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福建省泉州市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期5月适应性练习试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份福建省泉州市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期5月适应性练习试题（Word版附解析），共24页。
2022-2023学年度下学期泉州市高中适应性英语练习
高 一 英 语
2023.05
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生须在试题卷、答题卡规定的位置填写自己的准考证号、姓名。考生应认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束，考生须将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. What event are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Snowboarding. B. Figure skating. C. Speed skating.
2. Where are the speakers?
A. In a department store. B. At a restaurant. C. At the booking office.
3. What does the woman think of the presentation?
A. Informative(提供有用信息的) B. Unique(独特的) C. Convincing(令人信服的)
4. How much will the woman pay for the bills?
A. $15. B. $20. C. $25.
5. What will the woman do?
A. Visit the national gallery(美术馆).
B. Go to the dentist.
C. Have her car repaired(修理).
第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What can we learn about the woman?
A. She likes playing badminton.
B. She is a good swimmer.
C. She is on a diet.
7 What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Workmates. B. A couple. C. Coach and player.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does the man talk to the woman?
A. To seek tips on using the bus system.
B. To make a plan touring around Chicago.
C. To reserve a visit to the Modern Art Museum.
9. Who is the woman?
A. A tourist guide. B. A bus driver. C. A ticket seller.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Which of the following is Linda’s job?
A. Wrapping(包裹)fruit. B. Cleaning houses. C. Pulling weeds(拔草).
11. How does the woman find her part-time job?
A. Boring. B. Meaningful C. Enviable(令人羡慕的).
12. When will the man plant trees for his neighbours?
A. This morning. B. This weekend. C. This afternoon.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing?
A. Conducting an interview.
B. Hosting a workshop.
C. Attending a lecture.
14. Why did Gigi start the project?
A. To show respect to retired teachers.
B. To make retired teachers available to kids.
C. To improve teaching environment for schools.
15. What should students do at the end of each session?
A. Raise questions. B. Change groups. C. Give presentations(演示).
16. What is a challenge for Gigi’s work?
A. Language barrier(障碍). B. Network crash(崩溃). C. Staff (人员) shortage.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What do we know about Linda?
A. She taught nursing.
B. She lacked company.
C. She set up the program.
18. What made Linda and Jessy form a pair?
A. Their common interest.
B. Their work experiences.
C. Their education backgrounds.
19. How do the high school students help elderly people?
A. By reading stories.
B. By chatting with them.
C. By designing educational programs
20. What can we say about the program?
A. It is a fortune-making(发财) project.
B. It needs further improvements.
C. It is a win-win practice.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Earthwatch expeditions pair researchers with volunteers to address some of the world’s most pressing environmental challenges. Explore our current expeditions to discover how you can make a difference.
Climate Change at the Arctie’s Edge
Northern ecosystems are being transformed by climate change. Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic and the rest of the world.
Location: Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Research Station; Internet access
Food: buffet-style meals; Special diets accommodated
Amazon Riverboat Exploration
Aboard a riverboat deep in the heart of Peru’s flooded Amazon region, you’ll help to conserve river dolphins and monkeys, and protect the fragile South American wilderness.
Location: Samiria River, Peru
Activity Level: Very Active
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible
Food: Chef-prepared meals
Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa
Rhinos are believed to play an important role as “ecosystem engineers”. Help scientists to understand their impact on the environment to help conserve and manage rhinos in South Africa.
Location: Northwest Province, South Africa
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Double Rooms possible; Wilderness Camp
Food: Chef-prepared meals; Special diets accommodated
Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico
Assist researchers in collecting data on water quality and land use in an ancient agricultural ecosystem within the wetlands of Xochimilco.
Location: Xochimilco, Mexico
Activity Level: Easy
Accommodations: Double Rooms possible; House Internet access
Food: Chef-prepared meals
1. What are the volunteers required to do in Canada?
A. Collect data on water quality. B. Observe Arctic’s climate change.
C. Change northern ecosystem. D. Rebuild the flooded region.
2. What do the expeditions in Peru and South Africa have in common?
A. Wildlife protection. B. Water activities.
C. Various accommodations. D. Independent research.
3. Which expedition is suitable for a beginner volunteer?
A. Amazon Riverboat Exploration.
B. Climate Change at the Arctic’s Edge.
C. Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa.
D. Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。地球观察将研究人员与志愿者配对，以解决世界上一些最紧迫的环境挑战。文章介绍了几项志愿者探险活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Climate Change at the Arctie’s Edge部分中的“Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic and the rest of the world.(加入这项长期监测工作，探索这些变化对北极和世界其他地区意味着什么。)”可知，在加拿大，志愿者需要观察北极的气候变化。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Amazon Riverboat Exploration部分中的“Aboard a riverboat deep in the heart of Peru’s flooded Amazon region, you’ll help to conserve river dolphins and monkeys, and protect the fragile South American wilderness.(在秘鲁被洪水淹没的亚马逊地区的中心地带，您将帮助保护河豚和猴子，并保护脆弱的南美荒野。)”和Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa部分中的“Rhinos are believed to play an important role as “ecosystem engineers”. Help scientists to understand their impact on the environment to help conserve and manage rhinos in South Africa.(犀牛被认为扮演着“生态系统工程师”的重要角色。帮助科学家了解它们对环境的影响，以帮助保护和管理南非的犀牛。)”可知，秘鲁和南非的探险的共同之处是野生动物保护。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico部分中的“Activity Level: Easy(活动级别：简单)”可知，适合初学志愿者的是“保护湿地与墨西哥传统农业”探险活动。故选D。
B
Standing in my office 25 years ago was a young astronomer. She had an incredible request that my team revise our software to do something beyond our design, and risk breaking it. All to carry out a seemingly impossible experiment — to prove that a massive black hole existed in our Milky Way. My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but unshakable determination. It was my first encounter with Andrea Ghez, one of the winners of Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.
For 25 years Andrea has been searching for evidence of a black hole at the heart of our galaxy. But the work has been defined by technology. Scientific equipment was never designed to meet Andrea's need — analyzing the image data at superspeed. But she was not to give in and our team just made the changes. And it worked! It was extremely hard and time-consuming, but Andrea persisted. Out of that effort came the first evidence of stars orbiting a black hole.
Andrea is fond of owing her success to the interaction between astronomers and engineers responding to the challenge. Science questions generate new technology and new technology generates new science. Andrea has always pioneered in this virtuous cycle (良性循环). She created UCLA Galactic Centre to promote research and technical developments.
Today, Andrea received the highest scientific recognition. But as she would be the very first to knowledge, this success represents the combined efforts of so many. From the theoretical prediction Albert Einstein, through the amazing telescopes and observatory locations, to the technical workers it is the product of thousands.
But in my eyes, it was just one person that had the persistence and focus to make the idea happen that person is my friend and longtime colleague the one who refused to take "no" for an answer Andrea Ghez.
4. Why did Andrea Ghez pay the first visit to the author?
A. To appreciate a software design. B. To demand a software revision.
C. To conduct an astronomy research. D. To promote a high-tech product.
5. What has Andrea Ghez been persisting in?
A. Carrying out outer space experiment. B. Developing superspeed equipment.
C. Looking for evidence of a black hole. D. Searching for new stars in the galaxy.
6. Which of the following best describes Andrea Ghezi?
A. Pioneering and appreciative. B. Artistic and reserved.
C. Determined and disciplined. D. Innovative and controlling.
7. What does the author think of Andrea Ghez?
A. Average B. Fashionable.
C. Troublesome. D. Admirable.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述获得2020年诺贝尔物理学奖的Andrea Ghez在研究道路上孜孜不倦和坚持不懈的精神。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“Standing in my office 25 years ago was a young astronomer. She had an incredible request that my team revise our software to do something beyond our design, and risk breaking it. ”（25年前，站在我办公室的是一位年轻的天文学家。她提出了一个令人难以置信的要求，要求我的团队修改我们的软件，以完成我们设计之外的事情，并冒着破坏它的风险。）可知，第一次Andrea Ghez拜访作者是要求作者修改软件。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“For 25 years Andrea has been searching for evidence of a black hole at the heart of our galaxy. ”（Andrea Ghez在25年来一直在寻找银河系中心存在黑洞的证据。）可知，Andrea Ghez坚信银河系有黑洞并在找证据。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“My initial "no way" gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but unshakable determination.”（面对她欢快但不可动摇的决心，我最初的“不可能”渐渐让步了。）；第二段“ But she was not to give in and our team just made the changes. ”（但她并没有屈服，我们的团队只是做出了改变。）可知她是一个有决心，意志坚定的人。且由文章第二段“Scientific equipment was never designed to meet Andrea's need—analyzing the image data at superspeed. But she was not to give in and our team just made the changes. And it worked! It was extremely hard and time-consuming, but Andrea persisted.”（科学设备的设计从来没有满足安德里亚以超高速分析图像数据的需要。但她并没有屈服，我们的团队只是做出了改变。成功了！这是非常困难和耗时的，但Andrea坚持下去。）可知，她升级科学设备来证明她的理论，是严格遵守科研纪律的人。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“But in my eyes, it was just one person that had the persistence and focus to make the idea happen that person is my friend and longtime colleague the one who refused to take "no" for an answer Andrea Ghez.”（但在我看来，只有一个人有毅力和专注力让这个想法成为现实，这个人就是我的朋友和老同事，就是那个拒绝接受“不”回答的人Andrea Ghez。）可知，作者把Andrea Ghez当做朋友，言语中透露出对她的敬佩之情。故选D项。
C
Now, an increasing number of cities are suspending recycling services, partly out of fear that workers might contact the coronavirus from one another while sorting through used water bottles, food containers and boxes. One solution: Let robots do the job.
