英语小升初衔接课 词类——名词&代词

知识点回顾

1 . 名词易错知识点回顾

○回顾可数名词复数变化规则

○不规则的复数形式（常见）：

man →           tooth  →              foot  →          woman→

Child →          goose  →             mouse →          sheep→       

3）单复数词形相同的词：sheep,  fish,  deer,  Chinese,  Japanese  etc.

4）表示某国人的名词：中国人、日本人，复数不需加-s（Chinese, Japanese）

速记口诀：男人、女人变一个；鹅、脚、牙齿变两个；小孩后面加三个；

中、日、绵羊、小鹿永不变。

○不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质 （grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，music音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如some water）,不能与不定冠词连用。

○写出下列各词的复数

photo____________diary ____________  day_____________     

dress_______________thief___________    peach___________     

juice______________water ____________  rice______________    

tea ______________ man____________  woman____________  

banana ___________ bus___________    child ____________

foot _____________  sheep ____________   leaf(树叶) ________    

dish ____________  knife _____________   pen____________     

boy__________    baby___________ map _____________   

city____________  box __________    book ___________

class____________eye___________office ________        

car____________  fox(狐狸) ___________ watch ____________   

skirt____________ shelf _____________   cinema __________   

tomato_________ tooth ____________   wife____________     

postman __________ family __________ mouse __________         

Chinese__________  sandwich __________   glass __________ 

policeman________   strawberry ___________   

○名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书）

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如：

today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),

China’s population(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：

a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

2、[注解]：① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

短语翻译：

1. 我的爷爷________________   2.杰姆的房间_________

3. 那些男人的帽子__________    4.那间教室的窗户____________   

5.这些男孩的床____________6.那些女人的自行车__________

知识点梳理

1. 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词

用法：人称代词主格：做主语  ①

      人称代词宾格：动词和介词后  ②

      形容词性物主代词：后接名词，空后面有名词时用形物

      名词性物主代词：后不接名词，空后面无名词时用名物

      反身代词：某人做某事by+反身代词   eg. He finished the work by himself. 

①主语位置：句首                   He is Tom.

            Be动词后  am,is,are   Are you Tom?

            情态动词后  can,may    Can he draw?             

            助动词后 do,does,did   Does he have a cat?

②常见介词：for，with，to，of

2. 指示代词

                                                   与is，可数名词单数，不可数

                                                     名词连用

                                                     与are，可数名词复数连用

与名词单数连用的词有：it, is, a, an, this, that

与名词复数连用的词有：they, are, some, 大于1的数字（two, three, four ...）, these, those, many,   

                     a lot of= lots of (许多)

3. 疑问代词

1). What 什么   对物、动作提问

   It is a cat.     What is it?

   He is singing a song.    What is he doing?

2). Who 谁     对人提问

   Lily likes dancing.    Who likes dancing?

3). How 怎么样   对身体状况、交通方式提问

   I’m fine.   How are you?   

表身体状况常见的词有：fine（好），well（好），ill（生病的）

   They go to school by bus.   How do they go to school？

4). whose 谁的   对…的提问  （常见的有物主代词和名词所有格）

   My pen is red.    Whose pen is red?

   This red pen is mine.   Whose is this red pen?

   Lily’s pen is on the bed.    Whose pen is on the bed?

5). where   哪里  对地点提问

   His pen is on the bed.    Where is his pen?

   They are flying kites on the playground. Where are they flying kites?

6). which   哪一个  选择性

   Which pen do you like, the red one or the black one?    你想要那只笔，红的还是黑的？

    （要从红笔和黑笔中选择一样）

7). why   为什么    对原因提问

   I like summer because I can swim.    Why do you like summer?

8). when    什么时间   对时间提问

   He does his homework in the evening.  When does he do his homework?

9). what time    什么时间    对点钟提问

   The English lesson is at 8:00.       What time is the English lesson?

10). how often  多久一次   对频率提问

I brush my teeth once a day.  我一天刷一次牙。

How often do you brush your teeth?

