考点13 动词的语态-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过（浙江专版） 试卷

考点十三 动词的语态

命题趋势：
动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。
中考考查重点：
1. 被动语态的句型；
2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；
3. 被动语态的用法；
4. 主动语态变被动语态；
5. 主动形式表示被动意义。
被动语态
考向一：被动语态的句型
句型
构成
例句
肯定句
主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... )
English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。
否定句
主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…)
English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。
一般疑问句
Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)?
—Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?
—Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)?
Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?
考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他
History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。
These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时
主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他
The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。
The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时
主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他
Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。
When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？
现在进行时
主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他
A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。
Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时
主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他
The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。
The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。
现在完成时
主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他
He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。
Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？
过去完成时
主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他
The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。
A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词
主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他
Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。
If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。
考向三：被动语态的用法
用法
例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者
How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？
The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者
School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时
He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者
I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要
The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态
He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。
It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
考向四：主动语态变被动语态
说明
例句
含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。
The famous professor gave two lectures in English.
→Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English.
那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。
They often ask some questions after class.
→Some questions are often asked (by them) after class.
他们经常在课后问一些问题。
含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。
The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.
→I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.
→Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.
老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。
含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。
We call him Li Hua.
→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。
They painted the room white.
→The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。
【易错警示】
感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。
They saw her enter the meeting room just now.
→She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。
含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。
They take good care of these children.
→These children are taken good care of.
他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。
We should make full use of the good chance.
→The good chance should be made full use of.
我们应该充分利用这次好机会。
【易错警示】
动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。
考向五：主动形式表示被动意义
情况
例句
说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。
The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.
A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。
表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。
This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。
Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。
The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。
Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
【知识拓展】
常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：
be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路
be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着

被动语态记忆口诀
被动语态强调＂宾＂，用 be加上＂过去分＂。
＂be＂要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。
＂行为对象＂作主语，逻辑主语＂by＂来引。
原句若是双宾语，一变＂主＂来一保＂宾＂。
＂间宾＂要把主语变，原来＂直宾＂还是＂宾＂。
＂直宾＂要把主语变，＂间宾＂前加＂to＂最称心。
唯有原＂宾＂是＂复合＂，只有变宾要当心。
原句＂宾补＂变＂主补＂，位置不必挪寸分。
情态动词变＂被动＂，情态加be加过分。
如若＂情态＂后带to，变后有to才弄准。
＂短语动词＂变＂被动＂，相当＂及物＂莫疑心。
不过其后＂介＂或＂副＂，变后还得要承认。

一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面哦)
1. It’ s said(据说) that the long bridge ______________（build）in two months.
2. Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now.
3. Which language ______________ the most widely ______________（speak）in the world?
4. The lost boy ______________（not find）so far.
5. Last year a large number of trees ______________（cut）down.
6. The students ______________ often ______________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He ______________ (must send) to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits ______________ (sell) in this shop.
9. —What ______________ knives ______________ (make) of ?
—They ______________ (make) of metal(金属) and wood.
10. Can the magazine ______________ (take) out of the library?
11. The room ______________ (clean) by me every day.
12. The stars can’ t ______________ (see) in the daytime.
13. Some flowers ______________ (water) by Li Ming already.
14. This kind of shoes ______________ (sell) well.
15. How long ______________ your uncle ______________ (be) in the city?
16. The food ______________ (smell) delicious.
二、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。
1. Is tea grown in South China?（改为主动语态）
______________ people ______________ tea in South China?
2. I am given a birthday present by my parents every year. （同义句转换）
A birthday present ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ by my parents every year.
3. The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)
How ______________ ______________ the work going to be finished?
4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song ______________ ______________ ______________ by the children.
5. You needn’ t do it now. (改为被动语态)
It ______________ ______________ ______________ by you now.
6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)
Metal ______________ ______________ ______________making machines.
7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)
I ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________that for him.
8. They are watching the football match.
The football match ______________ ______________ ______________ by them.
9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)
______________ a bridge ______________ here by them a year ago?
10. They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)
The light green dresses ______________ ______________ ______________ out.
11. We call the game ＂Lianliankan＂. (改为被动语态)
The game ______________ ______________ ＂Lianliankan＂ by us.
三、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。
①The new bike ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week.
②______________ your mobile phone ______________ ______________ ______________（是国产的吗）?
③The whole mountain is ______________ ______________ (覆盖) the snow.
四、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。
①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight. ____________
②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class? ____________
③Lei Feng’ s name remembered by all Chinese people. ____________
④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________
⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed? _____________

