2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题一第八讲　定语从句


第八讲　定语从句[学生用书P32]
　　定语从句是指在句中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。定语从句的考查历年都是高考的重点，关联词的选择是高考的主要考点。
[学生用书P32]
　关系代词引导的定语从句

1．(2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
A．which B．who
C．as D．that
A　解析：考查定语从句。句意：她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。根据句子结构可知，此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的事。
2．(2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A．which B．its
C．whose D．whom
C　解析：考查定语从句。purposes与the World Food Programme存在“所属”关系，此处指“世界粮食计划署的目的之一”，且空处在句中作定语，因此选择whose。
3．(北京卷)I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A．whose B．why
C．where D．which
A　解析：考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句修饰a couple，且关系词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。

关系代词引导的定语从句
who，whom，that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语；that不能引导非限制性定语从句
which，that代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词，在从句中作主语、宾语等
whose用来指人或物，在从句中作定语
当主句中出现the same，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，as在从句中作主语或宾语
只用that的情况
先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，any，few，no，little等修饰时
先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时
先行词为人、物并用时
先行词为人、物并用时当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时
当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时
Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，who，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society.
埃伦是一个画鸟类和自然的画家，出于某种原因，她已经退出所有的社会活动。
The school shop，whose customers(＝the customers of which/of which the customers) are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.
这家学校商店大部分的顾客是学生，因放假而暂停营业了。
This is such a difficult problem as all of us can’t work out.
这是一个我们所有人都不能解决的难题。
(比较：This is such a difficult problem that all of us can’t work it out.　这个问题很难，我们中无人能解决它。)

as和which引导定语从句的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。


　
续　表
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese people’s long­held dreams come true.
莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。

(1)whom，which，that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that。
(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
(3)定语从句中的主谓一致：①关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。②“(the) one of＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，当先行词为“one of＋复数名词”时，从句的谓语动词用复数；当先行词为“the (only/very/right) one of＋复数名词”时，从句的谓语动词用单数。　

1．(2018·天津卷)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A．whom B．that
C．whose D．her
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：凯特到澳大利亚去工作了。读大学的时候我和她的姐姐住一个寝室。从句子结构看，本空需要关系词引导定语从句，先行词为Kate，且关系代词在从句中作定语，因此用关系代词whose引导这个定语从句。
2．________ famous British journalist Jeremy Paxman told BBC News, a journalist’s natural response to anything is to ask “who, what, why, where and when”．
A．What B．Which
C．That D．As
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如英国著名记者Jeremy Paxman告诉BBC News的那样，记者对任何事情的自然反应都是问“谁、什么、为什么、哪里和什么时间”。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作宾语，意为“正如”，应用As。故选D。
　关系副词引导的定语从句

1．(2019·江苏卷)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A．which　　　　　　　 B．what
C．when D．that
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为an age，空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，故用关系副词when。
2．(2018·江苏卷)Self­driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A．that
B．where
C．which
D．when
B　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是area，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，因此用where，相当于in which。

关系副词引导的定语从句
when(＝in/at/on/during which)，where(＝in/at which)，why(＝for which)的先行词分别是时间、地点、原因的名词，并且在从句中作状语
特殊用法
当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which
先行词occasions当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where
当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that，in which或省略关系词三种形式引导定语从句。但当其在从句中作主语或宾语等成分时，其后的关系词为that/which
When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.
当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。
Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。
We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。
The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you solve the problem.
我不喜欢你解决问题的方法。
[比较：The way (that/which)I thought of to solve the problem proves to be practical.　我想到的解决这个问题的方法证明是可行的。]

