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    2019版高考英语一轮优化探究(话题部分)练习:话题11 必修5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom(含解析)
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    2019版高考英语一轮优化探究(话题部分)练习:话题11 必修5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom(含解析)

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    .阅读理解

    A

    Nowadays there are many new cars on the road.Some new models are flashy and others are fuel efficientand embedded technology(嵌入式系统技术) is at the heart of all of them.

    The new Ford Escape has a radarenabled adaptive cruise control(巡航车速控制装置) to avoid collisionswith sensors on the front and side of the car.Ford's Mark Schirmer says the electronic system can be accessed through the dashboard or a smartphone.

    I am from Michigan.If it is a cold morningI can have it start up right before I am scheduled to leave to go to the airport or go to work.You can find your car or if one of your family members borrows the carit will show you exactly where it issaid Schirmer.

    Thirdparty products now in developmentlike this emergency warning systemhelp drivers who fail to hear an approaching siren.A near miss with an ambulance inspired the product from the Chicago startup HAAScofounded by Cory Hohs.It scared me enough that I started looking for a product that would alert me when they are  comingsaid  Hohs.

    A  sobriety detector(清醒度检测器) from  a  Canadian  company called Sober Steering is sold to companies with fleets of vehiclessuch as buses.Chief Operating Officer Catherine Carroll says a sensor on the steering wheel can detect alcohol vapors emitted from the skin.If I am drinking and I have levels above a preset limitit immobilizes the vehicleso you cannot move the vehicle that you are drivingsaid  Carroll.

    One company founder says the connected technology is playing an important role in people's daily life.He saysYou can buy a washing machineyou can buy a microwave that has WiFi and connects to a router.Also the connected technology of the cars has become as important as performance and styling.

     [语篇解读] 本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了一系列最新电子产品,它们能使驾车变得更安全、更便利。

    1What caused the invention of the emergency warning system?

    AThe call of a skilled driver.

    BAn accident nearly caused by an ambulance.

    CBad hearing of some drivers.

    DThe increasing number of ambulances on the road.

    解析:细节理解题。根据文章第四段A near miss with an ambulance inspired the product from the Chicago start­up HAASco­founded by Cory Hohs.可知,紧急报警系统的设计是源于一起救护车险些撞车事故。

    答案:B

    2According to the texta sobriety detector aims to         .

    Areduce tirednessrelated accidents

    Bmake the drivers awake all the time

    Cavoid drunken driving

    Dstop the drivers falling asleep

    解析:细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知,清醒度检测器能够检测到皮肤上的酒精,如果司机饮酒或是超过限定量,汽车将自动熄火,这样就会避免酒驾。

    答案:C

    3According to the last paragraphthe connected technology is        .

    Achanging our lives at home and on the road

    Bmaking the cars on the road much more attractive

    Cletting people's daily life much more colorful

    Dgetting the cars welcomed by more people

    解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段One company founder says the connected technology is playing an important role in people's daily life.及他所说的话买一个能够与路由器相连接的洗衣机或是微波炉。汽车的连接技术和性能、款式同等重要。可知,连接技术改变了我们的日常生活和道路状况。

    答案:A

    4What does the author mainly want to tell us?

    APeople like the cars that are fuel efficient most.

    BEmbedded technology is the most advanced to cars.

    CThe technology can't keep up with the development of society.

    DElectronic products make driving much easier and safer.

    解析:主旨大意题。本文主要列举了一系列电子产品,这些最新电子产品使驾车变得更容易、更安全。

    答案:D

    B

    Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead.They warn the 150minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people—particularly older individuals.And trying to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked.But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.

    There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart diseasetype 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and  some  types of cancer.UK guidelines for adults recommend at least twoandahalf hours of moderate activity a weekin short periods of 10 minutes or more.

    But in two separate articles in The BMJexperts argue the message needs to changewith greater emphasis on making inactive people move more.Prof.Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouseadvises people who are sedentary (久坐不动的)  to  make  small  increases  in  their activity levels—rather than pushing to achieve current goals.He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of energetic activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of deathcompared to people who do no exercise.

    In the second articleProf.Philipe Sparkling of the Georgia Institute of Technologysays doctors should tailor their advice—particularly for older patients.He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss “realistic options”to increase activity—such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.

    Prof.Kevin Fenton at Public Health England saysEveryone needs to be active every day—short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefitsbut getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions.This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

    [语篇解读] 本文主要讨论了人们对现行锻炼指导原则的不同看法。

    5What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?

