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[小题夯基练]
1．(全国卷Ⅰ，阅读C节选)“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.
Q：What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?
A．It will disappear gradually.
B．It remains black and white.
C．It should keep up with the times.
D．It changes every 50 years.
解析：C [根据节选第一段Moran说的“...jazz is not black and white anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually digital.”及节选第二段中的“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same”可知，他认为世界在变，爵士乐应该与时俱进。故选C。]
2．(全国卷Ⅲ，阅读C节选)The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
Q：What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A．Doubtful.
B．Positive.
C．Disapproving.
D．Uncaring.
解析：B [观察四个选项可以看出是四种不同的态度；A项怀疑；B项积极；C项不赞成；D项不关心(中立)。根据节选段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B项。]
3．(2018·北京卷阅读C)
PlasticEating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, coauthor of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carboncarbon bond, is there as well, ”she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
Q：What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To explain a study method on worms.
B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C．To present a way to break down plastics.
D．To propose new means to keep ecobalance.
解析：C [作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。故选C项。]
4．(2019·衡水二模，B)Don't wander aimlessly through life.Get confused on your goals，start helping others in need，and live life to the fullest！Life is too short to be anything but happy.Visit my blog and find what you've been missing.Sign up for my newsletter(时事通讯)and get seven free ebooks，too！Read hundreds of articles while you're there in the article section，which is updated daily.
Q：This text must be taken from ________.
A．a radio program
B．a website
C．a newspaper
D．a TV program
解析：B [根据文中的几个关键词Visit my blog，ebooks，Sign up，updated可知这篇文章选自网站。故选B。]
5．(四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
…
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.
Q：How does the author support the theme of the text?
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
解析：D [根据文章信息 But now a study has found it really does help people nod off...Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin...The study...involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.和Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content...可知，作者是通过列举研究结果来支撑主题。故选D项。]
[大题提能练]
A
Indian actor Aamir Khan is sealing his major celebrity status in China with the cinema of social relevance.
Aamir Khan was in China to promote his latest Hindi film Secret Superstar.During his weeklong stay，the Indian actor also found out that he has become a major celebrity in a country where Bollywood's reach has been traditionally limited.
Some local analysts compare his stardom in China to that of Hollywood actors Tom Hanks，Tom Cruise and Leonardo Dicaprio.Others don't think Khan is an activist actor.Still others describe him as a feminist.The Chinese media seem to have settled for Mishu，or Uncle Aamir.
The surprising rise in popularity of the 52yearold Bollywood star is owing to his cinema of social relevance that Chinese moviegoers don't get enough of from their own industry as well as his savvy marketing and China outreach.At more than 1 million，Khan has the most followers for an Indian on Sina Weibo，the country's Twitterlike platform.
Secret Superstar had made more than $63 million earlier this week.The story of a teenage Muslim girl's fight against ugly patriarchy to realize her dreams was released in China on Jan 19,2018.
Last year，his film Dangal，inspired by the real journey of an Indian wrestler through a conservative landscape to turn his daughters into worldclass athletes，had made nearly 1.3 billion yuan.
In 2011，Khan's work first got major attention from Chinese moviegoers with Three Idiots，which was released in India much earlier.Film critics and fans alike recommended it to their friends.Some film critics say the education systems，gender discrimination and domestic violence (that Secret Superstar shows) are among clear similarities of social issues in India and China.
The audience is also getting a bit bored with Hollywood films shown in China.While it's still early to estimate if Hollywood's influence on the Chinese market is on the wane，the local audience's appetite for diverse cinema is definitely on show and is helping Khan.
[语篇解读] 继《摔跤吧！爸爸》之后，印度影星“米叔”的又一部力作《神秘巨星》在中国大火。那么，为什么他的每部作品都能在中国走红呢？
1．How did Khan market his film wisely?
A．By recommending it through film critics.
B．By attracting followers on Sina Weibo.
C．By posting film introductions on Twitter.
