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2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book6 Unit4 Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld
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Book 6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world
晨读暮诵 单元话题——日常活动
1．occur v．发生
2．advocate v．提倡
3．assistance n．帮助
4．harmonious adj.和谐的
5．regretful adj.后悔的
6．congratulate v．祝贺
7．independent adj.独立的
8．remind v．提醒
9．meaningful adj.有意义的
10．hesitation n．犹豫
11．give up放弃
12．rather than而不是
13．belong to属于
14．be familiar with对……熟悉
15．have a talent for在……有天赋
16．remind sb.of…使某人想起……
17．call on sb.to do sth.号召某人做某事
18．receive many awards for因为……获得很多奖
1．There is no doubt that such a deed should be encouraged.
毫无疑问这种行为应该得到鼓励。
2．It has been one of the traditional Chinese virtues to help those in trouble.
帮助处在困难中的人一直是中华传统美德。
3．It is our duty to make our world a more harmonious place to live in.
使我们的世界成为一个更和谐的生活的地方是我们的职责。
4．I strongly advocate that all of us should learn from him and always be ready to help others.
我极力提倡我们大家应该向他学习并且随时做好帮助他人的准备。
5．Actions speak louder than words.
行动比言语更为响亮。
(2018·高考天津卷)假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。
(1)比赛的时间、地点；
(2)邀请他的原因；
(3)训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。
注意：(1)词数不少于100；
(2)可适当添加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics Competition
Dear Chris，
I have good news to tell you._________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Jin
[参考范文]
Dear_Chris，
I_have_good_news_to_tell_you.The World Adolescent Robotics competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July so as to promote the development of robotics.
What I would like to stress is that it is looking for new members at this moment.I would like to invite you to take part in it, since I know you've just won first prize in the Robotics competition held in your institute and have shown great talent in designing robotics.Therefore, you are the most suitable person, I suppose.
The training schedule, in addition to regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.I will send its details to you by email.I would appreciate it if you give us some advice on how to make it perfect.
I'm_looking_forward_to_your_reply.
Yours，
Li_Jin
[高频词汇]
1．__________(n.&vt.)缺乏
2．________(n.) 大使
3．________(adj.) 令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
4．________(vt.) 购得；获得，得到
5．________(vi.& vt.) 扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强
6．________(adj.) 可供替代的；(n.) 可供选择的事物
7．________(n.) 手段，方法
8．________(vt.) (尤指经努力)获得；赢得
9．________(n.) 同事
10．__________ (n.)细菌
11．________(vt.) 提醒，使想起
12．________(n.) 障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物
【答案】1.lack 2.ambassador 3.worthy 4.acquire
5．expand 6.alternative 7.means 8.obtain 9.colleague
10．bacteria 11.remind 12.barrier
[派生词汇]
1．________(n.)描写(文字)，形容，说明→________(vt.)描述，形容；描绘
2．________(adj.) 平等的；同等的(n.) 同等的人；相等物(vt.) 与……相同或相等→________(adv.) 相等地
3．________(adj.) 志愿的；自愿的，主动的→________(n.) 志愿者(v.) 自愿做
4．________(vt.& vi.) 捐献，捐赠(尤指款或物)，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→________(n.) 贡献；捐献；投稿→________(n.) 贡献者；捐献者；投稿人
5．________(adj.) 紧急的，紧迫的→________(n.) 紧急；紧急的事
6．________(n.) 饥饿；挨饿；饿死→________(vt.&vi.) (使)饿死，(使)挨饿
7．________(n.) 个人财产；拥有，具有→________(vt.) 占有；拥有；具有→________(adj.) 拥有的，具有的
8．________(n.) 承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→__________(v.) 犯罪，做错事；把……托付给；使……承担义务
9．__________(n.)增加；添加；此外，另外→________(vt.&vi.)添加；相加，求和；增加→ __________(adj.)附加的；另外的
10．________(n.)出口产品，输出品；出口(vt.&vi.)出口；输出→(反义词)________(n.)进口产品，进口(vt.&vi.)进口；输入
[词缀归纳]
political是一个以ical结尾的形容词。常见的以ical结尾的高频形容词有：medical医学的；physical物理的，身体的；chemical化学的；electrical与电有关的，电的；technological技术的，工艺的。
【答案】1.description；describe 2.equal；equally 3．voluntary；volunteer 4.contribute；contribution；contributor 5.urgent；urgency 6.starvation；starve 7．possession；possess；possessed 8.commitment；commit 9．addition；add；additional 10.export；import
[语境活用]
1．I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible________(可供选择的事物)．
2．There are many________(方式) of recreation in which people engage in their leisure time.
3．His suggestion put forward at the conference is ________(值得的)to be considered.
4．People________(获得)knowledge and information through reading and studying.
5．As your horizons________(扩大), these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life.
6．I look on it as an opportunity to________(学到)fresh skills.
7．In order to meet the________(紧迫的)needs of the four modernizations, improving the teaching quality is a task which permits no delay.
8．One should never make public property one's private________(个人财产)．
【答案】1.alternatives 2.means 3.worthy 4.obtain
5．expand 6.acquire 7.urgent 8.possession
1．refer ________ 谈及，提到；查阅
2．________ addition 除……以外(还)
3．get hold ________ 得到；抓住
4．________ the umbrella of 在……的保护下
5．________ only 但愿，要是……就好了
6．break ________ 出故障；抛锚
7．________ chaos 处于混乱状态
8．draw someone's attention ________ 使某人察觉到
9．think back ________ 回想
10．make ________ difference 有作用(关系、影响)
11．remind sb.________… 让某人想起……
12．contribute…________… 捐献……
13．far ________ 离……远；远非，远不是
14．put ________ 建造，搭起
15．take ________ 雇佣；承担；呈现
16．stop sb.________ doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
17．look ________ 查阅；向上看
【答案】1.to 2.in 3.of 4.under 5.if 6.down 7.in 8.to 9.to 10.a 11.of 12.to 13.from 14.up 15．on 16.from 17.up
[语境活用]
1．This garden has the best collection of native plants.________ addition, it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.
2．As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for our feet are________the umbrella of them to avoid being hurt.
3．I was forgetting the matter he had told me if you hadn't reminded me ________ it.
4．He was on his way to the airport when his car broke________.
5．His study is________chaos and it will take a long time for him to put his papers in order.
6．It is necessary to draw readers' attention ________ the catalogue.
7．Join us! We will contribute some money ________the orphans on Christmas Eve.
8．If he was able to get others' encouragement, it would make a ________to him.
9．A notice was put ________ in order to remind students of the changed lecture time.
10．The problem he referred ________ in the meeting was difficult to understand.
【答案】1.In 2.under 3.of 4.down 5.in 6.to 7.to
8．difference 9.up 10.to
1. [原句] This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
[点拨] this land was difficult to farm是“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
[仿写] 我发现这个报告很难懂。
I find the lecture is difficult ________.
2. [原句] I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them.
[点拨] 动词不定式的完成形式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前。
[仿写] 真对不起，给你带来这么多麻烦。
I am sorry ________________ you so much.
3. [原句] I would rather you hadn't told me about it.
[点拨] would rather“宁愿，更喜欢”，后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。
[仿写] 我宁愿没去看那部电影。
I would rather that I ________________.
4. [原句] If only there were more people donating money to charities!
[点拨] if only“但愿，要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气条件句或感叹句。
[仿写] 要是我在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中更加自信就好了。
______________ more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!
【答案】1.to understand 2.to have troubled 3.hadn't seen the film 4.If only I had had
第一板块 核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．lack vt.& n．缺乏；不足
(1)v.
(2)n.
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in (在抽象事物方面)缺乏
①As I look back on that day now，it surely lacks any sense of reality.
现在当我回顾那一天时，感到此事确实缺乏现实感。
②She felt nervous, increasingly ________ in confidence about herself.
她感到紧张，对自己越来越没有信心。
【答案】②lacking
[温馨提示] lack是表示状态的及物动词，不用于被动结构，也不用于进行时。
2．equal adj.平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等
(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.(in…) (在……方面)与……相等；能胜任，能应付
equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过/敌得过某人/物
(be) without equal 无与伦比
(2)equally adv. 相等地，相同地
equality n. 平等，同等；均等
①Any man will be equal to doing the task, so long as he is careful.You should give it a try.
只要细心，任何一个人都能胜任这份工作，你应该尝试一下。
②None of us can equal her，either ________ beauty or as a dancer.
不管是容貌还是在舞艺上我们都比不过她。
③Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________ respected.
任何一个人，不管他是政府官员还是公共汽车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。
【答案】②in ③equally
3．contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿
(1)contribute (sth.) to… (把……)贡献给……；(向……)捐款；投稿
contribute to… 促成；有助于
(2) contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件
make contributions/a contribution to… 对……作出贡献
①I make most of my money by writing books but I do contribute ________ magazines sometimes.
