考点23 词汇运用-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过（浙江专版） 试卷

考点二十三 词汇运用

命题预测：

词汇是学习英语的基础，也是中考的高频考点之一。近几年来，许多省市的中考英语都非常重视考查考生在具体语境中运用词汇的能力。

1. 命题特点：

主要考查一些高频词汇（如名词、动词、形容词等）；

考查各类词形变化；

考查六种时态的正确运用。

2. 考查题型：

（1）根据汉语提示完成句子；

（2）用所给词的适当形式填空；

（3）根据首字母提示完成句子；

（4）选词填空。

3. 题型分析：

词语运用题主要考查学生对于不同语境下英语词形的掌握情况，如对于名词要考虑单数、复数、所有格等形式；对于动词要考查人称、时态、单复数、语态以及非谓语动词等形式；对于代词，要考查代词的各种形式；对于形容词或副词，应注意比较等级的变化；对于修饰语，要注意用形容词修饰名词或代词，用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；这一题型还常考查近义词的辨析。

4. 考点预测：

我们要认识到题型是在变化的，我们的答题策略也应随之调整，但主要的考查内容是万变不离其宗，就是对英语基础知识和词语运用能力的考查。预计2019年中考将会加大对各类词汇的灵活运用及单词拼写能力的考查。

解题策略：

词语运用之解题策咯

   要做好词语运用题要求我们除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需要掌握一定的解题技巧。

1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于做试题，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，同时对词义做初步的理解。

2. 通读句子，语意完整、实用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过理解句子语境，注意发现固定搭配关系，积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要填出相应单词或短语的正确形式。

3. 在填词过程中，需要深思熟虑，既要符合句子的含义，又要保证句式、结构的正确。例如，当选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或所有格形式。在遇到动词时，要有意识的去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化等等。

为了便于记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：

4. 完成填词后，应通读句子，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态语态惯用法的错误，以确保答案的正确性。

词语运用是对学生的书面语言的基本功的考查，它不仅考查学生对单词的记忆能力，而且也考查学生对句子和特定语境中单词的正确形式的掌握。分析近几年的中考题型可以看出考查形式主要有单词拼写、词形转换、词语理解等。这一题型一般在中考中占5%～10%的分值。

词语运用之解题注意事项

下面就中考常见的四种题型分布详细阐述一下各个题型的做题策略和需要注意的地方。

一、根据汉语提示完成句子。

1. 首先要正确写出句子中所给汉语所对应的英语单词。

2. 若有两个以上的词汇符合所给的汉语意思，则要根据具体语境及固定搭配进行取舍。

3. 然后从语法角度确定英语词汇的适当形式。若填写的是名词，就要注意用名词的单数还是复数；若填写的是形容词、副词，就要注意是否需要用比较级和最高级的形式；如果是动词，就要注意它们的时态、语态等。

二、用所给词的适当形式填空。

该题型旨在考查考生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力，通常所采用的解题步骤为：明确所给词的词性→弄清所给句子的意思→确定空白处所需的词性→正确写出所填的词。具体操作方法如下：

首先，要认真阅读句子，正确理解句意。

其次，要分析应填词在句中充当的句子成分，正确判断应填词的词性。

再次，要判断所填词应采用的正确词性。若为名词，应注意其单复数、可数还是不可数及其所有格形式；若为动词，应注意其人称、数、时态、语态及非谓语动词形式；若为修饰语，应注意修饰名词或代词时用形容词，而修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句时要用副词；若为代词，注意代词的各种形式；若为形容词、副词，应注意等级变化；若为数词，要注意基数词与序数词的正确选择。

三、按照首字母提示完成句子。

1. 读懂句意，确定单词。所缺的单词一定是句中的关键词，一般多为名词或动词等实词。

2. 瞻前顾后，确定形式。

3. 检查所填单词的形式以及语法结构是否正确。

四、根据语境或句意，从方框中选词或短语填空。

该题型通常所采用的解题步骤为：明确所给词组或短语的含义→弄清所给句子的意思→确定空白处所需的单词或短语的意思→正确选出所填的词或短语。

（一）

根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英语句子。

1. 在公共场合我们应该有礼貌。

We _______________________________ in public.

2. 现在中国富强了，我们为祖国而骄傲。

Now China is rich and strong. We _______________________________ our country.

3. 请注意你的发音。

Pay attention to _______________________________, please.

4. 这架飞机模型是由木头制成的。

The model plane _______________________________.

5. 这个笔记本肯定是属于玛丽的，上面有她的名字。

The notebook must _______________________________ because it has her name on it.

（二）

根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每个空格填一个单词。

1. 我们应该独立完成作业。

We should__________ our__________ by ourselves.

2. 你介意在公共场合压低你的声音吗？

Would you mind __________ __________ your voice in public?

