2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题8 必修1 Unit 3 Travel journal(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Biologist Robert Pitman and his colleagues tracked orcas，or killer whales，and humpback whales off the coast of Western Australia.To research further，the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca，which allowed them to use satellites to monitor her movements.They followed her for six days.During that time，the orca attacked eight young humpback whales.During the seven attacks，the orca killed the humpback whale calf (幼兽) on three occasions.

But the story doesn't end there.Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally，passive creatures.Pitman's study findings may let people think otherwise.

When chased by orcas，humpback whales are known to try to outswim orcas.They are thought to do this at high speed so that the orcas can't keep up.On some occasions，the humpback whales sought out protection.They swam to shallow water，nearby reefs，or even under the researchers' boats.These ways often reduced the attack.But at other times，the humpback whales decided to stay and fight.

As the orcas approached，the mother humpback would sometimes move her calf to her side，or lift it out of the water using her head or flippers.She also blew huge breaths of air to disturb the orcas，and lunged or charged at them，slashing(劈)and slapping her tail and flippers.Perhaps most surprisingly，humpback whales also have adult “escorts  (护卫队)” that try to protect calves that are not their own，joining the mother in defending the smaller whale.These escort whales either charged at the orcas，or placed themselves between the attackers and calves，slashing their tails and flippers.

Despite the efforts of the mother whales and escorts，the  orcas were more often than not successful in their attacks.But the presence of the escorts did reduce how many times a whale calf was killed.

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家使用科学仪器来观察杀人鲸是如何追杀驼背鲸及后者是如何反击和保护幼小的驼背鲸的。

1．What's the purpose of the scientists' further research?

A．To keep a record of whales' living habits.

B．To observe orcas' hunting humpback whales.

C．To see what life­or­death battles whales may face.

D．To find out the techniques orcas use when hunting.

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“To research further...to use satellites to monitor her movements.They followed her for six days.During that time，the orca attacked eight young humpback whales...”可知，科学家进行进一步研究的目的是观察杀人鲸追杀驼背鲸的活动。故选B。

答案：B

2．Why did the humpback whales swim to shallow water?

A．To avoid being attacked.

B．To hunt for food.

C．To protect their young.

D．To trick the chasers.

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“On some occasions，the humpback whales sought out protection.They swam to shallow water，nearby reefs，or even under the researchers' boats.”可知，驼背鲸游至浅水区是出于自身的安全考虑，为了避免被攻击。故选A。

答案：A

3．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?

A．Why humpback whales fall victim to orcas.

B．How humpback whales protect their calves.

C．The great mother love of humpback whales.

D．Smaller humpback whales' ways of surviving.

解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，本段主要讲的是在面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸是如何进行反击来保护自己的幼崽的。故B项最能概括本段的主旨要义。

答案：B

4．What does Pitman's study find?

A．Orcas are successful in their attacks.

B．It's not easy for orcas to obtain food.

C．Humpback whales swim faster than orcas.

D．Humpback whales could be active animals.

解析：推理判断题。第二段提到“Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally，passive creatures.Pitman's study findings may let people think otherwise.”，驼背鲸一般被认为是大型的但是通常被动的生物，Pitman的研究发现可能会让人不这么认为。下文接着讲了面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸所采取的一些应对方式，其中包含积极迎击。故选D。

答案：D

B

Opera is an art form that celebrates the human voice.No other art form creates excitement and moves the heart in the way that opera does，especially when performed by a great singer.Opera is an important part of the Western classical music tradition.It uses music，words，and actions to bring a dramatic story to life.Opera started in Italy at the end of the 16th century and later became popular throughout Europe.Over the years，it has responded to various musicals.In recent decades，much wider audiences have been introduced to opera through modern recording technology.Some singers have become celebrities thanks to performing on radio，on TV，and in the cinema.

However，in recent years，opera has been facing serious challenges.One current challenge to opera is economics.The shortage of money raises the broader question of how much should be paid to support opera singers and other artists.Society seems to accept the large salaries paid to business managers and the multi­million­dollar contracts given to sports athletes.But what about opera singers? Somehow，people have the idea that artists can be creative only if they suffer in poverty，but this is unrealistic.If artists，including opera singers，lack the support they need，valuable talent is wasted.

Not only the shortage of money，but also the way money is managed in the opera world has led to hardships.Principal singers are generally paid performance fees once they complete a show.They typically receive nothing during the many weeks of rehearsal (排练)before a show starts.