我的大部分钱是靠写书赚的，不过我的确有时也向杂志投稿。
②It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.
为祖国作出贡献是我们的责任。
【答案】①to
(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ，书面表达)外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。
[翻译] The true meaning and the culture of Tang poems are difficult to understand for a foreign learner.
4．worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
①He thinks it is never too late to challenge oneself to achieve something worthwhile.
他认为挑战自我获取有价值的东西永远不会太晚。
②________________ examine how we will make greater progress in our studies.
研究一下我们如何在学习上取得更大的进步是值得的。
[词义辨析]
词语
搭配
意义和用法
worthwhile
①It's worthwhile doing…
②It's worthwhile to do…
值得做某事
worth
be worth＋n.
值得……，值……
be worth
doing
“某事值得被做”要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。表示“很值得被做……”用副词well修饰
worthy
be worthy of＋n.
应得某物
①be worthy
of being done
②be worthy
to be done
“某事值得被做……”，接动名词时of后要用动名词的被动式；接不定式时，worthy后要用不定式的被动式。worthy作定语时，表示“有价值的，值得尊敬的”
③What has just happened is well ________ focusing on.It is also ________ of being thought about by everyone present. Is it ________ to spend so much money on a very expensive wedding? We don't think it is ________ it at all.
【答案】②It is worthwhile to ③worth；worthy；worthwhile；worth
5．alternative adj.可供替代的，其他的n.[C]可供选择的事物
alternative ways/methods 各种供选择的方法
an alternative to… ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
There is no alternative… 别无选择
①Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider ________ alternative to gasoline.
天然气是专家们认为能代替汽油的一种储量丰富的燃料。
②I'm afraid if this noise goes on，I shall have no alternative but to call the police.
如果吵闹声继续下去，我恐怕就只好叫警察了。
【答案】①an
6．means n．[C]手段，方法
a means of… 一种……的方法
means of production/transport/communication
生产工具/运输工具/通信手段
by means of 用，依靠；通过
by all means 无论如何；千方百计地；当然可以(口语)
by no means/not by any means
绝对不；无论如何都不(用于句首，句子要倒装)
①Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
此外，惩罚绝不是一个能帮助他们身心健康成长的明智选择。
② She could not speak, but made her wishes known ________ means of signs.
她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。
③Every possible means has been tried, but none worked.
＝All possible means have been tried, but none worked.
各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。
【答案】②by
[温馨提示] means是一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。means前有every，each，one等修饰语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；前有several，some，many，few，all等修饰语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
7．remind vt.提醒，使想起
remind sb.of sth. 使某人想起某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that/whclause
使某人想起……；提醒某人……
①My album of boyhood photographs often reminds me of the past happiness.
童年时的相册经常让我想起儿时的欢乐。
②He'd interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers ________ with their teams about the company's values.
他将会打断他自己的报告，提醒他的经理们和他们的团队谈论公司的价值观。
③But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name，which reminds me I'm home.
但我不介意，因为我想听到她说我的名字，那会提醒我我在家。
【答案】②to talk
8．refer to谈及，提到；指的是；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考
(1)refer to…as… 把……称作……
refer…to… 把……提交给……
(2)reference n. 谈到，提及；参考，查阅
in/with reference to 关于
make (a) reference to 谈到
①People who work in offices are usually refer to as “white collar workers”．
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领”。
②We were completely in the dark in reference to his future plans.
对他的未来计划我们全然不知。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中refer to的含义。
③We can refer to an encyclopedia for information about this subject.________
④Every time I refer to the matter，objection is raised.________
⑤The new law does not refer to land used for farming.________
⑥The American bug could also be a person，referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.________
【答案】③查阅，参考 ④提到 ⑤涉及 ⑥指的是
9．break down出故障，抛锚；失败；身体垮掉；捣毁；(把……)分解
break away (from…) 逃脱；脱离
break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入
break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)
break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等)
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束
①The ice on the river begins to break up when spring comes.
春天来了，河上的冰开始破裂。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中break down的含义。
②Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.________
③If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back.________
④You will break down if you take on more work than you can.________
⑤News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.________
【答案】②分解 ③出故障 ④身体垮掉 ⑤失败
10．make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)
make no/little/much/some difference (to sb./sth.)
(对……)没有/几乎没有/有很大/有些影响
make all the difference (to sb./sth.)
(对……)关系重大，大不相同
tell the difference 区分；分辨
①It evidently made no difference whether I was there to look after things or not.
我在不在那儿照看东西显然无关紧要。
②The twins look so similar that you will be hard pressed to tell the difference ________ them.
这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。
【答案】②between
[温馨提示] make…difference短语中difference不能用复数形式。
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The project was cancelled through ________(lack) of money.
2．—Call me at 9：00.I can't afford to miss such a conference.
—Don't worry.I'll surely ________ (remind) you.
3．I've heard that the tower was built more than 1,000 years ago，so I think it is worthy ________(visit)．
4．The manager said that they had a(n) ________(alternate) plan if the plan they had suggested earlier was not accepted.
5．“The president's report，”a smile on his face，he continued，“________ (refer)to several hot topics，discusses how to increase peasants' income.”
6．This book contributes little ________ our understanding of the subject.
7．Whatever background you come from，you can be ________ (equal) successful with your hard work like many others.
8．The boy was so careless that the glass fell from his hand and it broke ________ on the floor.
9．It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little ________(different)．
10．By no means is ________ true that all English people know their own language well.
【答案】1.lack 2.remind 3.to be visited/of being visited 4.alternative 5.referring 6.to 7.equally 8.up 9．difference 10.it
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Experience is equal as valuable as theory.
_____________________________________________________________
2．The program can contribute to promote the local economy in my hometown.
_____________________________________________________________
3．It is worthy to spend money in educating the children.
_____________________________________________________________
4．The armchair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit.
_____________________________________________________________
5．More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of space.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.equal→equally 2.promote→promoting
3．worthy→worthwhile 4.sit后加in 5.第二个in→for/through
第二板块 经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．This_land_was_difficult_to_farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。
this land was difficult to farm是“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式。用法如下：
(1)主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，该不定式用主动形式表被动意义
(2)在该句式中动词应该是及物动词，如果是不及物动词，应在动词后加上适当的介词
(3)常用于本句型的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，comfortable，safe，dangerous等
①The text is too difficult. The explanation of our teacher will help make it easy to understand.
这篇文章太难了。我们老师的解释有助于使它理解起来更容易。
②I like getting up early in the morning. You know the morning air is so good to breathe.
我喜欢早上早起。你知道早上的空气呼吸起来很好。
③He is easygoing, so he is not difficult ________________.
他很随和，因此和他相处不困难。
【答案】③to get along with
2．If_only there were more people donating money to charities!
但愿有更多的人给慈善机构捐款！
本句中if only…引导的是一种虚拟语气的感叹句，意为“但愿，如果……就好了”，它还可用来引导虚拟语气的条件句。
(1)表示目前较难实现的愿望时使用if only sb. did/were…
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb.had done…
(3)表示与将来事实相反的愿望用if only sb. would/could do…
①If only I were a bird，I should fly through the thick clouds to my dream!
要是我是一只鸟，我就可以穿越层层云朵，飞向我的梦想！
②If only I ________________ her advice，everything would have been right.
要是我采纳了她的建议，一切就都好了。
[词义辨析]
if only
“但愿……，要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句
only if
“只有……”，only if本身不是一个固定词组。only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，主句要部分倒装
③It's too bad that I failed in the English exam.________ I had worked hard at it! Now I know ________ I work hard will I make progress.
【答案】②had taken ③If only；only if
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．凯西在班上以优异的成绩毕业，她为此感到非常高兴。
Kathy was very pleased ________________ with an excellent grade in her class.
2．我宁愿你不要去申请那个职位。
I would rather you ________________________.
3．要是我们能用瓶子装新鲜空气多好！
If only we ________________ the fresh air!
【答案】1.to have graduated 2.did not apply for that position 3.could bottle
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．在非洲一些国家是没有自来水的。(running water)
2．现在，工程师们正在教农民怎样用竹子运水。
3．这些非洲国家需要廉价的运水方法因为他们缺钱。(lack)
4．他们的贫穷是难以描述的。(description)
5．竹筒运水让他们不用花太多钱。(allow)
6．他们觉得这样做是值得的。(worthwhile)
【参考范文】
There is no running water in some African countries.Now，engineers are teaching poor farmers how to carry water by using bamboo.These African countries need cheap ways to carry water because they lack money.Their poverty is beyond description.Bamboo pipes allow them to bring water to their fields without spending a lot of money.They think it is worthwhile.
[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(山西省太原市2018届高三第二次模拟考试)In the story of “The crow and the Pitcher” from Aesop's Fables, a thirsty crow (乌鸦)drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.
Now scientists have evidence to back up that story.Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement (移位) work to their advantage, experiments show.The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.
Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, presented six crows with tubes filled with water.Inside the tubes, a worm or piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crow.In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float.The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.
However, the_birds_handled_awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said.Dropping objects into narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube.The crows obviously didn't realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.
Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks.In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.
1．How did the crows get the snack in Sarah's experiment?
A．By breaking the tube.
B．By dropping in erasers.
C．By standing on the wood.
D．By removing the wood.
2．What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4?
A．They were unable to tell different shapes.
B．They dropped objects only into narrow tubes.
C．They were not aware of the snack at first sight.
D．They mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.
3．What does the text mainly focus on?
A．Stories of Aesop's Fables.
B．The development of crows.
C．Crows' intelligence.
D．Humananimal communication.
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Crows are almost as clever as firstgraders in some respects.
B．Crows understand water displacement completely.
C．Chimps and children are much smarter than crows.
D．The story of “The crow and the Pitcher” lacks evidence.
【答案与解析】
1．B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管子里，使食物浮起，然后吃到食物。所以选项B正确。
2．D 语句猜测题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然细管比粗管只需要更少的水和时间就可以把食物浮起来，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易浮起食物的细管。由此可知，这一句话的意思应该是“鸟儿大多没有选择更容易的方式去获得零食”。所以答案选D。
3．C 主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句以及后面的几个实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。所以答案选C。
4．A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级的小学生一样聪明，所以选项A正确。根据第四段的实验可知，乌鸦并不能很好的理解排水量问题，所以选项B错误。根据最后一段的实验可知，黑猩猩和儿童跟乌鸦一样可以解决类似的问题，这不能说明他们比乌鸦聪明，所以选项C错误。第二段第一句“Now scientists have evidence to back up that story.”可知，科学家们已经有关于这则寓言的证据了。所以选项D错误。
B
(黑龙江省2018仿真模拟五)The clearing of my parents' home has made me think about the importance, even centrality of books to the house's life and soul.The house, and our lives in it, would not have been the same without books.The force of the statement comes home to me as I see what happens when shelves are emptied.The rooms suddenly look uncomfortably bare.
I always rather took it for granted that books furnished a room.The only rooms in our house without books were the diningroom and the bathrooms.Otherwise there were books everywhere: in all the bedrooms, in the drawingroom and in the piano room which became my parents' comfortable winter study.
I couldn't help feeling that books were rather like people: some more formal and boring, others more entertaining; some simply for show, others with unpromising outsides but rich interiors.They did more, in fact, than furnish a room; they were companions who could offer insights, good advice.
Now the books are being contributed (not all, to be sure, but very many), and I fear for their future, almost as if they were refugees (难民)．“Habent sua fata libelli，” goes as the old Latin saying, originally written by Terentianus; it meant that the fate and future of books were determined by the capability of the reader.But the meaning of the phrase has been misunderstood by time and is now associated with the physical fate of particular books, how they have passed from owner to owner.This is how Walter Benjamin read the saying when he wrote his essay Unpacking My Library, which analyses the extraordinarily close relationship between a collector and his or her books.
As I deal with the books—many are going to charity (慈善) shops and I hope they will find good homes— I can't help wondering if my generation is the last that will oversee such a process.Books are disappearing, as more and more are bought in electronic form and exist only as bytes of information on ebooks or other devices.Does this matter? Could books become more spiritual, as they lose their physicality?
5．When clearing his parents' home, the author________.
A．realized the influence of books on his past life
B．thought of the statement his parents once made
C．felt upset to leave his parents' books behind
D．found some empty shelves left by his parents
6．The underlined word “interiors” in Paragraph 3 refers to________.
A．pages B．notes
C．covers D．contents
7．According to Walter Benjamin，________.
A．it's important to pass books from owner to owner
B．the meaning of books is misunderstood by time
C．the future of books depends on readers' capability
D．the fate of books is related to their collectors
8．From the passage we know that________.
A．the author is attached to physical form of books
B．the author's books are bound to find good homes
C．ebooks have taken the place of traditional ones
D．the author's parents used every room of theirs as a study
【答案与解析】
5．A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知清理父母的房间时，作者意识到了书对自己过去生活的影响。故选A。
6．D 词义猜测题。分析句子others with unpromising outsides but rich interiors，此处but是表示转折的连词，前边讲的是“平凡的外表”，推断出后边是“内在丰富”。故interior的意思有“内在”之意，书的内在是内容，故选D。
7．D 细节理解题。第四段最后一句可知Walter Benjamin分析了收藏家和书之间异乎寻常的紧密关系，可知Walter Benjamin认为书的命运和收藏者有关系。故选D。
8．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可以推断出作者更喜欢印刷版的书籍。故选A。
C
(浙江省嘉兴市2018届高三4月模拟英语试题)New Year' s resolutions(决心)have been around long enough that we all scent to stick to the same ones—hit the gym, lay off the candy, read more books, call your mother—regardless of whether we follow through with our intentions.
While January 1st seems like the perfect time to have a new start again, exactly when people developed that mindset(思维模式)isn't common knowledge.It turns out that the modern belief of a New Year's resolution isn't as old as you thought.According to many historians, the ancient Babylonians were the first group of people to make New Year's resolutions.However, instead of making a commitment to selfimprovement, they made a commitment to the gods to pay their debts and return any objects they had borrowed.
An ancient Roman tradition from 46 B．C., bears even more likeness to modern resolutions.Emperor Julius Caesar declared January the month of Janus.Romans believed Janus looked backwards into the previous year and ahead into the future.In his honor, they made sacrifices to the god and promises of good behavior for the coming year.
But the modern New Year's resolution didn't fully form until centuries later.The practice was common enough by the early 1800s.An article in 1802 states, “Statesmen have sworn to have no other object in view than the good of their country.The physicians have determined to advise the use of medicine no more than is necessary, and to be very reasonable in their fees.”
The first time “New Year's resolution” appeared as a phrase was in the January 1st issue of a Boston newspaper in 1813.“I believe there are a lot of people，” the article goes, “with a serious determination of beginning the New Year with new resolutions and new behavior, and with the full belief that they shall accept punishment for all their former faults and wipe them away.”
So as you make (and possibly fail at) your New year's resolutions, know that you're in good company.
9．Whose New Year's resolutions were most different from the present common practice?
A．Ancient Babylonians'.
B．Ancient Romans'.
C．Statesmen's in the 1800s.
D．Boston people's in 1813.
10．According to Paragraph 4, the physicians focused their resolutions on________.
A．annual incomes
B．personal ambitions
C．professional honesty
D．academic improvement
11．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To encourage people to make New Year's resolutions.
B．To give advice on how to make New Year's resolutions.
C．To compare different New Year's resolutions in history.
D．To introduce the development of New Year's resolutions.
【答案与解析】
9．A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知古巴比伦最初的新年愿望是希望众神能够帮他们偿还债务，和现在的普遍愿望不一样。故选A。
10．C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知医生们的新年愿望是职业操守。故选C。
11．D 推理判断题。根据第二段、第三段得知本文主要讲述了新年愿望的历史发展。故选D。
D
If you have a chance to go to Finland，you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.
Take the taxi drivers for example.Taxis in Finland are mostly highclass Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer.You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare.The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests，but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free，so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals.The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter.With such a loose check，you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.
The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate.From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.
With so many loopholes in everyday life，surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take_“petty_advantages”．But the strange thing is，all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms.And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do，living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”．
12．The underlined words in this passage mean to “________”．
A．be ready to help others
B．gain something at other's expense
C．be a little ahead of others
D．make good use of one's friends
13．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．While taking a taxi in Finland，you can get off without first paying your fare.
B．In a big hotel in Finland，you can enjoy free meals if you're living in the hotel.
C．The workers are always honest with their working hours.
D．The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to registration of their working hours.
14．We can learn from the passage that________.
A．in Finland，most taxi drivers will not charge you anything
B．there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland
C．the Finnish society is of very high moral level
D．everyone in Finland is like a gentleman，for they have faith in themselves
15．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．A Society with “Foolish” People
B．Life in Finland
C．What a Life
D．Honest Accounts of the Finns
【答案与解析】
12．B 词义猜测题。由上文和本句句意，可将画线短语理解为“贪小便宜”(直译为“由别人支付”)。
13．D 细节理解题。选项A与第二段第二、三句表述一致；选项B与第三段第二句表述相符；由最后一段倒数第二句可知C项也正确；由文章第四段可知，芬兰的老板很信任员工，员工领取工资时只需说出工作时间即可，而不必登记，故D项错误。
14．C 推理判断题。由全文及文章最后一段中“As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do…”可以推断那里的人们的道德水平较高。
15．A 主旨大意题。文章主要是说明芬兰人的诚实，Foolish加引号表示反义。
Ⅱ.七选五
Sure，we've all heard that we should get more sleep.The realities of life often make it become “we should get more sleep later”． 1 The result is that you wake up the next day feeling like a role of The Walking Dead.Here are four ways you can adjust your biology in order to pay less for staying up.
