高中英语Unit 5 Working the Land精品练习题

Unit 5 Working the land

Part 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time

话题作文：

    假定你是某中学校英文报编辑，你校下周将举办一次主题为“关爱地球”的志愿活动。请你在该报上写一则通知，内容包括：

1.活动目的；

2.活动内容；

3.表达期待。

参考范文：

Notice

To help improve the environment, our school is going to organize a voluntary activity on the theme of “Caring for the Earth”.

The activity is scheduled to take place next Saturday. There are three different voluntary tasks for you to choose from: planting trees in a park, setting up signs for roadside plants and distributing environmental brochures in nearby communities. Everyone wishing to do their part is expected to sign up at the student office before next Wednesday. If you are interested, don’t hesitate to join us.

Looking forward to your active participation.

The Students’ Union

培优第一阶——基础过关练

I. 单词拼写

1．We must consider every a__________ of the problem.

2．The central government is sparing no effort to help people out of p________.

3．His leg was now capable of full ________ (伸展)．

4．Fruit should be dealt with ________(农药) regularly.

5．Humans can’t ________ (消化) plants such as grass.

6．There are ________ (本质上的)differences between the two methods.

7．I ________ (完全地) enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favorite part.

8．The new laws have gained w________ (广泛的) acceptance.

II．单句语法填空

1．It’s also_________ (entire) necessary for them to be able to complete their college education.

2．There is a ________ (poor) of colour in her work.

3．For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of ________ were set up by local doctors.

4．It is ________(essence) for high-new technology enterprises to strengthen competitive power.

5．________ he likes books of this kind is very interesting.

6．You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly; those are the two ________(alternative).

7．The diet is _____________ (nutrition) but low in calories.

8．If something bad happens on a particular day,   people have a tendency__________ associate that day with the negative event.

9．This can make them nervous or embarrassed__________speaking English in public.

10．He occupied himself__________packing the luggage.

11．The development of the site will have ____ (imply) for the surrounding countryside.

12．_____________(compare) with many other candidates for the position, I have a great advantage which is I have studied in Switzerland.

13．_____________(force) to do what a person doesn't like to is an unpleasant thing.

14．He felt acutely ____________(embarrass) at being the centre of attention.

15．We shall put the machine to further____________(try).

16．I ____________(mere) suggested you should do it again. There's no need to get annoyed.

III. 翻译句子

1．我们从另一方面来讨论这个话题吧。（汉译英）

2．气候和天气影响我们生活的每个方面。（汉译英）

3．如果社区遭灾，及时提供救援常常是最关键的一环。(It)   (汉译英)

4．了解这些重要的信息对市民来说是必须的，这可以帮助遭受地震袭击地区的人从自然灾害中幸存。（survive）（汉译英）

5．尽管疑点重重，但他缜密分析，不放过任何蛛丝马迹，终于令这起社会广泛关注的盗窃案的真相大白于天下。(which) (汉译英）

V. 课文语法填空

Given the fact that chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers can fight crop disease and increase production, they     1    (be) in widespread use since the 1950s.However, with time going by, they have been proved     2   (harm) to the environment and human health if     3    (use) for a long time. To tackle the problems, farmers have switched to organic farming     4    an alternative. And organic food has become     5   favorite for many customers. Organic farmers rely on it that natural means could keep their soil fertile and free of disease. Different organic methods have come up,    6    goal is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to the human health.     7    , organic farming cannot replace chemical farming with a huge number of people     8    (feed) worldwide. There is still a long way to go     9    scientists find a suitable     10   (solve) that can satisfy the high demand for food while protecting the environment.

1.                 2.                3.                  4.                  5.               

6.                 7.                 8.                  9.                 10.            

培优第二阶——拓展培优练

完形填空

 One day my daughter brought home four tiny trees from grade school. They had been given to her by the school to ____27____, but none of them looked very ____28____. I planted them in our backyard. Over the years ____29____ soil brought an end to three of them. Only a single evergreen was left.