如何判断关系词
1．首先判断是不是定语从句。如果是定语从句就要找准先行词；选用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
2．准确判断先行词在从句中的成分(主、宾、定、表、状)，才能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。如果先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语，选择关系代词(which，that，who，whom，whose)；如果先行词在从句中作状语，选择关系副词(when，where，why)。熟练掌握每个关系词的用法是解题的关键。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A．why B．where
C．which D．what
B　解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子处于一个会说个别的词但不会说完整句子的阶段。先行词stage意为“阶段”，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，故用in which或者where。故选B。
2．The old couple will never forget the days ________ they made a living by picking up rubbish on the street.
A．where B．when
C．which D．as
B　解析：考查定语从句。句意：这对老夫妻永远不会忘记他们靠沿街捡拾垃圾谋生的日子。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词days，且引导词在从句中作状语，故用关系副词when。
3．In countries________many different languages are spoken，English is often used as an official language to help people communicate.
A．where B．when
C．why D．which
A　解析：考查定语从句。句意：在一些说多种语言的国家里，英语经常作为官方语言来帮助人们交流。关系副词where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries。
　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

1．(2016·江苏卷)Many young people, most ________ were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A．of which B．of them
C．of whom D．of those
C　解析：考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是young people, most表示他们中的大多数，因此应该使用most of whom。因为先行词指人，不能选择of which。
2．(重庆卷)He wrote many children’s books，nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
A．whom B．which
C．them D．that
B　解析：考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：他写过很多儿童书籍，将近一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的。此题的先行词是children’s books，指物，因此不能选whom；that引导定语从句可以指物，但是不能在介词后作宾语；假如选them，应该在nearly前加适当的连词。因此只能选择which。此处是“代词＋of＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
构成
句法功能
用法
名词/代词＋of＋ which/whom
主语
表示所属关系，名词前通常有定冠词修饰，可转化为“whose＋名词”
数词/形容词最高级＋of＋which/whom
主语
表示部分与整体的关系，数词还可被some，many，most，each等不定代词替换
介词(短语)＋which/whom
状语
“介词短语＋which”引导的定语从句，从句常与先行词用逗号分开，并且从句常用倒装语序
介词＋关系代词＋名词
状语
关系代词常用which和whose
John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.
约翰邀请了40人参加婚礼，大部分是他的家人。
I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.
我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。
She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which(＝whose construction) had taken more than three years.
她带领游客参观博物馆，其建造已耗时三年多。
He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一个大房子里，房子前面有一棵又高又大的树。
I’ll never forget the days on which(＝when) we studied together.
我永远忘不了我们在一起学习的日子。

“介词＋关系代词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。介词的确定有以下三种方式：
1．依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有钱。(spend...on...)　
2．依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.
心灵的关爱是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中即使是细微的生活细节都应该被考虑在内。(in...process)
3．依据所表达的意思来确定。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色气体就是氧气，离了它我们不能活。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(浙江卷)Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A．as B．whose
C．in which D．at which
C　解析：考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，________employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句，从句中缺少状语，故用where或“介词＋which”引导，根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in，故选C项。
2．She produced another new record in 2017, ________ she celebrated her 38th birthday.
A．at which B．in that
C．with which D．about that
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：2017年她又出了一张新专辑，以此庆祝自己38岁生日。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是record，故用关系代词which，根据句意可知， 用介词with，表示“用……”。故选C项。
3．There were twenty students in this smallsized class, ________ came from the same mountain village.
A．most of whom B．most of them
C．most of which D．most of that
A　解析：考查定语从句。句意：这个小型的班级有20名学生，他们中的大部分人都来自同一个山村。空处属于“名词/数词/不定代词＋of＋关系代词(which/whom)”结构，该结构中of通常表示所属关系；如果先行词指物，就用which，指人就用whom。句中先行词是students，故用most of whom。
　特殊定语从句

1．(北京卷)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.
A．who B．which
C．when D．where
B　解析：考查分隔式定语从句。句意：上周我从图书馆借了本《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》，这是我同学推荐给我看的书。先行词为the book Sherlock Holmes，把先行词代入定语从句后为my classmates recommended the book Sherlock Holmes to me，由此可知先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故定语从句用which引导。
2．(重庆卷)We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year.
A．which B．where
C．when D．what
A　解析：考查分隔式定语从句。句意：我们将在一个月之内完成年初设定的销售目标。先行词为the sales targets，把先行词代入定语从句后为“we set the sales targets at the beginning of the year”，先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。此题易误选C项，把a month当作了先行词，when引导定语从句时，先行词虽为表示时间的词，但在从句中要作状语，而题干中从句缺少的是宾语，由此可排除C项。