3. 你所使用的表达方式取决于你的说话对象或者你跟他们的熟悉程度。

The expressions you use might ___________ __________ whom you are talking to or how well you know them.

4. 我国政府已经逐步允许一些家庭拥有第二个孩子。

Our government has already ___________ some families to have a second child ___________.

5. 中国电信将会为它的客户提供4G服务。

4G service will___________ __________ for its guests by China Telecom.

（三）

根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每个空格填一个单词。

1. 我们为李娜感到骄傲。

We ____________ _____________ ____________of Li Na.

2. 喊破嗓子不如甩开膀子。

Talking the talk _____________ not as ____________ as walking the walk.

3. 瓦哈格 • 西蒙恩获得第三届北京国际电影节最佳男配角奖。

The Beijing Film Festival Award for Best ____________ _____________ was given to Vahagn Simonyan on April 23, 2013.

4. 将来这里将要建一所新学校。

A new school _____________ ____________ _____________ in the future.

（四）

根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每个空格填一个单词。

1. 好好照顾老人是我们的职责。

It’s our duty to ___________ good ___________ of the old man.

2. 我们可以从运动员身上学习到处理压力的办法。

We can learn how to ______________ ______________ pressure(压力) from players.

3. 昨天班会上很多同学都抱怨无法与父母沟通思想。

Many of my classmates ______________ about not being able to ______________ with their parents during the class meeting yesterday.

4. 所有的明星都受到了年轻人的仰慕。

All the stars ___________ ____________ up to by the young.

5. 有些人认为岩石能阻止生病。

Some people think the rocks can ___________ people ____________ becoming ill.

（一）

（2019 • 浙江金华中考）用所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。

Asia, treat, silent, anybody, pay for

31. Hearing the bad news, he sat down ________.

32. Spring Festival is celebrated in many ________ countries.

33. It’s terribly hot outside. There isn’t ________ in the square.

34. The old man takes good care of his dog and ________ it as a friend.

35. I’m so excited that my parents agreed to ________ my trip to France.

（二）

（2018 • 浙江金华中考）用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次

31. Which ________ do you like better, spring or autumn?

32. Our new English teacher comes from a small ________ town.

33. To everyone’s surprise, their plan sounded similar to ________.

34. Before we ________ rubbish, we usually divide it into different groups.

35. Parents should know that very often they ________ their children in many ways.

（三）

（2019 • 浙江湖州中考）选词填空用方框中所给的词完成下列句子, 使句子通顺、正确。每词限用一次。

36. When we make a ____________ to others, we should keep it.

37. It’s a good habit to keep your room ____________ every day.

38. I happened to know that my grandpa used to _____________ tea sets.

39. When travelling in Singapore, You can ___________ speak Putonghua a lot of the time.

40. The Chinese company Huawei is always trying to ________ the best smart phones all by itself.

41. Bob wanted to get something to eat from the fridge, but found it _____________.

（四）

（2019 • 浙江杭州中考）根据下列句子及所给的首字母，在答题纸上按题号写出各单词的正确、完全形式（每空限填一词）。

46. I’m very hungry. I haven’t e________ anything since 7:00 this morning.

47. His team had lost the game because of him. He felt like there was a heavy w____ on his shoulders as he walked home alone.

48. A d________ is a conversation between two people in a book film or play.

49. Judy is good-looking, but I think she looks much p________ with long hair than with short hair.

50. Growing vegetables looks easy, but a________ it takes a lot of learning.

51. Hearing the funny story, all the students began to l________ loudly.

52. The doctor told the patient to take the m________ three times a day.

53. J________ 1st is Children’s Day.

54. She is nineteen, and next year she is going to celebrate her t________ birthday.

55. It takes me 45 m________ to get to school by bike every morning.

（五）

（2019 • 浙江温州中考）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。

41. ___________ like listening to stories by Andersen at bed time.

42. I usually play with my little sister at home on _____________ days.

43. Adam has been working in the hospital ____________ he left school.

44. One hundred trees __________ along the riverside yesterday afternoon.

45. Qomolangma, the world Highest mountain is about 8,848 metres __________ sea level.

（六）

（2019 • 浙江宁波中考）根据下列句子及所给汉语注释, 写出空缺处各单词的正确形式 (每空一词) 。

36. The two little girls often stay together to____________ (分享)their secrets.

37. This kind of silk feels much ____________ (柔软的) than that one.

38. I plan to go abroad to celebrate my twentieth birthday in ____________ (八月) .

39. At the meeting the boss ____________ (赞扬) John for the progress he made.

40. More and more people have realized the importance of spreading our _____________(传统的) culture.

41. We can see clearly that Mongolia___________ (位于) between China and Russia on the map.

42. Could you please show me your ______________ (护照), young men?

43. You’ll forget the dancing skills easily ______________ (除非) you practice them often

44. We ____________ (很少地)hang out at weekends recently.

45. In Ningbo, everyone knows that things in blue rubbish bins can be___________ (回收利用).

（一）（2019年浙江省杭州市西湖区中考一模）

单词拼写根据下列句子及所给的首字母，在答题纸上按题号写出各单词的正确、完全形式(每空限填一词)。

1. —What’s ten and thirty?

