高考英语阅读表达专项训练

这是一份高考英语阅读表达专项训练，共49页。

阅读表达
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When I was a kid, there was only one way my parents would let me stay home from school and that was if I had a high fever. Most of my friends could stay home due to a stomachache or a mild fever — but not me… I had to be dying in order to stay home. By the way, my parents are both doctors. My parents used to say that they were teaching me how to have a good work ethic(职业道德). I didn’t understand the connection until last week.
The other day I was on the train and sat behind a young man who was complaining to his friend about his life. He went on for twenty minutes about how his passion in life was to make movies, but he wouldn’t pursue it because he had no clue if he could make enough money and he didn’t want to waste time because it would take years to make it big. He then admitted to thinking about buying stocks by borrowing money because he thought he could easily make six figures within one year. His friend agreed with him and said, “The stock is good because you can make tons of money and only work for a short time.”
I think they were indulging(沉溺) in the wildest fantasy. Many people these days don’t realize that when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of effort, determination and time have gone into them and it isn’t due to some miraculous(不可思议的) event. The easier it looks, the more hours go into it. There is no excuse for laziness.
Looking at the two young men, all of a sudden I was having a flashback of being ten years old and watching the television show Fame.
In the show the dance teacher told her students, “If you want fame, fame costs and here’s how you start paying for it … in sweat.” Every time we watched that show, my dad would proudly say how right the teacher was because in order to succeed you have to work hard.
1．When did the author’s parents allow her to stay home from school?(No more than 10 words)
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2．Why did the young man on the train give up his dream of making movies?(No more than 15 words)
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3．What will it take to succeed immediately in author’s opinion?(No more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________
4．How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?(No more than 10 words)
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5．Do you agree with the author’s opinion? Please explain it in your own words.(No more than 25 words)
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阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Confucius Institute is a non-profit public institute which aims at promoting Chinese language and culture and supporting local Chinese teaching internationally through affiliated Confucius Institutes. Its headquarters is in Beijing and is under the Office of Chinese Language Council International or Hanban in Chinese.
Over the past three decades, Chinese economy is booming. The world is watching China and many foreigners have realized the importance of seeking cooperation, so they want to do business with Chinese people and learning our language works better, Confucius institute provides the place to learn mandarin.
As the world is crazy about Chinese, more and more foreigners have interest in our language and culture. With the purpose of promoting our language and culture, Confucius institute program was set up in Korea in 2004, now the Confucius institute is all around the world. The foreigners practise Chinese so hard. They learn how to pronounce and write, even use the chopsticks.
The Confucius institute program works well. There is a biggest competition for the foreigner to show their Chinese. When we watch the show, we will realize they can speak Chinese so well and admire them so much, because it is so hard to learn. Some foreigners not only speak mandarin well, but also know much about Chinese culture.
The Confucius institute program works to promote Chinese language and culture and the achievement is great. Today, the world is learning Chinese.
6．What is the aim of Confucius Institute? (no more than 15 words)
________________
7．Why are many foreigners watching China and want to seek cooperation? (no more than 1o words)
________________
8．What do more and more foreigners have interest in? (no more than 5 words)
________________
9．What does the underlined word “admire” in Paragraph 4 mean? (1 word)
________________
10．What do you think the future of Confucius Institute? (no more than 20 words)
________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Self-reflection
Do you ever feel like you are running from one activity to another? When things happen at such a fast pace, it is easy to lose sight of what you are doing, or what you are learning. It is important to stop yourself every now and then to think about what you have been doing or learning.
Self-reflection means stopping the mad rush of activity and calming yourself and your mind so your brain can evaluate the input it has already received. Some people prefer to do their self-reflection mentally, while others keep a journal of written notes of some kind. Either method can work depending on your own personal style.
School textbooks are often divided into chapters and units of study. This can make it easier for someone who wants to begin the process of self-reflection. Watch for times when you complete a unit of study in any of the subjects you are learning: math, social studies, science, art, or any other topic in your school. Sometimes you are reminded that a unit is over because there is some kind of test or quiz. Use these breaks as a chance to stop and reflect.
Find a quiet place. This can even be sitting at your desk at school when you finish something early and other students are still working. If you are going to take notes, take out paper or your reflection journal. Jot down(记下)some notes on things that you learned in this unit that you did not know before you began.
Sometimes just pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections so that new information can be quickly retrieved(检索)when you need it again. Next, think about things that you still want to know. For example, maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem, but you’re not sure when to use it. Writing down your questions will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you are exposed to the same topic. Self-reflection is an essential skill for a successful student. If you have never taken the time to reflect, try it now.
11．What is self-reflection?
___________________________________________________________
12．When is a good time to try self-reflection?
___________________________________________________________
13．What notes should we take when we do self-reflection?
___________________________________________________________
14．According to your understanding, how can self-reflection help students?
___________________________________________________________

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Never give up on hope
Oct 31, 2013 wasn’t just another Halloween for me. While I was driving home, a vehicle struck my car from behind, sending me into the busy road. I fought hard to open my eyes for a second, but I lost my consciousness.
After I was taken to hospital, the doctor told me I wouldn’t be able to move anything from my neck down. I had lost the use of almost every muscle and was very weak. I then realized that I had to say goodbye to my dream of entering NBA．
But at the rehab center (康复中心), I saw a glimpse of hope and was inspired by other patients with injuries like mine. The first year was slow and I didn’t see much progress. My head felt like a heavy ball, and I couldn’t hold it up, and my blood pressure would drop all the time. And while I didn’t have a ghost of a chance to walk or even stand, I did try. Six month later, I finally returned home.
However, that’s when the reality of the situation became clear to me. I realized that my life was so different. I was unable to use a phone, and unable to feed or wash myself. I couldn’t hold on to anything; a fork or spoon was too heavy to pick up. I had to learn to be patient with myself, and to enjoy every moment going forward.
I was determined to walk again, so giving up was no longer a choice. I fought hard on my recovery and still do to this day. I’m now moving my legs and arms on my own, doing things like working out, swimming and yoga. All of this is proving my doctors wrong, and is turning the page from the impossible to the possible. My supportive family, friends and team encourage me to continue to work harder.
I believe that this difficulty is an opportunity to grow, become stronger and keep on fighting to hopefully inspire myself not to give up.
15．Why was the author sent to hospital?(no more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
16．What was the author’s dream before the accident? (no more than 5 words)
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17．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean? (no more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
18．Who helped the author continue to work harder on his recovery? (no more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
19．How does the author’s story inspire you? (no more than 20 words)
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阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在题号后横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Should We Fear Maths?
How good are you at maths? Some people love the challenge of it or enjoy working out number games. Maths is all around us, from working out how to share the bill after a meal, to making your household bills clear. But many feel afraid of the moment when they have to deal with numbers and feel a real sense of worry and disorder. It can seem fearful, but this “maths fear” is perfectly common, and you’re definitely not alone. You need to know our worries and fears don’t necessarily show our ability.
The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their fear to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be influenced. The Programme for International Student Assessment (评估) found around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they felt uneasy doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said they were worried that maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models is important, especially at a young age. She thinks the key is to get people who love teaching maths, especially women, to help younger children.
Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says, ”It’s not clear why maths brings so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer might make you more worried about underperforming (表现不佳).” And once we think we’re not a “maths person”, we avoid solving things that we probably could do.
The fear on maths may appear due to many reasons, but some suggest that we encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat (威胁). That means we need to think of the good sides of maths.
20．What problem does the passage talk about? (不超过 6 个单词)
________________________________________________________
21．When do many people begin to fear maths? (不超过 10 个单词)
________________________________________________________
22．What can happen if teachers are nervous about teaching maths?(不超过10个单词)
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23．According to Shulamit Kahn, what is the key to helping children enjoy maths?(不超过17个单词)
________________________________________________________
24．Based on the last paragraph, how should we encourage the children who fear the maths test? (不超过14个单词)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
There are many places to go on safari (观赏野生动物) in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world’s most exciting wildlife journeys.
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation (名声) for providing a great riding experience.
The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face, it is truly exciting. You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them.
In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace. With golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.
Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.
25．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
________________
26．How does a tourist feel when he or she moves closer to the wild animals on horseback?
________________
27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following space order.
________________
28．Please introduce the most exciting trip you’ve ever taken. (In about 40 words)
________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Why Do We Get Our Best Ideas in the Shower?
Creativity sometimes requires taking a step back. Activities like showering or walking can help. When you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable and then somewhere between shampoo and conditioner, you find the answer in the shower. Doing something mindless like showering, we can find a creative solution. Researchers at the University of Virginia call it “the shower effect”.
They have found that mildly engaging tasks like showering or walking can boost the most creativity. Creative idea generation requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.
People in the study weren’t actually showering. Instead, researchers tried to imitate (模仿) the engagement level of a shower or walking through videos that required a certain level of engagement. Participants either saw a video that was considered boring—two men folding laundry—or a video of the famous scene in a familiar movie. After that, participants had 45 seconds before researchers asked them to list creative uses for a brick or a paperclip.
This research highlights the importance of stepping away from a problem to solve it, says Alice Flaherty, at Harvard Medical School. She says her students could learn a thing or two from the research because time away from a task is what helps us focus afterwards. “Some of my graduate students are so dedicated that they won’t get up from their desks until they have a creative idea, which is counterproductive because they don’t ever let their brains step back and take a rest”.
But Flaherty also holds that researchers need to control physical arousal (唤起). “They say that when you’re out walking or showering it’s mildly engaging to the brain, but it might just be that it’s physically arousing,” she says. “An activity increases your heart rate, which might make you think you have the best idea. While showering might promote creativity, it might not be for the reasons they state.” But whatever the reason, Flaherty agrees that when you’re stuck and can’t seem to come up with a creative solution, stepping away to do something completely unrelated could get your juices flowing.
29．What is “the shower effect”?
_____________________________________________________
30．What does creative idea generation require?
_____________________________________________________
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why.
▶ Alice Flaherty holds that her dedicated graduate students need to sit in front of the desks all day to come up with a creative idea.
_____________________________________________________
32．In addition to showering or walking, what other activities may help you find a creative solution in your daily life? Why? (In about 40 words)
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阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。
Good morning... I hope you all are doing well in your studies and if there is a problem related to your studies, please feel free to come to my office. Today, I and all the teachers decided to gather all the children for the speech on World Heritage Day. Since the day is around the corner, I wanted to give knowledge to my children on this subject. As a Principal of this school, I try not only to make my children perform well in studies, but also to enlighten them on subjects which are very much concerned about mankind.
World Heritage has been described as the common wealth of mankind. This day is a great reminder of our rich cultural past and it is our responsibility that we protect our heritage not only for ourselves but for future generations. Undoubtedly, heritage sites should be preserved and protected. They are invaluable wealth for mankind. The date of the holding of World Heritage Day is April 18 and it was first started in the year 1982.
I am speaking from my personal experience and I am sure every one of you must have noticed at some point. Regarding the fact that many people have developed irresponsible (negligent) attitude towards our national heritage. This is the reason that heritage buildings are often found damaged. However, it is due to the continuous repair work of such sites by the government that our nation is still able to keep its beauty, if not in its entirety, but at least to an extent it attracts millions of tourists a year.
World Heritage Day is actually a day for every concerned citizen of a country to feel proud of the great cultural property of its nation. At last, I want to say in many ways, we can contribute towards the maintenance (维持) of world heritage sites so that their beauty does not minimize and they remain the center of attraction for people all over the world.
Please consider what you can do to maintain the beauty of the world heritage. Let’s do our best!
33．Why does the speaker make this speech?
________________
34．What does the World Heritage Day remind us according to the speaker?
________________
35．What can you do to contribute towards the maintenance of world heritage sites?
________________