分隔式定语从句
先行词与关系词分隔
插入式定语从句
关系代词与定语从句之间有插入语
省略式定语从句
介词＋关系代词＋不定式
介词＋关系副词
from where/since when也可引导定语从句
The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。
To own a computer in families，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.
家里有台电脑，在20年前我们认为这是不可能的事，现在实现了。
I came here in 1949，since when I have been engaged in this work.
我1949年到这里，从那时起我就从事这项工作。
We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town.
我们站在山顶上，从那儿能看到全镇的景色。
The poor man has no house in which to live.＝The poor man has no house (that/which) he can live in.
这个可怜的人没有房子住。

在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同位语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是：抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型或从句。
I have three cars，none of which is in good condition.(定语从句)
I have three cars，but none of them is in good condition.(并列句)
The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(定语从句，that在从句中充当宾语可省略)
He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，但不可省略)
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
Recently I have bought an iPad on the website of Taobao.com，________the price is very reasonable.
A．on which B．in which
C．of which D．from which
C　解析：句意：我最近在淘宝网买了一个iPad，它的价格非常合理。of表示所属关系，意为“……的”。of which the price＝the price of which＝whose price。
[学生用书P36]
单项填空
1．(江苏卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A．which B．when
C．as D．where
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当中。本题采用还原法解题，将先行词work还原到定语从句中，即：a good impression is a must at work显然关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。
2．(湖南卷)It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A．as B．where
C．that D．which
D　解析：考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。
3．(四川卷)Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.
A．that B．which
C．who D．it
B　解析：考查定语从句。句意：到目前为止，我们已经为那些贫困的孩子筹集了50 000英镑，这很出乎意料。分析句子结构可知，句子中间是逗号，不可能用it作第二句话的主语；也不可能用that，因为that不能引导非限制性定语从句；再分析句子可知，关系词指代的是整个主句的内容，故选which，此处引导非限制性定语从句。
4．(安徽卷)The exact year________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
A．when B．where
C．why D．which
D　解析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句中的谓语动词 spent为及物动词，故从句中缺少宾语，故选用关系代词which。
5．(全国卷)September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.
A．by B．for
C．with D．in
A　解析：考查介词的基本用法。句意：9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。分析结构可知，事实上此处是“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。介词by可以表示“到……为止，在……之前”。
6．(福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities________they can gain experience for growth.
A．who B．when
C．which D．where
D　解析：考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：学生们应该积极参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，本句的先行词是community activities，将其移到后面的定语从句中为：they can gain experience for growth (in) community activities，由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
7．It was an exciting moment ________ Sun Yang won the gold medal in the men’s 1，500m freestyle final at the 2018 Asian Games.
A．which B．while
C．where D．when
D　解析： 考查定语从句。句意：孙杨在2018年亚运会男子1 500米自由泳决赛中获得了金牌，那是一个激动人心的时刻。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，先行词是moment，应用关系副词when。故选D。
8．He showed us a magazine ________ an article about him was printed along with his photograph.
A．when B．in whom
C．in which D．which
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：他给我们看了一本杂志，里面刊登了一篇关于他的文章，还附有他的照片。先行词是a magazine，空处在后面的从句中充当地点状语，故用where或者in which。故选C项。
9．I am looking forward to the day________my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A．as B．why
C．when D．where
C　解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我期待着有一天，我的女儿能读懂这本书，并能理解我对她的感情。本句中含有定语从句，先行词是the day，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。
10．A new atmosphere is being formed among us this year ________ we stress effective work and oppose empty talk.
A．that B．where
C．when D．which
