2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题5 必修3 Unit 2 Healthy eating(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

If you are a high school student who will graduate in 2018，or 2019，we invite you to explore all that Harvard's Secondary School Program has to offer.

Challenge yourself academically while attending college courses

Neuroscience，philosophy，creative writing，and computer science—these are just a few of the 200­plus courses you can choose from.Branch out from typical high school offerings，and explore more advanced topics that you have no chance to learn back home.You'll study with Harvard teachers who teach the same courses to Harvard College students during the academic year.

Expand your world view

Learn and connect with students from all over the globe.You'll broaden your horizons，build a lasting network of diverse individuals，and gain a better understanding of other cultures.On campus you can enjoy all that Harvard has to offer.Conduct experiments in Harvard labs，perform research in the world's largest university library，or work out in our fully equipped fitness facilities (设施)．

Become a strong college applicant

You can participate in a variety of activities that expose you to college academics，campus life，and the admission process，including：

●A college fair with more than 60 colleges，including Duke，Stanford，Columbia，the University of North Carolina，and many more

●Organized visits to New England colleges such as Brown and Yale

●College counseling sessions with assistant deans who can help you select the university that's right for you

●Workshops to prepare you to write a college application essay or take college exams

The transformation begins here

From the moment you step on campus，you'll be lost in the Harvard experience.Along with fellow students from around the world，you'll learn，grow，and have fun in the process.

[语篇解读]　这是一则广告，主要介绍了哈佛大学中学项目为即将在2018或2019年毕业的高中生举办的活动。

1. What do we know about the courses offered?

A．They will last for about 2 years.

B．They're unavailable in high school.

C．There're just a few choices.

D．They're specially designed for high school students.

解析：细节理解题。第二段提到了该项目提供200多种课程，紧接着说“Branch out from typical high school offerings...you have no  chance to learn back home”，由此可知，这些课程是高中没有的，故答案为B项。

答案：B

2．What benefit can students get from the Program?

A．Enlarge their circle of friends.

B．Improve their attitude toward life.

C．Find where their interest lies.

D．Be more likely to be admitted to Harvard.

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Learn and connect with students from all over the globe.”和最后一段中的“Along with fellow students from around the world，you'll learn，grow，and have fun in the  process.”可推知，在活动期间，你会结识来自世界各地的学生，这样就可以扩大自己的朋友圈。故选A项。

答案：A

3．What can students do in the Program?

A．Have a tour of Yale University.

B．Take college entrance exams.

C．Decide on their future university.

D．Join in various cultural activities.

解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Organized visits to New England  colleges such as Brown and Yale”可知，学生可以参观耶鲁大学。故选A项。

答案：A

4．What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To list ways of preparing for college.

B．To advertise a program from 60 colleges.

C．To introduce a student­centered program.

D．To show readers how excellent Harvard is.

解析：作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学中学项目为即将在2018或2019年毕业的高中生举办的活动。故作者写作本文的目的是介绍一个以学生为中心的项目，C项符合题意。

答案：C

B

It's cold and dark outside，and your bed is so warm and comfortable.Going for a run seems like such a bad idea.But before you hide your running shoes，it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go.

According to The Huffington Post，an outdoor run in winter，as opposed to one on a treadmill (跑步机)，burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate (调节) its core temperature.Furthermore，research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures—and quicker runs burn more calories.Similarly，cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body，making that vital muscle even stronger.

Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day.The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster，but cold weather is refreshing. It adjusts you to your surroundings，making you feel alive.

Of course，the threat of smog in some built­up areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise. Heart attacks，strokes，lung cancer and asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems.If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days，take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust (废气)，and go early in the morning, before rush hour. But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬季户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季户外跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾时进行户外活动。

5．How does cold weather benefit runners，compared with warm weather?

A．They can run more slowly.

B．They can take in more calories.

C．Their hearts can function harder.

D．Their body temperature can get lower.

解析：细节理解题。由题干关键词“benefit”和“compared with warm weather”可将答案定位至第二段的最后一句“Similarly...makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body，making that vital muscle even stronger.”可知，与温暖的天气相比，在寒冷的天气里户外跑步能使心脏更健康，故C项正确。

答案：C

6．How does summer affect runners?

A．It builds up their energy quickly.

B．It makes runners tired easily.