    A10minute exercise. B20minute exercise.

    C60minute exercise. D150minute exercise.

    解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的They warn the 150­minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people—particularly older individuals.And trying to reach these goals可知现行的锻炼目标是每周150分钟的运动量故选D

    答案:D

    6What can we learn from the second paragraph?

    A10minute exercise has little effect on the health.

    BHeart disease happens easily to the old in activity.

    CTwoandahalf hours of exercise is not necessary.

    DInactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.

    解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart diseasetype 2 diabetes (糖尿病)and some types of cancer.可知,不活动会引发很多疾病,故选D

    答案:D

    7What is the suggestion of Prof.Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph?

    APeople should spend less time on exercise.

    BPeople should lower their activity levels.

    CPeople should increase exercise properly.

    DPeople should achieve their current goals.

    解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句Prof.Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouseadvises people who are sedentary(久坐不动的)to make small increases in their activity levels—rather than pushing to achieve current goals.可知,Philipe de Souto Barreto教授建议人们要适当增加锻炼,故选C

    答案:C

    8Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines?

    AThey are impractical.

    BThey are reasonable.

    CThey have no effect on us.

    DThey are popular with people.

    解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead.可知,现行的锻炼指导原则并不实用,故选A

    答案:A

    .完形填空

    I retired from my family business four years ago.But I've never been  1  of a challenge.I've sailed around the world before.And I've decided to fly east from Western Australia in a   2  .

    For the last two years I had trained hardspending 150 hours  3  with my ground team.When the big day camethousands of people gathered to  4  the launch.It was a   5  startwith a smooth and steady takeoff.I was  6  but still had some doubts—I was flying into the  7  .I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again.

    The capsule where I stayed was designed to   8  if I landed in waterbut I was not sure whether I could  9   the cruelty of the ocean.  10  I kept watching the weathercommunicating with my land team and  11  the altitude to achieve the perfect speed and direction.

    On my fifth dayI was terrified to notice I was losing oxygen.  12  I managed to save my life by adjusting the pressure in the oxygen  cylinder (氧气瓶) to  stop  the  oxygen escaping.

    I know it was vital to stay  13  to control the flightaltitude and my oxygen flowso I held a spoon between two fingers—If I  14  it would fall and wake me up.I never questioned why I was doing this.It is such a unique  15  to see our beautiful planet from high above.

    Seeing the coast of Australia again on my 11th day was a huge  16  .I knew my journey was nearly over.It was to be a new world record.I could see my team   17   below as I flew over.

    This  18  really pushed me to my limitsbut it hasn't   19  me.Next yearI want to fly even higher to break another  20  for the hotair balloon flight.

    [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。退休四年后,从西澳大利亚州乘热气球向东旅行,十一天后平安着陆。创造了世界纪录,准备明年继续挑战自己。

    1A.shy      Bskeptical

    Cfond Dconfident

    解析:根据该句中But表达的语境并结合下句中环球航行过并决定乘热气球从西澳大利亚州向东旅行的描述可知,不害怕(shy)挑战。shy of/about(doing)sth.意为害怕(),对()……心怀顾忌B项意为怀疑的C项意为喜爱的D项意为自信的

    答案:A

    2A.plane  Bhelicopter

    Cwingsuit Dhotair balloon

    解析:根据本文最后一句中的the hot­air balloon可知,是乘热气球旅行的,故D项正确。

    答案:D

    3A.debating  Bpreparing

    Ccarving Dtraveling

    解析:根据该句中的I have trained hard可知,过去两年艰苦训练,花了150个小时的时间和的地面团队一起准备(preparing)A项意为辩论C项意为雕刻D项意为旅游,都与语境不符。

    答案:B

    4A.welcome  Binspect

    Cdelay Dwitness

    解析:根据该句中的thousands of people gathered to可知,在那一天,成千上万的人聚集在一起见证(witness)了起飞过程。A项意为欢迎B项意为检查C项意为推迟

    答案:D

    5A.perfect  Bfalse

    Cpoor Dfresh

    解析:根据该句中的with a smooth and steady take­off可知,热气球起飞时很平稳;据此可以判断,这是一个完美的(perfect)开始。B项意为错误的C项意为贫穷的D项意为新鲜的

    答案:A

    6A.amused  Bpuzzled

    Cexcited Dfrightened

    解析:根据上句中的with a smooth and steady take­off和下文but的转折可知,热气球起飞时平稳,感到很兴奋(excited)A项意为有趣的B项意为困惑的D项意为害怕的

