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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language精品单元测试一课一练
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language精品单元测试一课一练，共21页。
人教版英语选择性必修第一册第四章测试
英语
姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
“I miss you. Let’s meet up soon?” These are the words which appear in my inbox and outbox almost every week. I miss my friends and they miss me. But many of them are dotted (散布于) around the country. I can’t see them as much as I’d like.
I have friends living in Telford, Wolverhampton and Birmingham. Some friends have moved abroad. I’ve also got some wonderful pals in London, where I live now.
But, unlike many of my peers. I don’t have one big group I can meet in one place at a time. It means a large part of my life is spent visiting my friends separately. And if I don’t do it right, it can be bloody exhausting.
Don’t get me wrong. I will always make time for these visits and I never regret them. They are my friends and worth every penny and effort. But life is busy — you have friends, family, a job, a partner, and pets. Each requires their own time slots (时间档) and individual levels of attention. So I’d be a big liar if I didn’t admit I’ve striven to get the balance right over the years. To avoid what I call “long-distance friendship burnout”, I try to arrange one weekend a month to meet a friend. When it comes to playing guest or host, it’s nice to take turns.
I’ve had weekends in the past where I’ve tried to arrange many friend visits in one trip. But that’s exhausting. And I didn’t feel present enough for my friends as I was thinking about what time I had to leave to see the next person, so now it’s all about one friend at a time.
Obviously it means seeing them less often, but at the same time I get to spend more time with them when I do.
Long-distance friendships can be tough. But they are also beautiful and 100% worth all the trouble.
1．What is the author’s trouble?
A．She has no friends in her city.
B．She can’t get in touch with some of her friends.
C．She has many friends living far away in different places.
D．She is tired of keeping cross-national friendships.
2．What does the underlined word “striven” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Begged. B．Stopped. C．Decided. D．Struggled.
3．What’s the advantage of the author’s new way to meet friends?
A．It makes her friends miss her even more.
B．It allows her to focus on one friend at a time.
C．It helps save her friends a lot of travel expenses.
D．It lets her discover the beauty of long-distance friendship.
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Experience in keeping up long-distance friendship.
B．A couple of wonderful places to live.
C．The importance of time management in daily life.
D．Useful tips on emailing friends.
Body language or, as it is also known, nonverbal communication, is about all the things that people say and do without using words. Research suggests that more than 70% of communication occurs without people having to say a single word.
Like language, the way we communicate nonverbally varies across cultures. But, unlike language, it can be very difficult to find out what the nonverbal rules are.
It’s very well-known that there are differences in the ways that cultures work, but what can you do to try to prepare yourself for living and surviving in another culture?
I think you’ve got two things to think about. I personally don’t fully accept the idea of “When in Rome, do as the Romans do. ” I don’t think people expect you to completely adopt all of the things that they do. What I think people would like is that you agree and understand it and that you do your best.
One of the things you can do is actually to explain to the other culture, saying, “Well, you know, actually we don’t normally kiss in my culture, so it’s a bit uncomfortable.” But then do your best, so it’s a learning process.
Well, kissing is just one of many different ways of interaction that you need to know. You can get into difficult or embarrassing or even worse situations if you don’t know it. Eye contact, tone of voice, how close you stand, any touching, how many times you kiss, a long handshake, a short handshake, it can go on and on. So I think, yes, you do need to get these correct and you need to have good observation skills.
5．From the passage, it can be inferred that ________.
A．only grownups have body language
B．body language can be understood by all the people all the time
C．only the same body language has the same meaning all over the world
D．body language varies from culture to culture
6．The passage is mainly to tell readers ________.
A．body language is important
B．to find out the rules of body language
C．when in Rome, do as the Romans do
D．to learn good observation skills
7．According to the author, we know that ________.
A．to learn body language, you should watch people and observe what they do
B．to learn a language, you should prepare yourself for living in another culture
C．when you learn a language, you must know the differences of different cultures
D．to know body language, you should adopt all that other cultures do
My wife and I moved into our home nine years ago. We have a yard a “rock garden”. There the rocks appear to be just thrown up onto the dirt as if someone were in a hurry to finish. Very often when we have more flowers, Denise or I would plant them between the rocks, just to bring some color to the area.
Last summer I found, in the rock garden, a tiny little plant that I could not immediately recognize. I knew I didn’t plant it and Denise said she didn’t either. We decided to let it continue growing until we could find out what it was.
Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the strange plant, it appeared to be a sunflower. It looked thin and tall with only one head on it. I decided to baby it along and weed (除草) around it. As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something unusual. The sunflower had not started where I saw it begin. It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to reach the sun.
If a tiny little sunflower didn’t let a big rock stand in its way of developing, we too have the ability to do the same thing. If we believe in ourselves like that little sunflower, we can reach where we aim to go and get what we need for growth.
We need to believe in ourselves knowing we have the ability to achieve our goals. Like the sunflower, it knew it had the ability to get over the rocks because it had faith in itself that it would succeed. Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud of who and what we are, then other things will begin to support us. We will find a way to go under or around any “rocks” in order to realize our goals.
8．The family planted flowers in the yard ________.
A．to attract visitors B．to remove the rocks
C．to please their neighbors D．to make the area colorful
9．The author let the tiny plant continue growing ________ .
A．to see how long it could live B．to see how big it could grow
C．to find out what it actually was D．to know if his wife had planted it
10．The author think the sunflower was unusual because ________.
A．it was very thin and tall B．it had only one head on it
C．it grew on top of a big rock D．it began to grow under a rock
11．We can conclude from the passage that ________.
A．rocks cannot prevent us from success
B．we can get over difficulties if we trust ourselves
C．we should take good care of the rock gardens
D．sunflowers are able to grow everywhere
12．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．Stand Tall Like the Sunflower B．The Sunflower and My Family
C．Being Proud of the Sunflower D．The Secret of the Sunflower
二、七选五
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. ____13____Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (认知偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.
To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. ____14____ In a quiz about US citizens, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did — even when their answers were wrong.
So what is behind “jumping”? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. ____15____
It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusion made at first sight without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
____16____ A method called cognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are faced with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to gradually get rid of participants’ overconfidence.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead jump to a conclusion is a frequent and important one. ____17____ Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
A．Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.
B．Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.
C．We plan to trace other problems introduced by jumping.
D．But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.
E．It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.
F．The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.
G．Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.
三、完形填空
A stand-up comedian is, supposed to be, a fluent communicator who is also good at using body language to ____18____ jokes.
However, for 27-year-old comedian Zhang Jiaxin, it takes a great effort to ____19____ pronounce the sounds of each character and sentence and be ____20____ on the stage. At birth, the oxygen ____21____ to his brain was curtailed (限制，削减), which ____22____ later problems with speaking and walking. The other long-term impairment is the loss of full use of his right hand.
It was two years ago when Zhang first performed stand-up comed yon the stage. At the time, he worked for the new media operation department of a company ____23____ in Xiamen, Fujian province, and had to prepare for a performance at the company’s year-end party.
He didn’t know much about stand-up performance. ____24____, as someone who likes to watch and be amused by entertainment shows from a very young age, he decided to give a humorous monologue at the party to amuse and ____25____ his colleagues.
It opened Zhang’s door to a colorful world of stand-up comedy.
He started to pay attention to the stand-up comedy live shows in Xiamen and got the ____26____ of a woman who worked at a local stand-up club.
“She sent me some videos of Drew Lynch (an American stand-up comic who developed a(an)_____27_____ stutter (结巴) due to a sports injury earlier in his life) and told me that my defects are what make my appeal special,” he says. “That _____28_____ me to have a go.”
After he read through a manual for writing and performing stand-up comedy, he started to _____29_____his daily life to identify humorous _____30_____ that could be used as jumping-off points to launch into stories.
Once he walked onto the stage, the audience _____31_____ noticed his differences.
“_____32_____, they were kind of walking on eggshells to spare my feelings. As I gradually opened myself to them, the atmosphere turned to be relaxing,” he says.
Wows and claps resounded. His jokes went down well as he worked the room with his humor.