阅读表达
Ed Viesturs grew up in Rockford, Illinois, where the tallest thing on the horizon was the water tower. But on Thursday, Viesturs became the only American to climb to the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains.
His last hike was up Mount Annapurna, in Asia’s snowcapped Himalayas. At 26,545 feet, its peak is the 10th highest in the world. It is the mountain that inspired him to start climbing.
“It tends to be the trickiest, the most dangerous,” said Viesturs. “There’s no simple way to climb it. There are threatening avalanches (雪崩) and ice falls that protect the mountain.”
In high school, Viesturs read French climber Maurice Herzog’s tale of climbing the icy Annapurna. Herzog’s story was of frostbite(冻伤) and difficulty and near-death experiences. Viesturs was hooked right away.
Viesturs got his start on Washington’s Mount Rainier in 1977, guiding hikes in the summer.
Fifteen years ago, he set out to walk up to the world’s highest peaks. Finally, he’s done.
The pioneering climber talks about mountains as if they were living creatures that should be treated with respect. “You have to use all of your senses, all of your abilities to see if the mountain will let you climb it,” said Viesturs. “If we have the patience and the respect, and if we’re here at the right time, under the right circumstances, they allow us to go up, and allow us to come down.”
What’s next for a man who can’t stop climbing? “I’m going to hug my wife and kids and kind of kick back and enjoy the summer,” says Viesturs. But for a man who’s climbed the world’s 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off on yet another adventure.
36．What record has Ed Viesturs set? (no more than 15 words)
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37．Which mountain made Viesturs decide to start climbing? (no more than 2 words)
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38．What does the underlined word “hooked” in Paragraph 4 mean? (no more than 1 word)
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39．What did the pioneering climber think of the mountains? (no more than 8 words)
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40．Do you think Ed Viesturs will stop climbing? Give your reason. (no more than 20 words)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
For average working people, they normally change their careers five to seven times throughout their whole lives. The best way to be prepared for a career change is to make a plan. Without that, you are just a dreamer.
It happens that you don’t think about your career carefully, but the first step you need to take is that you must spend time considering your present situation and your ideal career path to develop a specific career plan. Reflecting on yourself and your needs is also necessary. When you have a better understanding of yourself and what you want, you are more likely to make a plan that suits your goals and lifestyle. By this kind of self-reflection, you will discover the type of career you want.
The next step is to figure out how to get there. You probably need SMART goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound to prepare for success. Studies prove that SMART goals work better when they are written down and shared with others. Sharing improves your sense of responsibility while writing down allows you to keep them in your memory.
Now that you have understood what you want and had your goals set and written down, the last step is to make career decisions. First, list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions. And then think about how each path lines up with your values. Finally, think about how they could influence your future.
How do you feel when talking about your career? Do you want to stay where you are or are you ready to make a change to take steps to achieve success? Reflect, set goals, and make your decision, and you’ll be on the right path in no time.
41．What is the best way to be prepared for a career change according to the passage?
________________
42．What are the SMART goals?
________________
43．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To make career decisions, you need to list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions, think about how each path lines up with your values, and whether they bring you a lot of money.
________________
44．Which one of the three steps do you think is the most important to develop your career plan? Why? (In about 40 words)
________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Farm Theme Parks Popular in Japan
In modern times, when we think or hear about major theme parks, what often comes to mind are successful franchises like Disneyland, Disneyworld and Universal Theme Parks. But a growing independent group of specialized theme parks in Japan are catching the attention of those who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.
For example, Namegata Farmers Village is a sweet potato theme park in Ibaraki Prefecture, an area noted for sweet potato production. “The number of sweet potato producers has dropped due to the aging population. We thought up the idea to convey the charm of agriculture to young people who moved to urban areas because they didn’t want to take over from aging farmers. We hoped to secure a stable future for sweet potatoes,” said Toshikazu Nagao, president of the village.
Namegata Farmers Village covers a total area of about 33 hectares, or 82 acres, and utilizes abandoned farmland. A former primary school is used as the main facility. The park features the Yakiimo Factory Museum, a restaurant, a direct sales shop for agricultural products and rental farmland. Classes for making sweet potato cakes are popular among families with children.
The concept of an agriculture theme park is not new in Japan. Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri Farm pioneered the concept of agricultural theme parks in the late-1980s. The farm opened in 1988 when MokuMoku Tezukuri Farm Co., an agricultural corporation, attempted to improve the added value of Iga pork, a local brand. Local beer, bread and tofu are now produced at the 14-hectare farm. Visitors can experience making sausages in a factory, enjoy being close to animals, and eat at a restaurant.
“I think farm theme parks are the future direction of agriculture. It should also lead to the preservation of the local rustic scenery (乡村风光),” Naoyuki Matsuo, president of the farm said.
Whether the theme park concept flourishing in Japan would ever work in other countries remains to be seen, but for those in Japan, at least, thinking outside the box is earning farmers and food corporations alike a good profit.
45．Who are usually attracted to farm theme parks in Japan?
__________________________________________________________
46．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The first agriculture theme park in Japan opened in 1988 with the purpose of helping young people living in urban areas know more about rural life.
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47．Naoyuki Matsuo said, “farm theme parks are the future direction of agriculture”. Do you agree with him? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
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阅读短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。
Most people want to have a warm family to make them feel safe and secure. For the old with dementia(痴呆), living with their family is of great importance.
SilviaBo, named after Queen Silvia is a project made by Skanska and IKEA in partnership with Queen Silvia, which is aimed at perfecting the level of dementia care.
BoKlok, a joint venture(合资企业) created by Skanska and IKEA, introduces a new house which is cheap and environmentally friendly.
All of the apartments’ facilities are designed uniformly, like furniture and bathroom equipment, which helps keep the costs down. SilviaBo even offers help to the people with lower income, so they can pay what they couldn’t afford formerly.
H.M Queen Silvia participates in the plan of the new BoKlok project, including the color of the toilet seats and shower design. “She truly devotes herself to this project. This is her baby,” said Jonas Spangenberg, BoKlok’s CEO. That’s because the Queen understands people with dementia are forced to leave their homes and that keeping them in their homes is a better way.
In March 2017, the first SilviaBo home began to be built and Queen Silvia was there to watch it. She said that her mother suffered from Alzheimer’s, one type of dementia. Therefore, SilviaBo homes were important to her.
“To take care of the old, the cost is high,” Spangenberg told CNN. “It’s much cheaper for society and the public to help them at home.” These creative solutions are the key to giving people with dementia a good quality of life. There is no better gift than staying at their homes with their loving family.
48．How does SilviaBo control the cost of its homes? (no more than 10 words)
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49．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 probably mean? (no more than 5 words)
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50．Why does the Queen devote herself to the BoKlok project? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
51．What’s the purpose of the project --- SilviaBo? (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
52．What do you think of SilviaBo homes? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.
Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today’s modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other.
Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence.
Assess yourself
The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future.
Practice good manners
No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others’ backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.
Ask questions
When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them.
Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone.
53．What is cultural competence according to the passage?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
54．Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
55．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
56．Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can you think of to develop your cultural competence? (In about 40 words)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
When I was in Grade 4, I got my first diary as a present from my mother. It made me feel very important because it was a precious gift to me in the year when a printed diary was rare. During the first week of my life as a diary owner, I kept looking at it. My heart filling with pride. In the second week, I suddenly felt nervous. I had not written a single word in the diary. And now each page seemed to be looking at me in sorrow for the way it was being gored (弄褶皱), so I decided to keep an account of how I spent the day at school.
I kept my promise to the diary that every day after coming back from school, I would take out the diary, open the page dated for that day and write about what happened. But a strange thing happened — each page looked dull, instead of looking as if it came straight out of a famous writer’s book.
I recently read a 4000-year-old account of a young boy’s day in school. It surrounded almost the same thing as mine! I was shocked. This boy was from Summer (苏美尔). The Sumerians, as they were called, invented a lot of things. They constructed the first cities. They stuck to an idea that children must go to a place like school for education.
What was the account of the boy’s day in school like? Well almost like mine but 4,000 years ago! I read it in a book called The Mammoth Book of How it Happened, by Jon E. Lewis. In a fascinating manner, he has put the important and usual things together into one collection, eye-witness accounts of moments in history, also eventful and ordinary.
The book told me that for schoolchildren anywhere in the world and probably at any time in history, school has always meant the same. Perhaps writing diaries too.
57．What did the author do with his first diary during the first week?
________________
58．Who is Jon E. Lewis?
________________
59．Please underline the false part in the following statement and explain why.
▷The author felt dull when he read a 4000-year-old account of a young boy’s day, because the diary surrounded almost the same thing as his.
________________
60．What do you think about writing dairies? (In about 40 words)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Sleep in Different Cultures
It is apparent that there are significant differences in sleep patterns in different parts of the world, and that sleep patterns have also changed over time. Traditions, cultural values, local conditions and environments all influence sleep patterns.
One major source of these differences is the widespread use of artificial(人造的) light, which has led to changes in the sleep patterns in the industrialized world. It is thought that today we sleep several hours less than before industrialization. Artificial light has encouraged people to go to bed later and to sleep the whole night through (Monophasic Sleep), rather than the more broken up and flexible sleep patterns (Biphasic Sleep). During the long nights of the winter months, our ancestors used to break sleep up into two or more parts, separated by an hour or two of quiet restfulness.
Even within the developed world, there are still significant differences in sleep patterns. A study carried out in ten countries in 2002 showed some of these regional variations. For instance, the results of sleeping time at night from individual countries varied from 6 hours 53 minutes in Japan to 8 hours 24 minutes in Portugal. Over 42% of Brazilians took regular afternoon naps (short sleeps), compared to only 12% of Japanese people.
A daytime nap is a common habit among adults in many countries. Spain, in particular, has raised the nap almost to the level of an art form. The experience of Japan is a clear example of the way a culture change can affect sleep patterns. In the 1950s, Japan was keen to rebuild. Japanese workers were encouraged to wake early and finish late as well. The work-place nap was encouraged as a way for a worker to increase productivity, even though in fact it probably degraded the quality of night-time sleep even more. Today, sleep is perhaps more undervalued in Japan than anywhere else.
It is clear, then, that there are cultural and historical differences in our sleep patterns. Yet the one thing that stays the same across all cultures is the one truth about sleeping: We all do it!
61．What affects the sleep patterns?
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62．What is Biphasic Sleep?
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63．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø The work-place nap was encouraged and in fact it probably increases the quality of night-time sleep even more.
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64．Among the sleep patterns in different countries mentioned in the passage, which one do you like most and why? (In about 40 words)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
How to Stop Overthinking
We all have times when we worry, whether it’s about work, health, family, relationships or a host of other reasons. But is there a point when you may think and worry too much?
Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions. For example, we may start worrying about a specific situation at work, which leads to worrying about money or losing jobs.
But why do we tend to overthink? This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation. Although overthinking is hard to break, Natacha Duke, a registered psychotherapist, outlines strategies that can help.
“Healthy distraction can be useful,” says Duke. Activities like reading and taking a walk can help keep our stress levels down. They can reduce our baseline level of anxiety and make us less likely to overthink.
Duke adds, “Keeping a daily journal can help us actively manage stress before our feelings expand out of control.” As we practise journaling our emotions and thoughts, it becomes easier to identify when we’re starting to worry. Stopping worrying early will ultimately help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us.
Some people constantly think about questions like “What if I lose my job?” or “What if I get sick?” While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. “For every ‘what if’ worry, change this to an ‘if then’ statement where you come up with ideas to deal with the worry or the worst-case situation,” says Duke. “Focus on having a concrete plan in place.”
So, face the problems, then challenge and reframe them. Finally, we will develop effective ways to cope with overthinking.
65．What is overthinking?
________________
66．What causes overthinking?
________________
67．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation.
________________
68．Besides the suggestions mentioned in the passage, what other advice will you give to a person who is always overthinking?
________________

阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
The Yosufs’ house is unlike any other house. In the sitting room, instead of a television, there is a blackboard on the wall. For two hours every day, Mr Yosuf writes complex mathematical problems on the board. His daughter, Zuleika, copies them into an exercise book and solves them.
Zuleika is special. She’s five years old, but instead of watching cartoons or playing computer games, her favourite pastimes are solving equations and reading books. She already spends hours every day in a university library. Next year Zuleika will become Britain’s youngest “A” level student.
Not surprisingly, the Yosufs are a very clever family. Zuleika’s two sisters and a brother, aged 16, 14 and 12 are also good at maths and are already at university. Her father, who specialises in maths research, has taught them all. “Zuleika is very competitive, says her father.” She sees her brother and sisters working every day and she can’t wait to catch up with them. I remember teaching the others maths when they were eight. Zuleika solves the same problems now, although she took up maths much earlier. We could see she was interested in numbers at a much younger age. ”
So what is the secret of their success? When their first child arrived, Mr Yosuf and his wife made up their minds to teach all of their children at home. They say that home tuition combined with love and understanding has helped their children to succeed. “We’ve been patient and supportive, and they take pride in what they do,” says Mr. Yosuf. “Maybe Zuleika has a natural talent for maths, but I believe given the right surroundings, any child could do well. ”
One thing all child prodigies(神童) do have in common is a complete dedication to and love of their subject. They spend many more hours working at it than the average child, and this extra effort is reflected in their achievements. It is not necessary to be extremely talented to be a child prodigy, but you do have to have a lot of motivation.
69．What is the blackboard in the sitting room used for? (no more than 20 words)
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70．Why is Zuleika special? (no more than 15 Words)
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71．What does the underlined word “surroundings” in paragraph 4 probably mean? (1 word)
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72．What do all child prodigies have in common according to the text? (no more than 15 words)
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73．What do you think of studying at home?Give your reasons. (no more than 20 words)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。

Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He suggested that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad’s agreement, she spent the next two years researching online to get a candy that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also went to dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. In the end, she succeeded in making a kind of candy product—Cancandy.
Quickly, Cancandy sells very good in the supermarket. As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s popularity as a young entrepreneur. Moore is excited about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven by profit (利润). Moore wants to use her special talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
74．Who is Alice Moore?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
75．When Moore wanted to start her own company, what did her father advise?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
76．What is special for Moore’s candy product—Cancandy?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
77．What does Moore expect from her business?
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78．Among Moore’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us?Why? (In about 40 words)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Engaging in meaningful conversations with others strengthens social bonds and boosts well—being far more than small talk does. Yet many people fear or even actively avoid intimate (亲密的) conversations, especially with those they don’t know well. Why are we so unwilling to engage in an activity that could benefit us so acutely? According to new research, it may be due to miscalculated expectations, and changing them could foster deeper connections.
In a series of studies published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, participants either engaged in “shallow” conversations (speaking, for example, about their sleep schedule or how often they get haircuts) or “deep” discussions (covering embarrassing moments or what they’re grateful for). Before chatting, they predicted how awkward and uncomfortable the conversation would be, how close they would feel to their conversation partner afterward, and how much they would enjoy the interaction. Participants who consistently overestimated the awkwardness of the conversations also greatly underestimated how much they’d enjoy the more intimate conversations, as well as how close they’d feel to their partner.
The noticeable difference between participants’ expectations and their actual experience seemed rooted in the assumption that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. “We underestimate, essentially, how social others are,” explains study author Nicholas Epley, a psychologist at the University of Chicago.
Such an assumption could be a barrier to forming deeper connections with others, Epley believes. Yet participants appeared able to course-correct. When they were told ahead of time that it’s common to underestimate how much strangers care about each other, they voluntarily steered the talks into deeper directions, potentially reaping the benefits of doing so.
A single reminder likely isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, Epley warns. But making the effort to engage in just a few positive interactions could help someone mentally reset. “After having a meaningful conversation, people usually want to have another one,” he says. “But you can learn only from experiences that you have,” he adds. “If you think it will be unpleasant to talk to someone and therefore never try, you’ll never find out that you were wrong.”
79．Why are people unwilling to get involved in intimate conversations?
________________________________________________
80．What could stop people forming deeper connections with others?
________________________________________________
81．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
ØA single reminder can permanently change our assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
________________________________________________
82．Do you prefer to have a “shallow” conversation or a “deep” discussion with strangers? And give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
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阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Robert Armstrong’s favorite food has been his grandma’s cookies ever since he was a child.
Years later and armed with a business degree, Armstrong, 28, is turning his grandma’s cookie recipe into a national brand, G. Mommas Southern Style Cookies, featuring chocolate chip pecan(美洲山核桃) and “buddascotch” oatmeal(燕麦片) flavors.
In February, California-based specialty retailer(零售店), Cost Plus World-Market, with 265 stores in 31 states selling home decor(装饰), food and drink, started selling the cookies. They will also be in 800 Cracker Barrel stores this fall.
After graduating from college in 2008 and unable to find a job, Robert Armstrong asked his grandmother, Anice Morris Armstrong, to teach him how to bake, which he thought would take an afternoon.
“It was harder than college,” he said.
With basic cooking tools and an oven in an abandoned kitchen, he set up his own business, Selma Good, and began producing cookies in an old warehouse. Baking 10 to 12 hours a day, he managed to deliver cookies to 35 stores. His grandmother helped him develop the “buddascotch” recipe before her death, aged 88, last July. “She inspirited me in ways no one else ever could,” said Armstrong.
He reached out via LinkedIn, a website, to a national distributor, who asked for samples. Within a year, he found a commercial bakery in Pennsylvania and a deal to go national with World Market. “Everybody has a grandma recipe, but I was lucky to find people that would take a chance on me,” Armstrong said. “They’re crunchy, but light, like feathers, and taste extremely good,” said Judy McKinny at Mark’s Market, one of Armstrong’s first retail customers in his hometown of Selma, Alabama.
World Market is ordering two cases per store each quarter, a huge leap from the 9,000 bags he made himself per quarter.
His goal is to one day move production back to his native Selma to help its development. Selma has struggled economically since the closure of a candy factory several years ago.
83．What did Robert major in when he was in college? (1 word)
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84．Why did Robert choose to bake after his graduation? (no more than 10 words)
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85．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 6? (1 word)
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86．What does Robert owe his success to according to Paragraph 7? (no more than 10 words)
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87．What did your grandma teach you? Please explain. (no more than 30 words)
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参考答案：
1．Only when the author was seriously ill. / Only when the author had a high fever. 2．Because he thought making movies couldn’t help make lots of money in a short time. 3．It will take lots of efforts, determination, and time. 4．You have to work hard in order to succeed. 5．Yes, because working hard makes us successful and it’s hard working, rather than intelligence, that matters.