1. （2019 •湖北省宜昌市）—It’s reported that 31 of the brave young men in a big forest fire in Sichuan.
—I don’t know who they are, but I know who they are for.
A. were killing B. were killed C. killed D. had killed
2.（2019 •湖南长沙）— Perfect photos! Good skills!
—Thank you. They by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all.
A. took B. were taken C. will be taken
3.（2019 •湖南省岳阳市）It’s reported that Notre-Dame de Paris（巴黎圣母院） in April 2019.
A. was burnt B. is burnt C. be burnt
4.（2019 •四川省眉山市）Paper first about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun.
A. is; inventing B. is; invented
C. has; invented D. was; invented
5.（2019 •湖北省咸宁市）— The passenger refused to move after taking another one’s seat!
—What a shame! He according to the new credit system(诚信体系).
A. punish B. punished
C. will punish D. will be punished
6. （2018 • 安徽中考）The weatherman says a rain shower __________ this afternoon in the south.
A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected
7. （2018 • 河北中考）Look at the picture. The top five TV plays __________ in it.
A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed
8. （2018 • 恩施州中考）If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you __________ by your boss.
A. will fire B. are fired C. will be fired
9. （2018 • 湖南郴州中考）—Do you know when and where the 24 Winter Olympic Games __________?
—In Beijing and Zhangjiakou, in 2022.
A. is held B. will be held C. will hold
10. （2018 • 徐州中考）The latest mobile phone __________ in China.
A. will make B. has made C. is making D. is made

1. （广东省东莞市智升学校2019届第一学期第三次月考）Students __________ to read the text carefully before they answered the questions.
A. ask B. asked C. are asked D. were asked
2. （福建省厦门双十中学2018届初三第二次模拟考试）—Excuse me, when can we play basketball on the playground?
—Not until the playground __________ next week.
A. will repair B. will be repaired C. is repaired
3. （安徽省马鞍山市2018届九年级第二学期二模）Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge __________ already. However, we don’t know what time it will be open to traffic.
A. is built B. was built C. will be built D. has been built
4. （安徽著名重点中学2018届九年级领航中考冲刺试卷）—I can’t hear any sound in Tony’s room. Is he in?
—Oh, I forget to tell you. He __________ to attend his friend’s birthday party two hours ago.
A. has invited B. was invited C. will be invited D. has been invited
5. （2018河北邯郸市中考英语第一次模拟）Animals __________ as our good friends because they help us a lot.
A. treat B. are treated C. treated D. were treated
6. （2018届上海市黄浦区中考英语二模）It is reported that the ticket prices for key tourist sites in our country __________ soon.
A. have reduced B. were reduced C. have reduced D. will be reduced
7. （宁夏银川市第二中学（北塔中学）2018届九年级下学期模拟）Paper __________ by Cai Lun in China about 2000 years ago.
A. can be invented B. is invented C. will be invented D. was invented
8. （天津市东丽区2018届九年级中考第二次模拟）—Look! The tree is growing well. When __________?
—Three years ago.
A. will it be planted B. did it plant C. was it planted D. is it planted
9. （河南省信阳市第九中学2018届九年级下学期最后一次模拟）The 24th Winter Olympic Games __________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th.
A. is going to hold B. hold C. will be held D. is held
10. （福建省龙岩市2018适应性练习）—Li Hong, football __________ to our school subjects next term.
—Great! It’s my favorite. I can’t wait.
A. was added B. is added C. will be added