18．A．appoint B．accompany C．play D．accomplish
19．A．likely B．especially C．necessarily D．clearly
20．A．special B．significant C．flexible D．obvious
21．A．supply B．turn C．addition D．reserve
22．A．applied to B．led to C．lived up to D．held on to
23．A．based B．settled C．discovered D．explored
24．A．Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Moreover
25．A．amaze B．entertain C．experiment D．greet
26．A．contract B．concept C．conduct D．contact
27．A．artificial B．little C．permanent D．consequent
28．A．attracted B．instructed C．inspected D．inspired
29．A．examine B．select C．consider D．expect
30．A．facts B．insights C．moments D．opinions
31．A．frequently B．immediately C．subsequently D．literally
32．A．Initially B．Finally C．Completely D．Precisely
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yesterday, as I approached the front door of our public library, a white-haired gentleman stepped back to hold the door for me. With a walking stick ___33___(hold) in my hand, it is not strange for folks to do so. However, I told the gentleman that the door had an automatic opener, and that it can open by ___34___(it). He said, “I ___35___(think) I would have an opportunity to be helpful.” On hearing that, I backed up, let the door close, and allowed him to reopen the door, not ___36___(use) the automatic control this time. That act of kindness brightened not only my day, but ___37___ my delight, also the day of that white-haired senior citizen.
Holding the door open is a polite and thoughtful act, which can bring ___38___ (warm) to others. ___39___ you are at home or at work, open the door for others and those around you will thank you. They’ll certainly appreciate your good manners, ___40___will comfort people.
Never hesitate to offer kindness. A small act of kindness brings an ___41___(expect) result. Keep in mind that a small deed makes ____42____ big difference.
五、根据首字母填写单词
43．This is not to suggest that there is no need for you to study in school but to acknowledge that r_________ your knowledge through lifelong learning is both essential and beneficial. (根据首字母单词拼写)
44．Police have appealed to anyone who w________ the incident to contact them. （根据首字母单词拼写）
45．As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers p______ by the advances in AI. （根据首字母单词拼写）
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
46．Local residents have __________________(对……起反应) angrily to the news. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
47．Beethoven ___________ (创作) a large amount of very famous music. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48．Before going into their meeting, the six foreign ministers ________(摆好姿势) for photographs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
49．I am beginning to feel e________(尴尬的)by my complete ignorance of world history. （根据中英文提示填空）
50．In Japan, someone who w_______(目击) another person employing the gesture might think it means money. (根据中英文提示填空)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
51．I am afraid you are ______________________（有点儿喝醉）. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
52．It immediately ________ (她立刻想到) that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53．The doctors and nurses ____________________(冒着被感染这种致命疾病的风险，risk) to save these refugees. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、句型转换
54．I’ll tell Jack the good news as soon as I see him. （同义句转换）
→ __________ Jack, I’ll tell him the good news.
55．The children found some paintings in the cave. （使用强调句对划线部分强调）
十、汉译英（整句）
56．他总把妻子的付出视为理所当然，这一直是他家庭矛盾的导火索。(grant) （汉译英）
57．写信是和朋友保持联系的最佳方式。（stay in touch with）
58．罗丝的到来不会起到很大的作用。（汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
59．一则日记 _________
60．在宇宙飞行器上 _________
61．没有重力 ________
62．上上下下 _________
63．在天花板上 __________
64．听起来很有趣 _________
65．被绑在…… ________
66．睡眠舱 _________
67．自我约束 ________
68．真空吸尘器 _________
69．空气过滤器 _________
70．派上用场 ________
十二、完成句子
71．他忧心忡忡地等待着有关该事故的更多消息。
He waited _________ for more news about the accident.
72．I’m________ worried that she’ll get lost on the way.
我有点担心她会迷路。
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者维系远程友谊的烦恼以及自己想到的解决办法。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I miss my friends and they miss me. But many of them are dotted (散布于) around the country.(我想念我的朋友，他们也想念我。但他们中的许多人分布在全国各地)”可推知，作者的烦恼是她有很多朋友住得很远，而且散布在不同的地方。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“But life is busy — you have friends, family, a job, a partner, and pets. Each requires their own time slots (时间档) and individual levels of attention.(但是生活是忙碌的——你有朋友、家庭、工作、伴侣和宠物。每个都需要自己的时间和注意力水平)”及“To avoid what I call “long-distance friendship burnout”, I try to arrange one weekend a month to meet a friend.(为了避免我所说的“异地友谊倦怠”，我尽量每个月安排一个周末和朋友见面)”可知，作者一直在努力平衡拜访朋友和其他事务之间的关系。由此可知，划线词所在句So I’d be a big liar if I didn’t admit I’ve striven to get the balance right over the years.意为“所以，如果我不承认多年来我一直在努力保持平衡，那我就是个大骗子”。由此推知，划线词striven与struggled意思接近。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Obviously it means seeing them less often, but at the same time I get to spend more time with them when I do.(显然，这意味着见到他们的次数会减少，但同时我也会花更多的时间和他们在一起)”可知，作者这种会见朋友的新方式可以让她一次只关注一个朋友，能够花更多的时间和朋友在一起。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“I miss my friends and they miss me. But many of them are dotted (散布于) around the country.(我想念我的朋友，他们也想念我。但他们中的许多人分布在全国各地)”及下文对作者的经历描述可知，文章主要讲述了作者维系远程友谊的烦恼以及自己想到的解决办法，即保持异地友谊的经验。故选A。
5．D 6．B 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了肢体语言，或者也称为非语言交流，是关于人们在不使用文字的情况下所说和所做的所有事情，并阐述了身体语言的规则。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Body language or, as it is also known, nonverbal communication, is about all the things that people say and do without using words.(肢体语言，也被称为非语言沟通，是指人们不用语言就能说的和做的所有事情。)”和第二段中“Like language, the way we communicate nonverbally varies across cultures.(就像语言一样，我们非语言交流的方式也因文化而异。)”可推知，肢体语言（也就是非语言交流）因文化而异。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段“But, unlike language, it can be very difficult to find out what the nonverbal rules are.(但是，与语言不同的是，要找出非语言规则是非常困难的。)”，第三段“It’s very well-known that there are differences in the ways that cultures work, but what can you do to try to prepare yourself for living and surviving in another culture?(众所周知，不同文化的运作方式是不同的，但是你能做些什么来为自己在另一种文化中生活和生存做好准备呢？)”以及下文内容可知，这篇文章主要是告诉读者发现肢体语言的规则。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So I think, yes, you do need to get these correct and you need to have good observation skills.(所以我认为，是的，你需要把这些做对，你需要有良好的观察技巧。)”可知，要学习肢体语言，需要具有观察技巧，你应该观察人们，观察他们做了什么。故选A。