【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者的父母对他的要求很严格，他小时候不是很理解。但是后来，作者明白了，只有通过努力才能成功。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When I was a kid, there was only one way my parents would let me stay home from school and that was if I had a high fever. (当我还是个孩子的时候，我的父母只有一个办法让我呆在家里不上学，那就是如果我发高烧。)”可知，只有当作者发高烧的时候，他的父母才会允许他呆在家里不上学。故答案为Only when the author was seriously ill. / Only when the author had a high fever.
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“He went on for twenty minutes about how his passion in life was to make movies, but he wouldn’t pursue it because he had no clue if he could make enough money and he didn’t want to waste time because it would take years to make it big. (他花了20分钟讲述了自己对电影的热爱，但他不会去追求，因为他不知道自己是否能赚到足够的钱，也不想浪费时间，因为要想把电影做大需要几年的时间。)”可知，那位年轻人之所以放弃做电影的梦想是因为他觉得做电影花费的时间太长，而且也不一定能赚到足够的钱。故答案为Because he thought making movies couldn’t help make lots of money in a short time.
3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Many people these days don’t realize that when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of effort, determination and time have gone into them and it isn’t due to some miraculous(不可思议的) event. (如今，许多人没有意识到，当事情似乎立即发生时，这仅仅是因为他们付出了大量的努力、决心和时间，而不是由于某种奇迹事件。)”可知，在作者看来，成功需要付出大量的努力、决心和时间。故答案为It will take lots of efforts, determination, and time.
4．考查词句猜测。根据最后一段“If you want fame, fame costs and here’s how you start paying for it … in sweat. (如果你想成名，成名就要付出代价，下面是你如何开始为此付出代价的……汗水。)”可知，这句话想表达的意思是：要想成功就需要努力。故答案为You have to work hard in order to succeed.
5．开放性试题。根据“In the show the dance teacher told her students, “If you want fame, fame costs and here’s how you start paying for it … in sweat.” Every time we watched that show, my dad would proudly say how right the teacher was because in order to succeed you have to work hard. (在节目中，舞蹈老师告诉她的学生，“如果你想成名，成名就要付出代价，这就是你如何开始付出代价……挥汗如雨。”每次我们观看节目时，我父亲都会自豪地说，老师是多么正确，因为为了成功，你必须努力工作。)”可知，这篇文章作者想要表达的中心就是：想要成功，就必须努力。所以给出的答案要围绕这个中心展开。故答案为Yes, because working hard makes us successful and it’s hard working, rather than intelligence, that matters.
6．The aim of Confucius Institute is to promote Chinese culture and support Chinese teaching worldwide. 7．Because Chinese economy is booming, from which foreigners can profit. 8．Chinese language and culture. 9．钦佩 10．Confucius Institute will remain a bridge which can not only facilitate multicultural exchange, but presents the beauty of Chinese culture.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了创建中国孔子学院的时代背景、重要意义和贡献。
6．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Confucius Institute is a non-profit public institute which aims at promoting Chinese language and culture and supporting local Chinese teaching internationally through affiliated Confucius Institutes.(孔子学院是一个非营利性的公共机构，旨在通过附属孔子学院推广中国语言和文化，并在国际上支持当地的汉语教学)”可知，孔子学院是一个在全球范围内致力于推广中国文化和促进汉语教学的非营利结构，故答案为The aim of Confucius Institute is to promote Chinese culture and support Chinese teaching worldwide.
7．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Over the past three decades, Chinese economy is booming.(在过去的三十年里，中国经济蓬勃发展)”可知，中国的经济发展令世人瞩目，因此许多外国人想寻求与中国进行通商贸易，故答案为Because Chinese economy is booming, from which foreigners can profit.
8．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“As the world is crazy about Chinese, more and more foreigners have interest in our language and culture.(随着世界掀起一股汉语热，越来越多的外国人对我们的语言和文化产生了兴趣)”可知，越来越多的外国人对中国文化和汉语产生了浓厚的兴趣，故答案为Chinese language and culture.
9．考查词句猜测。根据文章第四段“because it is so hard to learn.(因为汉语真的很难)”和“Some foreigners not only speak mandarin well, but also know much about Chinese culture.(一些外国人不仅普通话说得好，而且对中国文化也很了解)”可知，我们对一些外国人能够流利地讲中文，并且通晓中国文化感到非常钦佩，毕竟汉语很难。由此推知，划线词应与“佩服；钦佩”之意相近。故答案为：钦佩。
10．开放性试题。言之有理，积极向上，注意词数限制。考生可依据文章内容和自身掌握的背景知识答题，例如：孔子学院将继续作为一座跨文化交流的桥梁，将瑰丽的中国文化呈现给世界。Confucius Institute will remain a bridge which can not only facilitate multicultural exchange, but presents the beauty of Chinese culture.
11．Self-reflection is calming yourself and your mind so that you can evaluate what your brain has received. 12．A good time for self-reflection is at the end of a chapter or unit of study. 13．Things that we learned in a unit that we did not know before we began. 14．Self-reflection can help students by allowing them to review and more fully understand what they have learned. (言之有理即可)