·Move around.
Exercising before bed is a sure way to keep awake.That's why you shouldn't do it when you want to go to sleep，and it is also why hitting the gym，or even some fast pushups can tell your body that it's not time for bed.Being physically exhausted isn't fun when you are trying to stay up late. 2
·Eat more protein.
Few people think about the fact that the brain and body use a lot more energy when we're awake.If you are pulling an allnighter，you're going to need a lot more food than you are used to eating. 3 To stay awake，plan to eat larger meals than normal and to eat them more frequently.
·Drink the right stuff.
It's tempting(诱人的) to switch to sugary caffeine drinks like Red Bull，but the sugar will lead to a crash.Instead，if you want to use caffeine，drink early in the evening. 4 Don't make it worse by drinking sugar.
· 5
Turn the lights down at night because bright lights keep you awake.For three or four hours after you're exposed to bright white light，your body won't make melatonin，a must for deep sleep.
A．Turn the lights off.
B．Just do enough to get energetic.
C．And your body can never bear something like that.
D．Your brain can use up to 25 percent of your total calories.
E．When you stay up late，your blood sugar becomes abnormal.
F．There is either more work to be done，or more fun to be had，or both.
G．Avoid bright lights.
【答案】1～5 FBDEG
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “Sorry, __1__ number！” and move on.But when Dennis Williams __2__ a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something __3__.
On March 19, Dennis got a group text __4__ him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the __5__ of a baby.
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，”Dennis __6__.The baby was born and update texts were __7__ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.In her __8__， she didn't seem to realize that she was __9__ the baby's photos with a complete stranger.“Well, I don't __10__you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，” replied Dennis before asking which room the new __11__ were in.
Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his __12__！ He turned up at the hospital __13__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindsey's husband was totally __14__ by the unexpected visit.“I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we __15__ it and the gifts.”
Teresa __16__ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website __17__by the touching words: “What a __18__ this young man was to our family! He was so __19__and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the __20__ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
1．A.unlucky B．secret
C．new D．wrong
2．A.received B．translated
C．copied D．printed
3．A.reasonable B．special
C．necessary D．practical
4．A.convincing B．reminding
C．informing D．warning
5．A.wakeup B．recovery
C．growth D．arrival
6．A.responded B．interrupted
C．predicted D．repeated
7．A.coming in B．setting out
C．passing down D．moving around
8．A.opinion B．anxiety
C．excitement D．effort
9．A.comparing B．exchanging
C．discussing D．sharing
10．A.accept B．know
C．believe D．bother
11．A.parents B．doctors
C．patients D．visitors
12．A.dream B．promise
C．agenda D．principle
13．A.bearing B．collecting
C．opening D．making
14．A.discouraged B．relaxed
C．astonished D．defeated
15．A.admit B．need
C．appreciate D．expect
16．A.found B．selected
C．developed D．posted
17．A.confirmed B．simplified
C．clarified D．accompanied
18．A.pity B．blessing
C．relief D．problem
19．A.smart B．calm
C．sweet D．fair
20．A.sympathy B．attention
C．control D．trust
【答案与解析】
1．D 根据an unknown person可知，我们大部分人在收到陌生人的短信时，通常会告诉对方他发错信息了，故wrong(错误的)符合语境。
2．A 根据文章第一句可以推知，他收到了短信。
3．B 根据后文内容可知，他做了与众不同的事情，所以用special合适。
4．C 根据后句可知，这对陌生夫妇是在告诉他这个消息。故选C。
5．D 根据下文The baby was born可知，他们在等候新生儿的到来。故选D。
6．A 根据前句内容可知，这是Dennis的回复。故选A。
7．A 根据本句可知，消息很快再次进来。故选A。
8．C 根据本句可知，这位祖母太过于兴奋，而没有意识到把照片分享给了陌生人。故选C。
9．D 根据后文可知，Dennis 收到了Teresa发来的照片，所以是她跟陌生人分享了照片。故选D。
10．B 根据前文可知，Dennis不认识他们。故选B。
11．A 根据前文可以推知，这对夫妇为新手父母。故选A。
12．B 根据后文可知，他坚守了自己的承诺。故选B。
13．A 根据语境可知，他是拿着礼物来的。bear有“携带，承重”的意思。故选A。
14．C 根据unexpected可知，她丈夫是十分惊讶。故选C。
15．C 根据语境以及后文往网上发帖可知，Teresa一家十分感激Dennis的到来以及带来的礼物。故选C。
16．D 根据后文可知，她把照片贴到了网上。故选D。
17．D 根据语境可知，照片后面附着一段感人的文字。故选D。
18．B 根据语境可推知，这位祖母认为这位年轻的陌生人来看望宝宝是上帝的祝福。故选B。
19．C 根据语境可知，与kind并列，所以用sweet。故选C。
20．B 根据文章最后一句可知，三天里有184,000人分享，61,500点赞，所以是引起了极大关注。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018河北衡水中学大联考)How do native speakers truly feel when speaking with nonnative English speakers? It seems that 1.________(break) English annoys them.However, they keep being really nice when speaking with nonnative speakers.I wonder how they really feel when doing so.
I think it would depend 2.________the native English speakers.Some people are just 3.________(easy) annoyed.
Personally, I study Spanish.When I hear someone 4.________(attempt) English, I am patient with them because I know 5.________ difficult it is to talk in a nonnative tongue.I also know English is very difficult 6._______(learn), and that increases my respect for their efforts.I'm a patient person by nature.
The situation matters too.If I were waiting 7.________(table) on a super crowded day and really 8.________(need) to do about a dozen different things, I might become upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while ordering his meal.
There also exists the 9.________(possible) that what is considered as annoyance is not true annoyance.I might frown(皱眉) while listening to a nonnative speaker, 10.________that would be because I am concentrating and listening hard to understand him.It wouldn't mean I'm at all annoyed.
【答案】1.broken 2.on/upon 3.easily 4.attempting
5．how 6.to learn 7.tables 8.needed 9.possibility 10.but/yet
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
A handwritten thankyou letter is a simple way to make other people feel well.However，it is strange that few people writing it now.At work，a thankyou letter to staff is very effective.It costs little and has much side effects.The effort involved writing letters is very low.But the pleasure from it is very high，what makes it an excellent way to inspire the staff.But now that the letter is so encouraged，why don't more employers write it? There seems to be three reason. Firstly，they think their own work was more valuable than that of others.Since no one ever writes the letter，they don't write any ourselves.Secondly，they aren't close enough to the business to know who deserves to thanks.Thirdly，they have forgotten the fact that everyone likes to be praised.
【答案】
A handwritten thankyou letter is a simple way to make other people feel .However，it is strange that few people it now.At work，a thankyou letter to staff is very effective.It costs little and has side effects.The effort involved writing letters is very low.But the pleasure from it is very high， makes it an excellent way to inspire the staff.But now that the letter is so ，why don't more employers write it? There seems to be three . Firstly，they think their own work more valuable than that of others.Since no one ever writes the letter，they don't write any .Secondly，they aren't close enough to the business to know who deserves thanks.Thirdly，they have forgotten the fact that everyone likes to be praised.
Ⅱ.书面表达
假设你是李华，在伦敦做交换生，昨天你的室友Tony在校园摔倒后被人救助。请你给校求助中心写封邮件，寻找那名帮助Tony的中国学生。
注意： 1.词数 100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua, an exchange student from China.I am writing to ask you to help look for a Chinese student.Yesterday, my roommate Tony was on the way to the classroom when he fell down and could hardly move.
Just at that moment, a Chinese girl came to him.She gave him first aid and called an ambulance.Thanks to the kind girl, Tony was sent to hospital in time.But the girl left quietly before Tony could express his gratitude.The girl is about 18 years old and of medium height with short hair.Tony is eager to meet her to convey his sincere appreciation.Could you please help to find her?
I am looking forward to your prompt reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond ________(describe)．
2．Because of the drought, thousands of people died of________(starve) each year in the past.
3．Knowledge or techniques have been________(acquire) through exploration.
4．The policeman got hold________the thief and took him to the police station.
5．If he takes on this work, he will have no alternative but ________(meet) an even greater challenge.
6．________(lack) of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.
【答案】1.description 2.starvation 3.acquired 4.of
5．to meet 6.Lack
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The charges were dropped for lacking of evidence.
_____________________________________________________________
2．Job is not only a mean of living, but it is also a way of experiencing life.
_____________________________________________________________
3．The fact is that the big house is in possession of my uncle.
_____________________________________________________________
4．The house isn't big enough for us, and in addition, it's too far to the town.