—It’s __________.

2. I was born in A_________, the hottest month of the year.

3. Jennifer believes she will move out on her own when she is able to support h________.

4. Mary doesn’t like insects. In fact she is s_______ of them.

5. It was cold these days. The temperature remained b_________ freezing all day.

6. She won first prize in the game, t__________ none of us had expected it.

7. —Where is your mom? 

—It’s 5: 30. She must be making dinner in the k________ now.

8. By visiting these a___________ buildings, you can know what life was like here in the past.

9. —Are you ready?   

—Not y_____________. Wait a moment please.

10. The prime minister took a plane and f________ to New York today for a three-day visit.

（二）（2019年浙江省杭州市西湖区中考一模）

根据下列句子及所给的首字母，在空白处写出各单词的正确、完全形式(每空限填一词)。

1. If we do our homework more carefully, we will make fewer m________.

2. I saw Lucy looking for her key at this time last night. And I want to know if she has f________ it.

3. We all came to the party on time e________ Tim, because he lives far from here.

4. It’s noisy here, so I can’t hear you c________ on the phone. Please call me later.

5. Teenagers should mind their s________ wherever they are, because accidents may happen at any time.

6. My brother likes sleeping with the window open u________ it’s really cold.

7. As middle school students, we shouldn’t d________ too much on our parents. We should learn to look after ourselves.

8. We can hardly believe the 3­year­old boy found the way back home by h________, without others’ help.

9. I have rested at home for a week. I begin to feel b________ and want to return to school soon.

10. December is the t________ month and it is the last month of a year.

（三）（2019年浙江省温州市永嘉县中考三模）

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。

1. I was____ that our team played so well yet still lost.

2. The radio says it will be ten degrees below_____ the day after tomorrow.

3. In some Western countries, dinner ____ around 7 pm or even later.

4. It’s a terrible situation and no one will ever know ____ what happened.

5. William and Trevor, don’t walk close to the edge of the hill path. You might fall and hurt____ .

（四）（2019年浙江省温州市中考二模）

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次

1. Joe has recently returned from his _______ trip to Australia.

2. Tom looked at varied toys on _______and wondered which one he should choose.

3. Although the birds are _______ outside the window, he is still reading the book so carefully.

4. We work six days a week, from Monday to Saturday, _______ Sunday. We can have a rest on Sunday.

5. She was so bored with her job and wanted to do something _______ different, which would change herself greatly.

（五）（2019年浙江省温州瓯海中考二模）

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。

five  warn  abroad   humorous     century

1. Chen Lei kept writing to his parents while he was working ________.

2. I enjoy Mr. Johnson’s class, because he is ________ teacher in my mind.

3. It is difficult ________ people about an earthquake before it happens.

4. You can see objects and paintings of different _______ in the Louvre Museum.

5. Next week is my sister Sally’s ________ birthday, we plan to have a big party for her.

（六）（2019年浙江省湖州市中考一模）

选词填空

1. I don’t want to talk with my boss about my _______matters.

2. Tom has been invited to lecture about his _______of writing to a class of English students.

3. Police tried to _______ the two men who are fighting.

4. With the opening of the two-child policy, the _______ of China will become larger.

5. Sarah found it impossible to ________this paper cutting in a short time.

6. The old people ______ more care and attention when they live alone.

（七）（浙江省温州市2019届九年级下学期第一次学业调研）

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，完成句子，每个单词限用一次。

1. I didn’t know _________ he would come here until he called me last night.

2. The two sisters look the same. I can’t tell _________ of them from the other.

3. Tea or coffee _________ to those who feel thirsty while waiting for the train.

4. It’s well-known that _________ are always for those who are ready for them.

5. If you want to succeed, you need to practice a certain thing _________ of times.

【跟踪训练】

（一）

1. should be polite【解析】根据语境并结合汉语提示可知，这里考查的是＂应该有礼貌＂的表达。在英语中，＂应该＂可用情态动词should。＂有礼貌＂应用形容词，表达为：be polite。综合上述，故译为：should be polite。

2. are proud of【解析】这里考查的是＂为……感到骄傲＂的表达。在英语中，＂为……感到骄傲＂可表达为：be proud of。由于这里主语为非第三人称单数，故译为：are proud of。