    答案:C

    7A.future  Bunknown

    Cshelter Dreality

    解析:根据下句I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again可知,无法保证能再次看到的朋友和家人;据此可以判断,向着未知的(unknown)地方旅行。A项意为未来C项意为避难所D项意为现实

    答案:B

    8A.digest  Brecycle

    Cfloat Dfly

    解析:根据该句中的if I landed in water可知,如果掉入水中,飞行舱能漂浮在水面上。A项意为消化B项意为回收利用D项意为飞翔

    答案:C

    9A.survive  Bshow

    Cevaluate Dcomment

    解析:根据该句中的cruelty of the ocean并结合上段最后一句I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again可知,不确定自己能不能在严酷的海洋环境中幸存(survive)下来。

    答案:A

    10A.Finally  BHowever

    CTherefore DBesides

    解析:空处上文陈述怀疑自己能不能在严酷的海洋环境中幸存下来,空处下文陈述不断观察天气并与地面的团队保持联系;据此可以判断,空处前后之间为因果关系,故C项正确。

    答案:C

    11A.losing  Bignoring

    Cproving Dadjusting

    解析:根据该句中的to achieve the perfect speed and direction可知,调整(adjusting)高度,以达到最佳的速度和方向。

    答案:D

    12A.Strangely  BLuckily

    CNormally DConveniently

    解析:空前陈述在第五天发现氧气泄漏;空后陈述通过调整氧气瓶的气压阻止了氧气的泄漏而成功地救了自己;据此可以判断,该处表示幸运地,故B项正确。

    答案:B

    13A.calm  Bawake

    Cpatient Drelaxed

    解析:根据下文中的it would fall and wake me up可知,作者明白在飞行过程中,必须保持头脑清醒来控制飞行、高度及氧流量。stay awake保持清醒

    答案:B

    14A.looked around  Bcarried on

    Cdropped off Dturned up

    解析:根据语境可知,在两指之间夹了一把汤匙,如果打盹儿(dropped off)了,汤匙就会落地从而把叫醒。A项意为环顾B项意为继续D项意为出现,调大声音

    答案:C

    15A.experience  Bexcuse

    Cdream Dtradition

    解析:根据该句语境可知,在高空看我们的星球是一种独特的体验(experience)B项意为借口C项意为梦想D项意为传统

    答案:A

    16A.loss  Bdisaster

    Cburden Drelief

    解析:根据该句中的Seeing the coast of Australia again on my 11th day可知,在第十一天再次看到澳大利亚的海岸线对来说是一种巨大的欣慰(relief)

    答案:D

    17A.exercising  Bcelebrating

    Cescaping Dquarreling

    解析:根据语境可知,在第十一天终于再次看到了澳大利亚的海岸线,据此可知,的冒险旅行成功结束并且创造了新的世界纪录;据此可以判断,能看到的地面团队正在祝贺(celebrating)的成功。

    答案:B

    18A.challenge  Baccident

    Crace Dfailure

    解析:根据第一段第二句中的challenge可知,这次挑战将推向了极限。B项意为事故C项意为赛跑D项意为失败,都与语境不符。

    答案:A

    19A.interested  Bconfused

    Cannoyed Ddiscouraged

    解析:根据该句中的pushed me to my limits可知,这次挑战将推向了极限;结合下文可知,将在明年再次挑战自己,飞得更高,挑战另一个纪录;据此可以判断,这次的挑战并没有使灰心(discouraged)

    答案:D

    20A.promise  Bbalance

    Crecord Dbarrier

    解析:根据上一段倒数第二句中的a new world record可知,想要飞得更高,打破另一个纪录(record)A项意为承诺B项意为平衡D项意为障碍

    答案:C

    .短文改错

    I have met many teachers since I begin my schooling.Of all my teachersMrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50she looks very young at her age.Comparing with other teachersMrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and interestingly.In her opinionwe will not only know “what”but also understand “why”So instead of giving us answer immediatelyshe encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions.With her helpwe have learned how to analyze and settled problems.What the amazing world of “why” she leads usShe is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.

    答案:

    I have met many teachers since I  my schooling.Of all my teachersMrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50she looks very young  her age.  with other teachersMrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and . In her opinionwe will not only know “what” but also understand “why”So instead of giving us  immediatelyshe encourages us to think carefully every time she puts forward questions.With her helpwe have learned how to analyze and  problems.What  amazing world of “why” she leads us    She is such a learned person that we all admire  very much.

     

     

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