B　解析：考查定语从句。句意：今年我们正在形成一种新的氛围，在这种氛围中，我们重视有效的工作，反对空谈。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为A new atmosphere，为抽象的地点概念，故应用where来引导该定语从句。
[学生用书P127(单独成册)]
(建议用时：30分钟)
单项填空
1．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)Industrial parks, built by Chinese companies, are a key way ________ African countries are working to create viable manufacturing platforms.
A．which　　　　　　　　 B．where
C．why D．that
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：由中国公司建立的工业园区是非洲国家努力建立可行的制造平台的一个关键途径。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a key way，且空处在从句中充当方式状语，结合选项可知选D。
2．A scientist’s attempt to produce the world’s first gene­edited babies ________ are immune to HIV has sparked controversy in the public.
A．as B．who
C．whom D．whose
B　解析：考查定语从句。句意：一位科学家试图培育出世界上首例对HIV有免疫力的基因编辑婴儿，这在学术界和公众中引发了争议。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在定语从句中充当主语，先行词为babies，故用关系代词who/that来引导。故选B。
3．Bella, who is always cheerful, creates a friendly work atmosphere in her office every day, ________ her colleagues find pleasant and relaxing.
A．where B．which
C．when D．that
B　解析：考查定语从句。句意：Bella总是很快乐，她每天都在办公室里创造一种友好的工作氛围，她的同事认为这种氛围很舒适并让人放松。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a friendly work atmosphere”，且在从句中作find的宾语，故用which。
4．Most of my friends shop at the stores ________ the goods are very cheap.
A．which B．where
C．whose D．why
B　解析：考查定语从句。根据句子结构判断，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the stores，且在从句中作状语，表示地点，故选B。
5．On the second floor there are two rooms，________is used as a meeting room.
A．the larger of which B．one of them
C．the larger one of that D．the largest of which
A　解析：句意：在二楼有两个房间，其中较大的那个被用作会议室。句中没有连接词，可知逗号后为定语从句，the larger of which＝and the larger of them＝and the larger of the two rooms。B项变为and one of them才正确；定语从句中，若介词置于引导词前，则不能用that而用which，所以C项也不正确。
6．A great number of visitors flood in to climb up to the top of the tower, ________ they can have a good view of the whole city.
A．to where B．from what
C．with which D．from where
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：许多游客蜂拥而来以登上塔顶，从那里他们可以一览全市风光。from where they can...是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。注意：where在此处为关系代词而非关系副词。
7．It’s helpful to put children in a situation________they can see themselves differently.
A．that B．when
C．which D．where
D　解析：这里的先行词是“a situation”，带入定语从句中还原后有“they can see themselves differently in the situation”，所以关系词应为where，相当于“in which”。
8．The school library is a resource ________ you can take advantage to make progress.
A．in which B．on which
C．from which D．of which
D　解析：考查定语从句。此处根据定语从句中的动词短语take advantage 后接of可确定介词，故选D。
9．The door was open, from ________ he could see everything outside.　
A．which B．after which
C．behind it D．where
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：门是开着的，从那里他可以看见外面的一切。from where在此引导定语从句。
10．His best movie, ________ won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi.
A．which B．what
C．that D．who
A　解析：考查定语从句。句意：他最优秀的电影，就是荣获几个奖项的那一部，是关于甘地生平的。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，指代前面的movie，故用which。
11．—Did you remember the days________we studied in the university?
—Certainly.Especially the hard times________we spent together.
A．which；when B．when；which
C．when；when D．which；which
B　解析：考查定语从句。第一个空从句中的study为不及物动词，不缺少宾语，故用when引导定语从句修饰先行词days；第二个空spend是及物动词且缺少宾语故用which引导定语从句。
12．Although his family couldn’t afford his education, he managed to find a place at the College of Art ________ word of his talent quickly spread.
A．whose B．when
C．which D．where
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：尽管他的家里无法供他上学，但是他设法进了艺术学院，在那里，他有天赋的消息很快就传开了。分析句子结构可知，where在句中引导定语从句，修饰the College of Art，并在从句中作地点状语。
13．You should realize the fact that when you graduate from university，you are still not prepared for the possible situations________you may face in the working world.
A．where B．that
C．what D．when
B　解析：考查定语从句。句意：你应该知道，当你大学毕业的时候，你依然还没准备好应对你在职场可能面对的各种局面。本空需要关系词引导定语从句修饰名词situations，且在从句中作face的宾语，此时用that/which引导这个定语从句。