8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文作者叙述了自己偶然发现一株向日葵从岩石中顽强生长出来的过程，阐述了我们只要像向日葵那样，具备不畏艰难、顽强生长的精神，就一定能够克服困难，获得成功。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Very often when we have more flowers, Denise or I would plant them between the rocks, just to bring some color to the area (很多时候，当我们有更多的花，丹尼斯或我会把它们种在岩石之间，只是为了给这个地区带来一些颜色。)”可知，这家人在院子里面种花是为了给院子增添颜色，使院子更漂亮。因此，这家人在院子里种花是D项“to make the area colorful(使该区域多姿多彩)”符合题意，故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“We decided to let it continue growing until we could find out what it was. (我们决定让它继续生长，直到我们发现它是什么)”可知，作者在岩石花园里发现了一株认不出来的小植物，他打算让它继续生长，为了看看它是什么植物。因此，作者让这株小植物继续生长是C项“to find out what it actually was(找出它到底是什么)”符合题意，故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something unusual. The sunflower had not started where I saw it begin. It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to reach the sun. (向日葵并没有从我看到的地方开始生长。它实际上是在一块大岩石下开始生长的，在岩石下面和周围生长，直到到达太阳)”可知，向日葵实际上是在一块大岩石下开始生长的，其生命力很顽强，这是不寻常的。因此，作者认为向日葵是不寻常的，因为是D项“it began to grow under a rock (它开始在岩石下生长)”符合题意，故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段的“If a tiny little sunflower didn’t let a big rock stand in its way of developing, we too have the ability to do the same thing. If we believe in ourselves like that little sunflower, we can reach where we aim to go and get what we need for growth. (如果一颗小小的向日葵不让一块大石头阻挡它的发展，我们也有能力做同样的事情。如果我们像向日葵一样相信自己，我们就能达到我们的目标，获得我们成长所需的东西)”可知，作者认为，只要我们像向日葵那样，具备不畏艰难，顽强生长的精神，就一定能够克服困难，获得成功。因此，从这篇文章中我们可以得出结论是B项“we can get over difficulties if we trust ourselves(如果我们相信自己，我们就能克服困难)”符合题意，故选B项。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Like the sunflower, it knew it had the ability to get over the rocks because it had faith in itself that it would succeed. Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud of who and what we are, then other things will begin to support us.(就像向日葵一样，它知道自己有能力越过岩石，因为它相信自己会成功。像向日葵一样昂首挺胸，为我们是谁和我们是什么感到骄傲，然后其他的东西就会开始支持我们)”可知，作者将向日葵拟人化，形象地阐述了只要我们像向日葵那样，具备不畏艰难，顽强生长的精神，就一定能够克服困难，获得成功。因此，这篇文章的最佳标题是A项“Stand Tall Like the Sunflower(像向日葵一样高高站立)”符合题意，故选A项。
13．D 14．B 15．F 16．A 17．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。但一种叫元认知训练的方法可以帮助那些急于得出结论的人。
13．根据上文“How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice.(你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做出选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节)”结合下文提到了jumper“急于得出结论的人”可知，呼应上文仔细考虑每一个细节的人，空处应提出另一种人——急于得出结论的人。D项“但相当一部分人很快就会得出结论”符合题意，与上文内容形成对比。故选D。
14．根据上文“We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis.(我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多)”和下文“In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did—even when their answers were wrong.(在一次关于美国公民的测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率——即使他们的答案是错误的)”推知，急于得出结论的人不仅容易犯错，而且过于自信，即使在答案是错误的情况下还高估答案正确的几率。B项“此外，急于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题”符合题意，呈上启下。故选B。
15．空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. (自动系统，反映容易、自发且无需努力就能进入大脑的想法，以及控制系统，包括有意识和轻松的推理。急于得出结论的人和仔细思考者同样受到自动思维的影响)”可知，两类人都受到自动思维的影响。但因为是两种不同的人，因此他们在受影响的程度，或思维模式方面可能有所不同。F项“然而，急于得出结论的人并没有像仔细思考者那样进行控制推理”符合题意，承接上文，指出了他们的不同之处。故选F。
16．空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文“A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence.(一种叫做元认知训练的方法可以用来针对他们的偏见，这可以帮助人们更慎重地思考。在这个培训中，参与者要面对自己的偏见。他们可以学习到错误的地方和思考问题的其他方法。它有助于消除参与者的过度自信)”可知，有方法帮助急于得出结论的人克服他们的问题，消除过度自信。A项“幸运的是，急于得出结论者可能还有一些希望”符合题意。故选A。
17．根据上文“In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one.(在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是按照直觉行事，这是一个常见而重要的问题)”和下文“Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.(有时候，我们做出的最重要决定可能要做出选择之前多花些时间)”可知，相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。G项“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一点更多的证据，也可以帮助我们避免重大错误”符合题意。故选G。
18．B 19．D 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是27岁喜剧演员张佳信，虽然身患疾病，但通过努力在事业上取得成功的故事。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个单口喜剧演员是该能够流畅地讲笑话的同时伴随着使用肢体语言来表演。A. appoint指定，任命，委派；B. accompany伴随，陪伴；C. play表演，玩耍；D. accomplish完成，实现。讲笑话和肢体表演是“相伴”同时发生的，B选项符合文意，故选B。
19．考查形容词、副词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于27岁的喜剧演员张佳信来说，把每一个字，每一句话都清晰地说出来，并在舞台上游刃有余，需要付出极大的努力才能完成。A. likely 可能的；B. especially尤其，特别；C. necessarily必要地；D. clearly清晰地，清楚地。从下文“... problems with speaking and walking”可知，张佳信说话方面有困难，说不“清楚”。故选D。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于27岁的喜剧演员张佳信来说，把每一个字，每一句话都清晰地说出来，并在舞台上游刃有余，需要付出极大的努力才能完成。A. special特殊的；B. significant意义重大的，重要的；C. flexible灵活的，柔韧的；D. obvious清晰的，明显的从下文“... problems with speaking and walking”可知，张佳信行走方面有困难，行不不“灵活”，故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他出生的时候，由于供给大脑的氧气减少，从而导致了以后语言和走路障碍的问题。A. supply供应，供给；B. turn 转向，转身；C. addition增加，添加；D. reserve储备。此处 “缺氧”，也就是“供氧不足”。故选A。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他出生的时候，由于供给大脑的氧气减少，从而导致了以后语言和走路障碍的问题。A. applied to应用；B. led to导致；C. lived up to满足；D. held on to留住，保存。“大脑缺氧”导致了“语言、行动障碍”，是因果关系，故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在一家总部位于福建厦门的公司中的新媒体运营部门工作。A. based以……为基础；B. settled定居；C. discovered发现；D. explored探索，勘察。总部位于福建厦门，也就是以福建厦门为基地，A符合文意，故选A。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于他从小就喜欢看娱乐节目，所以他决定在年终晚会上表演幽默独白来娱乐大众。A. Besides 此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Moreover此外，而且。根据前一句“He didn’t know much about stand-up performance”，可知，他并不太了解单口喜剧表演。根据后一句“as someone who likes to watch and be amused by entertainment shows from a very young age, he decided to give a humorous monologue at the party to amuse and 8 his colleagues. ”由于他从小就喜欢看娱乐节目，所以他决定在年终晚会上表演幽默独白来娱乐大众。设空的前后是转折关系，故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于他从小就喜欢看娱乐节目，所以他决定在年终晚会上表演幽默独白来娱乐大众。A. amaze使惊喜，惊讶；B. entertain使快乐；C. experiment试验；D. greet问候，打招呼。根据“give a humorous monologue”可知他表演幽默独白来使同事们高兴，故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他开始关注厦门的单口喜剧现场演出，并且得到了一位在当地单口喜剧俱乐部工作的女士的联系方式。A. contract合约，合同；B. concept概念；C. conduct品行；D. contact交往，联系。根据下文“She sent me some videos of Drew Lynch…”可知，她给他发了一些视频，故之前是取得了“联系”，故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位女士给了我一位美国单口喜剧演员（由于早年运动损伤，他落下了永久性结巴的毛病）的表演视频。A. artificial人工的，假的；B. little很少；C. permanent永久的，永恒的；D. 对了作为结果的，随之而来的。运动损伤带来了的结巴，没有治愈，是“永久性”的。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那促使我尝试一下。A. attracted吸引；B. instructed指导，指示；C. inspected检查，审查；D. inspired激励，激发。根据上文，这位女士给了我一位美国单口喜剧演员（由于早年运动损伤，他落下了永久性结巴的毛病）的表演视频，他深受启发，故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他看了单口喜剧的创作和表演的相关手册后，他开始审视自己的日常生活以便发现那些能被写到故事里的幽默瞬间。A. examine检查，审查；B. select挑拣，挑选；C. consider考虑，思考；D. expect期盼，预料。他要从生活中发掘可写到故事里的精彩瞬间，就要仔细观察（to look at it carefully），A选项符合词义，故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他看了单口喜剧的创作和表演的相关手册后，他开始审视自己的日常生活以便发现那些能被写到故事里的幽默瞬间。A. facts事实；B. insights洞察力，深刻见解；C. moments时刻，瞬间；D. opinions观点，看法。同上句分析，张佳信故事素材源于生活，他把自己生活中的“幽默瞬间”写到故事中，故选C。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一次，当他走上舞台，观众立刻注意到他的不同。A. frequently频繁地；B. immediately立刻，马上；C. subsequently随后；接着；D. literally字面地；确实地。根据上一句“be used as jumping-off points to launch into stories. ”，说明他的表演很吸引眼球，“立刻”引起了观众的注意。故选B。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们很小心地缓解我紧张的情绪。随着我逐渐放开自己，气氛开始变得轻松。A. Initially起初，开始；B. Finally最终；C. Completely完全地，彻底地；D. Precisely精确地，确切地。“我慢慢地变得放松”可推断设空处应该为“最初”，前后形成一个情绪上的变化，故选 A。