_____________________________________________________________
5．If the car should break out on the way, you would have to walk back.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.lacking→lack 2.mean →means 3.in后加the 4.去掉and 6.out →down
Book 6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world
晨读暮诵 单元话题——日常活动
1．occur v．发生
2．advocate v．提倡
3．assistance n．帮助
4．harmonious adj.和谐的
5．regretful adj.后悔的
6．congratulate v．祝贺
7．independent adj.独立的
8．remind v．提醒
9．meaningful adj.有意义的
10．hesitation n．犹豫
11．give up放弃
12．rather than而不是
13．belong to属于
14．be familiar with对……熟悉
15．have a talent for在……有天赋
16．remind sb.of…使某人想起……
17．call on sb.to do sth.号召某人做某事
18．receive many awards for因为……获得很多奖
1．There is no doubt that such a deed should be encouraged.
毫无疑问这种行为应该得到鼓励。
2．It has been one of the traditional Chinese virtues to help those in trouble.
帮助处在困难中的人一直是中华传统美德。
3．It is our duty to make our world a more harmonious place to live in.
使我们的世界成为一个更和谐的生活的地方是我们的职责。
4．I strongly advocate that all of us should learn from him and always be ready to help others.
我极力提倡我们大家应该向他学习并且随时做好帮助他人的准备。
5．Actions speak louder than words.
行动比言语更为响亮。
(2018·高考天津卷)假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。
(1)比赛的时间、地点；
(2)邀请他的原因；
(3)训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。
注意：(1)词数不少于100；
(2)可适当添加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics Competition
Dear Chris，
I have good news to tell you._________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Jin
[参考范文]
Dear_Chris，
I_have_good_news_to_tell_you.The World Adolescent Robotics competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July so as to promote the development of robotics.
What I would like to stress is that it is looking for new members at this moment.I would like to invite you to take part in it, since I know you've just won first prize in the Robotics competition held in your institute and have shown great talent in designing robotics.Therefore, you are the most suitable person, I suppose.
The training schedule, in addition to regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.I will send its details to you by email.I would appreciate it if you give us some advice on how to make it perfect.
I'm_looking_forward_to_your_reply.
Yours，
Li_Jin
[高频词汇]
1．__________(n.&vt.)缺乏
2．________(n.) 大使
3．________(adj.) 令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
4．________(vt.) 购得；获得，得到
5．________(vi.& vt.) 扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强
6．________(adj.) 可供替代的；(n.) 可供选择的事物
7．________(n.) 手段，方法
8．________(vt.) (尤指经努力)获得；赢得
9．________(n.) 同事
10．__________ (n.)细菌
11．________(vt.) 提醒，使想起
12．________(n.) 障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物
【答案】1.lack 2.ambassador 3.worthy 4.acquire
5．expand 6.alternative 7.means 8.obtain 9.colleague
10．bacteria 11.remind 12.barrier
[派生词汇]
1．________(n.)描写(文字)，形容，说明→________(vt.)描述，形容；描绘
2．________(adj.) 平等的；同等的(n.) 同等的人；相等物(vt.) 与……相同或相等→________(adv.) 相等地
3．________(adj.) 志愿的；自愿的，主动的→________(n.) 志愿者(v.) 自愿做
4．________(vt.& vi.) 捐献，捐赠(尤指款或物)，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→________(n.) 贡献；捐献；投稿→________(n.) 贡献者；捐献者；投稿人
5．________(adj.) 紧急的，紧迫的→________(n.) 紧急；紧急的事
6．________(n.) 饥饿；挨饿；饿死→________(vt.&vi.) (使)饿死，(使)挨饿
7．________(n.) 个人财产；拥有，具有→________(vt.) 占有；拥有；具有→________(adj.) 拥有的，具有的
8．________(n.) 承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→__________(v.) 犯罪，做错事；把……托付给；使……承担义务
9．__________(n.)增加；添加；此外，另外→________(vt.&vi.)添加；相加，求和；增加→ __________(adj.)附加的；另外的
10．________(n.)出口产品，输出品；出口(vt.&vi.)出口；输出→(反义词)________(n.)进口产品，进口(vt.&vi.)进口；输入
[词缀归纳]
political是一个以ical结尾的形容词。常见的以ical结尾的高频形容词有：medical医学的；physical物理的，身体的；chemical化学的；electrical与电有关的，电的；technological技术的，工艺的。
【答案】1.description；describe 2.equal；equally 3．voluntary；volunteer 4.contribute；contribution；contributor 5.urgent；urgency 6.starvation；starve 7．possession；possess；possessed 8.commitment；commit 9．addition；add；additional 10.export；import
[语境活用]
1．I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible________(可供选择的事物)．
2．There are many________(方式) of recreation in which people engage in their leisure time.
3．His suggestion put forward at the conference is ________(值得的)to be considered.
4．People________(获得)knowledge and information through reading and studying.
5．As your horizons________(扩大), these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life.
6．I look on it as an opportunity to________(学到)fresh skills.
7．In order to meet the________(紧迫的)needs of the four modernizations, improving the teaching quality is a task which permits no delay.
8．One should never make public property one's private________(个人财产)．
【答案】1.alternatives 2.means 3.worthy 4.obtain
5．expand 6.acquire 7.urgent 8.possession
1．refer ________ 谈及，提到；查阅
2．________ addition 除……以外(还)
3．get hold ________ 得到；抓住
4．________ the umbrella of 在……的保护下
5．________ only 但愿，要是……就好了
6．break ________ 出故障；抛锚
7．________ chaos 处于混乱状态
8．draw someone's attention ________ 使某人察觉到
9．think back ________ 回想
10．make ________ difference 有作用(关系、影响)
11．remind sb.________… 让某人想起……
12．contribute…________… 捐献……
13．far ________ 离……远；远非，远不是
14．put ________ 建造，搭起
15．take ________ 雇佣；承担；呈现
16．stop sb.________ doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
17．look ________ 查阅；向上看
【答案】1.to 2.in 3.of 4.under 5.if 6.down 7.in 8.to 9.to 10.a 11.of 12.to 13.from 14.up 15．on 16.from 17.up
[语境活用]
1．This garden has the best collection of native plants.________ addition, it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.
2．As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for our feet are________the umbrella of them to avoid being hurt.
3．I was forgetting the matter he had told me if you hadn't reminded me ________ it.
4．He was on his way to the airport when his car broke________.
5．His study is________chaos and it will take a long time for him to put his papers in order.
6．It is necessary to draw readers' attention ________ the catalogue.
7．Join us! We will contribute some money ________the orphans on Christmas Eve.
8．If he was able to get others' encouragement, it would make a ________to him.
9．A notice was put ________ in order to remind students of the changed lecture time.
10．The problem he referred ________ in the meeting was difficult to understand.
【答案】1.In 2.under 3.of 4.down 5.in 6.to 7.to
8．difference 9.up 10.to
1. [原句] This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
[点拨] this land was difficult to farm是“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
[仿写] 我发现这个报告很难懂。
I find the lecture is difficult ________.
2. [原句] I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them.
[点拨] 动词不定式的完成形式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前。
[仿写] 真对不起，给你带来这么多麻烦。
I am sorry ________________ you so much.
3. [原句] I would rather you hadn't told me about it.
[点拨] would rather“宁愿，更喜欢”，后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。
[仿写] 我宁愿没去看那部电影。
I would rather that I ________________.
4. [原句] If only there were more people donating money to charities!
[点拨] if only“但愿，要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气条件句或感叹句。
[仿写] 要是我在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中更加自信就好了。
______________ more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!
【答案】1.to understand 2.to have troubled 3.hadn't seen the film 4.If only I had had
第一板块 核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．lack vt.& n．缺乏；不足
(1)v.
(2)n.
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in (在抽象事物方面)缺乏
①As I look back on that day now，it surely lacks any sense of reality.
现在当我回顾那一天时，感到此事确实缺乏现实感。
②She felt nervous, increasingly ________ in confidence about herself.
她感到紧张，对自己越来越没有信心。
【答案】②lacking
[温馨提示] lack是表示状态的及物动词，不用于被动结构，也不用于进行时。
2．equal adj.平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等
(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.(in…) (在……方面)与……相等；能胜任，能应付
equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过/敌得过某人/物
(be) without equal 无与伦比
(2)equally adv. 相等地，相同地
equality n. 平等，同等；均等
①Any man will be equal to doing the task, so long as he is careful.You should give it a try.
只要细心，任何一个人都能胜任这份工作，你应该尝试一下。
②None of us can equal her，either ________ beauty or as a dancer.
不管是容貌还是在舞艺上我们都比不过她。
③Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________ respected.
任何一个人，不管他是政府官员还是公共汽车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。
【答案】②in ③equally
3．contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿
(1)contribute (sth.) to… (把……)贡献给……；(向……)捐款；投稿
contribute to… 促成；有助于
(2) contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件
make contributions/a contribution to… 对……作出贡献
①I make most of my money by writing books but I do contribute ________ magazines sometimes.