14．Lenovo has brought out a new laptop________ low cost will make it attractive to students.
A．which B．where
C．whose D．what
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：联想又出了一种新型笔记本电脑，它低廉的价位会对学生们很有吸引力。先行词为a new laptop，在定语从句中作定语，故选C。
15．(2019·南京模拟)The famous writer is going to talk about the European countries and people ________ he has visited in the past two months.
A．who B．whom
C．that D．which
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：这位著名作家打算谈一谈他过去两个月参观过的欧洲国家和拜访过的人。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句且在定语从句中充当宾语，先行词是the European countries and people，既有人又有物，只能用that引导，而不能用which。故选C。
16．The old pictures bring them to the days________they spent together，________ life was hard but happy.
A．when；whose B．which；whose
C．which；when D．when；which
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：那些旧照片使他们回想起他们在一起度过的那些日子，当时生活很苦但很幸福。________they spent together为定语从句，先行词为the days，在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故用which或that；________life was hard but happy也为定语从句，修饰先行词the days，该先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用when，故选C。
17．Many university graduates wish to be offered a job ________ they can find an opportunity to experience the excitement of it.
A．which B．why
C．where D．what
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：许多大学毕业生希望被提供(这样)一份工作，在这份工作中他们能有机会去体验它的兴奋之处。根据句子结构来判断，空处在句中引导了一个定语从句，其先行词为a job，且空处在从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where。
18．Today is my grandfather’s 100th birthday，an occasion________ we are going to celebrate with all the family and a few friends in for the evening.
A．who B．which
C．where D．when
B　解析：考查定语从句。句意：今天是我爷爷的一百岁生日，晚上我们全家会和几个朋友聚在一起庆祝这个日子。先行词为occasion，从句中缺in的宾语，故用which。
19．She is looking forward to the day ________ her daughter wins the gold medal in the Olympics.
A．how B．which
C．when D．where
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：她盼望着女儿在奥运会中获得金牌的那一天(的到来)。空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。故该定语从句应用when引导。
20．________ is often the case，some British people are not familiar with different cultures.
A．Which B．As
C．It D．That
B　解析：考查固定搭配。as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语。As is often the case情况常常如此。句意：有些英国人不熟悉不同的文化，这是常有的事。故选B。
21．Mary said she had finished her work in advance, ________ I doubted very much.
A．that B．what
C．whose D．which
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：玛丽说她已经提前完成了她的工作，对此我深感怀疑。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，且空处在从句中作宾语，故只能用which引导。
22．Each graduate standing on the playground，________ was accompanied by a parent，would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.
A．which B．who
C．as D．where
B　解析：考查分隔式定语从句。句意：在父亲或母亲的陪伴下，站在操场上的每个毕业生都会由校长亲自颁发给毕业证。先行词为Each graduate，在从句中作主语，故选B。
23．The little monkey，________ mother was killed by a truck, is being taken good care of by an old man.
A．which B．where
C．whose D．that
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：这只小猴子正由一位老人细心照料，它的母亲被一辆卡车撞死了。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The little monkey，且关系词在从句中作定语修饰mother，表示“它的”，故选whose。
24．(2019·盐城模拟)Janet as well as the other young people who_______sent abroad by the government_______brought up in a small town.
A．was；was B．was；were
C．were；were D．were；was
D　解析：定语从句中谓语的单复数取决于先行词，关系代词who修饰的先行词是the other young people，应用复数谓语动词；主句的主语为Janet，主句谓语动词应用单数。故选D。
25．The economist ________ all of us are familiar will visit our company next week.
A．whom B．which
C．with which D．with whom
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们大家都熟悉的那位经济学家下周将访问我们公司。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，介词可根据be familiar with这个固定搭配确定为with；再依据先行词为The economist(指人)可知，此处应用with whom来引导该定语从句。
26．Yesterday evening I came across the man________ you think is pleased to________．
A．who；talk B．whom；get along with
C．who；work with D．whom；be talked with