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了自我反省的定义，并举例说明学生如何自我反思，以帮助提高学习效率。
11．考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“Self-reflection means stopping the mad rush of activity and calming yourself and your mind so your brain can evaluate the input it has already received.(自我反省意味着停止疯狂的活动，让自己和头脑冷静下来，这样你的大脑就可以评估它已经收到的输入。)”可知，自我反省就是让你自己和你的心灵平静下来，这样你就能评估大脑接收到的信息。故答案为Self-reflection is calming yourself and your mind so that you can evaluate what your brain has received.
12．考查细节理解。根据第三段最后两句“Sometimes you are reminded that a unit is over because there is some kind of test or quiz. Use these breaks as a chance to stop and reflect.(有时你会被提醒一个单元结束了，因为有一些测试或小测验。利用这些休息时间停下来反思。)”可知，每个单元或章节结束的时候就是一个好的反思时间。故答案为A good time for self-reflection is at the end of a chapter or unit of study.
13．考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“Jot down some notes on things that you learned in this unit that you did not know before you began.(记下一些你在本单元中学到但在开始学习之前不知道的东西。)”可知，我们在反思时应该记下我们在本单元中学到，但在开始学习之前不知道的东西。故答案为Things that we learned in a unit that we did not know before we began.
14．考查开放性试题。结合全文内容， 符合逻辑即可。比如根据文章第三段前两句“School textbooks are often divided into chapters and units of study. This can make it easier for someone who wants to begin the process of self-reflection.(学校的教科书通常分为章节和学习单元。这可以让那些想要开始自我反思的人更容易。)”可知，对学生来说，反思可以帮助学生复习并更充分地理解所学的知识。故答案为Self-reflection can help students by allowing them to review and more fully understand what they have learned.
15．Because he was struck / hit by a vehicle. 16．To become a basketball player. / To enter NBA. / To play basketball in NBA. 17．It is impossible/unlikely for me to walk or even stand./Walking or even standing was impossible for me.
18．His family, friends, and team. 19．One possible answer:Whatever difficulty we meet with, we should never give up hope.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者遭遇车祸后脖子以下的身体瘫痪，但他不放弃希望，在家人、朋友和团队的鼓励下努力恢复，最终再次行走的故事。
15．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“While I was driving home, a vehicle struck my car from behind, sending me into the busy road. I fought hard to open my eyes for a second, but I lost my consciousness.(当我开车回家时，一辆车从后面撞上了我的车，把我送到了繁忙的道路上。我挣扎着睁开眼睛，但我失去了意识)”和第二段的“After I was taken to hospital, the doctor told me I wouldn’t be able to move anything from my neck down.(我被送到医院后，医生告诉我脖子以下的任何部位都无法移动)”可知，作者被送到医院是因为他被车撞了。故答案为：Because he was struck / hit by a vehicle.
16．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“I then realized that I had to say goodbye to my dream of entering NBA.(然后我意识到我不得不和我进入NBA的梦想说再见)”可知，作者遭遇事故前的梦想是进入NBA。故答案为：To become a basketball player. / To enter NBA. / To play basketball in NBA.
17．考查词句猜测。根据第三段的“The first year was slow and I didn’t see much progress. My head felt like a heavy ball, and I couldn’t hold it up, and my blood pressure would drop all the time. (第一年进展缓慢，我没有看到太多进展。我的头感觉像一个沉重的球，我撑不住，我的血压会一直下降)”可知，作者接受康复治疗的第一年身体恢复得很慢。由此猜测划线句子意为“对我来说走路甚至站立都是不可能的”。故答案为：It is impossible/unlikely for me to walk or even stand./Walking or even standing was impossible for me.
18．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“My supportive family, friends and team encourage me to continue to work harder.(支持我的家人、朋友和团队都鼓励我继续努力恢复)”可知，作者的家人、朋友和团队鼓励他继续努力恢复。故答案为：His family, friends, and team.
19．开放性题目。结合文章传达的内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：无论遇到什么，我们都不应该放弃希望。One possible answer:Whatever difficulty we meet with, we should never give up hope.
20．How to deal with maths fear. 21．Many people begin to fear maths in childhood at school. 22．Their fear can be passed on to pupils, especially girls. 23．The key is to get people who love teaching maths, especially women, to help younger children. 24．We should encourage children to see maths tests as challenges, not threats.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何应对对数学的恐惧。
20．考查主旨大意。通读全文，根据最后一段中“The fear on maths may appear due to many reasons, but some suggest that we encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat (威胁). (对数学的恐惧可能有很多原因，但有些人认为，我们应该鼓励孩子们把数学考试视为挑战，而不是威胁)”可知，本文主要讨论了如何应对对数学的恐惧。故答案为How to deal with maths fear.
21．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“The problem really starts in childhood at school. (这个问题实际上始于童年上学时期)”可知，许多人害怕数学始于童年上学时期。故答案为Many people begin to fear maths in childhood at school.
22．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their fear to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be influenced. (研究发现，数学老师在教授这门课时感到紧张，会把这种恐惧传递给学生，而女孩更容易受到影响)”可知，这种紧张恐惧心理会被传递给学生，尤其是女生。故答案为Their fear can be passed on to pupils, especially girls.
23．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models is important, especially at a young age. She thinks the key is to get people who love teaching maths, especially women, to help younger children. (波士顿大学凯斯特罗姆商学院的Shulamit Kahn在接受BBC采访时表示，她认为给学生，尤其是女孩，树立良好的榜样非常重要，尤其是在年轻的时候。她认为关键是让那些喜欢教数学的人，尤其是女性，来帮助年幼的孩子)”可知，她认为关键是让那些喜欢教数学的人，尤其是女性，来帮助年幼的孩子。故答案为The key is to get people who love teaching maths, especially women, to help younger children.
24．开放性试题。言之有理，积极向上。注意字数限制。如根据最后一段中“The fear on maths may appear due to many reasons, but some suggest that we encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat (威胁). (对数学的恐惧可能有很多原因，但有些人认为，我们应该鼓励孩子们把数学考试视为挑战，而不是威胁)”可知，我们应该鼓励孩子们把数学考试视为挑战，而不是威胁。故答案为We should encourage children to see maths tests as challenges, not threats.
25．Several safari camps. 26．He/ She may feel excited, nervous and his/her heart rate may be accelerated. 27．The passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following space order. According to the passage, the passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following time order. 28．I had an exciting trip to Disneyland with my friends, which is one of the most famous theme parks in the world. In the park, we did some meaningful and venturesome activities there, such as Roller Coaster and Adventure Island, which are thrilling and unforgettable.


【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了非洲观赏野生动物的野营的项目。
25．考查词义猜测。根据第二段“Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers.( 几个狩猎营地作为这次冒险的基地，每天提供两次独特的游乐设施，深入三角洲进行探索。营地有优秀的马匹，专业的导游和许多辅助人员。)”由此可猜测出they指代上文提到的几个狩猎营地，故答案为Several safari camps.
26．考查细节理解。根据第三段“On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them. (骑在马背上，人们有可能非常接近大象、长颈鹿和许多其他动物。然而，当你靠近它们时，兴奋感和紧张程度会突然上升，你的心率也会上升。)”可知，当一个游客骑在马背上接近野生动物时，他/她会兴奋，紧张和心率加快。故答案为He/ She may feel excited, nervous and his/her heart rate may be accelerated.
27．考查推理判断。根据第一段“There are many places to go on safari (观赏野生动物) in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world’s most exciting wildlife journeys. (非洲有很多地方可以去狩猎旅行，但在博茨瓦纳的Okavango Delta的洪水中骑马一定是世界上最令人兴奋的野生动物之旅之一。)”可知前半句是正确的；再根据作者在第三段中先说了早上的旅程，第四段涉及晚上的旅程，尾段谈到回到营地，由此可知作者是按时间顺序写的，所以后半句是错误的，故答案为The passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following space order. According to the passage, the passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following time order.
28．主观题，答案仅供参考。I had an exciting trip to Disneyland with my friends, which is one of the most famous theme parks in the world. In the park, we did some meaningful and venturesome activities there, such as Roller Coaster and Adventure Island, which are thrilling and unforgettable.
29．“The shower effect” is the idea that when you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable, you may find the answer in doing something mindless like showering.
30．It requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems. 31．Alice Flaherty holds that her dedicated graduate students need to sit in front of the desks all day to come up with a creative idea. Because she agrees that stepping away from a problem can help solve a problem. 32．Watching a boring video or a famous movie clip can help me relax my mind. So can some cardio-exercise. Because they allow me to have creative ideas.


【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了为什么我们在洗澡的时候总能想出好点子。
29．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable and then somewhere between shampoo and conditioner, you find the answer in the shower. Doing something mindless like showering, we can find a creative solution. Researchers at the University of Virginia call it “the shower effect”.(当你纠结于一个感觉无法解决的问题时，在洗发水和护发素之间，你会在淋浴中找到答案。做一些不需要动脑的事情，比如洗澡，我们可以找到一个创造性的解决方案。弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员称之为“淋浴效应”。)”可知，“淋浴效应”指的是，当我们遇到了一个无法解决的问题的时候，我们可以做一些不需要动脑的事情放松一下，随后自然能找到解决问题的方法。故答案为“The shower effect” is the idea that when you’re struggling with a problem that feels unsolvable, you may find the answer in doing something mindless like showering.
30．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Creative idea generation requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.(创造性想法的产生要求人们在限制原创性的集中思考和通常与创造性问题无关的随机联想之间取得平衡。)”可找到答案。故答案为It requires that one should strike a balance between focused thinking which limits originality and random associations which are often irrelevant to our creative problems.
31．考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段““Some of my graduate students are so dedicated that they won’t get up from their desks until they have a creative idea, which is counterproductive because they don’t ever let their brains step back and take a rest”.(“我的一些研究生太专注了，直到他们有了一个有创意的想法，他们才会离开办公桌，这是适得其反的，因为他们从来没有让自己的大脑停下来休息一下。”)”可知，Flaherty认为她的研究生不应该每天坐在桌子前相处一个有创意的点子，故应将题干中的“hold(认为)”划线，因为上文“This research highlights the importance of stepping away from a problem to solve it, says Alice Flaherty, at Harvard Medical School.(哈佛医学院的Alice Flaherty说，这项研究强调了远离问题去解决问题的重要性。)”Flaherty表示，远离问题反而能够帮助解决问题。故答案为：Alice Flaherty holds that her dedicated graduate students need to sit in front of the desks all day to come up with a creative idea. Because she agrees that stepping away from a problem can help solve a problem.
32．开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。故参考答案为Watching a boring video or a famous movie clip can help me relax my mind. So can some cardio-exercise. Because they allow me to have creative ideas.
33．To give knowledge on World Heritage Day to children. 34．World Heritage Day remind us of our rich cultural past and our responsibility to protect our heritage. 35．I will try my best to promote our rich heritage in order to let people understand that it is the foundation of the nation, protect it and fight against those who destroy it.

【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿。作者在世界遗产日来临前为学生们做的有关保护遗产的演讲，呼吁从我做起，保护遗产。
33．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Today, I and all the teachers decided to gather all the children for the speech on World Heritage Day. Since the day is around the corner, I wanted to give knowledge to my children on this subject.(今天，我和所有的老师决定召集所有的孩子参加世界遗产日的演讲。因为这一天即将到来，我想给我的孩子们这个主题的知识。)”可知，演讲者做这个演讲是为了宣传有关世界遗产日的知识给孩子们，故答案为To give knowledge on World Heritage Day to children.。
34．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“This day is a great reminder of our rich cultural past and it is our responsibility that we protect our heritage not only for ourselves but for future generations.(这一天是对我们丰富的文化历史的极好的提醒，保护我们的遗产是我们的责任，不仅是为了我们自己，也是为了子孙后代。)”可知，世界遗产日提醒我们我们拥有丰富的文化历史，保护这些遗产是我们的责任，故答案为World Heritage Day remind us of our rich cultural past and our responsibility to protect our heritage.。
35．本题是开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：I will try my best to promote our rich heritage in order to let people understand that it is the foundation of the nation, protect it and fight against those who destroy it.
36．He has been to the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains. 37．Mount Annapurna. 38．Attracted. 39．They were treated as / like living creatures. 40．No. Because for a man who’s climbed the world’s 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off another adventure.