表频率常见的词有：once a week  一周一次    twice a month 一个月两次

                   three times a year 一年三次

11). how many   多少，对数量提问     后接可数名词复数

    He has five books.     How many books does he have?

12). how much     对价钱、不可数名词的数量提问

① how much + be  多少钱

The dress is 100 yuan.     How much is the dress?

② How much + 不可数名词单数 

There are two cups of tea.      How much tea is there?

13). how long   多长    对长度提问

    The ruler is 20 cm.    How long is the ruler?

14). how far    多远    对距离提问

It’s 100 kilometers from Beijing to Shanghai.

How far is from Beijing to Shanghai?

15). How tall    多高  对身高提问

    I am 1.6 meters tall.    How tall are you?

16). What colour      什么颜色     对颜色提问

This pen is black.    What colour is this pen?

17). How old 几岁  对年龄提问

He is 11 years old.     How old is he?

四、不定代词（不确定指代）

注意：

1. some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句     

2. 表示委婉请求时用some    例： May I have some apples?  我能要一些苹果吗？

3. 当不定代词做主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数

   例：Somebody is there. 有人在那。

       Everyone comes early today. 今天大家都来得早。

4. 不定代词+形容词                        形容词+名词

  Something important 一些重要的东西     a lovely dog 一只可爱的小狗

拓展：a few, few, a little, little的区别

     a few 有几个       few 几乎没有    +可数名词复数

a little 一点        little 没有        +不可数名词

例：   I have a few friends. 我有几个朋友。

       He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

       There is a little water in the glass. 杯子里有一点水。

       There is little water in the glass. 杯子里没有水。

随堂巩固

一、用所给词的适当形式填空。

    1．Ms Ding teaches _______(we) maths.

    2．Do they know ________ (they) new teacher?

    3．Are these ________（you）pencils?

      Yes, they are ________（our）.

    4．She is________（I）classmate.

    5．Is this red coat yours?   No, _________(I) is yellow.

    6．She doesn’t like _______(she) new dress at all. Who bought (买) it for ______(she)?

二、选择填空

(   )1．He is a boy． ____name is Wang Bing．  

      A．He B．His  C．Her D．He's

(   )2．Let ____have a meeting．

      A．me B．you C．us D．me

(   )3．There are _____ books and paper on the desk.

      A. a little          B．much         C．a lot of  D. a lot

(   )4．Would you lend me _____ money?

      A．some B．a lot of C．a few D. any

(   )5．Sorry, but _____ of us can speak Russian.

      A．a little B．little C．a few D．few

(   )6．—Is there _____ wrong with my watch?     —No, _____.

      A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything

(   )7．There is still _____ milk in the glass. Let the baby have it.

      A．little B．a little C．a few D. few

(   )8．____ Li Ping's brother．

      A．Her B．His C．He's D．She's

(   )9．—Do you have any books on atomic physics?

   —Yes, I have _____.

      A．a few B．few C．a little D. little

 (   )10．Mr．Zhang praised _____ for _____ progress in studies．

      A．he; him B．him; his C．his; him D. he; his

(   )11．I bought a nice skirt for _____．

      A．she B．her C．herself D. hers

(   )12．How _____ did the coat cost you?

      A．many B．much C．money D．much yuan

(   )13．The radio is almost the same as _____．

      A．She's B． her C．hers D. herself

(   )14．How _____ English phrases do you think you have learned this term?

      A．much B．many C．any D. some

(   )15．Take care of _____．

      A．myself B．you C．yourself D. your

(   )16. —Who is singing there?  —_____ is Li Ming's sister．

      A．She B．This C． It D.That

(   )17．_____ will spend the summer vacation in Qingdao．

      A．He, you and I B．You, he and I C．I, you and he D. You, I and he

(   )18．_____ is mine． _____ is hers．

      A．It; it B．This; that C．Those; these D．That; this

 (   )19．I don't think we can do it all ____．

      A．by ourselves  B．by myself  C．by ourself D．by yourselves

(   )20．I don't want this shirt． Please show me ____．

      A．others B．the others C．another D．the other