C　解析：关系代词who在引导的限制性定语从句中充当主语，不及物动词后若跟宾语，则需加介词。故选C。
27．The living standard of the people in China，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past decades.
A．what B．as
C．it D．that
B　解析：句意：正如报告所显示的，中国人民的生活水平在过去的几十年里得到了改善。这里用as引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词as指代主句的内容并在从句中作主语。
28．This restaurant has an inviting，homelike atmosphere________ many others are short of.
A．where B．when
C．that D．what
C　解析：句意：这家餐馆有一种诱人的、如家般的氛围，这是很多其他餐馆所没有的。这里需要用关系代词引导定语从句，且指物并在从句中作宾语，故选C。
29．Just as Martin Luther King, Jr. said, peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means ________ we arrive at that goal.
A．in which B．with which
C．by which D．to which
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如马丁·路德·金所说，和平不仅仅是我们追求的一个遥远的目标，还是我们达到那个目标的一种手段。根据语境并分析句子成分可知，先行词是means，空处在定语从句中作方式状语，故用by which。
30．Li Hua made some foreign friends in the summer camp, ________， just like himself, are interested in world history.
A．where B．who
C．they D．all
B　解析：本题为分隔式非限制性定语从句，先行词是foreign friends，引导词在从句中作主语。此句的意思是“李华在夏令营交了一些外国朋友，就像他自己一样，他们对世界历史感兴趣。”
31．I have to remind myself that some birds are not meant to be caged. Their feathers are just too bright. And when they fly away, the part of you ________ knows it is offence to lock them up does feel happy.
A．that B．who
C．where D．when
A　解析：考查定语从句。根据句子成分，空处引导定语从句，the part of you为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词that。
32．Some citizens will attend a meeting to be held by our city government, the opinions ________ can be voiced freely there.
A．of which B．of whom
C．in which D．in whom
B　解析：考查定语从句。句意：一些市民将参加我们市政府举行的一个会议，在那里他们可以自由地发表他们的见解。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为citizens。在此the opinions of whom相当于whose opinions。
33．It has been announced that the award will be given to ________ has made the largest donation to charity this year.
A．anyone B．the one
C．whomever D．whoever
D　解析：考查定语从句中的关系代词。句意：已经宣布奖项将会给予本年度为慈善机构捐款最多的人。这里关系代词既作主语又作宾语，且指人，只能选whoever，表示任何人，故选D。
34．A story I read two years ago，________ name I can’t remember clearly, changed my idea about education.
A．which B．that
C．whose D．what
C　解析：考查定语从句。句意：两年前我读过的一个故事改变了我对教育的看法，它的名字我记不清楚了。whose修饰name，引导非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰先行词A story。
35．She lost her temper，________ I decided to go back home.
A．in this case B．in which occasion
C．at which point D．in the event
C　解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她失控了，在那个时候我决定回家。整个句子缺少连接词，要用从句，at which point在……时，which指代前面的She lost her temper这个场合，故选C项。
36．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A．which B．when
C．as D．where
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：这本书在日常交际中给予了我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。本题先行词为work，可以理解为抽象的地点；而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语，因此可以排除关系代词，而选择可以作状语的关系副词where。
37．The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A．until B．that
C．when D．where
C　解析：考查分隔式定语从句。做好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语back to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours，并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。
38．Our English teacher often creates an environment ________we are given the opportunity to practice spoken English.
A．when B．which
C．where D．that
C　解析：句意：我们的英语老师常常给我们创造一种环境，在这种环境下，我们可以有机会练习英语口语。根据语境与句子结构可知答案为C项。
39．I will forever remember a certain occasion________ we were in trouble and at that moment our best friend gave us a hand.
A．where B．which
C．why D．when
D　解析：考查定语从句。句意：我会永远记住当我们有麻烦时，我们最好的朋友帮助了我们。先行词是occasion，根据后面的时间状语at that moment可知 occasion指时间，从句中缺少的是状语，故要使用关系副词when，相当于at which time。
40．My teachers always tell me that I have reached a point in my life________ I am supposed to make decisions by myself.
A．where B．which
C．how D．why
A　解析：考查定语从句。句意：我的老师总对我说，我已经到了应该自己作出决定的那个人生阶段。根据语境可知，先行词point在此作“阶段”讲，属于表示抽象概念的地点名词，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。