2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解题型分类练九主旨大意题__段落大意类

阅读理解题型分类练(九)　主旨大意题——段落大意类

A

[2022·合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测]

During school life, Muhammad Tariq Khan developed an interest in playing badminton. Unfortunately, the school did not have a coach, so he had to teach himself the sport. His dedication helped him become an under 12 Pakistan Champion at the age of 10.

Coming from a working­class family, Khan had to work in a factory to earn money for his family. But driven by his passion, Khan found out ways to watch other players play matches on the badminton court and he learned various techniques used by experienced players. Meanwhile, Khan practiced badminton by hitting the shuttlecock (羽毛球) against the walls of his home. Seeing his passion for the sport, his family bought him a net, a few wooden rackets, and a pack of shuttlecocks to practice at home. Later, Khan often practiced in an open court. To build up strength, he went on daily morning dash (短跑) by the riverside.

His intense practice sessions had made him so skilled that he courageously attacked and played against the top­ranked players. Soon he became a known player. Although he had a supportive family, he could not take up badminton as a full­time career. In order to help his father with finances and shoulder responsibility for his brothers and sisters, he had to switch his focus to building a long­lasting and stable career to sustain his family. After completing his degree in Bachelor of Commerce from Sindh University in 1964, he joined the Pakistan International Airlines in 1967. As an adult, he acknowledged the importance of his duties and performed them with great enthusiasm. Despite his daily office routine, Khan did not lose his passion for sports and played regularly.

The journey of Khan's achieving his goals is indeed challenging. His family had spent their initial days in a refugee (难民) camp. Khan ever walked long distances from college to his house to avoid using public transport to save cash to buy shuttlecocks.

Today he has been recognized by many reputable Pakistani platforms for his contribution to badminton. His personality is inspirational for many young individuals, who can learn from him the art of balancing life pressures and sticking to a passion!

1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Khan?

A．His family and work experience.

B．His dream of being a professional runner.

C．His experience of learning to play badminton.

D.His passion for watching badminton matches.

2．Why did Khan change his career focus?

A．He lost his passion for badminton.

B．He wanted new challenges.

C．He lost his parents' support.

D．He had to support his family.

3．What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 4?

A．Stimulate readers' deep interest.

B．Add some background information.

C．Summarize the previous paragraphs.

D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.

4．Which of the following can best describe Khan?

A.Responsible and determined.

B．Modest and creative.

C．Ambitious and adventurous.

D．Cooperative and honest.

B

[2022·成都市高三第一次诊断性检测]

Translation：“MoonUncleWhoLivesFarAway, CooksDeliciousSweetBread...”

Does this lullaby (摇篮曲) bring back the sweet memories of your childhood? Many more lullabies are sung to children in diverse languages and dialects in India. However, all this rich and intangible heritage is vanishing because of the neglect of native culture and the influence of popular culture.

The Lori Project is the first of its kind to collect and document lullabies across India. It's a crowdsourced project started by four friends：Shubham, Adya, Nishita and Anurag in May 2020. The idea came to Shubham when he failed to find authentic and culturally rooted lullabies for his niece.

The team aims to enable the children of future generations to connect with their culture through lullabies. Lullabies have vivid descriptions of man's connection with nature. They are also windows to the fascinating aspects of society over generations.

 Multiple kinds of research have been carried out to document the cultural aspects of India. But their findings remain restricted to libraries.

The major activities of the project are outreach and collection of lullabies from varied regions. The team ask for recordings of lullabies sung by everyday people in far off cities and villages by E­mail. Then they upload these recordings on their social media channels over which the audience can cherish the delightful melodies of their childhood.

Crowdsourcing lullabies by the use of social media can enable the team to revolutionize the entire system of culture. By engaging the plural communities of India, the project looks forward to promoting diversity in Indian culture with the creative potential of the lullaby.

5．What do we know about lullabies in India from the text?

A．They have been well­preserved.

B．They mirror the changes of society.

C．They are connections between man and nature.

D.They are deeply rooted in the popular culture of India.

6．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about?

A．The mode of operation.

B．The groups engaged.

C．The process of storage.

D．The social platforms adopted.

7．What makes the Lori Project different from others?

A．The purpose of the project.

B．The founders of the project.

C．The way of spreading the fruit.

D．The sources of its material.

8．What's the main purpose of the text?

A．To share an uncle's love.

B．To introduce a culture saving project.

C．To report the magic power of social media.

D．To advocate the protection of intangible heritage.

C

[2022·石家庄市高三教学质量检测]

There are few places on Earth that humans haven't messed up. Now even Antarctica, the only continent with no permanent human inhabitants, is being altered by us. A study found that the increasing human presence in Antarctica is causing more snow melt—bad news for a frozen world already battling the effects of human­caused global warming.

Black carbon, the dark, dusty pollution that comes from burning fossil fuels has settled in locations where tourists and researchers spend a lot of time, scientists found. Even the smallest amount of the dark pollutant can have a significant impact on melting because of its very low reflectiveness: Things that are light in color, like snow, reflect the sun's energy and stay cool; things that are dark, like black carbon, absorb the sun's energy and warm up.