Since the coronavirus took hold in the United States last month, AMP Robotics has seen a “significant” increase in orders for its robots that use artificial intelligence to sort through recycled material, and weed out trash. Some facilities that were looking at getting one or two robots are now saying. “We need quite a bit more.” The Colorado company’s chief executive, Matanya Horowitz said , “It’s all moving quite fast.”
Before the pandemic, automation had been gradually replacing human work in a range of jobs, from call centers to warehouses and grocery stores, as companies looked to cut labor costs and improve profit.
But labor and robotics experts say social-distancing directives, which are likely to continue in some form after the crisis become less strong, could cause more industries to accelerate their use of automation. And long-lasting worries about job losses or a broad unease about having machines control vital aspects of daily life could disappear as society sees the benefits of restructuring workplaces in ways that minimize close human contact.
Recycling is one industry that may be altered permanently by the pandemic. Some workers, who earn as little as $10 an hour, have been concerned about coming to work during the crisis and some cities have been competing to find enough protective gear (防护装备) for all of their employees. Federal health officials have assured them that the risks of transmission from household refuse is low. But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side sorting material, making social distancing difficult
At AMP Robotics, executives like Mr. Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling facilities to space out their employees. who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used plastic and paper.
8. The underlined word “suspend” in paragraph 1 most probably means ________ .
A. admit B. adopt C. delay D. advocate
9. How do people feel about automation after the pandemic?
A. Panicked. B. Worried. C. Unconcerned. D. Appreciative.
10. In which aspect will robots help most in recycling industry?
A. Sorting out recycled material. B. Producing enough protective gear.
C. Replacing the jobs of cheap labor. D. Minimizing close human contact
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. Robots cause severe unemployment. B. Pandemic accelerates automation.
C. Recycling industry is changing D. Social distancing is still important.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肆虐的疫情加速了自动化的发展，智能机器人开始代替人类从事垃圾回收工作。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“partly out of fear that workers might contact the coronavirus from one another while sorting through used water bottles”可知，因为担心工人在整理用过的水瓶、食品容器和盒子时可能会彼此接触到冠状病毒，所以越来越多的城市推迟了回收服务。由此推知，划线词与delay“推迟”意思接近。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“And long-lasting worries about job losses or a broad unease about having machines control vital aspects of daily life could disappear as society sees the benefits of restructuring workplaces in ways that minimize close human contact.(随着社会意识到以减少人类密切接触的方式重组工作场所的好处，对失业的长期担忧或对机器控制日常生活重要方面的普遍不安可能会消失)”可推断，疫情过后人们在看待机器人代替人工处理工作这件事的态度发生了改变，即人们对自动化是赞赏的。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side sorting material, making social distancing difficult.(但回收设施的工作人员经常肩并肩地整理材料，这使得保持社交距离变得困难)”以及最后一段“At AMP Robotics, executives like Mr. Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling facilities to space out their employees, who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used plastic and paper.(在AMP Robotics公司，霍洛维茨等高管表示，他们的机器人将帮助回收机构将站在传送带上清理用过的塑料和纸张的员工分隔开来)”可知，机器人保证了工人之间的社交距离，极大地降低了感染病毒的风险。由此可推断，回收产业的机器人在减少人与人之间的密切接触方面的帮助最大。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第四段“But labor and robotics experts say social-distancing directives, which are likely to continue in some form after the crisis become less strong, could cause more industries to accelerate their use of automation.(但劳工和机器人专家表示，社交距离指令可能会导致更多行业加速使用自动化。在危机减弱后，这种指令可能会以某种形式继续下去)”可知，文章介绍了自美国疫情肆虐以来，为降低工人感染病毒风险，很多城市不得不暂停了垃圾回收服务。然而，与此同时，AMP Robotics公司智能机器人的订单数量却有了显著增长，这家公司生产的智能机器人可以帮助回收材料，并清除垃圾。因此，很多行业都加速了他们应用自动化的进程。由此可知，文章主要介绍疫情加速了自动化发展。故选B。
D
Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative, fail, and learn by chance. This aspect is similar to art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas about how to increase creative freedom.
“Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable. They both provide a perspective on reality,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold in an unpredictable way.”
“Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”
“As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize(可视化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project in which Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, professor of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular(分子的)sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force.
What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are doubted if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result.”
12. What might be the “popular opinion” about the scientific discovery?
A. It is creative. B. It can be accidental.
C. It allows failures. D. It is predictable.
13. In Dolf Weijers’s view, the artistic process_________.
A. totally differs from the scientific one
B. normally looks formal and controlled
C. offers inspiration for scientific research
D. focuses on putting the messy in order
14. Why does the author mention Dolf Weijers’s research on plant cells?
A. To prove that science can be visualized like art.
B. To stress that understanding science is difficult.
C. To show the value of his scientific achievements.
D. To tell obvious differences between science and art.
15. What does Dolf Weijers say about scientific studies?
A. They have little to do with the discoveries.
B. Their process should be more open to people.
C. They always present unchanged final results.
D. Their focus is not the process but the result.
【答案】12 D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了艺术创作和科学研究之间的关系。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process(与“流行的观点”相反，对知识的科学追求不是一个可预测的过程)”可知，流行的观点认为科学发现是可预测的。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”(“科学家可以从艺术家那里学到很多东西，”Weijers说。“联想和创造力是艺术的核心。这些方面在科学中需要更多的关注，因为创造过程是科学的关键。”)”可知，创造过程是科学的关键，而创造力又是艺术的核心。由此可知，艺术过程可以为科学研究提供创造力，激发科学研究的进行。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的““As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize(可视化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project…measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force(“作为一名科学家，你使用不同的方法，但它同样是关于你如何将你对现实的理解和其中的联系形象化。这有时就像艺术一样视觉化，”Weijers说。一个例子是最近Weijers和他的同事，物理化学和软物质教授Joris Sprakel测量了作用在植物细胞上的力。一个分子传感器被用来可视化不同的力。他们用彩色图像展示了结果，每张图像代表一种不同的力)”可知，作者通过提及植物细胞的例子来证明该段开头提到的理论：科学可以像艺术一样被视觉化。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result(Weijers说：“它经常造成错误的印象，因为只呈现科学研究的结果，人们对导致发现的过程没有任何洞察力。我们科学家在未来一段时间能做到的是为人们提供更多关注这一过程的机会。就我个人而言，我认为与艺术的联系有助于引导人们关注过程而不是结果”)可知，Weijers认为，应该给人们提供更多关注研究发现过程的机会，让人们更多的了解科学发现的过程。故选B。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why barbecue tastes so good? The mere thought of barbecue’s smokey smell and fascinating flavors is enough to get most mouths watering. Summer is here, and that means it is barbecue season. Cooking on a grill may seem simple. ____16____
Cooking with fire
When you cook meat at higher temperatures-like over direct heat on a barbecue-the first thing to happen is that water near the meat’s surface boils off. ____17____This reaction produces a complex mixture of molecules (分子) that make food taste more delicious or “meaty” and adds depth to smell and flavors.
____18____Barbecuing allows the water to evaporate (蒸发) or drip down. This keeps the vegetables from becoming soft and wet and promotes caramelization (焦糖) reactions. These reactions turn carbohydrates and sugars into smaller compounds with nutty, meaty and caramel-like flavors.
Burnt smell and crisp
Another feature of barbecued food is the unique burnt smell it develops. When foods are exposed to heat for lengthened periods of time, non-carbon atoms in the food break down, leaving behind the crispy, black carbon. This is the process of burning. ____19____But a little bit of crispy burnt flavor can add such depth to foods. Cooking over the direct heat of a barbecue allows you to add just the amount of burnt flavor to match your taste.
Smokey flavors
The final typical barbecue flavor is smokiness. Food is particularly good at taking on smokey flavors because of fats and water. ____20____In chemistry terms, fats are non-polar-meaning they can easily grab other non-polar molecules. Water is polar and is good at combining other polar molecules. One way to use chemistry to make food more smokey is to periodically water it properly during the barbecuing process.
A A similar process occurs with vegetables.