D．By inviting Hollywood stars to advertise it.
解析：B [细节理解题。根据第四段可知，他借助微博来推广他的电影。]
2．Why did Three Idiots win the hearts of Chinese audience?
A．It reflects serious family violence.
B．It is about a girl to achieve her success.
C．It tells the education systems similar to that of China.
D．It is adapted from a real story.
解析：C [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句话推知，《三傻大闹宝莱坞》这部电影反映了与中国相似的教育制度，故受到中国观众的欢迎。]
3．What is the common theme of Khan's film?
A．Social issues.
B．Romantic love.
C．Cruel wars.
D．Family relationships.
解析：A [推理判断题。根据第一段及第四段第一句推知，他的电影主题往往是社会问题。]
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Bollywood replaces Hollywood on the Chinese market.
B．It is often boring to watch Hollywood films.
C．Hollywood films have lost the market in China.
D．Chinese audience are developing a diverse appetite for films.
解析：D [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，现在中国的观众形成了多种不同的电影文化口味。]
B
(2019·大连高三一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School，Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel.So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge，Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，”Smeeton said.“She immediately started researching bone density(密度)of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”
“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，”Dobek says.
Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in.It also includes the SGF or selfGrowing Farm，and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design.A simulator(模拟装置)allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment.Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth，such as their homes.
“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，”Dobek said.“whatever they want to do，they should push for it and always try their best.”
[语篇解读] 该文主要介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站，并赢得挑战的相关内容。
5．Dobek first became interested in space when ________.
A．she was still a seventh grader
B．she studied at a junior high school
C．she lived on the top of their house
D．she watched an eclipse of the moon
解析：D [考查细节理解。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她在三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。]
6．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ________.
A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B．she had no other students interested in Mars
C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
解析：D [考查推理判断。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色地完成充满信心。]
7．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?
A．The environment on Mars.
B．The safety of the supplies.
C．The activities for astronauts.
D．The comfort of the astronauts.
解析：D [考查推理判断。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也感到舒适。]
[小题夯基练]
1．(全国卷Ⅰ，阅读C节选)“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.
Q：What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?
A．It will disappear gradually.
B．It remains black and white.
C．It should keep up with the times.
D．It changes every 50 years.
解析：C [根据节选第一段Moran说的“...jazz is not black and white anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually digital.”及节选第二段中的“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same”可知，他认为世界在变，爵士乐应该与时俱进。故选C。]
2．(全国卷Ⅲ，阅读C节选)The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
Q：What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A．Doubtful.
B．Positive.
C．Disapproving.
D．Uncaring.
解析：B [观察四个选项可以看出是四种不同的态度；A项怀疑；B项积极；C项不赞成；D项不关心(中立)。根据节选段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B项。]
3．(2018·北京卷阅读C)
PlasticEating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, coauthor of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carboncarbon bond, is there as well, ”she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
Q：What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To explain a study method on worms.
B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C．To present a way to break down plastics.
D．To propose new means to keep ecobalance.
解析：C [作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。故选C项。]
4．(2019·衡水二模，B)Don't wander aimlessly through life.Get confused on your goals，start helping others in need，and live life to the fullest！Life is too short to be anything but happy.Visit my blog and find what you've been missing.Sign up for my newsletter(时事通讯)and get seven free ebooks，too！Read hundreds of articles while you're there in the article section，which is updated daily.
Q：This text must be taken from ________.
A．a radio program
B．a website
C．a newspaper
D．a TV program
解析：B [根据文中的几个关键词Visit my blog，ebooks，Sign up，updated可知这篇文章选自网站。故选B。]
5．(四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
…
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.
Q：How does the author support the theme of the text?
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
解析：D [根据文章信息 But now a study has found it really does help people nod off...Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin...The study...involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.和Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content...可知，作者是通过列举研究结果来支撑主题。故选D项。]
[大题提能练]
A
Indian actor Aamir Khan is sealing his major celebrity status in China with the cinema of social relevance.