【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了登山之王维埃斯图斯（Viesturs）的登山成就，他是唯一已经成功地征服了14座世界最高峰的美国人。
36．考查细节理解。根据第一段“But on Thursday, Viesturs became the only American to climb to the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains. (但在周四，Viesturs成为唯一登上世界14座最高山峰之巅的美国人。)”可知，Viesturs是成功地征服了14座世界最高峰的美国人。故答案为He has been to the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains.
37．考查细节理解。根据第二段“His last hike was up Mount Annapurna, in Asia’s snowcapped Himalayas. At 26,545 feet, its peak is the 10th highest in the world. It is the mountain that inspired him to start climbing. (他最后一次徒步旅行是在亚洲白雪皑皑的喜马拉雅山上的安纳普尔纳山。山峰海拔26545英尺，是世界第十高。正是这座山激励他开始攀登。)”可知，激励Viesturs开始攀登的是喜马拉雅山上的安纳普尔纳山。故答案为Mount Annapurna。
38．考查词句猜测。根据第四段“In high school, Viesturs read French climber Maurice Herzog’s tale of climbing the icy Annapurna. Herzog’s story was of frostbite(冻伤) and difficulty and near-death experiences. Viesturs was hooked right away.( 高中时，Viesturs读过法国登山家莫里斯·赫尔佐格（Maurice Herzog）关于攀登冰冷的安纳普尔纳的故事。赫尔佐格的故事是关于冻伤的以及困难和濒死体验。Viesturs马上被hooked了。)”可知，hooked是动词，描述Viesturs在高中时读过法国登山家莫里斯·赫尔佐格关于攀登冰冷的安纳普尔纳的故事之后的反应。根据第二段“His last hike was up Mount Annapurna, in Asia’s snowcapped Himalayas. At 26,545 feet, its peak is the 10th highest in the world. It is the mountain that inspired him to start climbing. (他最后一次徒步旅行是在亚洲白雪皑皑的喜马拉雅山上的安纳普尔纳山。山峰海拔26545英尺，是世界第十高。正是这座山激励他开始攀登。)”可知，激励Viesturs开始攀登的是喜马拉雅山上的安纳普尔纳山。所以，Viesturs是被吸引去攀登，hooked的意思应该是“被吸引”。故答案为Attracted。
39．考查细节理解。根据第七段“The pioneering climber talks about mountains as if they were living creatures that should be treated with respect. (这位登山先驱谈到山脉时，仿佛它们是应该受到尊重的生物。)”可知，这位登山先驱把山脉认为是生物。故答案为They were treated as / like living creatures.
40．开放性试题。根据最后一段“What’s next for a man who can’t stop climbing? “I’m going to hug my wife and kids and kind of kick back and enjoy the summer,” says Viesturs. But for a man who’s climbed the world’s 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off on yet another adventure. (对于一个无法停止攀爬的人来说，接下来会发生什么？“我要拥抱我的妻子和孩子，放松一下，享受这个夏天，”Viesturs说。但对于一个登上了世界14座最高山峰的人来说，他可能很快就会开始另一次冒险。)”可知，Viesturs可能很快就会开始另一次冒险。故答案为No. Because for a man who’s climbed the world’s 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off another adventure.
41．Making a plan. 42．SMART goals refer to goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. 43．To make career decisions, you need to list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions, think about how each path lines up with your values, and whether they bring you a lot of money.
Because you should think about how decisions could influence your future. 44．I think the last step—to make career decisions—is the most important to develop your career plan. Because life is a process of decision-making choice. Correct decisions can help us succeed, while wrong decisions can make efforts in vain.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为转行作准备的三个步骤：自我反思、设定目标和做出决定。
41．考查细节理解。由第一段中的“The best way to be prepared for a career change is to make a plan. (为职业转变做好准备的最好方法是制定计划)”可知，为职业转变做好准备的最佳方式是制定计划。故答案为：Making a plan.
42．考查细节理解。由第三段中的“You probably need SMART goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound to prepare for success. (你可能需要具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时间限制的SMART目标来为成功做好准备)”可知，SMART目标是指具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时间限制的目标。故答案为：SMART goals refer to goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
43．考查细节理解。由第四段中的“First, list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions. And then think about how each path lines up with your values. Finally, think about how they could influence your future. (首先，列出不同决策的优点和缺点。然后想想每一条决策道路如何符合你的价值观。最后，想想它们会如何影响你的未来)”可知，要做出职业决策，你需要列出不同决策的优点和缺点，思考每一条决策道路如何符合你的价值观，以及“决策会如何影响你的未来”，所以“它们是否会给你带来很多钱”错误。故答案为：To make career decisions, you need to list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions, think about how each path lines up with your values, and whether they bring you a lot of money.
Because you should think about how decisions could influence your future.
44．考查开放答题。考生可结合文章和自身实际答题，例如：最后一步（即做出职业决策）是制定职业计划最重要的一步。因为生活是一个决策选择的过程。正确的决定可以帮助我们取得成功，而错误的决定可以使努力付诸东流。故答案为：I think the last step—to make career decisions—is the most important to develop your career plan. Because life is a process of decision-making choice. Correct decisions can help us succeed, while wrong decisions can make efforts in vain.
45．The people who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors. 46．The first agriculture theme park in Japan opened in 1988 with the purpose of helping young people living in urban areas know more about rural life.
The purpose of the first agriculture theme park in Japan in 1988 is to improve the added value of Iga pork, a local brand. 47．Yes, I agree with him.Young people have no interest in traditional agriculture and tend to crowd into cities in search of jobs. Now, peoplee are in search of entertainment, fresh and healthy food. Farm theme parks can satisfy that.


【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在日本，农场主题公园很受欢迎。并有专业人士指出，农场主题公园是未来农业的发展方向。
45．考查细节理解。根据第一段“But a growing independent group of specialized theme parks in Japan are catching the attention of those who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.(但日本越来越多的独立主题公园吸引了那些寻求娱乐、新鲜食物和户外感觉的人的关注)”可知，寻求娱乐，健康食物和户外体验的人会被吸引来农场主题公园。故答案为The people who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.
46．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri Farm pioneered the concept of agricultural theme parks in the late-1980s. The farm opened in 1988 when MokuMoku Tezukuri Farm Co., an agricultural corporation, attempted to improve the added value of Iga pork, a local brand.(20世纪80年代末，Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri农场率先提出了农业主题公园的概念。1988年，农业公司MokuMoku Tezukuri farm株式会社为了提高当地品牌Iga猪肉的附加价值，开设了这家农场)”可知，Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri Farm是日本第一家农业主题公园，可是它最初的目的并不是吸引城市的年轻人了解乡村生活，而是提高当地品牌猪肉的影响。故答案为The first agriculture theme park in Japan opened in 1988 with the purpose of helping young people living in urban areas know more about rural life. The purpose of the first agriculture theme park in Japan in 1988 is to improve the added value of Iga pork, a local brand.
47．开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据第二段“The number of sweet potato producers has dropped due to the aging population. We thought up the idea to convey the charm of agriculture to young people who moved to urban areas because they didn’t want to take over from aging farmers.(由于人口老龄化，红薯生产者的数量已经下降。我们想出了这个主意，把农业的魅力传达给那些搬到城市的年轻人，因为他们不想接替年迈的农民)”及第一段中“But a growing independent group of specialized theme parks in Japan are catching the attention of those who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.(但日本越来越多的独立主题公园吸引了那些寻求娱乐、新鲜食物和户外感觉的人的关注)”判断，农场主题公园是未来农业发展的方向这个说法是有道理的。故答案为Yes, I agree with him.Young people have no interest in traditional agriculture and tend to crowd into cities in search of jobs. Now, peoplee are in search of entertainment, fresh and healthy food. Farm theme parks can satisfy that.
48．All of the apartments’ facilities in SilviaBo are designed uniformly. 49．The project is her devotion. 50．Because the Queen understands the situation of people with dementia. 51． SilviaBo is aimed at perfecting the level of dementia care. 52．SilviaBo homes are great because they are much cheaper and can give people with dementia a good quality of life.