C．It lessens runners' stress.

D．It causes heart attacks.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster”可知，夏季的炎热和湿气容易让跑步的人很快就感到疲劳，故B项正确。

答案：B

7．What are the runners supposed to do on smoggy days?

A．Stop driving cars.

B．Do more exercise.

C．Avoid outdoor exercise.

D．Run late in the morning.

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“But staying  inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.”可知，如果有雾霾，最好待在室内，等到天气晴朗时再跑步，故C项正确。

答案：C

8．What can be the best title of the text?

A．Refresh with a Winter Run

B．Take Outdoor Exercise in Summer

C．Go to Run in a Park

D．Follow the Tips to Reduce Stress

解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了冬季早晨户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾天气进行户外活动。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，故A项正确。

答案：A

Ⅱ.完形填空

Jake Olson lost his left eye when he was eight months old because of a born cancer.  1  it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared and  2  the loss of his right eye.But after years of cheering for his favorite football team，Jake has  3  the impossible dream.He's now a part of the team，despite his total  4  ，playing the game not based on sight but on  5  .

Being a  6  fan of the USC Trojans，one of Jake's last   7  before he lost his eye was to watch the team play at Notre Dame.His strong liking for the sport didn't go  8  —former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to meet the  9  .

Inspired by those players，Jake hoped to be  10  in his school's football team.At first he didn't think he would be of any real  11  but when he heard people's cheers for football players，his love for football strengthened.So Jake  12  the coach，asking to join the team.The coach told him to  13  the next season.So Jake spent his time practicing hard.  14  ，he became a starter on the team in the next season.Having made his high school football team，it didn't seem too  15  to do the same in college.Coach Steve agreed that Jake   16  the requirements of the team.So Jake's dream came true.

  17  football，Jake is also a motivational speaker.“I went into football with the thought that I had nothing to   18  ，”Jake said.“I really had no fear.Going through  19  in life does make you stronger.Life's unfair，but it's   20  me not to give up and keep fighting.”

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Jake Olson双目失明，但这并没有阻止他对运动的热爱。他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员，并且他还是一位励志演讲人。

1．A.Unless　　　　　 B．Though

C．Only if D．Now that

解析：根据下文的“it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared...”可知，此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗，癌症被控制住了，但是它还是复发了，并导致(led to)Jake Olson失去了他的右眼。主从句之间存在让步关系，故选Though。

答案：B

2．A.backed off  B．held back

C．broke down D．led to

解析：参见上题解析。back off“退缩，退却”；hold back“抑制，阻止”；break down“出故障，崩溃”。

答案：D

3．A.forgotten  B．quitted

C．realized D．ignored

解析：但是，在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后，Jake实现了(realized)那个不可能的梦。下文中的“Jake's dream came true”亦是提示。forget“忘记”；quit“放弃”；ignore“忽视”。

答案：C

4．A.blindness  B．absence

C．deafness D．innocence

解析：根据上文中的“lost his left eye”“the loss of his right eye”可知，此处指尽管Jake双目失明(blindness)，但他现在成了球队的一员。absence“缺席”；deafness“聋”；innocence“无辜”。

答案：A

5．A.ability  B．guess

C．feel D．imagination

解析：根据上文提到的Jake双目失明的内容可知，此处指的应是他打球靠的不是视力而是感觉(feel)。ability“能力”；guess“猜测”；imagination“想象”。

答案：C

6．A.responsible  B．faithful

C．careful D．temporary

解析：根据语境及上文的“years of cheering for his favorite football team”可知，此处指作为USC Trojans球队的忠实粉丝，Jake在失去视力之前最后的愿望(wishes)之一是观看球队在Notre Dame的比赛。responsible“负责任的”；faithful“忠实的”；careful“细心的”；temporary“临时的”。

答案：B

7．A.chances  B．promises

C．courses D．wishes

解析：参见上题解析。

答案：D

8．A.unnoticed  B．unsolved

C．unreported D．unlimited

解析：根据下文的“former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to...”可知，此处指Jake对运动的热爱并不是不被注意的。unnoticed“未被注意的，被忽视的”；unsolved“未解决的”；unreported“未报道的”；unlimited“无限制的，无条件的”。