【跟踪训练】
一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面哦)
1. will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn’ t been found
5. were cut 6. are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold
9. are made , are made 10. be taken 11. is cleaned 12. be seen
13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells
二、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。
1. Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung
5. needn’t be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched
9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called
三、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。
① was bought for me ② Is made in China ③ covered with
四、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。
①be done改为 do ② listened改为 listened to ③ remembered 改为 was remembered
④ is sounded 改为sounds ⑤By who 改为 By whom
【真题再现】
1. B【解析】句意：——据报道，31名勇敢的年轻人在四川的一场森林大火中丧生。——我不知道他们是谁，但我知道他们是为了谁。考查动词语态辨析。31 of the brave young men是复数人称，是动词kill的受动者，需用“be +过去分词”被动语态结构；根据句意结构，可知选B。
2. B【解析】句意：好漂亮的照片！技术真棒！——谢谢。它们是用我的华为手机拍摄的。事实上，我一点也不熟练。A. took一般过去时的主动语态；B. were taken一般过去时的被动语态；C. will be taken一般将来时的被动语态。They代指Perfect photos，与动词take之间是被动的关系，排除A；这些照片已经拍摄完毕，是在过去拍摄的，故用一般过去时态，答案为B。
3. A【解析】主语 Notre-Dame de Paris和谓语"烧毁"是被动关系，再根据句意"据报道巴黎圣母院于2019年4月被烧毁"可知，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was/ were done，故选：A。
4. D【解析】句意：在中国大约两千年前，纸最开始被蔡伦发明。考查时态语态。A.现在进行时；B.一般现在时的被动语态；C.现在完成时；D.一般过去时的被动语态。主语paper与谓语invent之间为被动be done，排除A和C；且根据two thousand years ago可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。
5. D【解析】句意：——乘客坐了另一个乘客的座位后拒绝调动！ ——他的行为太羞耻了！根据新的信用规则，他将受到惩罚。A为动词原形；B为过去式；C为一般将来时；D. 为一般将来时的被动语态。结合语境可知，主语He和punish之间存在着被动关系，因此应该用被动语态；再者，乘客坐了另一个乘客的座位后拒绝调动！该乘客是将要接受惩罚的，因此时态为一般将来时，综合分析可知，本题应该用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
6. C【解析】句意：天气预报员说今天下午在南方有望下阵雨。根据 a rain shower和 expect之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，排除A/B；根据this afternoon 可知是一般现在时态；故选C。
7. B【解析】句意：看这幅画。前五名的电视剧都在里面。考查被动语态。根据语境得知The top five TV plays与list之间存在被动关系；由Look at the picture得知是一般现在时，因此为一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
8. C【解析】句意：如果你在厨房里被抓到吸烟，你就会被老板开除。你只能＂被开除＂，所以需要使用被动语态be done，如果主句是将来时，那么if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，这是主将从现的用法，本题中从句是说如果被抓到抽烟的话，用了一般现在时，那么主句用一般将来时，表示＂你将会被开除＂，所以用一把将来时的被动语态，will be done，故选C。
9. B【解析】句意：——你知道24届冬奥会什么时候在哪里举行吗？——2022年在北京和张家口。根据the 24 Winter Olympic Games和hold之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据in 2022.可知是将来时态；故选B。
10. D【解析】句意：最新的手机是在中国制造的。will make将会制造，一般将来时态；has made现在完成时态；is making现在进行时态；is made一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，这句话的主语The latest mobile phone与谓语动词make之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态，选项中只有D是被动形式，所以选D。
【模拟检测】
1. D【解析】句意：学生们被要求在回答问题之前仔细阅读课文。考查一般过去时的被动语态。A. ask 动词原形；B. asked动词过去式；C. are asked一般现在时的被动语态；D. were asked一般过去时的被动语态。根据题干可知主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，即学生们是被要求去仔细阅读课文，所以应用被动语态，故排除A、B选项；由句中的answered可知是一般过去时态，所以排除C选项；故选D。
2. C【解析】句意：——对不起，我们什么时候可以在操场上打篮球？——直到下周操场修好。will repair 将会修理；will be repaired 将会被修理；is repaired 被修理。这里until引导的是时间状语从句，需要遵循“主将从现”原则，本句主句已省略，从句使用一般现在时is repaired“被修理”，故选C。
3. D【解析】句意：香港——珠海——澳门大桥已经被建成了。然而，我们不知道它将在什么时候开始通车。根据already可知此处用现在完成时，故选D。
4. B【解析】句意：——在Tony的房间我听不到任何声音，他在里面吗？——哦，我忘了告诉你，他两个小时之前被邀请参加朋友的生日聚会了。has invited现在完成时，邀请；was invited一般过去时的被动语态；will be invited一般将来时的被动语态；has been invited现在完成时的被动语态。根据句中的时间状语two hours ago可知，这里说的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时态，排除A和D。句子的主语He与动词构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故选B。
5. B【解析】句意：动物被当作我们的好朋友来对待，因为他们能帮助我们很多。treat对待，动词原形；are treated一般现在时的被动语态；treated对待，过去式；were treated一般过去时的被动语态。根据句中because they help us a lot可知，这句话用的是一般现在时态，排除C和D；根据句意可知，主语Animals和动词treat构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故应选B。
6. D【解析】句意：据报道我们国家主要旅游景点的票价很快就降下来。主语the ticket prices和reduce之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据soon可知用将来时态；故选D。
7. D【解析】句意：2000年前蔡伦发明了纸。根据 about 2000 years ago可知是过去时态；故选D.
8. C【解析】句意：看，这棵树长得很好，它是什么时候被种上的。主语是it 指的是树，和plant 之间有被动关系，所以要用被动语态，be + 过去分词，又因植树发生在过去，所以一般过去时的被动语态，was planted 故选C。
9. C【解析】句意：第24届冬奥会将于2022年2月4日至20日在北京和张家口举行。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由句中的in 2022可知时态用一般将来时，分析题干可知本句的主语The 24th Winter Olympic Games是动作hold的承受者，所以应用被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态构成为：主语+will be+动词过去分词，hold的过去分词是held，故选C。
10. C【解析】句意：——李红，下个学期足球就会增加成为我们的学校学科了。——太好了！这是我最喜欢的学科，我已经迫不及待了。根据next term可知，用一般将来时，且主语football与add之间为被动，故选C。