“The snow albedo (反照率) effect is one of the largest uncertainties in regional and global climate modeling right now，” Alia Khan, a snow and ice scientist at Western Washington University, told CNN. “That's one of the motivations for the study, to quantify the impact of black carbon on regional snowmelt, which is important for quantifying the role of black carbon in the global loss of snow and ice.”

“Antarctica is sitting there pretty much silently all year. But, If it weren't there, in the state that it is meant to be, the balance that we have in the climate system will no longer be，” Marilyn Raphael, a geography professor said. “Antarctica's sea ice is also important to maintain a balance in atmospheric circulation，” he added. As waters get warmer, some Antarctic creatures are finding their homes more and more unlivable.

“Everything we do has consequences，” Raphael said. “We need to educate ourselves about those consequences, especially in systems that we know relatively little about. We have to be careful that we don't upset the climate balance.”

9．Why can the smallest amount of black carbon have a huge impact on melting?

A．It is highly reflective.

B．Its dark color absorbs heat.

C．It produces vast energy.

D．It causes much pollution.

10．According to Alia, which of the following is one reason for conducting the study?

A．To measure the impact of black carbon on melting.

B．To quantify the cost of battling against climate change.

C．To remove the uncertainties of global warming effects.

D．To urge people to pay more attention to the melting problem.

11．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A．The change caused by Antarctic melting.

B．The methods of stopping Antarctic ice melting.

C．The significance of the Antarctic being in its state.

D．The sufferings Antarctic creatures are experiencing.

12．What does Raphael advise people to do?

A．Reduce tourist numbers.

B．Face the consequences.

C．Acquire professional education.

D．Stop disturbing the climate balance.

阅读理解题型分类练(九)

A

语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——著名羽毛球运动员的成功之路

【语篇解读】　Khan自小对羽毛球感兴趣，在家人的支持下，他刻苦训练，逐渐成长为著名的运动员。为了承担家庭责任，他加入航空公司，但他仍然没有失去对羽毛球的热情。

1．答案与解析：C　理解段落主旨要义。通读第二段可知，该段主要介绍了Khan学习打羽毛球的经历：在打工的间歇，通过观看其他运动员在羽毛球场上比赛学会各种技术，在家人的支持下，艰苦训练。

2．答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“In order to... to sustain his family”可知，为了给父亲提供经济上的帮助，并承担起照顾兄弟姐妹的责任，他不得不将重心转移到其他领域以养家糊口。

3．答案与解析：B　理解目的。通读第四段可知，该段主要介绍了Khan实现目标的历程充满挑战。他在难民营中成长，为了省钱买羽毛球，他步行回家而不是乘坐公交车。据此可知，该段旨在添加Khan成才的背景信息。

4．答案与解析：A　推断。通读第二段可知，Khan为了养家糊口，不得不在工厂打工，据此可知，他是一位有责任心的人；他通过观看羽毛球运动员的比赛学习各种技巧，并坚持每天早上在河边进行短跑锻炼。据此可知，他是一位有决心的人。

B

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——社会与文化——挽救消失的摇篮曲

【语篇解读】　摇篮曲具有浓厚的地方特色，可是由于对本土文化的忽视和流行文化的影响，这一丰富的非物质文化遗产正在消失。为了挽救印度消失的摇篮曲，Lori Project成立了，专门收集、整理摇篮曲。

5．答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第四段尾句“They are also windows to... over generations”可知，摇篮曲反映了社会的变化。

6．答案与解析：A　理解主旨要义。通读第六段可知，该段首句“The major activities... varied regions”为主题句，又结合该段后面的内容可知，该段主要陈述项目的操作模式：推广和收集来自不同区域的摇篮曲。

7．答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。通读第五段可知，研究和记录印度文化的资源多局限于图书馆；根据第六段第二句“The team ask... E­mail”可知，该团队通过电子邮件收集遥远的城市和乡村的普通人录制的摇篮曲。据此可知Lori Project的独特之处是其素材来源。

8．答案与解析：B　理解目的。通读全文可知，第三段第一句“The Lori Project... across India”为全文主旨句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项挽救摇篮曲这一非物质文化遗产的项目：Lori Project。

C

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——保护环境——炭黑加速南极洲的冰雪融化

【语篇解读】　科学家发现燃烧化石燃料后留下的炭黑会加速南极洲的冰雪融化，并呼吁人们停止破坏气候平衡。

9．答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“because of its very low reflectiveness... black carbon, absorb the sun's energy and warm up”可知，炭黑之所以对融化有巨大的影响是因为炭黑吸热，故B项正确。

10．答案与解析：A　推断。根据第三段中的“That's one of the  motivations for the study, to quantify the impact of black carbon on regional snowmelt”可以推断，本次研究的原因之一是测量炭黑对区域冰雪融化的影响，故A项正确。quantify“确定……的数量，量化”。

11．答案与解析：C　理解段落主旨要义。根据第四段中Raphael的话以及“As waters get warmer... more and more unlivable”可知，本段主要讲了南极洲变暖对南极洲的生态平衡、大气环流和生物的影响，故C项“保持南极洲本来状态的重要性”正确。

12．答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的“We have to... the climate balance”可知， Raphael建议人们不要破坏气候平衡，故D项正确。