laughter,  so I laughed too —　 10　 her and told her that was funny. Then I asked her her name as I 　11　 why I was so dirty. Her name was Karen.  

　　In front of all of us on the bus that day,  the power of　12　 showed its beauty. In front of all of us this woman 　13　. Her language,  her posture,  and her voice,  even the wave she tilted (倾斜) her head when I spoke to her as a 　14　 changed.  

　　As Karen was getting off the bus,  she touched me　15　 on the arm. With tear-filled eyes,  she asked whether I’d be riding the bus the next day. I 　16　 I would. We waved to each other and then I got what my life had needed all along:  affirmation (认可).  

　　An old woman on the bus spoke to me,  “Sir,  you just changed that woman with your heart. She will never forget how you　17　 her. You are great. ” Other passengers gave me thumbs-up signs showing their 　18　.  

　　That day was the first day when I realized I am　19　. People say I gave Karen something that day but actually she 　20　 me so much more.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在公交车上遇到一个非常没有礼貌的女人, 作者以善心待她, 改变了她的言行。

1. A. left　　　　　　　　　 B. found

C. visited       D. reached

【解析】选A。根据上文中的“after a day hard working”可知, 作者下班了, 因此是“离开”工作地点。 leave离开;  find发现;  visit参观, 拜访;  reach到达。故选A。

2. A. Besides      B. However

C. Therefore      D. Otherwise

【解析】选B。根据内容可知, 上文提到作者感到疲惫, 该句提到作者仍然感到自豪。上下文之间是转折关系。besides此外; however但是; therefore因此; otherwise否则。故选B。

3. A. strange      B. unhappy

C. brave       D. interesting

【解析】选B。根据内容可知, 上句提到作者连续三个月工作都是令人疲惫的, 每天下班后都感觉自己像个矿工。所以, 作者生活是“不开心的”。 strange奇怪的;  unhappy不开心的; brave勇敢的; interesting有趣的。故选B。

4. A. stopped      B. recognized

C. challenged      D. followed

【解析】选A。根据内容可知, 一个新乘客的出现“打断”了作者对新生活的想象。stop中断, 停止;  recognize认出; challenge挑战; follow跟随。故选A。

5. A. gently      B. quietly

C. slowly       D. rudely

【解析】选D。根据下文“turned her glare”可知, 这个女人非常“不礼貌”。 gently温柔地; quietly安静地; slowly慢慢地; rudely粗鲁地。故选D。

6. A. puzzle      B. fear

C. anger       D. surprise

【解析】选C。根据内容可知, 该空和前面的glare并列, 都表示这个女人非常地没有礼貌。puzzle迷惑; fear害怕; anger生气; surprise惊讶。故选C。

7. A. pity       B. satisfaction

C. disappointment     D. amazement

【解析】选A。根据下句中的“Only pity”可知, 作者对这个女人充满“同情和怜悯”。pity怜悯, 同情; satisfaction满意; disappointment失望; amazement惊奇。故选A。

8. A. demanding   B. controlling

C. mattering    D. appealing

【解析】选C。根据内容结合faceless, nameless及这个女人的穿着打扮和行为举止可知, 这个女人应该是社会底层的人, 她对于任何人来说都不重要, 没人在意她。demand要求; control控制; matter要紧, 重要; appeal呼吁, 吸引。故选C。

9. A. sad     B. dirty

C. nervous     D. crazy

【解析】选B。根据第一段第一句“I got on the bus,  dirty,  tired and hot after a day hard working. ”可知, 作者下班身上很脏。因此这个女人问作者为什么这么“脏”。与后面的“why I was so dirty”呼应。sad伤心的; dirty脏的; nervous紧张的; crazy疯狂的。故选B。

10. A. at     B. off

C. about     D. with

【解析】选D。 根据内容可知, 那个女人哈哈大笑, 作者也大笑, 所以, 作者和她一起大笑。at在(某处); off远离; about关于;  with和……一起。故选D。

11. A. examined   B. admitted

C. explained    D. regretted

【解析】选C。根据该段开头的With a smile I said,  “I just came from work. ”可知, 作者向那个女人解释了自己为什么那么脏。examine检查; admit承认; explain解释; regret后悔。故选C。

12. A. teamwork   B. determination

C. honesty     D. kindness

【解析】选D。根据内容可知, 对于那个女人的无礼, 作者报以微笑, 这是一种善良的表现。teamwork团队合作; determination决心; honesty诚实; kindness善良。故选D。

13. A. agreed    B. cheered

C. hesitated    D. changed

【解析】选D。根据后面的changed可知, 这个女人发生了改变。agree同意; cheer欢呼, 加油; hesitate犹豫; change改变。故选D。

14. A. family    B. stranger

C. friend     D. teacher

【解析】选C。根据第四段中的描述可知, 作者和那个女人像“朋友”一样交谈。 family家庭; stranger陌生人; friend朋友;  teacher老师。故选C。