答案：A

9．A.leaders  B．players

C．fans D．coaches

解析：根据语境及上文提到的Jake是球队的忠实粉丝以及想观看球队的比赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练Pete邀请Jake跟球员们(players)见面。下文中的“Inspired by those players”是关键的提示信息。

答案：B

10．A.occupied  B．involved

C．trapped D．absorbed

解析：受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能加入学校的橄榄球队。be involved in是固定搭配，意为“参与，参加”。be occupied in“忙于”；be trapped in“被困在”；be absorbed in“全神贯注于”。

答案：B

11．A.interest  B．hope

C．use D．concern

解析：此处指尽管Jake想加入学校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake最初觉得自己加入球队并不会有什么实际的用处(use)。

答案：C

12．A.approached  B．appreciated

C．recognized D．greeted

解析：因此，Jake找了教练，请求加入球队。approach“靠近，接洽”；appreciate“感谢，欣赏”；recognize“认出，认可”；greet“迎接，打招呼”。

答案： A

13．A.pull through  B．set out

C．leave off D．come back

解析：根据下文的“the next season...he became a starter on the team in the next season”可知，此处指教练叫Jake下个赛季再回来。pull through“痊愈，康复”；set out“动身踏上”；leave off“停止”；come back“回来，返回”。

答案：D

14．A.Gradually  B．Finally

C．Recently D．Accidentally

解析：所以Jake花时间刻苦练习，最后，在下个赛季，他成了球队的上场球员。gradually“逐渐地”；finally“最后，终于”；recently“最近”；accidentally“偶然地，意外地”。

答案：B

15．A.difficult  B．accessible

C．attractive D．necessary

解析：根据上文的“Having made his high school football team”可知，因为有了高中的球队经历，成为大学球队的队员似乎也不是太难。difficult“困难的”；accessible“可接近的”；attractive“吸引人的”；necessary“必要的”。

答案：A

16．A.refreshed  B．completed

C．satisfied D．acquired

解析：根据句中的“Coach Steve agreed”及下文中的“So Jake's dream came true.”可知，此处指教练Steve觉得Jake达到了球队的要求，因此Jake加入大学球队的梦想实现了。refresh“更新”；complete“完成”；satisfy“满足”；acquire“获得”。

答案：C

17．A.Apart from  B．Instead of

C．Regardless of D．Except for

解析：根据下文的“Jake is also a motivational speaker”可知，除了打橄榄球之外，Jake也是一位励志演讲人。apart from“除……之外(还有)”；instead of“而不是”；regardless of “不管”；except for“除……之外”。

答案：A

18．A.share  B．lose

C．offer D．desire

解析：根据语境及下文的“I really had no fear.”可知，此处指Jake起初是带着自己没有任何可失去(lose)的东西的想法开始打橄榄球的。

答案：B

19．A.failures  B．challenges

C．competitions D．fears

解析：Jake身有残疾，所以要面对许多生活中的挑战(challenges)，而这也使他变得更加坚强。failure“失败”；competition“竞争”；fear“恐惧”。

答案：B

20．A.warned  B．begged

C．convinced D．taught

解析：根据上文内容可知，此处指的是生活是不公平的，但它告诉Jake不要放弃，要坚持下去。warn“警告”；beg“乞求”；convince“说服”；teach“使明白”。

答案：D

Ⅲ.短文改错

My parents were away for a whole week visit my grandparents in a city about 200 kilometres away.I was really exciting at the thought of being at home alone and doing everything by myself.I was watching TV one night that the screen suddenly went black.I check，finding that there was no electricity.It was too lately at night to do anything，so I went to bed earlier.The next morning，I rang mother and she told me to take the electricity card to the bank and bought some electricity.I did as she told me.When I got back home，I put a card into the meter and the electricity started working again.Although in the night I was a bit worried，especially because there was no electricity，but I was happy that I could solve the problem in the end.

答案：

My parents were away for a whole week my grandparents in a city about 200 kilometres away.I was really  at the thought of being at home alone and doing everything by myself.I was watching TV one night  the screen suddenly went black.I ，finding that there was no electricity.It was too  at night to do anything，so I went to bed earlier.The next morning，I rang    mother and she told me to take the electricity card to the bank and  some electricity.I did as she told me.When I got back home，I put  card into the meter and the electricity started working again.Although  the night I was a bit worried，especially because there was no electricity，I was happy that I could solve the problem in the end.