我的大部分钱是靠写书赚的，不过我的确有时也向杂志投稿。
②It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.
为祖国作出贡献是我们的责任。
【答案】①to
(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ，书面表达)外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。
[翻译] The true meaning and the culture of Tang poems are difficult to understand for a foreign learner.
4．worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
①He thinks it is never too late to challenge oneself to achieve something worthwhile.
他认为挑战自我获取有价值的东西永远不会太晚。
②________________ examine how we will make greater progress in our studies.
研究一下我们如何在学习上取得更大的进步是值得的。
[词义辨析]
词语
搭配
意义和用法
worthwhile
①It's worthwhile doing…
②It's worthwhile to do…
值得做某事
worth
be worth＋n.
值得……，值……
be worth
doing
“某事值得被做”要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。表示“很值得被做……”用副词well修饰
worthy
be worthy of＋n.
应得某物
①be worthy
of being done
②be worthy
to be done
“某事值得被做……”，接动名词时of后要用动名词的被动式；接不定式时，worthy后要用不定式的被动式。worthy作定语时，表示“有价值的，值得尊敬的”
③What has just happened is well ________ focusing on.It is also ________ of being thought about by everyone present. Is it ________ to spend so much money on a very expensive wedding? We don't think it is ________ it at all.
【答案】②It is worthwhile to ③worth；worthy；worthwhile；worth
5．alternative adj.可供替代的，其他的n.[C]可供选择的事物
alternative ways/methods 各种供选择的方法
an alternative to… ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
There is no alternative… 别无选择
①Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider ________ alternative to gasoline.
天然气是专家们认为能代替汽油的一种储量丰富的燃料。
②I'm afraid if this noise goes on，I shall have no alternative but to call the police.
如果吵闹声继续下去，我恐怕就只好叫警察了。
【答案】①an
6．means n．[C]手段，方法
a means of… 一种……的方法
means of production/transport/communication
生产工具/运输工具/通信手段
by means of 用，依靠；通过
by all means 无论如何；千方百计地；当然可以(口语)
by no means/not by any means
绝对不；无论如何都不(用于句首，句子要倒装)
①Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
此外，惩罚绝不是一个能帮助他们身心健康成长的明智选择。
② She could not speak, but made her wishes known ________ means of signs.
她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。
③Every possible means has been tried, but none worked.
＝All possible means have been tried, but none worked.
各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。
【答案】②by
[温馨提示] means是一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。means前有every，each，one等修饰语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；前有several，some，many，few，all等修饰语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
7．remind vt.提醒，使想起
remind sb.of sth. 使某人想起某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that/whclause
使某人想起……；提醒某人……
①My album of boyhood photographs often reminds me of the past happiness.
童年时的相册经常让我想起儿时的欢乐。
②He'd interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers ________ with their teams about the company's values.
他将会打断他自己的报告，提醒他的经理们和他们的团队谈论公司的价值观。
③But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name，which reminds me I'm home.
但我不介意，因为我想听到她说我的名字，那会提醒我我在家。
【答案】②to talk
8．refer to谈及，提到；指的是；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考
(1)refer to…as… 把……称作……
refer…to… 把……提交给……
(2)reference n. 谈到，提及；参考，查阅
in/with reference to 关于
make (a) reference to 谈到
①People who work in offices are usually refer to as “white collar workers”．
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领”。
②We were completely in the dark in reference to his future plans.
对他的未来计划我们全然不知。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中refer to的含义。
③We can refer to an encyclopedia for information about this subject.________
④Every time I refer to the matter，objection is raised.________
⑤The new law does not refer to land used for farming.________
⑥The American bug could also be a person，referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.________
【答案】③查阅，参考 ④提到 ⑤涉及 ⑥指的是
9．break down出故障，抛锚；失败；身体垮掉；捣毁；(把……)分解
break away (from…) 逃脱；脱离
break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入
break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)
break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等)
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束
①The ice on the river begins to break up when spring comes.
春天来了，河上的冰开始破裂。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中break down的含义。
②Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.________
③If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back.________
④You will break down if you take on more work than you can.________
⑤News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.________
【答案】②分解 ③出故障 ④身体垮掉 ⑤失败
10．make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)
make no/little/much/some difference (to sb./sth.)
(对……)没有/几乎没有/有很大/有些影响
make all the difference (to sb./sth.)
(对……)关系重大，大不相同
tell the difference 区分；分辨
①It evidently made no difference whether I was there to look after things or not.
我在不在那儿照看东西显然无关紧要。
②The twins look so similar that you will be hard pressed to tell the difference ________ them.
这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。
【答案】②between
[温馨提示] make…difference短语中difference不能用复数形式。
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The project was cancelled through ________(lack) of money.
2．—Call me at 9：00.I can't afford to miss such a conference.
—Don't worry.I'll surely ________ (remind) you.
3．I've heard that the tower was built more than 1,000 years ago，so I think it is worthy ________(visit)．
4．The manager said that they had a(n) ________(alternate) plan if the plan they had suggested earlier was not accepted.
5．“The president's report，”a smile on his face，he continued，“________ (refer)to several hot topics，discusses how to increase peasants' income.”
6．This book contributes little ________ our understanding of the subject.
7．Whatever background you come from，you can be ________ (equal) successful with your hard work like many others.
8．The boy was so careless that the glass fell from his hand and it broke ________ on the floor.
9．It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little ________(different)．
10．By no means is ________ true that all English people know their own language well.
【答案】1.lack 2.remind 3.to be visited/of being visited 4.alternative 5.referring 6.to 7.equally 8.up 9．difference 10.it
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Experience is equal as valuable as theory.
_____________________________________________________________
2．The program can contribute to promote the local economy in my hometown.
_____________________________________________________________
3．It is worthy to spend money in educating the children.
_____________________________________________________________
4．The armchair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit.
_____________________________________________________________
5．More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of space.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.equal→equally 2.promote→promoting
3．worthy→worthwhile 4.sit后加in 5.第二个in→for/through
第二板块 经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．This_land_was_difficult_to_farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。
this land was difficult to farm是“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式。用法如下：
(1)主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，该不定式用主动形式表被动意义
(2)在该句式中动词应该是及物动词，如果是不及物动词，应在动词后加上适当的介词
(3)常用于本句型的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，comfortable，safe，dangerous等
①The text is too difficult. The explanation of our teacher will help make it easy to understand.
这篇文章太难了。我们老师的解释有助于使它理解起来更容易。
②I like getting up early in the morning. You know the morning air is so good to breathe.
我喜欢早上早起。你知道早上的空气呼吸起来很好。
③He is easygoing, so he is not difficult ________________.
他很随和，因此和他相处不困难。
【答案】③to get along with
2．If_only there were more people donating money to charities!
但愿有更多的人给慈善机构捐款！
本句中if only…引导的是一种虚拟语气的感叹句，意为“但愿，如果……就好了”，它还可用来引导虚拟语气的条件句。
(1)表示目前较难实现的愿望时使用if only sb. did/were…
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb.had done…
(3)表示与将来事实相反的愿望用if only sb. would/could do…
①If only I were a bird，I should fly through the thick clouds to my dream!
要是我是一只鸟，我就可以穿越层层云朵，飞向我的梦想！
②If only I ________________ her advice，everything would have been right.
要是我采纳了她的建议，一切就都好了。
[词义辨析]
if only
“但愿……，要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句
only if
“只有……”，only if本身不是一个固定词组。only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，主句要部分倒装
③It's too bad that I failed in the English exam.________ I had worked hard at it! Now I know ________ I work hard will I make progress.
【答案】②had taken ③If only；only if
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．凯西在班上以优异的成绩毕业，她为此感到非常高兴。
Kathy was very pleased ________________ with an excellent grade in her class.
2．我宁愿你不要去申请那个职位。
I would rather you ________________________.
3．要是我们能用瓶子装新鲜空气多好！
If only we ________________ the fresh air!
【答案】1.to have graduated 2.did not apply for that position 3.could bottle
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．在非洲一些国家是没有自来水的。(running water)
2．现在，工程师们正在教农民怎样用竹子运水。
3．这些非洲国家需要廉价的运水方法因为他们缺钱。(lack)
4．他们的贫穷是难以描述的。(description)
5．竹筒运水让他们不用花太多钱。(allow)
6．他们觉得这样做是值得的。(worthwhile)
【参考范文】
There is no running water in some African countries.Now，engineers are teaching poor farmers how to carry water by using bamboo.These African countries need cheap ways to carry water because they lack money.Their poverty is beyond description.Bamboo pipes allow them to bring water to their fields without spending a lot of money.They think it is worthwhile.
[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(山西省太原市2018届高三第二次模拟考试)In the story of “The crow and the Pitcher” from Aesop's Fables, a thirsty crow (乌鸦)drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.
Now scientists have evidence to back up that story.Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement (移位) work to their advantage, experiments show.The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.
Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, presented six crows with tubes filled with water.Inside the tubes, a worm or piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crow.In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float.The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.
However, the_birds_handled_awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said.Dropping objects into narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube.The crows obviously didn't realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.
Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks.In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.
1．How did the crows get the snack in Sarah's experiment?
A．By breaking the tube.
B．By dropping in erasers.
C．By standing on the wood.
D．By removing the wood.
2．What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4?
A．They were unable to tell different shapes.
B．They dropped objects only into narrow tubes.
C．They were not aware of the snack at first sight.
D．They mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.
3．What does the text mainly focus on?
A．Stories of Aesop's Fables.
B．The development of crows.
C．Crows' intelligence.
D．Humananimal communication.
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Crows are almost as clever as firstgraders in some respects.
B．Crows understand water displacement completely.
C．Chimps and children are much smarter than crows.
D．The story of “The crow and the Pitcher” lacks evidence.
【答案与解析】
1．B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管子里，使食物浮起，然后吃到食物。所以选项B正确。
2．D 语句猜测题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然细管比粗管只需要更少的水和时间就可以把食物浮起来，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易浮起食物的细管。由此可知，这一句话的意思应该是“鸟儿大多没有选择更容易的方式去获得零食”。所以答案选D。
3．C 主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句以及后面的几个实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。所以答案选C。
4．A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级的小学生一样聪明，所以选项A正确。根据第四段的实验可知，乌鸦并不能很好的理解排水量问题，所以选项B错误。根据最后一段的实验可知，黑猩猩和儿童跟乌鸦一样可以解决类似的问题，这不能说明他们比乌鸦聪明，所以选项C错误。第二段第一句“Now scientists have evidence to back up that story.”可知，科学家们已经有关于这则寓言的证据了。所以选项D错误。
B
(黑龙江省2018仿真模拟五)The clearing of my parents' home has made me think about the importance, even centrality of books to the house's life and soul.The house, and our lives in it, would not have been the same without books.The force of the statement comes home to me as I see what happens when shelves are emptied.The rooms suddenly look uncomfortably bare.
I always rather took it for granted that books furnished a room.The only rooms in our house without books were the diningroom and the bathrooms.Otherwise there were books everywhere: in all the bedrooms, in the drawingroom and in the piano room which became my parents' comfortable winter study.
I couldn't help feeling that books were rather like people: some more formal and boring, others more entertaining; some simply for show, others with unpromising outsides but rich interiors.They did more, in fact, than furnish a room; they were companions who could offer insights, good advice.
Now the books are being contributed (not all, to be sure, but very many), and I fear for their future, almost as if they were refugees (难民)．“Habent sua fata libelli，” goes as the old Latin saying, originally written by Terentianus; it meant that the fate and future of books were determined by the capability of the reader.But the meaning of the phrase has been misunderstood by time and is now associated with the physical fate of particular books, how they have passed from owner to owner.This is how Walter Benjamin read the saying when he wrote his essay Unpacking My Library, which analyses the extraordinarily close relationship between a collector and his or her books.
As I deal with the books—many are going to charity (慈善) shops and I hope they will find good homes— I can't help wondering if my generation is the last that will oversee such a process.Books are disappearing, as more and more are bought in electronic form and exist only as bytes of information on ebooks or other devices.Does this matter? Could books become more spiritual, as they lose their physicality?
5．When clearing his parents' home, the author________.
A．realized the influence of books on his past life
B．thought of the statement his parents once made
C．felt upset to leave his parents' books behind
D．found some empty shelves left by his parents
6．The underlined word “interiors” in Paragraph 3 refers to________.
A．pages B．notes
C．covers D．contents
7．According to Walter Benjamin，________.
A．it's important to pass books from owner to owner
B．the meaning of books is misunderstood by time
C．the future of books depends on readers' capability
D．the fate of books is related to their collectors
8．From the passage we know that________.
A．the author is attached to physical form of books
B．the author's books are bound to find good homes
C．ebooks have taken the place of traditional ones
D．the author's parents used every room of theirs as a study
【答案与解析】
5．A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知清理父母的房间时，作者意识到了书对自己过去生活的影响。故选A。
6．D 词义猜测题。分析句子others with unpromising outsides but rich interiors，此处but是表示转折的连词，前边讲的是“平凡的外表”，推断出后边是“内在丰富”。故interior的意思有“内在”之意，书的内在是内容，故选D。
7．D 细节理解题。第四段最后一句可知Walter Benjamin分析了收藏家和书之间异乎寻常的紧密关系，可知Walter Benjamin认为书的命运和收藏者有关系。故选D。
8．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可以推断出作者更喜欢印刷版的书籍。故选A。
C
(浙江省嘉兴市2018届高三4月模拟英语试题)New Year' s resolutions(决心)have been around long enough that we all scent to stick to the same ones—hit the gym, lay off the candy, read more books, call your mother—regardless of whether we follow through with our intentions.
While January 1st seems like the perfect time to have a new start again, exactly when people developed that mindset(思维模式)isn't common knowledge.It turns out that the modern belief of a New Year's resolution isn't as old as you thought.According to many historians, the ancient Babylonians were the first group of people to make New Year's resolutions.However, instead of making a commitment to selfimprovement, they made a commitment to the gods to pay their debts and return any objects they had borrowed.
An ancient Roman tradition from 46 B．C., bears even more likeness to modern resolutions.Emperor Julius Caesar declared January the month of Janus.Romans believed Janus looked backwards into the previous year and ahead into the future.In his honor, they made sacrifices to the god and promises of good behavior for the coming year.
But the modern New Year's resolution didn't fully form until centuries later.The practice was common enough by the early 1800s.An article in 1802 states, “Statesmen have sworn to have no other object in view than the good of their country.The physicians have determined to advise the use of medicine no more than is necessary, and to be very reasonable in their fees.”
The first time “New Year's resolution” appeared as a phrase was in the January 1st issue of a Boston newspaper in 1813.“I believe there are a lot of people，” the article goes, “with a serious determination of beginning the New Year with new resolutions and new behavior, and with the full belief that they shall accept punishment for all their former faults and wipe them away.”
So as you make (and possibly fail at) your New year's resolutions, know that you're in good company.
9．Whose New Year's resolutions were most different from the present common practice?
A．Ancient Babylonians'.
B．Ancient Romans'.
C．Statesmen's in the 1800s.
D．Boston people's in 1813.
10．According to Paragraph 4, the physicians focused their resolutions on________.
A．annual incomes
B．personal ambitions
C．professional honesty
D．academic improvement
11．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To encourage people to make New Year's resolutions.
B．To give advice on how to make New Year's resolutions.
C．To compare different New Year's resolutions in history.
D．To introduce the development of New Year's resolutions.
【答案与解析】
9．A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知古巴比伦最初的新年愿望是希望众神能够帮他们偿还债务，和现在的普遍愿望不一样。故选A。
10．C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知医生们的新年愿望是职业操守。故选C。
11．D 推理判断题。根据第二段、第三段得知本文主要讲述了新年愿望的历史发展。故选D。
D
If you have a chance to go to Finland，you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.
Take the taxi drivers for example.Taxis in Finland are mostly highclass Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer.You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare.The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests，but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free，so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals.The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter.With such a loose check，you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.
The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate.From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.
With so many loopholes in everyday life，surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take_“petty_advantages”．But the strange thing is，all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms.And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do，living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”．
12．The underlined words in this passage mean to “________”．
A．be ready to help others
B．gain something at other's expense
C．be a little ahead of others
D．make good use of one's friends
13．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．While taking a taxi in Finland，you can get off without first paying your fare.
B．In a big hotel in Finland，you can enjoy free meals if you're living in the hotel.
C．The workers are always honest with their working hours.
D．The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to registration of their working hours.
14．We can learn from the passage that________.
A．in Finland，most taxi drivers will not charge you anything
B．there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland
C．the Finnish society is of very high moral level
D．everyone in Finland is like a gentleman，for they have faith in themselves
15．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．A Society with “Foolish” People
B．Life in Finland
C．What a Life
D．Honest Accounts of the Finns
【答案与解析】
12．B 词义猜测题。由上文和本句句意，可将画线短语理解为“贪小便宜”(直译为“由别人支付”)。
13．D 细节理解题。选项A与第二段第二、三句表述一致；选项B与第三段第二句表述相符；由最后一段倒数第二句可知C项也正确；由文章第四段可知，芬兰的老板很信任员工，员工领取工资时只需说出工作时间即可，而不必登记，故D项错误。
14．C 推理判断题。由全文及文章最后一段中“As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do…”可以推断那里的人们的道德水平较高。
15．A 主旨大意题。文章主要是说明芬兰人的诚实，Foolish加引号表示反义。
Ⅱ.七选五
Sure，we've all heard that we should get more sleep.The realities of life often make it become “we should get more sleep later”． 1 The result is that you wake up the next day feeling like a role of The Walking Dead.Here are four ways you can adjust your biology in order to pay less for staying up.