Aamir Khan was in China to promote his latest Hindi film Secret Superstar.During his weeklong stay，the Indian actor also found out that he has become a major celebrity in a country where Bollywood's reach has been traditionally limited.
Some local analysts compare his stardom in China to that of Hollywood actors Tom Hanks，Tom Cruise and Leonardo Dicaprio.Others don't think Khan is an activist actor.Still others describe him as a feminist.The Chinese media seem to have settled for Mishu，or Uncle Aamir.
The surprising rise in popularity of the 52yearold Bollywood star is owing to his cinema of social relevance that Chinese moviegoers don't get enough of from their own industry as well as his savvy marketing and China outreach.At more than 1 million，Khan has the most followers for an Indian on Sina Weibo，the country's Twitterlike platform.
Secret Superstar had made more than $63 million earlier this week.The story of a teenage Muslim girl's fight against ugly patriarchy to realize her dreams was released in China on Jan 19,2018.
Last year，his film Dangal，inspired by the real journey of an Indian wrestler through a conservative landscape to turn his daughters into worldclass athletes，had made nearly 1.3 billion yuan.
In 2011，Khan's work first got major attention from Chinese moviegoers with Three Idiots，which was released in India much earlier.Film critics and fans alike recommended it to their friends.Some film critics say the education systems，gender discrimination and domestic violence (that Secret Superstar shows) are among clear similarities of social issues in India and China.
The audience is also getting a bit bored with Hollywood films shown in China.While it's still early to estimate if Hollywood's influence on the Chinese market is on the wane，the local audience's appetite for diverse cinema is definitely on show and is helping Khan.
[语篇解读] 继《摔跤吧！爸爸》之后，印度影星“米叔”的又一部力作《神秘巨星》在中国大火。那么，为什么他的每部作品都能在中国走红呢？
1．How did Khan market his film wisely?
A．By recommending it through film critics.
B．By attracting followers on Sina Weibo.
C．By posting film introductions on Twitter.
D．By inviting Hollywood stars to advertise it.
解析：B [细节理解题。根据第四段可知，他借助微博来推广他的电影。]
2．Why did Three Idiots win the hearts of Chinese audience?
A．It reflects serious family violence.
B．It is about a girl to achieve her success.
C．It tells the education systems similar to that of China.
D．It is adapted from a real story.
解析：C [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句话推知，《三傻大闹宝莱坞》这部电影反映了与中国相似的教育制度，故受到中国观众的欢迎。]
3．What is the common theme of Khan's film?
A．Social issues.
B．Romantic love.
C．Cruel wars.
D．Family relationships.
解析：A [推理判断题。根据第一段及第四段第一句推知，他的电影主题往往是社会问题。]
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Bollywood replaces Hollywood on the Chinese market.
B．It is often boring to watch Hollywood films.
C．Hollywood films have lost the market in China.
D．Chinese audience are developing a diverse appetite for films.
解析：D [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，现在中国的观众形成了多种不同的电影文化口味。]
B
(2019·大连高三一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School，Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel.So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge，Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，”Smeeton said.“She immediately started researching bone density(密度)of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”
“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，”Dobek says.
Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in.It also includes the SGF or selfGrowing Farm，and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design.A simulator(模拟装置)allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment.Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth，such as their homes.
“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，”Dobek said.“whatever they want to do，they should push for it and always try their best.”
[语篇解读] 该文主要介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站，并赢得挑战的相关内容。
5．Dobek first became interested in space when ________.
A．she was still a seventh grader
B．she studied at a junior high school
C．she lived on the top of their house
D．she watched an eclipse of the moon
解析：D [考查细节理解。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她在三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。]
6．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ________.
A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B．she had no other students interested in Mars
C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
解析：D [考查推理判断。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色地完成充满信心。]
7．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?
A．The environment on Mars.
B．The safety of the supplies.
C．The activities for astronauts.
D．The comfort of the astronauts.
解析：D [考查推理判断。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也感到舒适。]
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