2022年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解考点分类练九主旨大意题__段落大意类含解析

考点分类练(九)　主旨大意题——段落大意类

A

(2021·山东淄博高三三模)

For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.

The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.

The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.

Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!

As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!

1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.The information of industrial revolution.

B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

C.The reasons of climate change.

D.The result of extreme weather events.

2.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.We have made great achievements.

B.Some measures are still required to take.

C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.

D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.

3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

(P:Paragraph)

B

(2021·陕西高三下学期模拟)

Eating chocolate at least once a week could put off a heart attack, according to a new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.

Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said,“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.

Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. Dr Krittanawong said,“Chocolate contains healthy nutrients such as flavonoids(类黄酮), polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.”

Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr Krittanawong said,“In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.”

Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate was more beneficial—or if there was an ideal portion size. He said,“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”

While it’s not clear how much is perfect, Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating. He said,“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.”

4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.The result of the study.

B.The process of the study.

C.The participants of the study.

D.The intention of the study.

5.Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow?

A.A heart attack.

B.A stroke.

C.High-density lipoprotein.

D.Low-density lipoprotein.

6.What does the recent study tell us?

A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure.

B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health.

C.Milk chocolate may also benefit the heart.

D.Chocolate contains special plant chemicals.

7.What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude towards chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease?

A.Indifferent.　　　　　　B.Hopeful.

C.Negative. D.Uncertain.

C

(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)

Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson. I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily... The list is endless.

To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.

Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.

Throughout my past life as an accountant, business author and speaker, I volunteered on many fields and in many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.

8.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?

A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.

B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.

C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.

D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.

9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA?

A.Risky and thrilling.

B.Tiring but worthwhile.

C.Funny and enjoyable.

D.Demanding but fruitless.

10.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph?

A.The accident transformed her thoroughly.

B.Volunteering has brought her a win-win result.

C.She’s never recovered from the injury.

D.She wasn’t interested in voluntary work before.

11.What could be the best title for the passage?

A.Helping Children in Need

B.Surviving the Brain Injury

C.Volunteering: A Journey Back

D.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson

考点分类练(九)　主旨大意题——段落大意类

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因, 对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。

1.C　解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenicinnature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。

2.B　解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。

3.D　解析:推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明, 适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症, 促进血液流动, 有利于身体健康。

4.A　解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Ourstudysuggestschocolatehelpskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.” 和 “Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryarterydiseasebyeightpercent.Thiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.” 可知, 本段主要介绍了Krittanawong博士新的研究结果。故选A项。

5.D　解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的 “KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)outofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,causingaheartattackorstroke.” 可知, 当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候, 它会造成动脉血管堵塞, 从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通, 最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。

6.C　解析:细节理解题。根据第五段的 “...butrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart.” 可知, 最近的研究表明, 牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供营养物质, 即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。

7.B　解析:推理判断题。根据第五段的 “Chocolateappearspromisingforthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.” 可知,Krittanawong博士对 “巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用” 是 “充满希望的”。故选B项。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者经历严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。

8.C　解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,...twovolunteersgroomthehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowhere...There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety...Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述为了骑马课程, 志愿者需要做很多工作。故选C项。

9.B　解析:推理判断题。根据第一段的 “Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers...totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildren...Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很辛苦、很累; 再根据第三段的 “Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.” 和最后一段的 “Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。

10.B　解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “...andworkingwiththemandwiththechildrenhashelpedturnmylifearound.” 可知, 志愿者工作不仅能帮助孩子们, 而且让作者在发生车祸后无论是心态还是生活上都有了积极的改变。由此推知, 志愿者工作带来了 “双赢” 的结果。故选B项。

11.C　解析:标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此,C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。