33．held 34．itself 35．thought 36．using 37．to 38．warmth 39．Whether 40．which 41．unexpected 42．a
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了别人主动为作者体贴地开门，让作者意识到一个小小的善举会带来意想不到的结果。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：我手里拿着拐杖，人们这样做并不奇怪。此处为with的复合结构，stick与hold是逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词，作宾补。故填held。
34．考查代词。句意：然而，我告诉这位先生，门有一个自动开门器，它可以自己打开。结合句意表示“它自己”，应用反身代词itself。by oneself表示“独自”。故填itself。
35．考查时态。句意：他说：“我想我会有机会帮忙的。”描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填thought。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：听到这个，我后退了一下，让门关上，让他重新打开门，这次不用自动控制。分析句子结构可知，use在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语I构成逻辑主谓关系，故用现在分词，作状语。故填using。
37．考查介词。句意：这一善举不仅照亮了我的一天，而且让我高兴的是，也照亮了那位白发老人的一天。结合句意表示“令某人高兴的是”可知，短语为to one’s delight。故填to。
38．考查名词。句意：开门是一种礼貌和体贴的行为，可以给别人带来温暖。作宾语，表示“温暖”应用名词warmth，不可数。故填warmth。
39．考查固定句型。句意：无论你是在家里还是在工作，为别人打开门，你周围的人都会感谢你。结合句意表示“无论是……还是……”，句型为whether…or…，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Whether。
40．考查定语从句。句意：他们肯定会欣赏你的礼貌，这将安慰人们。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
41．考查形容词。句意：一个小小的善举会带来意想不到的结果。修饰后文名词result，表示“意想不到的”，应用形容词unexpected，作定语。故填unexpected。
42．考查冠词。句意：记住，小的行动会产生大的不同。结合句意表示“产生大的不同”，短语为make a big difference。故填a。
43．refreshing##efreshing
【详解】考查动词。句意：这并不是说你没有必要在学校学习，而是承认通过终身学习来更新你的知识是必要的和有益的。结合首字母和句意可知，动词refresh“更新”符合题意，作主语，应用其动名词形式。故填refreshing。
44．witnessed##itnessed
【详解】考查动词。句意：警方呼吁目击者与他们联系。分析句子可知，此空应填从句的谓语动词，再根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填witness，表“见证”，且时态应用一般过去时。故填witnessed。
45．posed##osed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着我们越来越依赖电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能的进步带来的危险。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词为urge，故设空处需填非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰the dangers；根据句意和首字母提示，应用动词pose，意为“造成，引起”，与其逻辑主语the dangers之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词posed。故填posed。
46．reacted
【详解】考查动词、时态。句意：当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。“对……起反应”表达为动词react，此处考查动词短语react to，意为“对……作出反应”，空前为have，句子为现在完成时，设空处的谓语动词应用过去分词，故填reacted。
47．composed
【详解】考查动词。句意：贝多芬创作了大量非常著名的音乐。空处在句中为谓语，根据汉语提示可知，此处用动词compose，结合句意，动作发生在过去，所以时态为一般过去时，故填composed。
48．posed
【详解】考查动词。句意：在进入会议之前，六名外交部长摆姿势拍照。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用动词，结合语境，时态采用一般过去时。故填posed。
49．embarrassed##mbarrassed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我开始为自己对世界历史的完全无知而感到尴尬。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词作表语，表示“尴尬的”用embarrassed。故填embarrassed。
50．witnesses##itnesses
【详解】考查动词。句意：在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这意味着钱。表示“目击”为动词witness，符合首字母提示；结合句意可知，题干为陈述一个客观现象，故用一般现在时态即可，主语who指代先行词someone，为第三人称单数，故动词需要用第三人称单数形式。故填witnesses。
51．slightly drunk
【详解】考查形容词和副词。句意：恐怕你有点醉了。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要形容词drunk“醉的”，在句中作表语；有点儿可用副词“slightly”，修饰形容词drunk。故填slightly drunk。
52．occurred to her
【详解】考查固定句型和动词时态。句意：她立刻想到这是海啸即将来临的征兆。根据“were”可知，此句为一般过去时；根据汉语提示“她立刻想到”及空前的It immediately可知，此处应用句型It occurred to sb. that...，意为“某人突然想到某事”，故答案为occurred to her.
53．risked contracting the deadly disease
【详解】考查动词。句意：医生和护士冒着被感染这种致命疾病的风险去救这些难民。根据句意可知空格处应填“冒着被感染这种致命疾病的风险”且需使用单词“risk”，“冒险做某事”risk doing sth，“感染致命的疾病”contract the deadly disease。根据语境推测动词应使用一般过去时。故填risked contracting the deadly disease。
54．The moment I see##The instant I see##Immediately I see##Instantly I see##On seeing##Upon seeing
【详解】考查固定句式。句意：我一看到杰克，我就告诉他这个好消息。句式“一……就……”的表达有as soon as, the moment, the instant, immediately和instantly。除了这几个常用表达之外，也可以用介词+动名词的方式来表达以上的含义，介词有on或者upon。短语on seeing him就相当于as soon as I see him。故填The moment I see /The instant I see / Immediately I see/ Instantly I see / On seeing / Upon seeing。
55．It was in the cave that the children found some paintings.
【详解】考查强调句。句意：孩子们在山洞里发现了一些画。强调句句型为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，首先判断时态，根据原句句意及动词found可知，原句讲述的是过去的事情，为一般过去时，故强调句也为一般过去时，句中用It was，被强调部分是地点状语in the cave，故强调句中连接词用that，原句其他部分放在that之后，语序不变。故填It was in the cave that the children found some paintings.。
56．He always takes his wife’s efforts for granted, which has been a source of conflict in his family.
【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。主语为he；表示“视为理所当然”句型为take sth. for granted，为一般现在时；表示“妻子的付出”应用wife’s efforts；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句，表示“家庭矛盾的导火索”翻译为a source of conflict in his family，从句用现在完成时。故翻译为He always takes his wife’s efforts for granted, which has been a source of conflict in his family.
57．Writing letters is the best way of staying in touch with our friends.
【详解】考查动名词做主语。分析句子结构可知，writing letters是动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称；再结合句意可知，stay in touch with意为“保持联系”，the best way of意为“最好的方式……”，故译成Writing letters is the best way of staying in touch with our friends.
58．Rose’s coming won’t be of much help.
【详解】考查动名词的复合机构和固定表达。句子陈述将来的事情，应用一般将来时；表示主语“罗丝的到来”用动名词的复合结构Rose’s coming；表示“起到很大的作用”应用固定结构be of much help。故翻译为Rose’s coming wo’'t be of much help.
59．a journal entry 60．on board a spacecraft 61．zero gravity 62．up and down 63．on the ceiling 64．sound like fun 65．be strapped to… 66．a sleeping compartment 67．self-discipline 68．a vacuum cleaner 69．an air filter 70．come in handy
【解析】59．考查短语。“一则日记”表达为a journal entry。故填a journal entry。
60．考查短语。“在上”表达为on board，“宇宙飞行器”表达为a spacecraft，故“在宇宙飞行器上”表达为on board a spacecraft。故填on board a spacecraft。
61．考查短语。“没有重力”即“零重力”表达为zero gravity。故填zero gravity。
62．考查短语。“上上下下”表达为up and down。故填up and down。
63．考查短语。“在天花板上”表达为on the ceiling。故填on the ceiling。
64．考查短语和形容词。“听起来像”表达为sound like，“有趣的”表达为fun。故“听起来有趣”表达为sound like fun。故填sound like fun。
65．考查短语。“被绑在……”表达为be strapped to...。故填be strapped to…。
66．考查短语。“睡眠舱”表达为a sleeping compartment。故填a sleeping compartment。
67．考查名词。“自我约束”表达为self-discipline。故填self-discipline。
68．考查形容词和名词。“真空”表达为vacuum，“吸尘器”表达为cleaner，故“真空吸尘器”表达为a vacuum cleaner。故填a vacuum cleaner。
69．考查名词词组。“空气过滤器”表达为an air filter。故填an air filter。
70．考查短语。“派上用场”表达为come in handy。故填come in handy。
71．anxiously或with anxiety
【详解】考查副词或介词短语。分析句子成分可知，空处用于修饰前文谓语动词waited“等待”，空处需要填副词或起副词功能的“介词+名词”搭配，作状语。表示“忧心忡忡地”为副词anxiously或介词短语with anxiety。故填anxiously或with anxiety。
72．slightly
【详解】考查副词。结合句意“有点”可知应填副词slightly，作状语。故填slightly。
人教版英语选择性必修第一册第四章测试
英语
姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
“I miss you. Let’s meet up soon?” These are the words which appear in my inbox and outbox almost every week. I miss my friends and they miss me. But many of them are dotted (散布于) around the country. I can’t see them as much as I’d like.