【分析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了Skanska 和 IKEA合作一个叫做SilviaBo的项目，旨在完善老年痴呆症的护理水平。该项目推出了一种既便宜又环保的新房子，为降低成本，房子里所有公寓的设施都是统一设计的，能够为痴呆症患者提供良好生活质量。
48．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“All of the apartments’ facilities are designed uniformly, like furniture and bathroom equipment, which helps keep the costs down.（所有公寓的设施都是统一设计的，比如家具和浴室设备，这有助于降低成本。）”可知，SilviaBo通过统一设计公寓设施来控制其住房成本，故答案为All of the apartments’ facilities in SilviaBo are designed uniformly。
49．考查词句猜测。根据文章第五段“She truly devotes herself to this project. （她全身心地投入到这个项目中。）”可知，这个项目就是她热爱的事情。故答案为The project is her devotion。
50．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“That’s because the Queen understands people with dementia are forced to leave their homes and that keeping them in their homes is a better way.（这是因为女王明白患有痴呆症的人被迫离开他们的家，让他们呆在家里是更好的方法。）”可知，女王投身于BoKlok项目是因为女王理解痴呆症患者的处境，故答案为Because the Queen understands the situation of people with dementia。
51．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“SilviaBo, named after Queen Silvia is a project made by Skanska and IKEA in partnership with Queen Silvia, which is aimed at perfecting the level of dementia care.（SilviaBo以西尔维亚女王的名字命名，是Skanska和宜家与西尔维亚女王合作的一个项目，旨在完善老年痴呆症的护理水平。）”可知，SilviaBo项目的目的是完善老年痴呆症的护理水平，故答案为SilviaBo is aimed at perfecting the level of dementia care。
52．考查观点态度。根据文章最后一段“It’s much cheaper for society and the public to help them at home.These creative solutions are the key to giving people with dementia a good quality of life. （社会和公众在家里帮助他们要便宜得多。这些创造性的解决方案是为痴呆症患者提供良好生活质量的关键。）”可知，SilviaBo住宅价格便宜并且能为痴呆症患者提供良好的生活质量，故答案为SilviaBo homes are great because they are much cheaper and can give people with dementia a good quality of life。
53．It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. 54．Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other. 55．To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.
56．To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍是什么是“文化能力”，它的重要性，以及提高这种能力的方法。
53．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.(从本质上讲，文化能力被定义为理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力)”可知，文化能力是理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力。故答案为：It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.
54．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other.(具有强大文化能力的人可以创造性地解决这些问题，即使一开始似乎不可能解决。更重要的是，思考和关心有不同经历的人可以带来一种理解感。这有助于在彼此之间建立信任)”可知，在跨文化环境中文化能力对人们来说很重要是因为，有了它人们可以创造性地解决问题，并建立彼此之间的信任。故答案为：Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other.
55．考查细节理解。根据Assess yourself部分的“This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future.(这可以让你对自己在该领域的优势和劣势有一个大致的了解，这样你就可以在未来提高自己)”和Practice good manners部分的“Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.(密切关注你的交流，确保你以一种友好和礼貌的方式与他人交谈)”可知，为了提高我们的文化能力，我们应该了解我们在这方面的优势和劣势，当我们不理解他人的行为时，我们应该礼貌地提出问题。因此错误部分是“even if we may speak in an impolite way”，因为根据原文所述，我们应该确保以友好和礼貌的方式与他人交流。故答案为：To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.
56．开放性问题。结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：为了培养文化能力，我们应该通过阅读相关书籍和在线搜索信息来了解不同的文化，从而获得知识。建议参加跨文化交流研讨会，与来自不同背景的人互动，以提高我们的跨文化交流技能。故答案为：To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills.
57．The author looked at the diary proudly, but did not write anything. 58．He is the author of The Mammoth Book of How It Happened. 59．The author felt dull when he read a 4000-year-old account of a young boy’s day, because the diary surrounded almost the same thing as his. Because the author was shocked. 60．I think that writing dairies is a good habit. Because it can remind me of those old memories.

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者四年级得到了一本日记本，每天都会记日记，但是渐渐觉得枯燥乏味。直到作者读到了一本4000年前的书，讲述了一个小男孩在学校的一天。这本书告诉作者，对于世界上任何地方的学生，可能在历史上任何时候，学校的意义都是相同的，写日记也是如此。
57．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“During the first week of my life as a diary owner, I kept looking at it. My heart filling with pride. In the second week, I suddenly felt nervous. I had not written a single word in the diary.(在我作为日记本主人的第一个星期里，我一直看着它。我的内心充满了自豪。第二周，我突然感到紧张。我在日记里一个字也没写)”可知，在第一个星期里，作者一直自豪地看着日记本，但是没有写任何东西。故答案为The author looked at the diary proudly, but did not write anything.
58．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“I read it in a book called The Mammoth Book of How it Happened, by Jon E. Lewis.(我在一本叫The Mammoth Book of How it Happened的书中读到这个故事，作者是Jon E. Lewis)”可知，Jon E. Lewis是The Mammoth Book of How it Happened一书的作者。故答案为He is the author of The Mammoth Book of How It Happened.
59．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“I recently read a 4000-year-old account of a young boy’s day in school. It surrounded almost the same thing as mine! I was shocked.(我最近读了一本4000年前的书，讲述一个小男孩在学校的一天。它周围的东西几乎和我的一样！我很震惊)”可知，当作者读到一本4000年前的小男孩一天的日记时感到震惊，而不是感到无聊，因为日记里的事情几乎和他的一样。故答案为The author felt dull when he read a 4000-year-old account of a young boy’s day, because the diary surrounded almost the same thing as his. Because the author was shocked.
60．考查开放性题目。言之有理，积极向上，注意词数限制。题干：你觉得写日记怎么样？可回答：我认为写日记是一个好习惯。它能让我想起那些过去的记忆。故答案为I think that writing dairies is a good habit. Because it can remind me of those old memories.
61．Sleep patterns are affected by traditions, cultural values, local conditions as well as environments. 62．Biphasic Sleep is a unique sleep pattern in which people’s sleep time is more separated by breaks and flexible. 63．The work-place nap was encouraged and in fact it probably increases the quality of night-time sleep even more. Because the work-place nap degrades rather than promotes the night-time quality. 64．I favor the sleep pattern in Portugal most. It has been acknowledged that the lack of sleep is likely to contribute to a series of health problems. On the contrary, at least 7 hours’ sleep ensures that you are energetic the next whole day.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文化传统、价值观和生活环境等因素造就了世界各地人们多样化的睡眠模式。由于人造光源的发明使用，如今人们大多有晚睡和睡眠时间减少的显著趋势。午睡也越来越成为现代人特别重视的生活习惯。
61．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Traditions, cultural values, local conditions and environments all influence sleep patterns. (传统、文化价值观、当地条件和环境都会影响睡眠模式)”可知，一个国家特有的文化传统、价值观、生活条件以及周边环境都会影响睡眠模式的形成，故答案为Sleep patterns are affected by traditions, cultural values, local conditions as well as environments.
62．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Artificial light has encouraged people to go to bed later and to sleep the whole night through (Monophasic Sleep), rather than the more broken up and flexible sleep patterns (Biphasic Sleep), (人造光鼓励人们晚睡，并且整晚都睡(单相睡眠)，而不是更分散和灵活的睡眠模式(双相睡眠))”可知，Biphasic Sleep指的是一种非连续性的、更为灵活的睡眠方式。故答案为Biphasic Sleep is a unique sleep pattern in which people’s sleep time is more separated by breaks and flexible.
63．考查细节理解。根据第四段“The work-place nap was encouraged as a way for a worker to increase productivity, even though in fact it probably degraded the quality of night-time sleep even more. (人们鼓励在工作场所午睡，认为这是提高工作效率的一种方式，尽管事实上它可能会进一步降低夜间睡眠质量)”可知，工作场所午睡可能会降低夜间睡眠质量，并非进一步提升。故答案为The work-place nap was encouraged and in fact it probably increases the quality of night-time sleep even more. Because the work-place nap degrades rather than promotes the night-time quality.
64．开放性试题，言之有理即可。I favor the sleep pattern in Portugal most. It has been acknowledged that the lack of sleep is likely to contribute to a series of health problems. On the contrary, at least 7 hours’ sleep ensures that you are energetic the next whole day.
65．Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions. 66．This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation. 67．A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation. While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. Therefore, A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it can stop him focus on the worst-case situation. 68．Seeking professional help is also an effective way to cope with overthinking.They can give us better advice which will help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了停止过度思考的方法。
65．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions. (过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力)”可知，过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力。故答案为Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions.
66．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation(这通常是由于认知错误，这基本上是逻辑思维中的错误，比如孤注一掷的思维和过度概括)”可知，过度思考是由于认知错误，这基本上是逻辑思维中的错误所造成的。故答案为This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation.
67．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Some people constantly think about questions like “What if I lose my job?” or “What if I get sick?” While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation(有些人经常会想这样的问题：“如果我失业了怎么办?”或者“如果我生病了怎么办?”虽然有这些想法很正常，但当我们只关注最坏的情况时，它就会成为一个问题)”以及“For every ‘what if’ worry, change this to an ‘if then’ statement where you come up with ideas to deal with the worry or the worst-case situation,” says Duke. “Focus on having a concrete plan in place.”(对于每一个“如果”的担忧，把它变成一个“如果”的陈述，在那里你想出了解决担忧或最坏情况的方法，杜克说。专注于制定一个具体的计划)”故答案为A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation. While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. Therefore, A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it can stop him focus on the worst-case situation.
68．开放性试题。Seeking professional help is also an effective way to cope with overthinking. They can give us better advice which will help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us.
69．Mr Yosuf writes mathematical problems on it and ZuleiKa copies them into an exercise book and solves them. 70．Her favourite pastimes are solving equations and reading books although she’s five years old. 71．Backgrounds/Environment(s)/Circumstances/Atmosphere 72．(They all have) a complete dedication to and love of their subject. 73．I think it’s bad because we can’t communicate or make friends with other students studying in school./I think it’s good because we can have more time to stay together with our family.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Yosuf先生的女儿Zuleika成为神童的故事，并且分享了她成功的秘诀。
69．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“For two hours every day, Mr Yosuf writes complex mathematical problems on the board. His daughter, Zuleika, copies them into an exercise book and solves them.”（Yosuf先生每天花两个小时在黑板上写下复杂的数学问题。他的女儿，Zuleika，把这些题抄到练习本上，然后解出来。）可知，客厅里的黑板是Yosuf先生在电脑上写数学题，而ZuleiKa则把数学题抄到练习本上并进行解答。故答案为Mr Yosuf writes mathematical problems on it and ZuleiKa copies them into an exercise book and solves them。
70．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Zuleika is special. She’s five years old, but instead of watching cartoons or playing computer games, her favourite pastimes are solving equations and reading books.”（Zuleika很特别。她今年5岁，但她最喜欢的消遣不是看动画片或玩电脑游戏，而是解方程和读书。）可知，Zuleika很特别是因为她最喜欢的消遣是解方程和读书，尽管她才五岁。故答案为Her favourite pastimes are solving equations and reading books although she’s five years old。
71．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中“They say that home tuition combined with love and understanding has helped their children to succeed. “We’ve been patient and supportive, and they take pride in what they do,” says Mr. Yosuf.”（他们说，家庭教育加上爱和理解帮助他们的孩子取得了成功。Yosuf先生说：“我们一直很耐心，很支持他们，他们对自己所做的事情感到自豪。”）可知，为父母所创造的家庭教育氛围。以及but后的“any child could do well.”（任何孩子都能做得很好。）故可猜测，划线单词surroundings为“背景，环境，氛围”的意思。故答案为Backgrounds/Environment(s)/Circumstances/Atmosphere。
72．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“One thing all child prodigies do have in common is a complete dedication to and love of their subject.”（所有神童都有一个共同点，那就是对他们的学科完全奉献和热爱。）可知，所有的神童的共同之处是他们都对自己的主题全身心的投入和热爱。故答案为(They all have) a complete dedication to and love of their subject。
73．考查主观评价。对于在家学习，我认为这很糟糕，因为我们不能在学校与其他学生交流或交朋友。故答案为I think it’s bad because we can’t communicate or make friends with other students studying in school。
74．Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur, who set up her business AilieCandy and invented a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth. 75．His father suggested she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain. 76．It is tasty and tooth-friendly． 77．Moore expected to help others find smiles from business． 78．Positive thinking and action result in success. Because only by facing difficulties positively and taking action optimistically，can you find solutions and achieve success.