B. Each combines different types of molecules.
C. As for vegetables, things become totally different.
D. Almost no one likes a completely burnt piece of meat.
E. But there is lots of chemistry that results in such a delicious experience.
F. Smoke is made up of gases, water vapor and small solid particles from the fuel.
G. Once the surface is dry, the proteins and sugars experience the Maillard Reaction.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。夏天是烧烤的季节，文章主要介绍了美味的烧烤食品的特点。
【16题详解】
根据前文“The mere thought of barbecue’s smokey smell and fascinating flavors is enough to get most mouths watering. ”（一想到烧烤的烟熏味和迷人的味道，大多数人就会流口水）可知，吃烧烤是一种美味的体验；选项E. But there is lots of chemistry that results in such a delicious experience.（但有很多化学反应导致了如此美味的体验）中的“such a delicious experience”与此相对应，指的是吃烧烤的体验；且选项上一句“Cooking on a grill may seem simple.”（在烤架上做饭似乎很简单）构成转折关系，承接上文。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据下文“This reaction produces a complex mixture of molecules (分子) that make food taste more delicious or “meaty” and adds depth to smell and flavors.”（这种反应会产生一种复杂的分子混合物，使食物尝起来更美味或更“有肉”，并增加气味和味道的深度）推知，空处提到了一种化学反应，而正是这种化学反应让食物更美味。选项G. Once the surface is dry, the proteins and sugars experience the Maillard Reaction.（一旦表面干燥，蛋白质和糖就会发生Maillard反应）符合语境。故选G。
18题详解】
上文陈述了烤肉时美味是如何产生的，结合下文“Barbecuing allows the water to evaporate (蒸发) or drip down. This keeps the vegetables from becoming soft and wet and promotes caramelization (焦糖) reactions. ”（烧烤会让水蒸发或滴下来，它能防止蔬菜变软变湿，还能促进焦糖反应）推知，烤蔬菜和烤肉是不一样的。选项C. As for vegetables, things become totally different.（至于蔬菜，情况就完全不同了）符合题意。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Another feature of barbecued food is the unique burnt smell it develops. ”（烧烤食品的另一个特点是它散发出独特的烧焦味）和“This is the process of burning.”（这是烧制的过程）可知，前文描述了带有烧焦味烧烤食品的烤制过程；下文“But a little bit of crispy burnt flavor can add such depth to foods.”（但一点点酥脆的焦香可以让食物更有深度）提到了带有烧焦味食品的优点，根据转折词“But”可知，空处应该是表达烧焦味食品的不足，选项D. Almost no one likes a completely burnt piece of meat.（几乎没有人喜欢一块完全烧焦的肉）符合语意，承接上文，衔接下文。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据本段的小标题“Smokey flavors”（烟熏味）和上文“The final typical barbecue flavor is smokiness. Food is particularly good at taking on smokey flavors because of fats and water.”（最后一种典型的烧烤味道是烟熏味。由于脂肪和水的存在，食物特别善于吸收烟熏味）可知，空处应接续陈述有关烟熏味的内容。F. Smoke is made up of gases, water vapor and small solid particles from the fuel.（烟是由气体、水蒸气和来自燃料的小固体颗粒组成的）符合题意。故选F。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We had our son Wesley checked out because of his indifference to communicate with people. To our ____21____, he was diagnosed with autism (自闭症).
Out of everything the doctor had said, the only word I could ____22____ was socialization — key for Wesley to develop ____23____ skills. The instant we got on the car, we desperately (拼命地) brainstormed ways to make his world more social. It suddenly ____24____ me that we were in need of a dog. Soon, we brought the dog Josie home. Wesley didn’t seem that ____25____ her, no matter how adorable (可爱的) she was. But then I began to catch Wesley petting her when he thought no one was looking.
Four months after we’d gotten Josie, I ____26____ the two of them out for a long play. By the end, they were both ____27____. As soon as I put Wesley in his car seat, he fell asleep, with Josie ____28____ her head on his shoulder. That's when I knew they had finally bonded.
One of our biggest ____29____ was that Wesley had no sense of danger and didn’t _____30_____ what a moving car meant. He would dart (猛冲) out in the street. I was _____31_____ he would get hit by a car. Luckily, Josie was able to _____32_____ keep him on the sidewalk. Besides, the best thing about having a dog is that kids come to you. _____33_____ the daily walk to the bus stop provides an opportunity for Wesley to socialize. Kids surround him with _____34_____ about Josie and we practice his answers at home so he is more comfortable talking _____35_____ . I finally learned how to make peace with autism.
21. A. regret B. shame C. sorrow D. shock
22. A. remember B. appreciate C. ignore D. forget
23. A. listening B. reading C. practical D. social
24. A. convinced B. struck C. impressed D. informed
25. A. confused about B. proud of C. interested in D. bored with
26. A. took B. sent C. dragged D. carried
27. A. relieved B. delighted C. satisfied D. exhausted
28. A. lowering B. leaning C. surrounding D. pressing
29. A. choices B. circumstances C. challenges D. puzzles
30. A. figure out B. think of C. find out D. give away
31. A. embarrassed B. terrified C. depressed D. annoyed
32. A. calmly B. silently C. eagerly D. safely
33. A. Even B. Yet C. Ever D. Still
34. A. tips B. questions C. announcement D. information
35. A. in private B. in advance C. in public D. in detail
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了有自闭症的Wesley在小狗Josie的帮助下慢慢变得开朗的故事。
21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我们难过的是，他被诊断为自闭症。A. regret遗憾；B. shame羞耻；C. sorrow悲伤；D. shock惊讶。根据句中“he was diagnosed with autism.(诊断出自闭症)”可推断，这让我们悲伤。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在医生所说的一切中，我唯一记得的词是社交——这是Wesley发展社交技能的关键。A. remember记得；B. appreciate感谢；C. ignore无视；D. forget忘记。句子是过去时态，由此可知，此处是医生之前说的，那么现在我应该是记得的东西。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医生所说的一切中，我唯一记得的词是社交——这是Wesley发展社交技能的关键。A. listening听；B. reading阅读；C. practical实际的；D. social社交的。根据“socialization(社交)”可推断，这里是社交技能。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然意识到，我们需要一只狗。A. convince说服；B. strike撞击，打，罢工，突然想；C. impress给人印象；D. inform通知。句子中“we were in need of a dog(我们需要一只狗)”与前面无关，且紧接着又提到了狗，所以这里是突然想到我们需要一只狗。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Wesley似乎对她不太感兴趣，无论小狗有多可爱。A. confused about对……迷惑；B. proud of骄傲；C. interested in对……有兴趣；D. bored with对……厌倦。根据“no matter how adorable (可爱的) she was”可推断，无论小狗有多可爱，但是Wesley不感兴趣。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们得到Josie的四个月后，我带他们两个出去玩了很久。A. take拿，带去；B. sent送；C. drag拖拉；D. carry携带。带一人一狗出去玩，用到的动词是“take(带)”。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到最后，他们俩都累坏了。A. relieved感到宽慰的；B. delighted高兴的；C. satisfied满意的；D. exhausted精疲力尽的。根据第6题可推断，我带着一人一狗出去玩，最后他们都累坏了。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一把Wesley放在他的汽车座椅上，他就睡着了，Josie把头靠在他的肩膀上。A. lower放低；B. lean倾斜，依靠；C. surround环绕，围绕；D. press压。根据句子中“her head on his shoulder (她的头在他的肩膀上)”可推断，Wesley睡着了， Josie将头靠在Wesley的肩膀上。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们最大的挑战之一是Wesley没有危险意识，也不理解移动的汽车意味着什么。A. choice选择；B. circumstances情况；C. challenge挑战；D. puzzle疑问。根据句子中“didn't figure out what a moving car meant(不理解移动的汽车意味着什么)”可以推断，这是我们的挑战。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们最大的挑战之一是Wesley没有危险意识，也不理解移动的汽车意味着什么。A. figure out解决，算出，理解；B. think of记起，考虑；C. find out找出；D. give away赠送，泄露。Wesley没有危险感，也不理解正在行驶的汽车意味着什么。这里指他不懂，不知道。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很害怕他被车撞了。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. terrified恐惧的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据下文“he would get hit by a car(他被车撞了)”可推断，我很害怕这件事发生。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Josie能够安全地将他和我们保持在人行道上。A. calmly冷静地；B. silently默默地；C. eagerly急切地；D. safely安全地。句子中提到了“幸运的是”，所以后面应该是我们是安全的在人行道上。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：甚至是每天走到公交车站，也为Wesley提供了一个社交的机会。A. even甚至；B. yet还；C. ever曾经；D. still仍然。根据这句话中前后两个分句的逻辑关系可推断，这里指是甚至是步行到公交车站这个小事也能让Wesley进行社交。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们围着他问关于Josie的问题，我们在家里练习他的回答，这样他在公共场合说话就更自如了。A. tips建议；B. question问题；C. announcement宣告；D. information信息。根据下文“we practice his answers at home(我们在家里练习他的回答)”可知，孩子们带着问题围着他。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：孩子们围着他问关于Josie的问题，我们在家里练习他的回答，这样他在公共场合说话就更自如了。A. in private私下地；B. in advance提前；C. in public公开地；D. in detail详细地。根据句子中“we practice his answers at home(我们在家里练习他的回答)”可知，我们在家中练习他的回答，所以他在公开场合(in public)更自在地交谈。选择与“家”相对的词。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给的词的正确形式填空。
Are we coming into an age ___36___ seeing isn’t believing? Recently a “face-changing” technology, better known as Deepfakes, has made its way to our lives. Deepfakes are most commonly created with ___37___ AI software called Fake App, a free app. The ___38___ (apply) of this app can create fake videos that look real, which makes it difficult ___39___(identify) who is actually playing in the videos.