I have friends living in Telford, Wolverhampton and Birmingham. Some friends have moved abroad. I’ve also got some wonderful pals in London, where I live now.
But, unlike many of my peers. I don’t have one big group I can meet in one place at a time. It means a large part of my life is spent visiting my friends separately. And if I don’t do it right, it can be bloody exhausting.
Don’t get me wrong. I will always make time for these visits and I never regret them. They are my friends and worth every penny and effort. But life is busy — you have friends, family, a job, a partner, and pets. Each requires their own time slots (时间档) and individual levels of attention. So I’d be a big liar if I didn’t admit I’ve striven to get the balance right over the years. To avoid what I call “long-distance friendship burnout”, I try to arrange one weekend a month to meet a friend. When it comes to playing guest or host, it’s nice to take turns.
I’ve had weekends in the past where I’ve tried to arrange many friend visits in one trip. But that’s exhausting. And I didn’t feel present enough for my friends as I was thinking about what time I had to leave to see the next person, so now it’s all about one friend at a time.
Obviously it means seeing them less often, but at the same time I get to spend more time with them when I do.
Long-distance friendships can be tough. But they are also beautiful and 100% worth all the trouble.
1．What is the author’s trouble?
A．She has no friends in her city.
B．She can’t get in touch with some of her friends.
C．She has many friends living far away in different places.
D．She is tired of keeping cross-national friendships.
2．What does the underlined word “striven” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Begged. B．Stopped. C．Decided. D．Struggled.
3．What’s the advantage of the author’s new way to meet friends?
A．It makes her friends miss her even more.
B．It allows her to focus on one friend at a time.
C．It helps save her friends a lot of travel expenses.
D．It lets her discover the beauty of long-distance friendship.
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Experience in keeping up long-distance friendship.
B．A couple of wonderful places to live.
C．The importance of time management in daily life.
D．Useful tips on emailing friends.
Body language or, as it is also known, nonverbal communication, is about all the things that people say and do without using words. Research suggests that more than 70% of communication occurs without people having to say a single word.
Like language, the way we communicate nonverbally varies across cultures. But, unlike language, it can be very difficult to find out what the nonverbal rules are.
It’s very well-known that there are differences in the ways that cultures work, but what can you do to try to prepare yourself for living and surviving in another culture?
I think you’ve got two things to think about. I personally don’t fully accept the idea of “When in Rome, do as the Romans do. ” I don’t think people expect you to completely adopt all of the things that they do. What I think people would like is that you agree and understand it and that you do your best.
One of the things you can do is actually to explain to the other culture, saying, “Well, you know, actually we don’t normally kiss in my culture, so it’s a bit uncomfortable.” But then do your best, so it’s a learning process.
Well, kissing is just one of many different ways of interaction that you need to know. You can get into difficult or embarrassing or even worse situations if you don’t know it. Eye contact, tone of voice, how close you stand, any touching, how many times you kiss, a long handshake, a short handshake, it can go on and on. So I think, yes, you do need to get these correct and you need to have good observation skills.
5．From the passage, it can be inferred that ________.
A．only grownups have body language
B．body language can be understood by all the people all the time
C．only the same body language has the same meaning all over the world
D．body language varies from culture to culture
6．The passage is mainly to tell readers ________.
A．body language is important
B．to find out the rules of body language
C．when in Rome, do as the Romans do
D．to learn good observation skills
7．According to the author, we know that ________.
A．to learn body language, you should watch people and observe what they do
B．to learn a language, you should prepare yourself for living in another culture
C．when you learn a language, you must know the differences of different cultures
D．to know body language, you should adopt all that other cultures do
My wife and I moved into our home nine years ago. We have a yard a “rock garden”. There the rocks appear to be just thrown up onto the dirt as if someone were in a hurry to finish. Very often when we have more flowers, Denise or I would plant them between the rocks, just to bring some color to the area.
Last summer I found, in the rock garden, a tiny little plant that I could not immediately recognize. I knew I didn’t plant it and Denise said she didn’t either. We decided to let it continue growing until we could find out what it was.
Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the strange plant, it appeared to be a sunflower. It looked thin and tall with only one head on it. I decided to baby it along and weed (除草) around it. As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something unusual. The sunflower had not started where I saw it begin. It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to reach the sun.
If a tiny little sunflower didn’t let a big rock stand in its way of developing, we too have the ability to do the same thing. If we believe in ourselves like that little sunflower, we can reach where we aim to go and get what we need for growth.
We need to believe in ourselves knowing we have the ability to achieve our goals. Like the sunflower, it knew it had the ability to get over the rocks because it had faith in itself that it would succeed. Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud of who and what we are, then other things will begin to support us. We will find a way to go under or around any “rocks” in order to realize our goals.
8．The family planted flowers in the yard ________.
A．to attract visitors B．to remove the rocks
C．to please their neighbors D．to make the area colorful
9．The author let the tiny plant continue growing ________ .
A．to see how long it could live B．to see how big it could grow
C．to find out what it actually was D．to know if his wife had planted it
10．The author think the sunflower was unusual because ________.
A．it was very thin and tall B．it had only one head on it
C．it grew on top of a big rock D．it began to grow under a rock
11．We can conclude from the passage that ________.
A．rocks cannot prevent us from success
B．we can get over difficulties if we trust ourselves
C．we should take good care of the rock gardens
D．sunflowers are able to grow everywhere
12．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．Stand Tall Like the Sunflower B．The Sunflower and My Family
C．Being Proud of the Sunflower D．The Secret of the Sunflower
二、七选五
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. ____13____Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (认知偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.
To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. ____14____ In a quiz about US citizens, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did — even when their answers were wrong.
So what is behind “jumping”? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. ____15____
It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusion made at first sight without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
____16____ A method called cognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are faced with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to gradually get rid of participants’ overconfidence.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead jump to a conclusion is a frequent and important one. ____17____ Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
A．Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.
B．Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.
C．We plan to trace other problems introduced by jumping.
D．But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.
E．It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.
F．The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.
G．Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.
三、完形填空
A stand-up comedian is, supposed to be, a fluent communicator who is also good at using body language to ____18____ jokes.
However, for 27-year-old comedian Zhang Jiaxin, it takes a great effort to ____19____ pronounce the sounds of each character and sentence and be ____20____ on the stage. At birth, the oxygen ____21____ to his brain was curtailed (限制，削减), which ____22____ later problems with speaking and walking. The other long-term impairment is the loss of full use of his right hand.
It was two years ago when Zhang first performed stand-up comed yon the stage. At the time, he worked for the new media operation department of a company ____23____ in Xiamen, Fujian province, and had to prepare for a performance at the company’s year-end party.
He didn’t know much about stand-up performance. ____24____, as someone who likes to watch and be amused by entertainment shows from a very young age, he decided to give a humorous monologue at the party to amuse and ____25____ his colleagues.
It opened Zhang’s door to a colorful world of stand-up comedy.
He started to pay attention to the stand-up comedy live shows in Xiamen and got the ____26____ of a woman who worked at a local stand-up club.
“She sent me some videos of Drew Lynch (an American stand-up comic who developed a(an)_____27_____ stutter (结巴) due to a sports injury earlier in his life) and told me that my defects are what make my appeal special,” he says. “That _____28_____ me to have a go.”
After he read through a manual for writing and performing stand-up comedy, he started to _____29_____his daily life to identify humorous _____30_____ that could be used as jumping-off points to launch into stories.
Once he walked onto the stage, the audience _____31_____ noticed his differences.
“_____32_____, they were kind of walking on eggshells to spare my feelings. As I gradually opened myself to them, the atmosphere turned to be relaxing,” he says.
Wows and claps resounded. His jokes went down well as he worked the room with his humor.
