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新高考（广西专版）2024届高考英语二轮总复习阅读理解能力升级练考点分类练九主旨大意题段落大意类含答案
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这是一份新高考（广西专版）2024届高考英语二轮总复习阅读理解能力升级练考点分类练九主旨大意题段落大意类含答案，共8页。
Fr 30 years we have been tld hw temperatures have been rising rapidly t the unheard-f level. This is causing plar ice t melt, sea level t rise and has brught abut a dangerus increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes wuld likely present challenges t ur sciety and envirnment.
The causes f climate change are mainly anthrpgenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revlutin, human activities have increased the amunt f greenhuse gases in the atmsphere. The increased amunt f gases which absrb heat has led t mre heat being kept in the atmsphere, causing glbal warming.
The certainty f glbal warming can be seen thrugh sme f the natural phenmena like the effect n crps and extreme weather cnditins arund the wrld. The recent assessment reprt says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees frm 1906 t 2005, and that the average temperature will cntinue t rise. There have als been mre vilent dwnpurs, and the ice at the wrld’s ples and n its muntains is melting. The rising sea level is flding the lw-lying cuntries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead t the displacement f millins f peple, lss f millins f land and cnsequently billins f dllars.
Trubled by the serius situatin, wrld leaders came tgether fr the 2015 United Natins (UN) Climate Change Cnference in Paris. The climate talks led t 196 cuntries reaching a landmark agreement that cmmitted nearly every cuntry t lwering planet-warming greenhuse gas emissins t address glbal climate change. That was certainly an encuraging step fr ur earth and mankind!
As the wrld leaders cntinue t cmmit themselves t mnitr ur sick planet, we need t cntinue t take small steps t heal the wrld. We dn’t have much chice. If nly we culd just pack ur bags and migrate t Mars!
1.Whatdesparagraph2mainlytalkabut?
A.The infrmatin f industrial revlutin.
B.The greenhuse gases in the atmsphere.
C.The reasns f climate change.
D.The result f extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Sme measures are still required t take.
C.Mars is suitable fr peple’s living.
D.Sme cuntries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the whle text?
(P:Paragraph)
B
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Dami?n Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure(结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag.“The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
4.Which aspect f the human speech sund des Dami?n Blasi’s research fcus n?
A.Its variety.
B.Its distributin.
C.Its quantity.
D.Its develpment.
5.Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B.They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D.Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
6.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabut?
A.Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B.Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C.A further explanatin f the research methds.
D.A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
7.What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A.It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B.It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C.It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evlutin f human beings.
C
(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)
Few peple realise that it takes many vlunteers fr ne yung child t have a half-hur riding lessn. I vlunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Assciatin (VTEA), clse t the Washingtn State brder. It takes a few paid staff and an army f vlunteers—apprximately eighty—t take care f a dzen hrses and help with eighty r mre children during the week. There is a large barn t clean, and hay nets and water buckets t brush and fill. Specific feeds fr each hrse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.
T prepare a hrse fr a ride, smene has t bring it in frm the utside, at times sinking int inches f black, sticky mud during the winter mnths. Usually, tw vlunteers grm(刷洗; 梳毛) the hrse and put n the special saddle. Then they lead the hrse t where the lessn takes place. There, ne vlunteer leads the hrse, and usually tw walk alngside fr safety, ne n each side. Then the hrse must be returned t the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet s many peple willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age frm tw upwards, the children have varying degrees f mental disabilities. Sme have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bnes, enabling them t enjy a mre fruitful life.
Thrughut my past life as an accuntant, a business authr and speaker, I vlunteered in many fields and many rganisatins. Hwever, a terrible mtr-vehicle accident changed my life in a split secnd when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard t accept a new “me”, until I discvered that I needed t d smething that I have a passin fr. I lve hrses, and wrking with them and with the children has helped turn my life arund. The jurney back has been painful but wrthwhile. Nw, furteen years later, I am a different persn.
8.Whatisthemainideafparagraph2?