It grew very slowly. It never got very tall and it tilted (倾斜) to one side. Eventually it looked more like a fat ____30____ than a tree. I noticed that it was starting to ____31____. The lower branches were becoming ____32____. The needles on the upper branches had turned brown. Only the top third of the tree was still green. Last summer I did my best to ____33____ it by feeding it lots of fertilizer (肥料), but my efforts were in ____34____.

This morning I went out and looked at it again. I was wondering whether it would be better to just cut it down. That would make cleaning the yard ____35____ and I would no longer have to watch it _____36_____ gradually by natural processes. However, I noticed a bird was patiently building a nest in the topmost branches. I smiled when I looked at it and realized that maybe this old tree had some life and _____37_____ left in it yet. It was giving a bird a _____38_____ and providing oxygen to the world.

This tree _____39_____ me of something, too. All of our lives have a (an) _____40_____. Until our last _____41_____ here we can help to make this world a better place.

27．A．study B．climb C．plant D．select

28．A．rare B．young C．attractive D．strong

29．A．soft B．poor C．wet D．fresh

30．A．bush B．root C．branch D．trunk

31．A．boom B．bend C．grow D．die

32．A．long B．straight C．bare D．shaky

33．A．save B．protect C．beautify D．sharpen

34．A．relief B．vain C．trouble D．effect

35．A．more tiring B．busier C．more interesting D．easier

36．A．destroyed B．absorbed C．covered D．explored

37．A．lack B．ambition C．heat D．usefulness

38．A．cage B．home C．stage D．room

39．A．reminded B．informed C．warned D．rid

40．A．matter B．result C．purpose D．end

41．A．hope B．moment C．chance D．belief

阅读理解

（2022·山西长治·高二期末）It turns out that sunflowers are more than just a pretty face: the ultraviolet (紫外线的) colours of their flowers not only attract pollinators (传粉者), but also help the plant regulate water loss, according to new research.

The yellow sunflower is a familiar sight, but it’s hiding something from the human eye—an ultraviolet bullseye (靶心) pattern, invisible to humans but not to most insects including bees. These bullseye patterns have long been known to improve the attractiveness of flowers to pollinators by increasing their visibility.

“Unexpectedly, we noticed that sunflowers growing in drier climates have flowers with larger ultraviolet bullseyes, and found that those flowers are able to keep water more efficiently. This suggests that these larger ultraviolet bullseyes help plants adapt to these drier environments,” says Dr. Marco Todesco.

Dr. Todesco and his colleagues grew almost 2,000 wild sunflowers of two species at the university in 2016 and 2019. They measured the sunflowers’ ultraviolet patterns, and analyzed the plants’ genes, and found that wild sunflowers from different parts of North America had ultraviolet bullseyes of very different sizes.

Larger floral ultraviolet patterns that have more of these compounds could help reduce the amount of water loss from a sunflower in environments with lower humidity (湿度), preventing too much water loss. In humid, hot environments, smaller ultraviolet patterns would promote the water loss, keeping the plant cool and avoiding overheating.

Sunflowers are planted for various purposes, including sunflower oil production, a roughly $20 billion industry in 2020. This research could help add to knowledge about how to attract pollinators, potentially increasing crop yields, says Dr. Todesco. “This work also helps us understand how sunflowers, and potentially other plants, better adapt to different areas or temperatures, which could be important in a warming climate.”

1．What do we know about sunflowers?

A．They don’t need pollinators.

B．Their flowers have special functions.

C．Their flowers can drive the insects away.

D．They can be grown in extremely cold areas.

2．What did Dr. Todesco and his colleagues do?

A．They analyzed 2000 kinds of sunflowers.

B．They planted sunflowers to carry out research.

C．They travelled to different parts of South America.

D．They helped people in North America plant sunflowers.

3．What is Dr. Todesco’s attitude to the research on sunflowers?

A．Positive. B．Doubtful.

C．Negative. D．Critical.

4．What can be the best title for the text?