Another problem faced by opera is how to meet the demands of audiences who are influenced by popular entertainment.Pop singers are often judged as much on the basis of how they look as how they sound.These demands may be unrealistic and possibly harmful.Opera singers simply cannot make a sound big enough to fill a large theater or concert hall without a microphone if their body weight is too low.Emphasizing physical appearance over singing ability may cause audiences to miss out on the human voice at its best.

There are no easy solutions to opera's problems and there are many different opinions about the value of opera.However，every year many young people register for music courses with hopes and dreams of developing their talent in this special art form.The fact that opera has survived many obstacles and continues to attract the rising generation shows that it remains a respectable art form full of value.

[语篇解读]　本文主要讨论了歌剧所面临的挑战和困难。

5．Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Opera singers' life stories are dramatic.

B．Opera will soon appear on TV and in films.

C．Opera fans thank celebrities for performing.

D．Opera develops by adapting to new conditions.

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Over the years，it has responded to various musicals.”可推知，歌剧适应新的状况而得以发展，故选D。

答案：D

6．What can we know from Paragraphs 2 and 3?

A．Opera singers are financially insecure.

B．Opera singers waste their valuable talent.

C．Opera singers get paid before the show.

D．Opera singers perform better if they are poor.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“One current challenge to opera is economics.”以及第三段第一句“Not only the shortage of money，but also the way money is managed in the opera world has led to hardships.”可知，歌剧演唱家的经济是有问题的，不安全的，故选A。

答案：A

7．What does the author try to say in Paragraph 4?

A．Popular culture has had a positive influence on opera.

B．Audiences know best how opera should be performed.

C．Microphones should be used to make opera more enjoyable.

D．Opera singers' voices should be valued more than their looks.

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Emphasizing physical appearance over singing ability may cause audiences to miss out on the human voice at its best.”可知，歌剧演唱家的声音要比外貌重要得多，故选D。

答案：D

8．What would be the best title for this passage?

A．The Economic Challenge to Opera

B．Opera Faced with the Difficulties

C．Opera as Part of Popular Culture

D．The Historical Context of Opera

解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段第一句“There are no easy solutions to opera's problems and there are many different opinions about the value of opera.”并结合全文的整体内容可知，本文主要讨论的是歌剧所面临的问题和挑战，故选B。

答案：B

Ⅱ.完形填空

Albert Einstein，who was born in Germany in 1879，is known as one of the greatest scientists in the world.When he was a little boy，he was slow to talk and had   1  learning to read.He always preferred staying alone and thinking  2  .

At the age of 20，Einstein studied at the Swiss Federal University of Technology in Zurich.Once Einstein asked his  3   “How can a person，  4  me，leave his distinct footprints on the road of life and make an outstanding  5  in the scientific field？”It was a  6  problem.The tutor said that he had to  7  it carefully and then gave him an answer.

After three days，the tutor told Einstein that the  8  was coming！He  9  Einstein to walk toward a building site and set feet on the cement(水泥) ground that the construction workers had just paved.In the workers' scolding，Einstein was  10  to ask his tutor，“Sir，aren't  you misleading me？”

“Right，exactly！” the tutor said.“Have you seen it？Only on the  11  paved road can you leave your footprints，while you can't   12  your footprints on those old roads that have been stepped by countless  13  .”

After hearing what he said，Einstein was lost in deep thought and an open and clear way  14  in his mind.Since then，a very  15   sense of innovation (创新) and  pioneering consciousness began   16  Einstein's thinking and action.He said，“I never  17  what dictionaries and textbooks carry；My mind only remembers those things that are not  18  in books.”It was for such a reason   19   Einstein left his deep sparkling footprints in the history of   20  .

[语篇解读]　本文为一篇记叙文。爱因斯坦的大学导师巧妙地回答了爱因斯坦一个有关人生的问题，从而使爱因斯坦找到了自己的人生之路。

1．A.fun　　　　　 B．pleasure

C．difficulty D．luck

解析：根据本句中的“slow to talk”可知他在学习读书方面有困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构，意为：在做……方面有困难。

答案：C

2．A.proudly  B．deeply

C．highly D．roughly

解析：根据本句中的“preferred staying alone”以及常识可知本题答案为deeply。

答案：B

3．A.assistant  B．partner

C．staff D．tutor

解析：根据本段最后一句中的“The tutor said...”可知答案为tutor(导师)。assistant“助手”；partner“同伴”；staff“全体职工”。