18．A．appoint B．accompany C．play D．accomplish
19．A．likely B．especially C．necessarily D．clearly
20．A．special B．significant C．flexible D．obvious
21．A．supply B．turn C．addition D．reserve
22．A．applied to B．led to C．lived up to D．held on to
23．A．based B．settled C．discovered D．explored
24．A．Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Moreover
25．A．amaze B．entertain C．experiment D．greet
26．A．contract B．concept C．conduct D．contact
27．A．artificial B．little C．permanent D．consequent
28．A．attracted B．instructed C．inspected D．inspired
29．A．examine B．select C．consider D．expect
30．A．facts B．insights C．moments D．opinions
31．A．frequently B．immediately C．subsequently D．literally
32．A．Initially B．Finally C．Completely D．Precisely
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yesterday, as I approached the front door of our public library, a white-haired gentleman stepped back to hold the door for me. With a walking stick ___33___(hold) in my hand, it is not strange for folks to do so. However, I told the gentleman that the door had an automatic opener, and that it can open by ___34___(it). He said, “I ___35___(think) I would have an opportunity to be helpful.” On hearing that, I backed up, let the door close, and allowed him to reopen the door, not ___36___(use) the automatic control this time. That act of kindness brightened not only my day, but ___37___ my delight, also the day of that white-haired senior citizen.
Holding the door open is a polite and thoughtful act, which can bring ___38___ (warm) to others. ___39___ you are at home or at work, open the door for others and those around you will thank you. They’ll certainly appreciate your good manners, ___40___will comfort people.
Never hesitate to offer kindness. A small act of kindness brings an ___41___(expect) result. Keep in mind that a small deed makes ____42____ big difference.
五、根据首字母填写单词
43．This is not to suggest that there is no need for you to study in school but to acknowledge that r_________ your knowledge through lifelong learning is both essential and beneficial. (根据首字母单词拼写)
44．Police have appealed to anyone who w________ the incident to contact them. （根据首字母单词拼写）
45．As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers p______ by the advances in AI. （根据首字母单词拼写）
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
46．Local residents have __________________(对……起反应) angrily to the news. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
47．Beethoven ___________ (创作) a large amount of very famous music. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48．Before going into their meeting, the six foreign ministers ________(摆好姿势) for photographs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
49．I am beginning to feel e________(尴尬的)by my complete ignorance of world history. （根据中英文提示填空）
50．In Japan, someone who w_______(目击) another person employing the gesture might think it means money. (根据中英文提示填空)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
51．I am afraid you are ______________________（有点儿喝醉）. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
52．It immediately ________ (她立刻想到) that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53．The doctors and nurses ____________________(冒着被感染这种致命疾病的风险，risk) to save these refugees. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、句型转换
54．I’ll tell Jack the good news as soon as I see him. （同义句转换）
→ __________ Jack, I’ll tell him the good news.
55．The children found some paintings in the cave. （使用强调句对划线部分强调）
十、汉译英（整句）
56．他总把妻子的付出视为理所当然，这一直是他家庭矛盾的导火索。(grant) （汉译英）
57．写信是和朋友保持联系的最佳方式。（stay in touch with）
58．罗丝的到来不会起到很大的作用。（汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
59．一则日记 _________
60．在宇宙飞行器上 _________
61．没有重力 ________
62．上上下下 _________
63．在天花板上 __________
64．听起来很有趣 _________
65．被绑在…… ________
66．睡眠舱 _________
67．自我约束 ________
68．真空吸尘器 _________
69．空气过滤器 _________
70．派上用场 ________
十二、完成句子
71．他忧心忡忡地等待着有关该事故的更多消息。
He waited _________ for more news about the accident.
72．I’m________ worried that she’ll get lost on the way.
我有点担心她会迷路。
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者维系远程友谊的烦恼以及自己想到的解决办法。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I miss my friends and they miss me. But many of them are dotted (散布于) around the country.(我想念我的朋友，他们也想念我。但他们中的许多人分布在全国各地)”可推知，作者的烦恼是她有很多朋友住得很远，而且散布在不同的地方。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“But life is busy — you have friends, family, a job, a partner, and pets. Each requires their own time slots (时间档) and individual levels of attention.(但是生活是忙碌的——你有朋友、家庭、工作、伴侣和宠物。每个都需要自己的时间和注意力水平)”及“To avoid what I call “long-distance friendship burnout”, I try to arrange one weekend a month to meet a friend.(为了避免我所说的“异地友谊倦怠”，我尽量每个月安排一个周末和朋友见面)”可知，作者一直在努力平衡拜访朋友和其他事务之间的关系。由此可知，划线词所在句So I’d be a big liar if I didn’t admit I’ve striven to get the balance right over the years.意为“所以，如果我不承认多年来我一直在努力保持平衡，那我就是个大骗子”。由此推知，划线词striven与struggled意思接近。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Obviously it means seeing them less often, but at the same time I get to spend more time with them when I do.(显然，这意味着见到他们的次数会减少，但同时我也会花更多的时间和他们在一起)”可知，作者这种会见朋友的新方式可以让她一次只关注一个朋友，能够花更多的时间和朋友在一起。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“I miss my friends and they miss me. But many of them are dotted (散布于) around the country.(我想念我的朋友，他们也想念我。但他们中的许多人分布在全国各地)”及下文对作者的经历描述可知，文章主要讲述了作者维系远程友谊的烦恼以及自己想到的解决办法，即保持异地友谊的经验。故选A。
5．D 6．B 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了肢体语言，或者也称为非语言交流，是关于人们在不使用文字的情况下所说和所做的所有事情，并阐述了身体语言的规则。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Body language or, as it is also known, nonverbal communication, is about all the things that people say and do without using words.(肢体语言，也被称为非语言沟通，是指人们不用语言就能说的和做的所有事情。)”和第二段中“Like language, the way we communicate nonverbally varies across cultures.(就像语言一样，我们非语言交流的方式也因文化而异。)”可推知，肢体语言（也就是非语言交流）因文化而异。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段“But, unlike language, it can be very difficult to find out what the nonverbal rules are.(但是，与语言不同的是，要找出非语言规则是非常困难的。)”，第三段“It’s very well-known that there are differences in the ways that cultures work, but what can you do to try to prepare yourself for living and surviving in another culture?(众所周知，不同文化的运作方式是不同的，但是你能做些什么来为自己在另一种文化中生活和生存做好准备呢？)”以及下文内容可知，这篇文章主要是告诉读者发现肢体语言的规则。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So I think, yes, you do need to get these correct and you need to have good observation skills.(所以我认为，是的，你需要把这些做对，你需要有良好的观察技巧。)”可知，要学习肢体语言，需要具有观察技巧，你应该观察人们，观察他们做了什么。故选A。