A.Hrses fr riding lessns are cared fr carefully.
B.Hrse-riding lessns bring children many benefits.
C.Vlunteers have much t d fr a hrse-riding lessn.
D.Disabled children are taught hrse-riding in a different way.
9.What des the authr think f her vluntary wrk in VTEA?
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but wrthwhile.
C.Funny and enjyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Vlunteering: A Jurney Back
D.Hrse-riding: A Hard Lessn
参考答案
考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句 “Thecausesfclimatechangearemainlyanthrpgenicinnature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Asthewrldleaderscntinuetcmmitthemselvestmnitrursickplanet,weneedtcntinuettakesmallstepsthealthewrld.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D 解析 推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了瑞士苏黎世大学的一个研究小组对唇齿音演化的研究结果。
4.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据第二段的“NwateamfresearchersledbyDami?nBlasiattheUniversityfZurich,Switzerland,hasfundhwandwhythistrendarse.(现在, 由瑞士苏黎世大学的Dami?nBlasi领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。)” 可知,Blasi的研究专注于它的发展过程。 故选D项。
5.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段的“Theydiscveredthattheupperandlwerfrntteethfancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtprducelabidentals...(他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难发出唇齿音……)” 可知, 古代成年人上下颚的构造很难发唇齿音。 故选C项。
6.A 解析 段落大意题。 第五段提到“对语言数据库的分析还证实, 新石器时代之后, 世界语言的声音发生了全球变化, ‘f’和‘v’的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。 这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到”。由此可知, 本段为研究的结果提供了证据。 故选A项。
7.C 解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的“” 可知, 这是一个复杂动态的体系。 故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Tprepareahrsefraride,smenehastbringitinfrmtheutside,,nevlunteerleadsthehrse,,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “,” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很累人; 再根据第三段的 “Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbnes,enablingthemtenjyamrefruitfullife.” 和最后一段的 “Thejurneybackhasbeenpainfulbutwrthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。
10.C 解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “Thejurneybackhasbeenpainfulbutwrthwhile.Nw,furteenyearslater,Iamadifferentpersn.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己。也就是说, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此,C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。
Fr 30 years we have been tld hw temperatures have been rising rapidly t the unheard-f level. This is causing plar ice t melt, sea level t rise and has brught abut a dangerus increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes wuld likely present challenges t ur sciety and envirnment.
The causes f climate change are mainly anthrpgenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revlutin, human activities have increased the amunt f greenhuse gases in the atmsphere. The increased amunt f gases which absrb heat has led t mre heat being kept in the atmsphere, causing glbal warming.
The certainty f glbal warming can be seen thrugh sme f the natural phenmena like the effect n crps and extreme weather cnditins arund the wrld. The recent assessment reprt says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees frm 1906 t 2005, and that the average temperature will cntinue t rise. There have als been mre vilent dwnpurs, and the ice at the wrld’s ples and n its muntains is melting. The rising sea level is flding the lw-lying cuntries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead t the displacement f millins f peple, lss f millins f land and cnsequently billins f dllars.
Trubled by the serius situatin, wrld leaders came tgether fr the 2015 United Natins (UN) Climate Change Cnference in Paris. The climate talks led t 196 cuntries reaching a landmark agreement that cmmitted nearly every cuntry t lwering planet-warming greenhuse gas emissins t address glbal climate change. That was certainly an encuraging step fr ur earth and mankind!
As the wrld leaders cntinue t cmmit themselves t mnitr ur sick planet, we need t cntinue t take small steps t heal the wrld. We dn’t have much chice. If nly we culd just pack ur bags and migrate t Mars!
1.Whatdesparagraph2mainlytalkabut?
A.The infrmatin f industrial revlutin.
B.The greenhuse gases in the atmsphere.
C.The reasns f climate change.
D.The result f extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Sme measures are still required t take.
C.Mars is suitable fr peple’s living.
D.Sme cuntries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the whle text?