A．A Hidden Function of Flowers of Sunflowers

B．Researchers Found a New Species of Sunflower

C．Sunflowers Can Change the Colours of Sunshine

D．Ultraviolet Bullseye Patterns Attract More Insects

语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

A new study reveals that plants have their own “ bedtime alarm clock ” that helps them survive the night. Researchers at the University of York have discovered that plants possess an internal signal which they believe tells them ____42____ amount of sugar they have in their systems at dusk. Plants use sunlight to make ____43____ ( they ) own sugars from photosynthesis (光合作用）during the day and store them to provide energy during the night.

Plants’ ability to predict sunrise and estimate the ____44____ ( long ) of the night, as well as adjust metabolism (新陈代谢), ____45____ ( depend ) on a biological time-keeper called a circadian clock. This is a network of genes which drives rhythms of ____46____ ( rough ) 24 hours. Biologists think it is this signal, or so-called “ alarm ” , ____47____ gives plants the information they need to adjust their metabolism in the dark nighttime hours to stay alive.

The researchers discovered a set of genes ____48____ ( regulate ) by the chemical compound superoxide, which ____49____ ( associate ) with metabolic activity. And they found by stopping the production of superoxide, they also stopped the effect of sugar ____50____ these circadian clock genes in the evening, _____51_____ ( reveal ) the plants’ so-called “ alarm ” .

培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵

阅读理解A

（2022·广东·深圳市光明区高级中学模拟预测）Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethiopian staple (主食), could be a new superfood and a lifesaver in the face of climate change. The banana-like crop has the potential to feed more than 100 million people in a warming world, according to a new study.

Enset or “false banana”, almost unknown outside of Ethiopia, is a close relative of the banana but is consumed only in one part of this country. The banana-like fruit of the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems and roots can be fermented and used to make porridge and bread. Research suggests the crop can be grown over a much larger range in Africa. “This is a crop that can play a really important role in addressing food security and sustainable development,” said a university professor in Awasa, Ethiopia.

Using agricultural surveys and modelling work, scientists predicted the potential range of enset over the next four decades. They found the crop could potentially feed more than 100 million people and boost food security in Ethiopia and other African countries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda.

Study researcher Dr James Borrell, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, said planting enset as a buffer crop for lean times could help boost food security. “It’s got some really unusual traits that make it absolutely unique as a crop,” he said. “You plant it at any time, you harvest it at any time. That’s why they call it the tree against hunger.”

There is growing interest in seeking new plants to feed the world, given our reliance on a few staple crops. Nearly half of all the calories we eat come from three species - rice, wheat, and maize. “We need to diversify the plants we use globally as a species because all our eggs are in a very small basket at the moment,” said Dr Borrell.

5．What does the underlined word “inedible” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Not fit to be planted. B．Not suitable to be eaten.

C．Not delicious enough. D．Not nutritious enough.

6．What do we know about Ethiopia’s enset from the text?

A．It is an especially adaptable species of banana.

B．It can feed more than 1 billion people in the world.

C．It can play a significant role in solving food shortage in Africa.

D．It can be grown at anytime and everywhere in Africa.

7．What is Dr Borrell’s attitude towards the need of seeking new staple plants?

A．Approving. B．Indifferent.

C．Neutral. D．Unfavorable.

8．What is the main purpose of the text?

A．To advertise a unique banana-like staple.

B．To provide a solution to food problems.

C．To recommend a magic tree against hunger.

D．To introduce a wonder crop for climate change.

阅读理解B

（2022·山东·威海市教育教学研究中心二模）Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the significance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.

“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing,” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource - limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.

Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death.” said Birch.

Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it's likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.”

9．In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones?

A．They confirm the benefits of fungal networks. B．They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon.

C．They clarify misunderstanding of fungal networks. D．They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees.

10．How do fungal networks help trees?

A．By fighting against diseases. B．By bettering forest soil conditions.

C．By acting as the center of family units. D．By maintaining the balance of resources.

11．What does the underlined “They” refer to in Paragraph 3?

A．Tree rings. B．Fungal networks. C．Douglas firs. D．Cores from Douglas firs.

12．Which field will most benefit from the study according to the text?

A．Geography. B．Agriculture. C．Reforestation. D．Microbiology.