The new technology greatly caters to various ___40___ (need) of those working in medium studios. After being ___41___(digital) processed with the technology, a video can take on different forms, which certainly save them lots of time and production costs. John Knoll, CEO of ILM, tells Hollywood Reporter, “The techniques we used before were expensive. It is great to have a new technology that allows us to make better videos with less money.”
However, some people show their disapproval of ____42____(abuse) the technology. The moral problems caused by the new technology ___43___(bring) more and more worries so far. Hany Farid, a computer science professor at Dartmouth College told Wall Street Journal, “We are robbing people ____44____ their portrait right.” He strongly suggests that such a technology should be stopped in ____45____ (it) tracks.
【答案】36. when
37. an 38. application
39. to identify
40. needs 41. digitally
42. abusing
43. have brought
44. of 45. its
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是一种被称为Deepfakes的“变脸”技术进入了我们的生活，也讲述了人们对这种技术的评价。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们是不是进入了眼见不为实的时代？分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词age表时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：Deepfakes最常用的是一款名为Fake App的人工智能软件，这是一款免费应用。software是可数名词，此处表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，AI是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：这款应用程序可以制作看起来很真实的假视频，这使得人们很难识别视频中到底是谁在玩。空格处用名词作主语，根据语境可知，此处是指“这款应用程序可以制作看起来很真实的假视频”，空格处意为“应用”，名词是application，故填application。
【39题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这款应用程序可以制作看起来很真实的假视频，这使得人们很难识别视频中到底是谁在玩。make it difficult to do是固定短语，意为“使做某事变得困难”，其中it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，因此空格处用不定式to identify，故填to identify。
【40题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：这种新技术极大地满足了那些在中型工作室工作的人的各种需求。根据语境可知，句子表示“这种新技术极大地满足了那些在中型工作室工作的人的各种需求”，need作名词，意为“需求”，various后跟名词的复数needs，故填needs。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：在用这种技术进行数字处理后，视频可以呈现出不同的形式，这无疑为他们节省了大量的时间和制作成本。空格处用副词digitally修饰动词processed，digitally意为“数码地，数字地”，故填digitally。
【42题详解】
考查动名词。句意：然而，一些人表示他们不赞成滥用这项技术。空格处用动名词abusing作介词of的宾语，故填abusing。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，新技术带来的道德问题已经带来了越来越多的担忧。根据“so far”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语problems是复数，因此空格处是have brought。故填have brought。
【44题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我们正在剥夺人们的肖像权。rob sb. of sth.是固定短语，意为“剥夺某人的某物”，因此空格处是介词of，故填of。
【45题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：他强烈建议应该阻止这种技术的发展。根据语境可知，句子表示“他强烈建议应该阻止这种技术的发展”，tracks和it之间是所属关系，空格处意为“它的”，用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词tracks，故填its。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的笔友Chris在杂志上看到： 鲁迅说过，读红楼梦“其要点在敢于如实描写，并无讳饰，和从前的小说叙好人完全是好，坏人完全是坏的，大不相同”，对《红楼梦》很感兴趣，他来信向你了解《红楼梦》。请给他写一封回信。
注意：1． 词数100左右; 2． 注意信件格式;
3． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
4．参考词汇：《红楼梦》:A Dream of Red Mansions．
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Chris,
I am very glad to hear that you are interested in the Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber.
"A dream of Red Mansions" is one of the four great classics of our country, its author is Cao Xueqin, "A dream of Red Mansions" wrote after Cao Xueqin's family came down and out. A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, showing the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflecting all the state of the world and the people of the world. Through rich imagination, delicate emotional description and precise control of human nature, the author presents a real objective world to the readers, as if people and things are really happening around him.
I hope that through my introduction, you have a better understanding of the dream of Red Mansions.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你的笔友Chris在杂志上看到： 鲁迅说过，读红楼梦“其要点在敢于如实描写，并无讳饰，和从前的小说叙好人完全是好，坏人完全是坏的，大不相同”，对《红楼梦》很感兴趣，他来信向你了解《红楼梦》。请给他写一封回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
诚挚地：sincerely→genuinely
对……感兴趣：be interested in→show/take/have interest in
精确的：precise→exact
发生：happen→ take place
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, showing the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflecting all the state of the world and the people of the world.
拓展句：A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, which shows the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflects all the state of the world and the people of the world.
【点睛】【高分句型1】A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, showing the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflecting all the state of the world and the people of the world.（运用了现在分词作伴随状语）
【高分句型2】Through rich imagination, delicate emotional description and precise control of human nature, the author presents a real objective world to the readers, as if people and things are really happening around him.（运用了as if引导的方式状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We had just relocated to Germany and moved into a big and old country house with a mysterious abandoned wine cellars (地窖), which my husband warned me many times not to explore without him. After settling down, we began slowly releasing our large family of rescue cats and dogs into the woods behind our house so that they could get used to the area and venture out on their own. So, it wasn’t long before we gained a reputation for having lots of rescue animals with us in the neighborhood.
One day, the doorbell rang and I was sure some of my Christmas packages had arrived. I ran to the door and swung it open, but no one was there. I sensed something and looked down, only to find a beautiful calico (有斑点的) kitten sitting there, looking up at me with big, intelligent eyes. There was no way that she could have rung the doorbell by herself, was there? Were my new neighbors playing tricks on me? Perhaps, someone had found the kitten somewhere and left her there, and then rang the doorbell and ran away. They accurately guessed we would welcome an additional family member and take care of her.
My husband called her our little angel, so we named her Angelica accordingly. It seemed as if she was always meant to be in this big family and she turned out to be a perfect companion. Always by my side, she was more like a puppy than a kitten. Wise beyond her years, she enjoyed exploring through the mysterious house as much as I did, but with much less fear. Angelica was courageous.
So, I decided to be brave, too. I had promised my husband that I wouldn’t explore dangerous areas unless he or someone else was around, but he was away on a business trip for a week and I figured that Angelica would count as my companion. I was ready to explore the cellar, and so was she.
The only way in was through a hatch (盖子) that was partially hidden by the grass that covered it, then down a shaky ladder to its dark depths, probably twelve feet deep. I equipped myself with a good flashlight and warm clothes. Angelica sat on the edge and watched me carefully start down the ladder. Suddenly, there was a crash at the foot.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
I woke up with a splitting headache and pieces of the broken ladder lying around me on the stone cellar floor.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Angelica could sense my dilemma.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I woke up with a splitting headache and pieces of the broken ladder lying around me on the stone cellar floor. My fashlight was in pieces and my arms were hurt badly. By no means could I pull myself out of this deep cellar. I felt desperate. Just as I was wondering what to do next, I suddenly caught sight of a hairy, round object that began squeaking at me. It turned out to be Angelica, who was looking down at me from above.
Angelica could sense my dilemma. She wandered anxiously around the edge, seemingly knowing I needed help. Supposing Angelica my last hope, I tried to instruct her to find my neighbors to rescue me. Miraculously, she responded me with a soft meow and walked away. Around 10 minutes later, Angelica appeared again, accompanied by one of my neighbors, who finally managed to help me out. Afer this brave exploration, I no longer wondered if it was Angelica herself who rang the doorbell that fateful day. Angelica was indeed our family’s angel!
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者夫妇刚搬到德国一所又大又旧的乡村房子，里面有一个神秘的废弃酒窖，作者丈夫叮嘱作者不要在他不在的时候去探索酒窖，有一天，门铃响了，作者看见一只狗在门口，作者觉得不是它自己按的门铃，作者收养了这只狗，给她取名Angelica ，作者觉得Angelica很勇敢，自己也应该像她一样勇敢，于是作者从梯子下到酒窖准备探索，但是梯子突然塌了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我醒来时头痛欲裂，地下室的石头地板上到处都是破碎的梯子碎片。”可知，第一段可描写作者醒来后的感受。
②由第二段首句内容“Angelica能感觉到我的困境。”可知，第二段可描写Angelica如何解救作者。
2.续写线索：作者感觉自己出不去了——感到绝望——看见Angelica——Angelica徘徊——指示Angelica去叫人来——Angelica带来邻居——作者得救——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①看见：catch sight of/catch a vision of/spot
②指示：instruct sb. to do/direct sb. to do sth
③帮助某人出困境：help sb. out/rescue sb. out
情绪类
①绝望：feel desperate/feel hopeless
②焦虑地：anxiously/worriedly
【点睛】[高分句型1] It turned out to be Angelica, who was looking down at me from above. (由关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Around 10 minutes later, Angelica appeared again, accompanied by one of my neighbors, who finally managed to help me out. (由关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句)
听力答案：1—5 ABCAC 6—10 ABACA 11-15 BCABC 16—20 BBABC
2022-2023学年度下学期泉州市高中适应性英语练习
高 一 英 语
2023.05
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生须在试题卷、答题卡规定的位置填写自己的准考证号、姓名。考生应认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束，考生须将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. What event are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Snowboarding. B. Figure skating. C. Speed skating.