(P:Paragraph)
B
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Dami?n Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure(结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag.“The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
4.Which aspect f the human speech sund des Dami?n Blasi’s research fcus n?
A.Its variety.
B.Its distributin.
C.Its quantity.
D.Its develpment.
5.Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B.They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D.Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
6.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabut?
A.Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B.Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C.A further explanatin f the research methds.
D.A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
7.What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A.It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B.It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C.It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evlutin f human beings.
C
(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)
Few peple realise that it takes many vlunteers fr ne yung child t have a half-hur riding lessn. I vlunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Assciatin (VTEA), clse t the Washingtn State brder. It takes a few paid staff and an army f vlunteers—apprximately eighty—t take care f a dzen hrses and help with eighty r mre children during the week. There is a large barn t clean, and hay nets and water buckets t brush and fill. Specific feeds fr each hrse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.
T prepare a hrse fr a ride, smene has t bring it in frm the utside, at times sinking int inches f black, sticky mud during the winter mnths. Usually, tw vlunteers grm(刷洗; 梳毛) the hrse and put n the special saddle. Then they lead the hrse t where the lessn takes place. There, ne vlunteer leads the hrse, and usually tw walk alngside fr safety, ne n each side. Then the hrse must be returned t the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet s many peple willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age frm tw upwards, the children have varying degrees f mental disabilities. Sme have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bnes, enabling them t enjy a mre fruitful life.
Thrughut my past life as an accuntant, a business authr and speaker, I vlunteered in many fields and many rganisatins. Hwever, a terrible mtr-vehicle accident changed my life in a split secnd when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard t accept a new “me”, until I discvered that I needed t d smething that I have a passin fr. I lve hrses, and wrking with them and with the children has helped turn my life arund. The jurney back has been painful but wrthwhile. Nw, furteen years later, I am a different persn.
8.Whatisthemainideafparagraph2?
A.Hrses fr riding lessns are cared fr carefully.
B.Hrse-riding lessns bring children many benefits.
C.Vlunteers have much t d fr a hrse-riding lessn.
D.Disabled children are taught hrse-riding in a different way.
9.What des the authr think f her vluntary wrk in VTEA?
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but wrthwhile.
C.Funny and enjyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Vlunteering: A Jurney Back
D.Hrse-riding: A Hard Lessn
参考答案
考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句 “Thecausesfclimatechangearemainlyanthrpgenicinnature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Asthewrldleaderscntinuetcmmitthemselvestmnitrursickplanet,weneedtcntinuettakesmallstepsthealthewrld.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D 解析 推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了瑞士苏黎世大学的一个研究小组对唇齿音演化的研究结果。
4.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据第二段的“NwateamfresearchersledbyDami?nBlasiattheUniversityfZurich,Switzerland,hasfundhwandwhythistrendarse.(现在, 由瑞士苏黎世大学的Dami?nBlasi领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。)” 可知,Blasi的研究专注于它的发展过程。 故选D项。
5.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段的“Theydiscveredthattheupperandlwerfrntteethfancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtprducelabidentals...(他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难发出唇齿音……)” 可知, 古代成年人上下颚的构造很难发唇齿音。 故选C项。
6.A 解析 段落大意题。 第五段提到“对语言数据库的分析还证实, 新石器时代之后, 世界语言的声音发生了全球变化, ‘f’和‘v’的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。 这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到”。由此可知, 本段为研究的结果提供了证据。 故选A项。
7.C 解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的“” 可知, 这是一个复杂动态的体系。 故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Tprepareahrsefraride,smenehastbringitinfrmtheutside,,nevlunteerleadsthehrse,,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “,” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很累人; 再根据第三段的 “Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbnes,enablingthemtenjyamrefruitfullife.” 和最后一段的 “Thejurneybackhasbeenpainfulbutwrthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。
10.C 解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “Thejurneybackhasbeenpainfulbutwrthwhile.Nw,furteenyearslater,Iamadifferentpersn.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己。也就是说, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此,C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。
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