3. your pronunciation【解析】根据语境并结合汉语提示可知，这里考查的是＂你的发音＂的表达，即形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故译为：your pronunciation。

4. was made of wood【解析】根据语境并结合汉语提示可知，这里考查的是＂由……制成的＂的表达。在英语中，＂由……制成的＂为固定短语，应表达为：be made of。这里时态可用一般过去时，故译为：was made of wood。

5. belong to Mary【解析】根据语境并结合汉语提示可知，这里考查的是＂属于某人的＂的表达。在英语中，＂属于某人的＂应表达为：belong to sb.。故译为：belong to Mary。

（二）

1. do；homework【解析】句意：我们应该独立完成作业。考查固定短语：do one’s homework写作业。故填：do；homework。

2. keeping down【解析】句意：你介意在公共场合压低你的声音吗？would you mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep down one’s voice保持压低声音。故填：keeping down。

3. depend on【解析】句意：你所使用的表达方式取决于你的说话对象或者你跟他们的熟悉程度。depend on依靠。故填：depend on。

4. allowed；gradually【解析】句意：我国政府已经逐步允许一些家庭拥有第二个孩子。allow允许，同时时态为现在完成时，因此用allowed；gradually逐步地。故填：allowed；gradually。

5. be provided【解析】句意：中国电信将会为它的客户提供4G服务。考查被动语态的用法，通过句意体现为将来时的被动词态，其构成形式：will + be +done(动词的过去分词)，provide提供，故填：be provided。

（三）

1. take pride in/ are proud of 【解析】take pride in/ are proud of 为……感到骄傲。结合语境可知本句描述的是客观性的动作，故用一般现在时态，主语we是第一人称复数，故谓语动词用原形。

2. is, good【解析】动名词作主语表示抽象动作，谓语动词用单数，结合语境可知前一空用系动词is，后一空用形容词good，作表语。

3. supporting actor【解析】supporting actor最佳男配角。

4. will be built 【解析】结合语境可知本句描述的是将来发生的动作，故用一般将来时态。句子主语是动作对象，故用被动语态，故填will be built。

（四）

1. take；care【解析】take good care of好好照顾，所以填 take care。

2. deal with【解析】deal with处理。

3. complain；communicate【解析】complain抱怨，communicate交流。

4. are looked【解析】根据汉语提示此题应用被动语态，所以填are looked。

5. stop；from【解析】stop ...from...阻止……做……。

【真题再现】

（一）

31. silently    32. Asian    33. anybody    34. treats    35. pay for

（二）

31. season

【解析】句意：春天和秋天你更喜欢哪个季节？结合句意可知选择season，春天、秋天都是其中的一个季节，因此答案为名词的单数形式season。

32. Canadian

【解析】句意：我们的新英语老师来自一个加拿大小镇。结合句意，根据所给单词选择Canada，形容词修饰名词town，故答案为Canada的形容词Canadian。

33. ours

【解析】句意：令所有人惊讶的是，他们的计划听起来和我们的相似。比较的对象是他们的计划与我们的计划相比，为了避免与前面名词的重复，此处用名词性物主代词ours代替our plan。

34. throw away

【解析】句意：在我们扔掉垃圾之前，通常把垃圾分成不同的组。结合句意可知，选择动词词组throw away，before引导的时间状语从句可以用一般现在时表示将来，主语是we，谓语动词要用动词原形，故答案为throw away。

35. influence

【解析】句意：父母应该知道，他们经常在很多方面影响着他们的孩子。宾语从句缺少谓语动词，根据often判断，经常性的动作用一般现在时态，从句的主语为they，故动词用原形influence。

（三）

36. F    37. A    38. C    39. D    40. E    41. B

（四）

46. eaten    47. weight    48. dialogue/dialog    49. prettier    50. actually   

51. laugh    52. medicine(s)    53. June    54. twentieth    55. minutes

（五）

41. Children    42. rainy    43. since    44. were planted    45. above

（六）

36. share    37. softer    38. August    39. praised    40. traditional   

41. lies/is    42. passports    43. unless    44. seldom    45. recycled

【模拟检测】

（一）

1. forty  2. August   3. herself   4. scared   5. below

6. though  7. kitchen   8. ancient   9. yet   10. flew

（二）

1. mistakes 2. found   3. except   4. clearly   5. safety

6. unless  7. depend   8. himself   9. bored   10. twelfth

（三）

1. disappointed 2. zero  3. is served  4. exactly   5. yourselves

（四）

1. ninth          2. shelves  3. noisy   4. except   5. completely

（五）

1. abroad

2. the most humorous

3. to warn

4. centuries

5. fifth

（六）

1. C   2. E   3. A   4. F   5. D   6. B

（七）

1. whether

2. either

3. is offered/will be offered

4. chances

5. plenty