2. Where are the speakers?
A. In a department store. B. At a restaurant. C. At the booking office.
3. What does the woman think of the presentation?
A. Informative(提供有用信息的) B. Unique(独特的) C. Convincing(令人信服的)
4. How much will the woman pay for the bills?
A. $15. B. $20. C. $25.
5. What will the woman do?
A. Visit the national gallery(美术馆).
B. Go to the dentist.
C. Have her car repaired(修理).
第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What can we learn about the woman?
A. She likes playing badminton.
B. She is a good swimmer.
C. She is on a diet.
7 What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Workmates. B. A couple. C. Coach and player.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does the man talk to the woman?
A. To seek tips on using the bus system.
B. To make a plan touring around Chicago.
C. To reserve a visit to the Modern Art Museum.
9. Who is the woman?
A. A tourist guide. B. A bus driver. C. A ticket seller.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Which of the following is Linda’s job?
A. Wrapping(包裹)fruit. B. Cleaning houses. C. Pulling weeds(拔草).
11. How does the woman find her part-time job?
A. Boring. B. Meaningful C. Enviable(令人羡慕的).
12. When will the man plant trees for his neighbours?
A. This morning. B. This weekend. C. This afternoon.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing?
A. Conducting an interview.
B. Hosting a workshop.
C. Attending a lecture.
14. Why did Gigi start the project?
A. To show respect to retired teachers.
B. To make retired teachers available to kids.
C. To improve teaching environment for schools.
15. What should students do at the end of each session?
A. Raise questions. B. Change groups. C. Give presentations(演示).
16. What is a challenge for Gigi’s work?
A. Language barrier(障碍). B. Network crash(崩溃). C. Staff (人员) shortage.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What do we know about Linda?
A. She taught nursing.
B. She lacked company.
C. She set up the program.
18. What made Linda and Jessy form a pair?
A. Their common interest.
B. Their work experiences.
C. Their education backgrounds.
19. How do the high school students help elderly people?
A. By reading stories.
B. By chatting with them.
C. By designing educational programs
20. What can we say about the program?
A. It is a fortune-making(发财) project.
B. It needs further improvements.
C. It is a win-win practice.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Earthwatch expeditions pair researchers with volunteers to address some of the world’s most pressing environmental challenges. Explore our current expeditions to discover how you can make a difference.
Climate Change at the Arctie’s Edge
Northern ecosystems are being transformed by climate change. Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic and the rest of the world.
Location: Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Research Station; Internet access
Food: buffet-style meals; Special diets accommodated
Amazon Riverboat Exploration
Aboard a riverboat deep in the heart of Peru’s flooded Amazon region, you’ll help to conserve river dolphins and monkeys, and protect the fragile South American wilderness.
Location: Samiria River, Peru
Activity Level: Very Active
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible
Food: Chef-prepared meals
Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa
Rhinos are believed to play an important role as “ecosystem engineers”. Help scientists to understand their impact on the environment to help conserve and manage rhinos in South Africa.
Location: Northwest Province, South Africa
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Double Rooms possible; Wilderness Camp
Food: Chef-prepared meals; Special diets accommodated
Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico
Assist researchers in collecting data on water quality and land use in an ancient agricultural ecosystem within the wetlands of Xochimilco.
Location: Xochimilco, Mexico
Activity Level: Easy
Accommodations: Double Rooms possible; House Internet access
Food: Chef-prepared meals
1. What are the volunteers required to do in Canada?
A. Collect data on water quality. B. Observe Arctic’s climate change.
C. Change northern ecosystem. D. Rebuild the flooded region.
2. What do the expeditions in Peru and South Africa have in common?
A. Wildlife protection. B. Water activities.
C. Various accommodations. D. Independent research.
3. Which expedition is suitable for a beginner volunteer?
A. Amazon Riverboat Exploration.
B. Climate Change at the Arctic’s Edge.
C. Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa.
D. Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。地球观察将研究人员与志愿者配对，以解决世界上一些最紧迫的环境挑战。文章介绍了几项志愿者探险活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Climate Change at the Arctie’s Edge部分中的“Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic and the rest of the world.(加入这项长期监测工作，探索这些变化对北极和世界其他地区意味着什么。)”可知，在加拿大，志愿者需要观察北极的气候变化。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Amazon Riverboat Exploration部分中的“Aboard a riverboat deep in the heart of Peru’s flooded Amazon region, you’ll help to conserve river dolphins and monkeys, and protect the fragile South American wilderness.(在秘鲁被洪水淹没的亚马逊地区的中心地带，您将帮助保护河豚和猴子，并保护脆弱的南美荒野。)”和Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa部分中的“Rhinos are believed to play an important role as “ecosystem engineers”. Help scientists to understand their impact on the environment to help conserve and manage rhinos in South Africa.(犀牛被认为扮演着“生态系统工程师”的重要角色。帮助科学家了解它们对环境的影响，以帮助保护和管理南非的犀牛。)”可知，秘鲁和南非的探险的共同之处是野生动物保护。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico部分中的“Activity Level: Easy(活动级别：简单)”可知，适合初学志愿者的是“保护湿地与墨西哥传统农业”探险活动。故选D。
B
Standing in my office 25 years ago was a young astronomer. She had an incredible request that my team revise our software to do something beyond our design, and risk breaking it. All to carry out a seemingly impossible experiment — to prove that a massive black hole existed in our Milky Way. My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but unshakable determination. It was my first encounter with Andrea Ghez, one of the winners of Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.
For 25 years Andrea has been searching for evidence of a black hole at the heart of our galaxy. But the work has been defined by technology. Scientific equipment was never designed to meet Andrea's need — analyzing the image data at superspeed. But she was not to give in and our team just made the changes. And it worked! It was extremely hard and time-consuming, but Andrea persisted. Out of that effort came the first evidence of stars orbiting a black hole.
Andrea is fond of owing her success to the interaction between astronomers and engineers responding to the challenge. Science questions generate new technology and new technology generates new science. Andrea has always pioneered in this virtuous cycle (良性循环). She created UCLA Galactic Centre to promote research and technical developments.
Today, Andrea received the highest scientific recognition. But as she would be the very first to knowledge, this success represents the combined efforts of so many. From the theoretical prediction Albert Einstein, through the amazing telescopes and observatory locations, to the technical workers it is the product of thousands.
But in my eyes, it was just one person that had the persistence and focus to make the idea happen that person is my friend and longtime colleague the one who refused to take "no" for an answer Andrea Ghez.
4. Why did Andrea Ghez pay the first visit to the author?
A. To appreciate a software design. B. To demand a software revision.
C. To conduct an astronomy research. D. To promote a high-tech product.
5. What has Andrea Ghez been persisting in?
A. Carrying out outer space experiment. B. Developing superspeed equipment.
C. Looking for evidence of a black hole. D. Searching for new stars in the galaxy.
6. Which of the following best describes Andrea Ghezi?
A. Pioneering and appreciative. B. Artistic and reserved.
C. Determined and disciplined. D. Innovative and controlling.
7. What does the author think of Andrea Ghez?
A. Average B. Fashionable.
C. Troublesome. D. Admirable.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述获得2020年诺贝尔物理学奖的Andrea Ghez在研究道路上孜孜不倦和坚持不懈的精神。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“Standing in my office 25 years ago was a young astronomer. She had an incredible request that my team revise our software to do something beyond our design, and risk breaking it. ”（25年前，站在我办公室的是一位年轻的天文学家。她提出了一个令人难以置信的要求，要求我的团队修改我们的软件，以完成我们设计之外的事情，并冒着破坏它的风险。）可知，第一次Andrea Ghez拜访作者是要求作者修改软件。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“For 25 years Andrea has been searching for evidence of a black hole at the heart of our galaxy. ”（Andrea Ghez在25年来一直在寻找银河系中心存在黑洞的证据。）可知，Andrea Ghez坚信银河系有黑洞并在找证据。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“My initial "no way" gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but unshakable determination.”（面对她欢快但不可动摇的决心，我最初的“不可能”渐渐让步了。）；第二段“ But she was not to give in and our team just made the changes. ”（但她并没有屈服，我们的团队只是做出了改变。）可知她是一个有决心，意志坚定的人。且由文章第二段“Scientific equipment was never designed to meet Andrea's need—analyzing the image data at superspeed. But she was not to give in and our team just made the changes. And it worked! It was extremely hard and time-consuming, but Andrea persisted.”（科学设备的设计从来没有满足安德里亚以超高速分析图像数据的需要。但她并没有屈服，我们的团队只是做出了改变。成功了！这是非常困难和耗时的，但Andrea坚持下去。）可知，她升级科学设备来证明她的理论，是严格遵守科研纪律的人。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“But in my eyes, it was just one person that had the persistence and focus to make the idea happen that person is my friend and longtime colleague the one who refused to take "no" for an answer Andrea Ghez.”（但在我看来，只有一个人有毅力和专注力让这个想法成为现实，这个人就是我的朋友和老同事，就是那个拒绝接受“不”回答的人Andrea Ghez。）可知，作者把Andrea Ghez当做朋友，言语中透露出对她的敬佩之情。故选D项。
C
Now, an increasing number of cities are suspending recycling services, partly out of fear that workers might contact the coronavirus from one another while sorting through used water bottles, food containers and boxes. One solution: Let robots do the job.