答案：D

4．A.as for  B．in spite of

C．like D．except

解析：一个像(like)我这样的人如何才能在人生道路上留下清晰的足迹，在科学领域做出杰出的贡献(contribution)呢？

答案：C

5．A.contribution  B．reputation

C．decision D．impression

解析：解析见上句。contribution“贡献”；reputation“名声”；decision“决定”；impression“印象”。

答案：A

6．A.complex  B．flexible

C．satisfying D．amusing

解析：根据下句导师的话可知爱因斯坦提出的问题很难回答，故答案为complex (复杂的)。

答案：A

7．A.refer to  B．deal with

C．argue over D．think about

解析：学生提出一个很复杂的问题，老师要认真思索(think about it carefully)，然后再给出答案。

答案：D

8．A.moment  B．answer

C．problem D．footprints

解析：根据上段最后一句中的“an answer”可知答案为answer。

答案：B

9．A.pulled  B．forced

C．reminded D．allowed

解析：他拉着(pulled)爱因斯坦朝建筑工地走去。force“迫使”；remind“提醒”；allow“允许”。

答案：A

10．A.satisfied  B．delighted

C．confused D．concerned

解析：爱因斯坦是迷惑的(confused)。satisfied“满意的”；delighted“高兴的”；concerned“担心的”。

答案：C

11．A.formally  B．newly

C．originally D．previously

解析：根据常识可知只有新(newly)铺的水泥路才能留下脚印。故答案为B项。

答案：B

12．A.measure  B．remain

C．leave D．remove

解析：然而那些被无数人(humans)踩过的老路，你不能留下(leave)脚印。

答案：C

13．A.scientists  B．students

C．musicians D．humans

解析：解析见上题。scientists“科学家”；students“学生”；musicians“音乐家”；humans“人”。

答案：D

14．A.arose  B．appreciated

C．absorbed D．accumulated

解析：arise意为：出现，符合句意。appreciate“欣赏，感激”；absorb“吸收”；accumulate“积累”。

答案：A

15．A.strange  B．sweet

C．slight D．strong

解析：从此，一种强烈的(strong)创新和开拓意识开始主导着(governing)爱因斯坦的思维和行动。strange“奇怪的”；sweet“甜蜜的”；slight“轻微的”。

答案： D

16．A.equipping  B．governing

C．guarding D．questioning

解析：解析见上题。equip“装备”；govern“主导”；guard“保卫”；question“问”。

答案：B

17．A.master  B．undertake

C．update D．memorize

解析：此空与下文中的“remembers”相对应，故答案为memorize。master“精通，掌握”；undertake“从事”；update“更新”。

答案：D

18．A.invented  B．employed

C．included D．equipped

解析：我从不记忆字典、课本上的东西，我只记忆书中不包括(included)的那些东西。invent“发明”；employ“雇用”；equip“装备”。

答案：C

19．A.that  B．why

C．what D．when

解析：本句为强调句型，被强调部分为for such a reason。强调句型是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分，故答案为that。

答案：A

20．A.biology  B．science

C．medicine D．literature

解析：根据第二段中的“...in the scientific field”及常识可知选science。

答案：B

Ⅲ.短文改错

Dear Diana，

Yesterday my friend David came round with a new game and asked to play it by my dad's computer.I was a little worried，because my dad used it mainly for his work，and I'm only allowed to use it for my homework.It happened when my dad was out，so we tried out the game.After playing，I took it off the computer. However，when I restarted computer，I found some of my dad's documents miss. Later in the afternoon，my dad used the computer，but couldn't find the document in it.He became very angry，but I dared not to tell him about the game.Now I'm feeling regretful and disturbing.I'm not sure whether a computer's repair shop can get the documents back.Should I tell him the truth，and should I pay to repair it? I wish for your advice.

Yours ever，

Steve

答案：

Dear Diana，

Yesterday my friend David came round with a new game and asked to play it  my dad's computer.I was a little worried，because my dad  it mainly for his work，and I'm only allowed to use it for my homework.It happened  my dad was out，so we tried out the game.After playing，I took it off the computer.However，when I restartedcomputer，I found some of my dad's documents.Later in the afternoon，my dad used the computer，but couldn't find the  in it.He became very angry，but I dared nottell him about the game.Now I'm feeling regretful and . I'm not sure whether a  repair shop can get the documents back.Should I tell him the truth， should I pay to repair it? I wish for your advice.

Yours ever，

Steve