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alice Moore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事。故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
74．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.( 爱丽丝·摩尔是一名青少年企业家，她于2015年5月创立了自己的公司AilieCandy。到她13岁的时候，她的公司已经价值数百万美元，因为她发明了一种超级甜食，可以保护孩子的牙齿，而不是破坏它们。)”可知，爱丽丝摩尔是一名少年企业家，创立了自己的公司AilieCandy，并发明了用一种保护孩子牙齿的超级甜食。故答案为Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur, who set up her business AilieCandy and invented a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth.
75．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He suggested that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.(带着这样的想法，摩尔问她爸爸她是否可以开一家自己的糖果公司。他建议她做一些研究，并咨询牙医，看看健康的糖果应该包含哪些成分。)”可知，当摩尔想要开创自己的公司时，她父亲的建议是让她做一些研究，并咨询牙医，弄清楚健康的糖果的成分。故答案为His father suggested she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
76．考查细节理解。根据第三段“With her dad’s agreement, she spent the next two years researching online to get a candy that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also went to dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. In the end, she succeeded in making a kind of candy product—Cancandy.( 在父亲的同意下，她花了两年时间在网上寻找一种既好吃又对牙齿有益的糖果。她还去看牙医，了解更多关于清洁牙齿的知识。最后，她成功地制作了一种糖果产品——Canandy。)”可知，摩尔的糖果产品Canandy的特殊之处是它是一种既好吃又对牙齿有益的糖果，故答案为It is tasty and tooth-friendly．
77．考查推理判断。根据倒数第一段“Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven by profit (利润). Moore wants to use her special talent to help others find their smiles.(虽然她很早就创立了自己的公司，但她并不是被利润驱动的。摩尔想用她的特殊才能帮助别人找回笑容。)”可知，摩尔创立公司不是为了赚钱，而是想利用自己独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容，因此推断摩尔想要通过她的公司帮别人找到微笑。故答案为Moore expected to help others find smiles from business．
78．本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。阅读全文可知，摩尔之所以能创业成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。因为只有积极乐观的面对困难，想方设法地寻找解决办法，最终才能获得成功，故答案为Positive thinking and action result in success. Because only by facing difficulties positively and taking action optimistically, can you find solutions and achieve success.
79．It may be due to miscalculated expectations./ Because of miscalculated expectations. / Because people have miscalculated expectations. 80．It is the assumptions that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. 81．A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
According to the passage, a single reminder isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset. 82．I prefer to have a shallow conversation because there is social etiquette that we need to observe in order not to make others feel offended. Besides, people differ in personalities so it is polite and considerate to respect their boundaries and avoid information they might view as privacy. (48 words)

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生活中人们更易于“浅谈”而不是“深入交谈”的原因。
79．考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“According to new research, it may be due to miscalculated expectations, and changing them could foster deeper connections.”（根据新的研究，这可能是由于错误的预期，改变他们可以培养更深的联系。）可知，人们害怕或避免亲密的交谈的原因是由于错误的预期。故答案为：It may be due to miscalculated expectations./ Because of miscalculated expectations. / Because people have miscalculated expectations.
80．考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“The noticeable difference between participants’ expectations and their actual experience seemed rooted in the assumption that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumption could be a barrier to forming deeper connections with others, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，阻碍人们与他人建立更深层次联系在于参与者交谈之前的一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。故答案为：It is the assumptions that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives.
81．考查推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“A single reminder likely isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, Epley warns. But making the effort to engage in just a few positive interactions could help someone mentally reset. ”（Epley 警告说，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。但是，努力参与一些积极的互动可以帮助人们在精神上重置。）可知，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。所以给出句子中“A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions”（一个简单的提醒就可以永久地改变我们的假设）与文意不符，故答案为：A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset. According to the passage, a single reminder isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
82．开放题，言之有理即可。根据文章第二段中“In a series of studies published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, participants either engaged in “shallow” conversations (speaking, for example, about their sleep schedule or how often they get haircuts) or “deep” discussions (covering embarrassing moments or what they’re grateful for). ”（在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上发表的一系列研究中，参与者要么进行“浅谈”的谈话(例如，谈论他们的睡眠时间表或者他们多久剪一次头发) ，要么进行“深入”的讨论(讨论尴尬的时刻或者他们感激的事情)。）第三段第一句“The noticeable difference between participants’ expectations and their actual experience seemed rooted in the assumption that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumption could be a barrier to forming deeper connections with others, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，在交谈前，人们都会做一个假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节，这个假设的建立会阻碍我们进行深入的交谈。说明“浅谈”不会涉及一个人的生活细节等隐私问题，所以我更喜欢浅显易懂的谈话，因为我们需要遵守社交礼仪，这样才不会让别人觉得被冒犯了。此外，人们的性格不同，所以尊重他们的界限，避免他们可能视为隐私的信息是礼貌和体贴的。故答案为：I prefer to have a shallow conversation because there is social etiquette that we need to observe in order not to make others feel offended. Besides, people differ in personalities so it is polite and considerate to respect their boundaries and avoid information they might view as privacy. (48 words)
83．Business. 84．Because he had great difficulty in finding a job.Or: Because he was unable to find a job. 85．Encouraged. /Motivated. /Inspired. 86．The people that/who would take a chance on him. 87．My grandma once taught me how to make noodles. One day, my Mom was not at home and my grandma taught me to make noodles to make me full.

【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述罗伯特·阿姆斯特将他祖母的饼干食谱打造成一个全国性品牌的故事。
83．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Years later and armed with a business degree, Armstrong, 28, is turning his grandma’s cookie recipe into a national brand, G. Mommas Southern Style Cookies, featuring chocolate chip pecan(美洲山核桃) and “buddascotch” oatmeal(燕麦片) flavors. (几年后，28岁的阿姆斯特朗拿到了商学学位，正在将他祖母的饼干食谱打造成一个全国性品牌—— G·妈妈南方风格饼干(G. Mommas Southern Style Cookies) ，其特色是巧克力碎山核桃和“佛达斯科奇”(buddascotch)燕麦风味。)”可知，阿姆斯特朗的大学专业时商学。故答案为Business。
84．考查细节理解。根据第四段“After graduating from college in 2008 and unable to find a job, Robert Armstrong asked his grandmother, Anice Morris Armstrong, to teach him how to bake, which he thought would take an afternoon.( 2008年大学毕业后，他找不到工作，罗伯特·阿姆斯特朗请他的祖母阿尼斯·莫里斯·阿姆斯特朗教他烘焙，他认为这需要一个下午的时间。)”可知，大学毕业后，罗伯特·阿姆斯特朗找不到工作，所以他才打算学习烘焙。故答案为Because he had great difficulty in finding a job。或者Because he was unable to find a job。
85．考查词句猜测。根据第六段“With basic cooking tools and an oven in an abandoned kitchen, he set up his own business, Selma Good, and began producing cookies in an old warehouse. Baking 10 to 12 hours a day, he managed to deliver cookies to 35 stores. His grandmother helped him develop the “buddascotch” recipe before her death, aged 88, last July. “She inspirited me in ways no one else ever could,” said Armstrong. (在一个废弃的厨房里，他用基本的烹饪工具和一个烤箱创办了自己的公司 Selma Good，并开始在一个旧仓库里生产饼干。他每天烘焙10到12个小时，设法将饼干送到35家商店。他的祖母去年7月去世，享年88岁。去世前，她帮助他研发了“佛手苏格兰威士忌”食谱。阿姆斯特朗说：“她以其他人从未有过的方式inspirited我。”)”可知，inspirited是动词，表明祖母对阿姆斯特朗的影响。根据上文可知，祖母在阿姆斯特朗的事业上帮助很大，一直激励着他，所以inspirited的意思应该是“鼓舞，激励”。故答案为Encouraged/Motivated/Inspired。
86．考查推理判断。根据第七段““Everybody has a grandma recipe, but I was lucky to find people that would take a chance on me,” Armstrong said. (阿姆斯特朗说：“每个人都有奶奶的秘方，但我很幸运能找到愿意给我机会的人。”)”可知，阿姆斯特朗把他的成功归功于愿意给他机会的人。故答案为The people that/who would take a chance on him。
87．开放性试题。My grandma once taught me how to make noodles. One day, my Mom was not at home and my grandma taught me to make noodles to make me full.