Since the coronavirus took hold in the United States last month, AMP Robotics has seen a “significant” increase in orders for its robots that use artificial intelligence to sort through recycled material, and weed out trash. Some facilities that were looking at getting one or two robots are now saying. “We need quite a bit more.” The Colorado company’s chief executive, Matanya Horowitz said , “It’s all moving quite fast.”
Before the pandemic, automation had been gradually replacing human work in a range of jobs, from call centers to warehouses and grocery stores, as companies looked to cut labor costs and improve profit.
But labor and robotics experts say social-distancing directives, which are likely to continue in some form after the crisis become less strong, could cause more industries to accelerate their use of automation. And long-lasting worries about job losses or a broad unease about having machines control vital aspects of daily life could disappear as society sees the benefits of restructuring workplaces in ways that minimize close human contact.
Recycling is one industry that may be altered permanently by the pandemic. Some workers, who earn as little as $10 an hour, have been concerned about coming to work during the crisis and some cities have been competing to find enough protective gear (防护装备) for all of their employees. Federal health officials have assured them that the risks of transmission from household refuse is low. But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side sorting material, making social distancing difficult
At AMP Robotics, executives like Mr. Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling facilities to space out their employees. who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used plastic and paper.
8. The underlined word “suspend” in paragraph 1 most probably means ________ .
A. admit B. adopt C. delay D. advocate
9. How do people feel about automation after the pandemic?
A. Panicked. B. Worried. C. Unconcerned. D. Appreciative.
10. In which aspect will robots help most in recycling industry?
A. Sorting out recycled material. B. Producing enough protective gear.
C. Replacing the jobs of cheap labor. D. Minimizing close human contact
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. Robots cause severe unemployment. B. Pandemic accelerates automation.
C. Recycling industry is changing D. Social distancing is still important.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肆虐的疫情加速了自动化的发展，智能机器人开始代替人类从事垃圾回收工作。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“partly out of fear that workers might contact the coronavirus from one another while sorting through used water bottles”可知，因为担心工人在整理用过的水瓶、食品容器和盒子时可能会彼此接触到冠状病毒，所以越来越多的城市推迟了回收服务。由此推知，划线词与delay“推迟”意思接近。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“And long-lasting worries about job losses or a broad unease about having machines control vital aspects of daily life could disappear as society sees the benefits of restructuring workplaces in ways that minimize close human contact.(随着社会意识到以减少人类密切接触的方式重组工作场所的好处，对失业的长期担忧或对机器控制日常生活重要方面的普遍不安可能会消失)”可推断，疫情过后人们在看待机器人代替人工处理工作这件事的态度发生了改变，即人们对自动化是赞赏的。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side sorting material, making social distancing difficult.(但回收设施的工作人员经常肩并肩地整理材料，这使得保持社交距离变得困难)”以及最后一段“At AMP Robotics, executives like Mr. Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling facilities to space out their employees, who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used plastic and paper.(在AMP Robotics公司，霍洛维茨等高管表示，他们的机器人将帮助回收机构将站在传送带上清理用过的塑料和纸张的员工分隔开来)”可知，机器人保证了工人之间的社交距离，极大地降低了感染病毒的风险。由此可推断，回收产业的机器人在减少人与人之间的密切接触方面的帮助最大。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第四段“But labor and robotics experts say social-distancing directives, which are likely to continue in some form after the crisis become less strong, could cause more industries to accelerate their use of automation.(但劳工和机器人专家表示，社交距离指令可能会导致更多行业加速使用自动化。在危机减弱后，这种指令可能会以某种形式继续下去)”可知，文章介绍了自美国疫情肆虐以来，为降低工人感染病毒风险，很多城市不得不暂停了垃圾回收服务。然而，与此同时，AMP Robotics公司智能机器人的订单数量却有了显著增长，这家公司生产的智能机器人可以帮助回收材料，并清除垃圾。因此，很多行业都加速了他们应用自动化的进程。由此可知，文章主要介绍疫情加速了自动化发展。故选B。
D
Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative, fail, and learn by chance. This aspect is similar to art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas about how to increase creative freedom.
“Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable. They both provide a perspective on reality,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold in an unpredictable way.”
“Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”
“As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize(可视化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project in which Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, professor of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular(分子的)sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force.
What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are doubted if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result.”
12. What might be the “popular opinion” about the scientific discovery?
A. It is creative. B. It can be accidental.
C. It allows failures. D. It is predictable.
13. In Dolf Weijers’s view, the artistic process_________.
A. totally differs from the scientific one
B. normally looks formal and controlled
C. offers inspiration for scientific research
D. focuses on putting the messy in order
14. Why does the author mention Dolf Weijers’s research on plant cells?
A. To prove that science can be visualized like art.
B. To stress that understanding science is difficult.
C. To show the value of his scientific achievements.
D. To tell obvious differences between science and art.
15. What does Dolf Weijers say about scientific studies?
A. They have little to do with the discoveries.
B. Their process should be more open to people.
C. They always present unchanged final results.
D. Their focus is not the process but the result.
【答案】12 D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了艺术创作和科学研究之间的关系。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process(与“流行的观点”相反，对知识的科学追求不是一个可预测的过程)”可知，流行的观点认为科学发现是可预测的。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”(“科学家可以从艺术家那里学到很多东西，”Weijers说。“联想和创造力是艺术的核心。这些方面在科学中需要更多的关注，因为创造过程是科学的关键。”)”可知，创造过程是科学的关键，而创造力又是艺术的核心。由此可知，艺术过程可以为科学研究提供创造力，激发科学研究的进行。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的““As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize(可视化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project…measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force(“作为一名科学家，你使用不同的方法，但它同样是关于你如何将你对现实的理解和其中的联系形象化。这有时就像艺术一样视觉化，”Weijers说。一个例子是最近Weijers和他的同事，物理化学和软物质教授Joris Sprakel测量了作用在植物细胞上的力。一个分子传感器被用来可视化不同的力。他们用彩色图像展示了结果，每张图像代表一种不同的力)”可知，作者通过提及植物细胞的例子来证明该段开头提到的理论：科学可以像艺术一样被视觉化。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result(Weijers说：“它经常造成错误的印象，因为只呈现科学研究的结果，人们对导致发现的过程没有任何洞察力。我们科学家在未来一段时间能做到的是为人们提供更多关注这一过程的机会。就我个人而言，我认为与艺术的联系有助于引导人们关注过程而不是结果”)可知，Weijers认为，应该给人们提供更多关注研究发现过程的机会，让人们更多的了解科学发现的过程。故选B。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why barbecue tastes so good? The mere thought of barbecue’s smokey smell and fascinating flavors is enough to get most mouths watering. Summer is here, and that means it is barbecue season. Cooking on a grill may seem simple. ____16____
Cooking with fire
When you cook meat at higher temperatures-like over direct heat on a barbecue-the first thing to happen is that water near the meat’s surface boils off. ____17____This reaction produces a complex mixture of molecules (分子) that make food taste more delicious or “meaty” and adds depth to smell and flavors.
____18____Barbecuing allows the water to evaporate (蒸发) or drip down. This keeps the vegetables from becoming soft and wet and promotes caramelization (焦糖) reactions. These reactions turn carbohydrates and sugars into smaller compounds with nutty, meaty and caramel-like flavors.
Burnt smell and crisp
Another feature of barbecued food is the unique burnt smell it develops. When foods are exposed to heat for lengthened periods of time, non-carbon atoms in the food break down, leaving behind the crispy, black carbon. This is the process of burning. ____19____But a little bit of crispy burnt flavor can add such depth to foods. Cooking over the direct heat of a barbecue allows you to add just the amount of burnt flavor to match your taste.
Smokey flavors
The final typical barbecue flavor is smokiness. Food is particularly good at taking on smokey flavors because of fats and water. ____20____In chemistry terms, fats are non-polar-meaning they can easily grab other non-polar molecules. Water is polar and is good at combining other polar molecules. One way to use chemistry to make food more smokey is to periodically water it properly during the barbecuing process.
A A similar process occurs with vegetables.