8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文作者叙述了自己偶然发现一株向日葵从岩石中顽强生长出来的过程，阐述了我们只要像向日葵那样，具备不畏艰难、顽强生长的精神，就一定能够克服困难，获得成功。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Very often when we have more flowers, Denise or I would plant them between the rocks, just to bring some color to the area (很多时候，当我们有更多的花，丹尼斯或我会把它们种在岩石之间，只是为了给这个地区带来一些颜色。)”可知，这家人在院子里面种花是为了给院子增添颜色，使院子更漂亮。因此，这家人在院子里种花是D项“to make the area colorful(使该区域多姿多彩)”符合题意，故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“We decided to let it continue growing until we could find out what it was. (我们决定让它继续生长，直到我们发现它是什么)”可知，作者在岩石花园里发现了一株认不出来的小植物，他打算让它继续生长，为了看看它是什么植物。因此，作者让这株小植物继续生长是C项“to find out what it actually was(找出它到底是什么)”符合题意，故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something unusual. The sunflower had not started where I saw it begin. It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to reach the sun. (向日葵并没有从我看到的地方开始生长。它实际上是在一块大岩石下开始生长的，在岩石下面和周围生长，直到到达太阳)”可知，向日葵实际上是在一块大岩石下开始生长的，其生命力很顽强，这是不寻常的。因此，作者认为向日葵是不寻常的，因为是D项“it began to grow under a rock (它开始在岩石下生长)”符合题意，故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段的“If a tiny little sunflower didn’t let a big rock stand in its way of developing, we too have the ability to do the same thing. If we believe in ourselves like that little sunflower, we can reach where we aim to go and get what we need for growth. (如果一颗小小的向日葵不让一块大石头阻挡它的发展，我们也有能力做同样的事情。如果我们像向日葵一样相信自己，我们就能达到我们的目标，获得我们成长所需的东西)”可知，作者认为，只要我们像向日葵那样，具备不畏艰难，顽强生长的精神，就一定能够克服困难，获得成功。因此，从这篇文章中我们可以得出结论是B项“we can get over difficulties if we trust ourselves(如果我们相信自己，我们就能克服困难)”符合题意，故选B项。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Like the sunflower, it knew it had the ability to get over the rocks because it had faith in itself that it would succeed. Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud of who and what we are, then other things will begin to support us.(就像向日葵一样，它知道自己有能力越过岩石，因为它相信自己会成功。像向日葵一样昂首挺胸，为我们是谁和我们是什么感到骄傲，然后其他的东西就会开始支持我们)”可知，作者将向日葵拟人化，形象地阐述了只要我们像向日葵那样，具备不畏艰难，顽强生长的精神，就一定能够克服困难，获得成功。因此，这篇文章的最佳标题是A项“Stand Tall Like the Sunflower(像向日葵一样高高站立)”符合题意，故选A项。
13．D 14．B 15．F 16．A 17．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。但一种叫元认知训练的方法可以帮助那些急于得出结论的人。
13．根据上文“How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice.(你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做出选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节)”结合下文提到了jumper“急于得出结论的人”可知，呼应上文仔细考虑每一个细节的人，空处应提出另一种人——急于得出结论的人。D项“但相当一部分人很快就会得出结论”符合题意，与上文内容形成对比。故选D。
14．根据上文“We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis.(我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多)”和下文“In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did—even when their answers were wrong.(在一次关于美国公民的测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率——即使他们的答案是错误的)”推知，急于得出结论的人不仅容易犯错，而且过于自信，即使在答案是错误的情况下还高估答案正确的几率。B项“此外，急于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题”符合题意，呈上启下。故选B。
15．空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. (自动系统，反映容易、自发且无需努力就能进入大脑的想法，以及控制系统，包括有意识和轻松的推理。急于得出结论的人和仔细思考者同样受到自动思维的影响)”可知，两类人都受到自动思维的影响。但因为是两种不同的人，因此他们在受影响的程度，或思维模式方面可能有所不同。F项“然而，急于得出结论的人并没有像仔细思考者那样进行控制推理”符合题意，承接上文，指出了他们的不同之处。故选F。
16．空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文“A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence.(一种叫做元认知训练的方法可以用来针对他们的偏见，这可以帮助人们更慎重地思考。在这个培训中，参与者要面对自己的偏见。他们可以学习到错误的地方和思考问题的其他方法。它有助于消除参与者的过度自信)”可知，有方法帮助急于得出结论的人克服他们的问题，消除过度自信。A项“幸运的是，急于得出结论者可能还有一些希望”符合题意。故选A。
17．根据上文“In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one.(在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是按照直觉行事，这是一个常见而重要的问题)”和下文“Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.(有时候，我们做出的最重要决定可能要做出选择之前多花些时间)”可知，相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。G项“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一点更多的证据，也可以帮助我们避免重大错误”符合题意。故选G。
18．B 19．D 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是27岁喜剧演员张佳信，虽然身患疾病，但通过努力在事业上取得成功的故事。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个单口喜剧演员是该能够流畅地讲笑话的同时伴随着使用肢体语言来表演。A. appoint指定，任命，委派；B. accompany伴随，陪伴；C. play表演，玩耍；D. accomplish完成，实现。讲笑话和肢体表演是“相伴”同时发生的，B选项符合文意，故选B。
19．考查形容词、副词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于27岁的喜剧演员张佳信来说，把每一个字，每一句话都清晰地说出来，并在舞台上游刃有余，需要付出极大的努力才能完成。A. likely 可能的；B. especially尤其，特别；C. necessarily必要地；D. clearly清晰地，清楚地。从下文“... problems with speaking and walking”可知，张佳信说话方面有困难，说不“清楚”。故选D。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于27岁的喜剧演员张佳信来说，把每一个字，每一句话都清晰地说出来，并在舞台上游刃有余，需要付出极大的努力才能完成。A. special特殊的；B. significant意义重大的，重要的；C. flexible灵活的，柔韧的；D. obvious清晰的，明显的从下文“... problems with speaking and walking”可知，张佳信行走方面有困难，行不不“灵活”，故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他出生的时候，由于供给大脑的氧气减少，从而导致了以后语言和走路障碍的问题。A. supply供应，供给；B. turn 转向，转身；C. addition增加，添加；D. reserve储备。此处 “缺氧”，也就是“供氧不足”。故选A。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他出生的时候，由于供给大脑的氧气减少，从而导致了以后语言和走路障碍的问题。A. applied to应用；B. led to导致；C. lived up to满足；D. held on to留住，保存。“大脑缺氧”导致了“语言、行动障碍”，是因果关系，故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在一家总部位于福建厦门的公司中的新媒体运营部门工作。A. based以……为基础；B. settled定居；C. discovered发现；D. explored探索，勘察。总部位于福建厦门，也就是以福建厦门为基地，A符合文意，故选A。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于他从小就喜欢看娱乐节目，所以他决定在年终晚会上表演幽默独白来娱乐大众。A. Besides 此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Moreover此外，而且。根据前一句“He didn’t know much about stand-up performance”，可知，他并不太了解单口喜剧表演。根据后一句“as someone who likes to watch and be amused by entertainment shows from a very young age, he decided to give a humorous monologue at the party to amuse and 8 his colleagues. ”由于他从小就喜欢看娱乐节目，所以他决定在年终晚会上表演幽默独白来娱乐大众。设空的前后是转折关系，故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于他从小就喜欢看娱乐节目，所以他决定在年终晚会上表演幽默独白来娱乐大众。A. amaze使惊喜，惊讶；B. entertain使快乐；C. experiment试验；D. greet问候，打招呼。根据“give a humorous monologue”可知他表演幽默独白来使同事们高兴，故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他开始关注厦门的单口喜剧现场演出，并且得到了一位在当地单口喜剧俱乐部工作的女士的联系方式。A. contract合约，合同；B. concept概念；C. conduct品行；D. contact交往，联系。根据下文“She sent me some videos of Drew Lynch…”可知，她给他发了一些视频，故之前是取得了“联系”，故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位女士给了我一位美国单口喜剧演员（由于早年运动损伤，他落下了永久性结巴的毛病）的表演视频。A. artificial人工的，假的；B. little很少；C. permanent永久的，永恒的；D. 对了作为结果的，随之而来的。运动损伤带来了的结巴，没有治愈，是“永久性”的。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那促使我尝试一下。A. attracted吸引；B. instructed指导，指示；C. inspected检查，审查；D. inspired激励，激发。根据上文，这位女士给了我一位美国单口喜剧演员（由于早年运动损伤，他落下了永久性结巴的毛病）的表演视频，他深受启发，故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他看了单口喜剧的创作和表演的相关手册后，他开始审视自己的日常生活以便发现那些能被写到故事里的幽默瞬间。A. examine检查，审查；B. select挑拣，挑选；C. consider考虑，思考；D. expect期盼，预料。他要从生活中发掘可写到故事里的精彩瞬间，就要仔细观察（to look at it carefully），A选项符合词义，故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他看了单口喜剧的创作和表演的相关手册后，他开始审视自己的日常生活以便发现那些能被写到故事里的幽默瞬间。A. facts事实；B. insights洞察力，深刻见解；C. moments时刻，瞬间；D. opinions观点，看法。同上句分析，张佳信故事素材源于生活，他把自己生活中的“幽默瞬间”写到故事中，故选C。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一次，当他走上舞台，观众立刻注意到他的不同。A. frequently频繁地；B. immediately立刻，马上；C. subsequently随后；接着；D. literally字面地；确实地。根据上一句“be used as jumping-off points to launch into stories. ”，说明他的表演很吸引眼球，“立刻”引起了观众的注意。故选B。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们很小心地缓解我紧张的情绪。随着我逐渐放开自己，气氛开始变得轻松。A. Initially起初，开始；B. Finally最终；C. Completely完全地，彻底地；D. Precisely精确地，确切地。“我慢慢地变得放松”可推断设空处应该为“最初”，前后形成一个情绪上的变化，故选 A。