15. A. softly    B. hopelessly

C. patiently    D. unwillingly

【解析】选A。根据第四段的描述可知, 作者和女人像朋友一样交谈, 因此女人“轻轻地”碰触作者。softly温柔地, 柔和地;  hopelessly绝望地, 无望地; patiently耐心地;  unwillingly不乐意地。故选A。

16. A. checked    B. demanded

C. promised    D. begged

【解析】选C。根据内容可知, Karen问作者是否第二天还会乘坐这辆公共汽车。作者向她承诺第二天还坐这辆车。 check核对; demand要求; promise承诺;  beg恳求。故选C。

17. A. missed    B. treated

C. persuaded    D. remembered

【解析】选B。根据内容可知, Karen永远也不会忘记作者是如何“对待”她的。miss思念, 错过; treat对待; persuade说服; remember记住。故选B。

18. A. humor    B. politeness

C. confidence    D. admiration

【解析】选D。根据前面的“thumbs-up signs”可知, 其他乘客对作者的做法表示“赞美”。humor幽默; politeness礼貌; confidence信心; admiration钦佩, 赞美。故选D。

19. A. helped    B. needed

C. understood    D. respected

【解析】选B。根据上文内容可知, 作者的所作所为改变了Karen, 同时获得了其他人的赞美和认可。所以, 作者是被别人“需要的”。help帮助; need需要; understand理解; respect尊敬。故选B。

20. A. gave    B. paid

C. owed     D. lent

【解析】选A。根据倒数第三段中的“then I got what my life had needed all along:  affirmation”可知, 作者从Karen那里得到了认可, 作者认为Karen给予自己的更多。 give给; pay付钱; owe欠; lend借给。故选A。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2020·青岛高一检测)

Wilma Rudolph was a girl born in a poor family. When she was four years old,  a deadly 1. ___________ (ill) made her left leg useless. She had to wear an iron leg brace (支架). Yet she was fortunate in having a mother 2. ___________ encouraged her to have courage.  

　　At nine years of age,  she removed 3. ___________leg brace and took the step which was impossible according to the doctors. Then she got the dream that she would like to be the world’s greatest woman runner. At the age of 13,  she entered a race. But she came in last in every race. Everyone advised her 4. ___________(stop). However,  one day,  she came in next to last. And then one day,  she got the first place in a race! From then on,  Wilma Rudolph 5. ___________(win) every race that she entered.  

　　Years 6. ___________ (late),  Wilma went to Tennessee State University,  where she met a coach 7. ___________(name) Ed Temple. He trained her so well

8. ___________in 1960 she went to the Olympic Games in Rome. There she beat a German girl Jutta Heine,  the 9. ___________(great) woman runner of the day. That day Wilma made history as she became the first woman who had won three gold

 10. ___________(medal) in the same Olympic Games.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了奥运金牌得主Wilma Rudolph的成长历程。

1. 【解析】illness。考查名词。句意: 在她四岁的时候, 致命的疾病使她的左腿瘫痪。根据句意此处表示“疾病”, 作主语, ill的名词形式是illness(疾病), 由空前a可知, 此处使用名词单数形式。

2. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句, a mother是指人的先行词, 从句中缺少主语, 所以用关系代词who/that引导。

3. 【解析】the/her。考查定冠词/形容词性物主代词。句意: 九岁时, 她拿开拐杖, 开始走路, 这在医生看来是不可能的。分析句子可知, 空白处可以填the, 表特指; 也可以填her, 表示“她的”。

4. 【解析】to stop。考查固定搭配。advise sb. to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”。

5. 【解析】won。考查动词时态。句意: 从那时起, Wilma Rudolph在每个她参加的比赛中都获胜。句子陈述的是过去发生的事情, 用一般过去时态。

6. 【解析】later。考查副词。句意: 数年后, Wilma进入田纳西州立大学, 遇到了Ed Temple教练。此处表“后来, 随后”。

7. 【解析】named。考查非谓语动词。句意: 数年后, Wilma进入田纳西州立大学, 遇到了Ed Temple教练。分析句子可知, went是谓语, name要用非谓语形式; name与逻辑主语coach是被动关系, 所以用过去分词形式。

8. 【解析】that。考查固定句型。句意: 他把她训练得如此好, 以至于1960年她进入罗马奥运会。so. . . that. . . 意为“如此……以至于……”。

9. 【解析】greatest。考查形容词最高级。句意: 在那儿, 她打败了德国选手Jutta Heine——那个时代最伟大的女运动员。定冠词the后接形容词最高级。

10. 【解析】medals。考查名词复数。句意: 那天Wilma创造了历史, 因为她成为第一个在同一届奥运会上赢得三块金牌的女运动员。three修饰可数名词复数。