B. Each combines different types of molecules.
C. As for vegetables, things become totally different.
D. Almost no one likes a completely burnt piece of meat.
E. But there is lots of chemistry that results in such a delicious experience.
F. Smoke is made up of gases, water vapor and small solid particles from the fuel.
G. Once the surface is dry, the proteins and sugars experience the Maillard Reaction.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。夏天是烧烤的季节，文章主要介绍了美味的烧烤食品的特点。
【16题详解】
根据前文“The mere thought of barbecue’s smokey smell and fascinating flavors is enough to get most mouths watering. ”（一想到烧烤的烟熏味和迷人的味道，大多数人就会流口水）可知，吃烧烤是一种美味的体验；选项E. But there is lots of chemistry that results in such a delicious experience.（但有很多化学反应导致了如此美味的体验）中的“such a delicious experience”与此相对应，指的是吃烧烤的体验；且选项上一句“Cooking on a grill may seem simple.”（在烤架上做饭似乎很简单）构成转折关系，承接上文。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据下文“This reaction produces a complex mixture of molecules (分子) that make food taste more delicious or “meaty” and adds depth to smell and flavors.”（这种反应会产生一种复杂的分子混合物，使食物尝起来更美味或更“有肉”，并增加气味和味道的深度）推知，空处提到了一种化学反应，而正是这种化学反应让食物更美味。选项G. Once the surface is dry, the proteins and sugars experience the Maillard Reaction.（一旦表面干燥，蛋白质和糖就会发生Maillard反应）符合语境。故选G。
18题详解】
上文陈述了烤肉时美味是如何产生的，结合下文“Barbecuing allows the water to evaporate (蒸发) or drip down. This keeps the vegetables from becoming soft and wet and promotes caramelization (焦糖) reactions. ”（烧烤会让水蒸发或滴下来，它能防止蔬菜变软变湿，还能促进焦糖反应）推知，烤蔬菜和烤肉是不一样的。选项C. As for vegetables, things become totally different.（至于蔬菜，情况就完全不同了）符合题意。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Another feature of barbecued food is the unique burnt smell it develops. ”（烧烤食品的另一个特点是它散发出独特的烧焦味）和“This is the process of burning.”（这是烧制的过程）可知，前文描述了带有烧焦味烧烤食品的烤制过程；下文“But a little bit of crispy burnt flavor can add such depth to foods.”（但一点点酥脆的焦香可以让食物更有深度）提到了带有烧焦味食品的优点，根据转折词“But”可知，空处应该是表达烧焦味食品的不足，选项D. Almost no one likes a completely burnt piece of meat.（几乎没有人喜欢一块完全烧焦的肉）符合语意，承接上文，衔接下文。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据本段的小标题“Smokey flavors”（烟熏味）和上文“The final typical barbecue flavor is smokiness. Food is particularly good at taking on smokey flavors because of fats and water.”（最后一种典型的烧烤味道是烟熏味。由于脂肪和水的存在，食物特别善于吸收烟熏味）可知，空处应接续陈述有关烟熏味的内容。F. Smoke is made up of gases, water vapor and small solid particles from the fuel.（烟是由气体、水蒸气和来自燃料的小固体颗粒组成的）符合题意。故选F。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We had our son Wesley checked out because of his indifference to communicate with people. To our ____21____, he was diagnosed with autism (自闭症).
Out of everything the doctor had said, the only word I could ____22____ was socialization — key for Wesley to develop ____23____ skills. The instant we got on the car, we desperately (拼命地) brainstormed ways to make his world more social. It suddenly ____24____ me that we were in need of a dog. Soon, we brought the dog Josie home. Wesley didn’t seem that ____25____ her, no matter how adorable (可爱的) she was. But then I began to catch Wesley petting her when he thought no one was looking.
Four months after we’d gotten Josie, I ____26____ the two of them out for a long play. By the end, they were both ____27____. As soon as I put Wesley in his car seat, he fell asleep, with Josie ____28____ her head on his shoulder. That's when I knew they had finally bonded.
One of our biggest ____29____ was that Wesley had no sense of danger and didn’t _____30_____ what a moving car meant. He would dart (猛冲) out in the street. I was _____31_____ he would get hit by a car. Luckily, Josie was able to _____32_____ keep him on the sidewalk. Besides, the best thing about having a dog is that kids come to you. _____33_____ the daily walk to the bus stop provides an opportunity for Wesley to socialize. Kids surround him with _____34_____ about Josie and we practice his answers at home so he is more comfortable talking _____35_____ . I finally learned how to make peace with autism.
21. A. regret B. shame C. sorrow D. shock
22. A. remember B. appreciate C. ignore D. forget
23. A. listening B. reading C. practical D. social
24. A. convinced B. struck C. impressed D. informed
25. A. confused about B. proud of C. interested in D. bored with
26. A. took B. sent C. dragged D. carried
27. A. relieved B. delighted C. satisfied D. exhausted
28. A. lowering B. leaning C. surrounding D. pressing
29. A. choices B. circumstances C. challenges D. puzzles
30. A. figure out B. think of C. find out D. give away
31. A. embarrassed B. terrified C. depressed D. annoyed
32. A. calmly B. silently C. eagerly D. safely
33. A. Even B. Yet C. Ever D. Still
34. A. tips B. questions C. announcement D. information
35. A. in private B. in advance C. in public D. in detail
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了有自闭症的Wesley在小狗Josie的帮助下慢慢变得开朗的故事。
21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我们难过的是，他被诊断为自闭症。A. regret遗憾；B. shame羞耻；C. sorrow悲伤；D. shock惊讶。根据句中“he was diagnosed with autism.(诊断出自闭症)”可推断，这让我们悲伤。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在医生所说的一切中，我唯一记得的词是社交——这是Wesley发展社交技能的关键。A. remember记得；B. appreciate感谢；C. ignore无视；D. forget忘记。句子是过去时态，由此可知，此处是医生之前说的，那么现在我应该是记得的东西。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医生所说的一切中，我唯一记得的词是社交——这是Wesley发展社交技能的关键。A. listening听；B. reading阅读；C. practical实际的；D. social社交的。根据“socialization(社交)”可推断，这里是社交技能。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然意识到，我们需要一只狗。A. convince说服；B. strike撞击，打，罢工，突然想；C. impress给人印象；D. inform通知。句子中“we were in need of a dog(我们需要一只狗)”与前面无关，且紧接着又提到了狗，所以这里是突然想到我们需要一只狗。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Wesley似乎对她不太感兴趣，无论小狗有多可爱。A. confused about对……迷惑；B. proud of骄傲；C. interested in对……有兴趣；D. bored with对……厌倦。根据“no matter how adorable (可爱的) she was”可推断，无论小狗有多可爱，但是Wesley不感兴趣。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们得到Josie的四个月后，我带他们两个出去玩了很久。A. take拿，带去；B. sent送；C. drag拖拉；D. carry携带。带一人一狗出去玩，用到的动词是“take(带)”。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到最后，他们俩都累坏了。A. relieved感到宽慰的；B. delighted高兴的；C. satisfied满意的；D. exhausted精疲力尽的。根据第6题可推断，我带着一人一狗出去玩，最后他们都累坏了。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一把Wesley放在他的汽车座椅上，他就睡着了，Josie把头靠在他的肩膀上。A. lower放低；B. lean倾斜，依靠；C. surround环绕，围绕；D. press压。根据句子中“her head on his shoulder (她的头在他的肩膀上)”可推断，Wesley睡着了， Josie将头靠在Wesley的肩膀上。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们最大的挑战之一是Wesley没有危险意识，也不理解移动的汽车意味着什么。A. choice选择；B. circumstances情况；C. challenge挑战；D. puzzle疑问。根据句子中“didn't figure out what a moving car meant(不理解移动的汽车意味着什么)”可以推断，这是我们的挑战。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们最大的挑战之一是Wesley没有危险意识，也不理解移动的汽车意味着什么。A. figure out解决，算出，理解；B. think of记起，考虑；C. find out找出；D. give away赠送，泄露。Wesley没有危险感，也不理解正在行驶的汽车意味着什么。这里指他不懂，不知道。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很害怕他被车撞了。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. terrified恐惧的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据下文“he would get hit by a car(他被车撞了)”可推断，我很害怕这件事发生。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Josie能够安全地将他和我们保持在人行道上。A. calmly冷静地；B. silently默默地；C. eagerly急切地；D. safely安全地。句子中提到了“幸运的是”，所以后面应该是我们是安全的在人行道上。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：甚至是每天走到公交车站，也为Wesley提供了一个社交的机会。A. even甚至；B. yet还；C. ever曾经；D. still仍然。根据这句话中前后两个分句的逻辑关系可推断，这里指是甚至是步行到公交车站这个小事也能让Wesley进行社交。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们围着他问关于Josie的问题，我们在家里练习他的回答，这样他在公共场合说话就更自如了。A. tips建议；B. question问题；C. announcement宣告；D. information信息。根据下文“we practice his answers at home(我们在家里练习他的回答)”可知，孩子们带着问题围着他。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：孩子们围着他问关于Josie的问题，我们在家里练习他的回答，这样他在公共场合说话就更自如了。A. in private私下地；B. in advance提前；C. in public公开地；D. in detail详细地。根据句子中“we practice his answers at home(我们在家里练习他的回答)”可知，我们在家中练习他的回答，所以他在公开场合(in public)更自在地交谈。选择与“家”相对的词。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给的词的正确形式填空。
Are we coming into an age ___36___ seeing isn’t believing? Recently a “face-changing” technology, better known as Deepfakes, has made its way to our lives. Deepfakes are most commonly created with ___37___ AI software called Fake App, a free app. The ___38___ (apply) of this app can create fake videos that look real, which makes it difficult ___39___(identify) who is actually playing in the videos.