33．held 34．itself 35．thought 36．using 37．to 38．warmth 39．Whether 40．which 41．unexpected 42．a
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了别人主动为作者体贴地开门，让作者意识到一个小小的善举会带来意想不到的结果。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：我手里拿着拐杖，人们这样做并不奇怪。此处为with的复合结构，stick与hold是逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词，作宾补。故填held。
34．考查代词。句意：然而，我告诉这位先生，门有一个自动开门器，它可以自己打开。结合句意表示“它自己”，应用反身代词itself。by oneself表示“独自”。故填itself。
35．考查时态。句意：他说：“我想我会有机会帮忙的。”描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填thought。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：听到这个，我后退了一下，让门关上，让他重新打开门，这次不用自动控制。分析句子结构可知，use在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语I构成逻辑主谓关系，故用现在分词，作状语。故填using。
37．考查介词。句意：这一善举不仅照亮了我的一天，而且让我高兴的是，也照亮了那位白发老人的一天。结合句意表示“令某人高兴的是”可知，短语为to one’s delight。故填to。
38．考查名词。句意：开门是一种礼貌和体贴的行为，可以给别人带来温暖。作宾语，表示“温暖”应用名词warmth，不可数。故填warmth。
39．考查固定句型。句意：无论你是在家里还是在工作，为别人打开门，你周围的人都会感谢你。结合句意表示“无论是……还是……”，句型为whether…or…，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Whether。
40．考查定语从句。句意：他们肯定会欣赏你的礼貌，这将安慰人们。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
41．考查形容词。句意：一个小小的善举会带来意想不到的结果。修饰后文名词result，表示“意想不到的”，应用形容词unexpected，作定语。故填unexpected。
42．考查冠词。句意：记住，小的行动会产生大的不同。结合句意表示“产生大的不同”，短语为make a big difference。故填a。
43．refreshing##efreshing
【详解】考查动词。句意：这并不是说你没有必要在学校学习，而是承认通过终身学习来更新你的知识是必要的和有益的。结合首字母和句意可知，动词refresh“更新”符合题意，作主语，应用其动名词形式。故填refreshing。
44．witnessed##itnessed
【详解】考查动词。句意：警方呼吁目击者与他们联系。分析句子可知，此空应填从句的谓语动词，再根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填witness，表“见证”，且时态应用一般过去时。故填witnessed。
45．posed##osed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着我们越来越依赖电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能的进步带来的危险。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词为urge，故设空处需填非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰the dangers；根据句意和首字母提示，应用动词pose，意为“造成，引起”，与其逻辑主语the dangers之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词posed。故填posed。
46．reacted
【详解】考查动词、时态。句意：当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。“对……起反应”表达为动词react，此处考查动词短语react to，意为“对……作出反应”，空前为have，句子为现在完成时，设空处的谓语动词应用过去分词，故填reacted。
47．composed
【详解】考查动词。句意：贝多芬创作了大量非常著名的音乐。空处在句中为谓语，根据汉语提示可知，此处用动词compose，结合句意，动作发生在过去，所以时态为一般过去时，故填composed。
48．posed
【详解】考查动词。句意：在进入会议之前，六名外交部长摆姿势拍照。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用动词，结合语境，时态采用一般过去时。故填posed。
49．embarrassed##mbarrassed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我开始为自己对世界历史的完全无知而感到尴尬。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词作表语，表示“尴尬的”用embarrassed。故填embarrassed。
50．witnesses##itnesses
【详解】考查动词。句意：在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这意味着钱。表示“目击”为动词witness，符合首字母提示；结合句意可知，题干为陈述一个客观现象，故用一般现在时态即可，主语who指代先行词someone，为第三人称单数，故动词需要用第三人称单数形式。故填witnesses。
51．slightly drunk
【详解】考查形容词和副词。句意：恐怕你有点醉了。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要形容词drunk“醉的”，在句中作表语；有点儿可用副词“slightly”，修饰形容词drunk。故填slightly drunk。
52．occurred to her
【详解】考查固定句型和动词时态。句意：她立刻想到这是海啸即将来临的征兆。根据“were”可知，此句为一般过去时；根据汉语提示“她立刻想到”及空前的It immediately可知，此处应用句型It occurred to sb. that...，意为“某人突然想到某事”，故答案为occurred to her.
53．risked contracting the deadly disease
【详解】考查动词。句意：医生和护士冒着被感染这种致命疾病的风险去救这些难民。根据句意可知空格处应填“冒着被感染这种致命疾病的风险”且需使用单词“risk”，“冒险做某事”risk doing sth，“感染致命的疾病”contract the deadly disease。根据语境推测动词应使用一般过去时。故填risked contracting the deadly disease。
54．The moment I see##The instant I see##Immediately I see##Instantly I see##On seeing##Upon seeing
【详解】考查固定句式。句意：我一看到杰克，我就告诉他这个好消息。句式“一……就……”的表达有as soon as, the moment, the instant, immediately和instantly。除了这几个常用表达之外，也可以用介词+动名词的方式来表达以上的含义，介词有on或者upon。短语on seeing him就相当于as soon as I see him。故填The moment I see /The instant I see / Immediately I see/ Instantly I see / On seeing / Upon seeing。
55．It was in the cave that the children found some paintings.
【详解】考查强调句。句意：孩子们在山洞里发现了一些画。强调句句型为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，首先判断时态，根据原句句意及动词found可知，原句讲述的是过去的事情，为一般过去时，故强调句也为一般过去时，句中用It was，被强调部分是地点状语in the cave，故强调句中连接词用that，原句其他部分放在that之后，语序不变。故填It was in the cave that the children found some paintings.。
56．He always takes his wife’s efforts for granted, which has been a source of conflict in his family.
【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。主语为he；表示“视为理所当然”句型为take sth. for granted，为一般现在时；表示“妻子的付出”应用wife’s efforts；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句，表示“家庭矛盾的导火索”翻译为a source of conflict in his family，从句用现在完成时。故翻译为He always takes his wife’s efforts for granted, which has been a source of conflict in his family.
57．Writing letters is the best way of staying in touch with our friends.
【详解】考查动名词做主语。分析句子结构可知，writing letters是动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称；再结合句意可知，stay in touch with意为“保持联系”，the best way of意为“最好的方式……”，故译成Writing letters is the best way of staying in touch with our friends.
58．Rose’s coming won’t be of much help.
【详解】考查动名词的复合机构和固定表达。句子陈述将来的事情，应用一般将来时；表示主语“罗丝的到来”用动名词的复合结构Rose’s coming；表示“起到很大的作用”应用固定结构be of much help。故翻译为Rose’s coming wo’'t be of much help.
59．a journal entry 60．on board a spacecraft 61．zero gravity 62．up and down 63．on the ceiling 64．sound like fun 65．be strapped to… 66．a sleeping compartment 67．self-discipline 68．a vacuum cleaner 69．an air filter 70．come in handy
【解析】59．考查短语。“一则日记”表达为a journal entry。故填a journal entry。
60．考查短语。“在上”表达为on board，“宇宙飞行器”表达为a spacecraft，故“在宇宙飞行器上”表达为on board a spacecraft。故填on board a spacecraft。
61．考查短语。“没有重力”即“零重力”表达为zero gravity。故填zero gravity。
62．考查短语。“上上下下”表达为up and down。故填up and down。
63．考查短语。“在天花板上”表达为on the ceiling。故填on the ceiling。
64．考查短语和形容词。“听起来像”表达为sound like，“有趣的”表达为fun。故“听起来有趣”表达为sound like fun。故填sound like fun。
65．考查短语。“被绑在……”表达为be strapped to...。故填be strapped to…。
66．考查短语。“睡眠舱”表达为a sleeping compartment。故填a sleeping compartment。
67．考查名词。“自我约束”表达为self-discipline。故填self-discipline。
68．考查形容词和名词。“真空”表达为vacuum，“吸尘器”表达为cleaner，故“真空吸尘器”表达为a vacuum cleaner。故填a vacuum cleaner。
69．考查名词词组。“空气过滤器”表达为an air filter。故填an air filter。
70．考查短语。“派上用场”表达为come in handy。故填come in handy。
71．anxiously或with anxiety
【详解】考查副词或介词短语。分析句子成分可知，空处用于修饰前文谓语动词waited“等待”，空处需要填副词或起副词功能的“介词+名词”搭配，作状语。表示“忧心忡忡地”为副词anxiously或介词短语with anxiety。故填anxiously或with anxiety。
72．slightly
【详解】考查副词。结合句意“有点”可知应填副词slightly，作状语。故填slightly。
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