·Move around.
Exercising before bed is a sure way to keep awake.That's why you shouldn't do it when you want to go to sleep，and it is also why hitting the gym，or even some fast pushups can tell your body that it's not time for bed.Being physically exhausted isn't fun when you are trying to stay up late. 2
·Eat more protein.
Few people think about the fact that the brain and body use a lot more energy when we're awake.If you are pulling an allnighter，you're going to need a lot more food than you are used to eating. 3 To stay awake，plan to eat larger meals than normal and to eat them more frequently.
·Drink the right stuff.
It's tempting(诱人的) to switch to sugary caffeine drinks like Red Bull，but the sugar will lead to a crash.Instead，if you want to use caffeine，drink early in the evening. 4 Don't make it worse by drinking sugar.
· 5
Turn the lights down at night because bright lights keep you awake.For three or four hours after you're exposed to bright white light，your body won't make melatonin，a must for deep sleep.
A．Turn the lights off.
B．Just do enough to get energetic.
C．And your body can never bear something like that.
D．Your brain can use up to 25 percent of your total calories.
E．When you stay up late，your blood sugar becomes abnormal.
F．There is either more work to be done，or more fun to be had，or both.
G．Avoid bright lights.
【答案】1～5 FBDEG
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “Sorry, __1__ number！” and move on.But when Dennis Williams __2__ a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something __3__.
On March 19, Dennis got a group text __4__ him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the __5__ of a baby.
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，”Dennis __6__.The baby was born and update texts were __7__ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.In her __8__， she didn't seem to realize that she was __9__ the baby's photos with a complete stranger.“Well, I don't __10__you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，” replied Dennis before asking which room the new __11__ were in.
Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his __12__！ He turned up at the hospital __13__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindsey's husband was totally __14__ by the unexpected visit.“I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we __15__ it and the gifts.”
Teresa __16__ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website __17__by the touching words: “What a __18__ this young man was to our family! He was so __19__and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the __20__ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
1．A.unlucky B．secret
C．new D．wrong
2．A.received B．translated
C．copied D．printed
3．A.reasonable B．special
C．necessary D．practical
4．A.convincing B．reminding
C．informing D．warning
5．A.wakeup B．recovery
C．growth D．arrival
6．A.responded B．interrupted
C．predicted D．repeated
7．A.coming in B．setting out
C．passing down D．moving around
8．A.opinion B．anxiety
C．excitement D．effort
9．A.comparing B．exchanging
C．discussing D．sharing
10．A.accept B．know
C．believe D．bother
11．A.parents B．doctors
C．patients D．visitors
12．A.dream B．promise
C．agenda D．principle
13．A.bearing B．collecting
C．opening D．making
14．A.discouraged B．relaxed
C．astonished D．defeated
15．A.admit B．need
C．appreciate D．expect
16．A.found B．selected
C．developed D．posted
17．A.confirmed B．simplified
C．clarified D．accompanied
18．A.pity B．blessing
C．relief D．problem
19．A.smart B．calm
C．sweet D．fair
20．A.sympathy B．attention
C．control D．trust
【答案与解析】
1．D 根据an unknown person可知，我们大部分人在收到陌生人的短信时，通常会告诉对方他发错信息了，故wrong(错误的)符合语境。
2．A 根据文章第一句可以推知，他收到了短信。
3．B 根据后文内容可知，他做了与众不同的事情，所以用special合适。
4．C 根据后句可知，这对陌生夫妇是在告诉他这个消息。故选C。
5．D 根据下文The baby was born可知，他们在等候新生儿的到来。故选D。
6．A 根据前句内容可知，这是Dennis的回复。故选A。
7．A 根据本句可知，消息很快再次进来。故选A。
8．C 根据本句可知，这位祖母太过于兴奋，而没有意识到把照片分享给了陌生人。故选C。
9．D 根据后文可知，Dennis 收到了Teresa发来的照片，所以是她跟陌生人分享了照片。故选D。
10．B 根据前文可知，Dennis不认识他们。故选B。
11．A 根据前文可以推知，这对夫妇为新手父母。故选A。
12．B 根据后文可知，他坚守了自己的承诺。故选B。
13．A 根据语境可知，他是拿着礼物来的。bear有“携带，承重”的意思。故选A。
14．C 根据unexpected可知，她丈夫是十分惊讶。故选C。
15．C 根据语境以及后文往网上发帖可知，Teresa一家十分感激Dennis的到来以及带来的礼物。故选C。
16．D 根据后文可知，她把照片贴到了网上。故选D。
17．D 根据语境可知，照片后面附着一段感人的文字。故选D。
18．B 根据语境可推知，这位祖母认为这位年轻的陌生人来看望宝宝是上帝的祝福。故选B。
19．C 根据语境可知，与kind并列，所以用sweet。故选C。
20．B 根据文章最后一句可知，三天里有184,000人分享，61,500点赞，所以是引起了极大关注。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018河北衡水中学大联考)How do native speakers truly feel when speaking with nonnative English speakers? It seems that 1.________(break) English annoys them.However, they keep being really nice when speaking with nonnative speakers.I wonder how they really feel when doing so.
I think it would depend 2.________the native English speakers.Some people are just 3.________(easy) annoyed.
Personally, I study Spanish.When I hear someone 4.________(attempt) English, I am patient with them because I know 5.________ difficult it is to talk in a nonnative tongue.I also know English is very difficult 6._______(learn), and that increases my respect for their efforts.I'm a patient person by nature.
The situation matters too.If I were waiting 7.________(table) on a super crowded day and really 8.________(need) to do about a dozen different things, I might become upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while ordering his meal.
There also exists the 9.________(possible) that what is considered as annoyance is not true annoyance.I might frown(皱眉) while listening to a nonnative speaker, 10.________that would be because I am concentrating and listening hard to understand him.It wouldn't mean I'm at all annoyed.
【答案】1.broken 2.on/upon 3.easily 4.attempting
5．how 6.to learn 7.tables 8.needed 9.possibility 10.but/yet
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
A handwritten thankyou letter is a simple way to make other people feel well.However，it is strange that few people writing it now.At work，a thankyou letter to staff is very effective.It costs little and has much side effects.The effort involved writing letters is very low.But the pleasure from it is very high，what makes it an excellent way to inspire the staff.But now that the letter is so encouraged，why don't more employers write it? There seems to be three reason. Firstly，they think their own work was more valuable than that of others.Since no one ever writes the letter，they don't write any ourselves.Secondly，they aren't close enough to the business to know who deserves to thanks.Thirdly，they have forgotten the fact that everyone likes to be praised.
【答案】
A handwritten thankyou letter is a simple way to make other people feel .However，it is strange that few people it now.At work，a thankyou letter to staff is very effective.It costs little and has side effects.The effort involved writing letters is very low.But the pleasure from it is very high， makes it an excellent way to inspire the staff.But now that the letter is so ，why don't more employers write it? There seems to be three . Firstly，they think their own work more valuable than that of others.Since no one ever writes the letter，they don't write any .Secondly，they aren't close enough to the business to know who deserves thanks.Thirdly，they have forgotten the fact that everyone likes to be praised.
Ⅱ.书面表达
假设你是李华，在伦敦做交换生，昨天你的室友Tony在校园摔倒后被人救助。请你给校求助中心写封邮件，寻找那名帮助Tony的中国学生。
注意： 1.词数 100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua, an exchange student from China.I am writing to ask you to help look for a Chinese student.Yesterday, my roommate Tony was on the way to the classroom when he fell down and could hardly move.
Just at that moment, a Chinese girl came to him.She gave him first aid and called an ambulance.Thanks to the kind girl, Tony was sent to hospital in time.But the girl left quietly before Tony could express his gratitude.The girl is about 18 years old and of medium height with short hair.Tony is eager to meet her to convey his sincere appreciation.Could you please help to find her?
I am looking forward to your prompt reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond ________(describe)．
2．Because of the drought, thousands of people died of________(starve) each year in the past.
3．Knowledge or techniques have been________(acquire) through exploration.
4．The policeman got hold________the thief and took him to the police station.
5．If he takes on this work, he will have no alternative but ________(meet) an even greater challenge.
6．________(lack) of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.
【答案】1.description 2.starvation 3.acquired 4.of
5．to meet 6.Lack
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The charges were dropped for lacking of evidence.
_____________________________________________________________
2．Job is not only a mean of living, but it is also a way of experiencing life.
_____________________________________________________________
3．The fact is that the big house is in possession of my uncle.
_____________________________________________________________
4．The house isn't big enough for us, and in addition, it's too far to the town.
_____________________________________________________________
5．If the car should break out on the way, you would have to walk back.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.lacking→lack 2.mean →means 3.in后加the 4.去掉and 6.out →down
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