The new technology greatly caters to various ___40___ (need) of those working in medium studios. After being ___41___(digital) processed with the technology, a video can take on different forms, which certainly save them lots of time and production costs. John Knoll, CEO of ILM, tells Hollywood Reporter, “The techniques we used before were expensive. It is great to have a new technology that allows us to make better videos with less money.”
However, some people show their disapproval of ____42____(abuse) the technology. The moral problems caused by the new technology ___43___(bring) more and more worries so far. Hany Farid, a computer science professor at Dartmouth College told Wall Street Journal, “We are robbing people ____44____ their portrait right.” He strongly suggests that such a technology should be stopped in ____45____ (it) tracks.
【答案】36. when
37. an 38. application
39. to identify
40. needs 41. digitally
42. abusing
43. have brought
44. of 45. its
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是一种被称为Deepfakes的“变脸”技术进入了我们的生活，也讲述了人们对这种技术的评价。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们是不是进入了眼见不为实的时代？分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词age表时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：Deepfakes最常用的是一款名为Fake App的人工智能软件，这是一款免费应用。software是可数名词，此处表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，AI是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：这款应用程序可以制作看起来很真实的假视频，这使得人们很难识别视频中到底是谁在玩。空格处用名词作主语，根据语境可知，此处是指“这款应用程序可以制作看起来很真实的假视频”，空格处意为“应用”，名词是application，故填application。
【39题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这款应用程序可以制作看起来很真实的假视频，这使得人们很难识别视频中到底是谁在玩。make it difficult to do是固定短语，意为“使做某事变得困难”，其中it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，因此空格处用不定式to identify，故填to identify。
【40题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：这种新技术极大地满足了那些在中型工作室工作的人的各种需求。根据语境可知，句子表示“这种新技术极大地满足了那些在中型工作室工作的人的各种需求”，need作名词，意为“需求”，various后跟名词的复数needs，故填needs。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：在用这种技术进行数字处理后，视频可以呈现出不同的形式，这无疑为他们节省了大量的时间和制作成本。空格处用副词digitally修饰动词processed，digitally意为“数码地，数字地”，故填digitally。
【42题详解】
考查动名词。句意：然而，一些人表示他们不赞成滥用这项技术。空格处用动名词abusing作介词of的宾语，故填abusing。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，新技术带来的道德问题已经带来了越来越多的担忧。根据“so far”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语problems是复数，因此空格处是have brought。故填have brought。
【44题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我们正在剥夺人们的肖像权。rob sb. of sth.是固定短语，意为“剥夺某人的某物”，因此空格处是介词of，故填of。
【45题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：他强烈建议应该阻止这种技术的发展。根据语境可知，句子表示“他强烈建议应该阻止这种技术的发展”，tracks和it之间是所属关系，空格处意为“它的”，用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词tracks，故填its。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的笔友Chris在杂志上看到： 鲁迅说过，读红楼梦“其要点在敢于如实描写，并无讳饰，和从前的小说叙好人完全是好，坏人完全是坏的，大不相同”，对《红楼梦》很感兴趣，他来信向你了解《红楼梦》。请给他写一封回信。
注意：1． 词数100左右; 2． 注意信件格式;
3． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
4．参考词汇：《红楼梦》:A Dream of Red Mansions．
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Chris,
I am very glad to hear that you are interested in the Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber.
"A dream of Red Mansions" is one of the four great classics of our country, its author is Cao Xueqin, "A dream of Red Mansions" wrote after Cao Xueqin's family came down and out. A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, showing the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflecting all the state of the world and the people of the world. Through rich imagination, delicate emotional description and precise control of human nature, the author presents a real objective world to the readers, as if people and things are really happening around him.
I hope that through my introduction, you have a better understanding of the dream of Red Mansions.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你的笔友Chris在杂志上看到： 鲁迅说过，读红楼梦“其要点在敢于如实描写，并无讳饰，和从前的小说叙好人完全是好，坏人完全是坏的，大不相同”，对《红楼梦》很感兴趣，他来信向你了解《红楼梦》。请给他写一封回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
诚挚地：sincerely→genuinely
对……感兴趣：be interested in→show/take/have interest in
精确的：precise→exact
发生：happen→ take place
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, showing the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflecting all the state of the world and the people of the world.
拓展句：A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, which shows the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflects all the state of the world and the people of the world.
【点睛】【高分句型1】A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, showing the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflecting all the state of the world and the people of the world.（运用了现在分词作伴随状语）
【高分句型2】Through rich imagination, delicate emotional description and precise control of human nature, the author presents a real objective world to the readers, as if people and things are really happening around him.（运用了as if引导的方式状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We had just relocated to Germany and moved into a big and old country house with a mysterious abandoned wine cellars (地窖), which my husband warned me many times not to explore without him. After settling down, we began slowly releasing our large family of rescue cats and dogs into the woods behind our house so that they could get used to the area and venture out on their own. So, it wasn’t long before we gained a reputation for having lots of rescue animals with us in the neighborhood.
One day, the doorbell rang and I was sure some of my Christmas packages had arrived. I ran to the door and swung it open, but no one was there. I sensed something and looked down, only to find a beautiful calico (有斑点的) kitten sitting there, looking up at me with big, intelligent eyes. There was no way that she could have rung the doorbell by herself, was there? Were my new neighbors playing tricks on me? Perhaps, someone had found the kitten somewhere and left her there, and then rang the doorbell and ran away. They accurately guessed we would welcome an additional family member and take care of her.
My husband called her our little angel, so we named her Angelica accordingly. It seemed as if she was always meant to be in this big family and she turned out to be a perfect companion. Always by my side, she was more like a puppy than a kitten. Wise beyond her years, she enjoyed exploring through the mysterious house as much as I did, but with much less fear. Angelica was courageous.
So, I decided to be brave, too. I had promised my husband that I wouldn’t explore dangerous areas unless he or someone else was around, but he was away on a business trip for a week and I figured that Angelica would count as my companion. I was ready to explore the cellar, and so was she.
The only way in was through a hatch (盖子) that was partially hidden by the grass that covered it, then down a shaky ladder to its dark depths, probably twelve feet deep. I equipped myself with a good flashlight and warm clothes. Angelica sat on the edge and watched me carefully start down the ladder. Suddenly, there was a crash at the foot.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
I woke up with a splitting headache and pieces of the broken ladder lying around me on the stone cellar floor.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Angelica could sense my dilemma.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I woke up with a splitting headache and pieces of the broken ladder lying around me on the stone cellar floor. My fashlight was in pieces and my arms were hurt badly. By no means could I pull myself out of this deep cellar. I felt desperate. Just as I was wondering what to do next, I suddenly caught sight of a hairy, round object that began squeaking at me. It turned out to be Angelica, who was looking down at me from above.
Angelica could sense my dilemma. She wandered anxiously around the edge, seemingly knowing I needed help. Supposing Angelica my last hope, I tried to instruct her to find my neighbors to rescue me. Miraculously, she responded me with a soft meow and walked away. Around 10 minutes later, Angelica appeared again, accompanied by one of my neighbors, who finally managed to help me out. Afer this brave exploration, I no longer wondered if it was Angelica herself who rang the doorbell that fateful day. Angelica was indeed our family’s angel!
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者夫妇刚搬到德国一所又大又旧的乡村房子，里面有一个神秘的废弃酒窖，作者丈夫叮嘱作者不要在他不在的时候去探索酒窖，有一天，门铃响了，作者看见一只狗在门口，作者觉得不是它自己按的门铃，作者收养了这只狗，给她取名Angelica ，作者觉得Angelica很勇敢，自己也应该像她一样勇敢，于是作者从梯子下到酒窖准备探索，但是梯子突然塌了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我醒来时头痛欲裂，地下室的石头地板上到处都是破碎的梯子碎片。”可知，第一段可描写作者醒来后的感受。
②由第二段首句内容“Angelica能感觉到我的困境。”可知，第二段可描写Angelica如何解救作者。
2.续写线索：作者感觉自己出不去了——感到绝望——看见Angelica——Angelica徘徊——指示Angelica去叫人来——Angelica带来邻居——作者得救——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①看见：catch sight of/catch a vision of/spot
②指示：instruct sb. to do/direct sb. to do sth
③帮助某人出困境：help sb. out/rescue sb. out
情绪类
①绝望：feel desperate/feel hopeless
②焦虑地：anxiously/worriedly
【点睛】[高分句型1] It turned out to be Angelica, who was looking down at me from above. (由关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Around 10 minutes later, Angelica appeared again, accompanied by one of my neighbors, who finally managed to help me out. (由关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句)
听力答案：1—5 ABCAC 6—10 ABACA 11-15 BCABC 16—20 BBABC
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